Proceedings of the Fifty-Sixth Annual Meeting
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President Truman's Recognition of Israel
aH3 PRESIDENT TRUMAN'S RECOGNITION OF ISRAEL by IAN JAMES BICKERTON B. A., Hons, University of Adelaide, 1961 (\\'-\ A MASTER'S THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree { '^ MASTER OF ARTS • - r j - Department of History and Philosophy KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1966 ' Approved by ; / 'UW^l^W ''^^^ Major Professor < (/ LP ^ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE ii Chapter I. THE UNITED STATES AND PALESTINE: THE QUESTIONS 1 II. PRESIDENT TRUMAN FACES THE PROBLEM 22 III. UNITED NATIONS PARTITION AND AMERICAN RECOGNITION 45 EPILOGUE 84 APPENDIX A 90 APPENDIX B 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY 98 ABSTRACT PREFACE In 1948 A.D., just over 2,000 years after the Diaspora* of 6 8 B.C., a Jewish state came into existence in Palestine. This was of considerable significance to the United States. Not only was it an additional consideration in the formulation of foreign policy towards the Middle East, but America had played a major part in the establish- ment of the state of Israel. President Truman has been subjected to considerable attack as a result of this, by critics who interpret his actions as being motivated by an ethnic pressure group and domestic politics rather than by the national interest. This study analyzes the factors leading up to the decision by President Truman to recognize Israel. Such an analysis reveals that although tremendous pressure was exerted by Zionist organizations. Congressmen, the press and the Democratic National Committee, on Truman to support the foundation of a Jewish state in Palestine, he was reluc- tant to do so. Nor was it domestic politics that led him finally to act. -
Against Our Better Judgment: the Hidden History of How the U.S. Was
Against Our Better Judgment The hidden history of how the U.S. was used to create Israel ALISON WEIR Copyright © 2014 Alison Weir All rights reserved. DEDICATION To Laila, Sarah, and Peter CONTENTS Aknowledgments Preface Chapter One: How the U.S. “Special Relationship” with Israel came about Chapter Two: The beginnings Chapter Three: Louis Brandeis, Zionism, and the “Parushim” Chapter Four: World War I & the Balfour Declaration Chapter Five: Paris Peace Conference 1919: Zionists defeat calls for self- determination Chapter Six: Forging an “ingathering” of all Jews Chapter Seven: The modern Israel Lobby is born Chapter Eight: Zionist Colonization Efforts in Palestine Chapter Nine: Truman Accedes to Pro-Israel Lobby Chapter Ten: Pro-Israel Pressure on General Assembly Members Chapter Eleven: Massacres and the Conquest of Palestine Chapter Twelve: U.S. front groups for Zionist militarism Chapter Thirteen: Infiltrating displaced person’s camps in Europe to funnel people to Palestine Chapter Fourteen: Palestinian refugees Chapter Fifteen: Zionist influence in the media Chapter Sixteen: Dorothy Thompson, played by Katharine Hepburn & Lauren Bacall Works Cited Further Reading Endnotes ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am extremely grateful to Katy, who plowed through my piles of obscure books and beyond to check it; to Sarah, whose design so enhanced it; to Monica, whose splendid work kept things together; and to the special, encouraging friends (you know who you are) who have made this all possible. Above all, I am profoundly grateful to the authors and editors who have produced superb work on this issue for so many years, many receiving little personal gain despite the excellence and dedication of their labors. -
ABSTRACT Refugees in Times of Reelection: an Analysis of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman's Responses to Jewish R
ABSTRACT Refugees in Times of Reelection: An Analysis of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman’s Responses to Jewish Refugees During and After World War II. Anabel Burke Director: Dr. Lauren Poor, Ph.D. Many individuals hold a false notion that America is a safe haven for refugees, but a closer look at the refugee crisis surrounding World War II (1930-1948) tells a different story; Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) and Harry S. Truman faced the difficult decision of if they should help Jewish refugees, and if so, how. In this thesis I argue that presidents’ actions concerning refugees are tempered by political concerns and driven by a xenophobic America, and that for a president to act humanitarianly and openly in refugees’ best interest that they are usually not facing reelection and are in a relatively safe political position. By examining the political correspondence of both presidents, I show that refugees fare best when they seek aid and admittance to the United States under a second-term president, and the examples of FDR and Truman help to shed a light on the more recent Syrian refugee crisis and former President Obama’s motivations and dealings with those clamoring at America’s gates. APPROVED BY DIRECTOR OF HONORS THESIS: _______________________________________________ Dr. Lauren Poor, Department of History APPROVED BY THE HONORS PROGRAM: ________________________________________________ Dr. Elizabeth Corey, Director DATE: ________________________________ REFUGEES IN TIMES OF REELECTION: AN ANALYSIS OF FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT AND HARRY S. TRUMAN’S RESPONSES TO JEWISH REFUGEES DURING AND AFTER WORLD WAR II. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Baylor University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Honors Program By Anabel Burke Waco, Texas May 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements . -
The U.S. Recognition of Israel: a Bureaucratic Politics Model Analysis
The U.S. Recognition of Israel: A Bureaucratic Politics Model Analysis Nilay Saiya Political Science Villanova University The outsider believes a Presidential order is consistently followed out. Nonsense. I have to spend considerable time seeing that it is carried out and in the spirit the President intended. Inevitably, in the nature of bureaucracy, departments become pressure groups for a point of view. If the President decides against them, they are convinced some evil influence worked on the President: if only he knew all the facts, he would have decided their way. –Richard Nixon1 The bureaucratic politics model holds that each bureaucracy in the federal government has institutional beliefs it is seeking to maximize. The competition is based upon relative power and influence. I seek to examine how these competing bureaucracies helped influence U.S. foreign policy toward Israel during the Truman administration. Specifically I hope to address the following question: How does the bureaucratic politics model explain the United States decision to recognize Israel? According to bureaucratic politics theory, decisions are determined not by rational choice or chief actors but through a give-and-take bargaining process conducted by various parties of the government. Rather than unitary actors, this model maintains that governmental decisions are the result of individuals or organizations vying for position and power. Therefore, the outcomes are a direct result of bureaucratic competition. Prominent scholars of the bureaucratic politics model -
PRESIDENT FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT's Office
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of RESEARCH COLLECTIONS IN AMERICAN POLITICS Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editor: William E. Leuchtenburg PRESIDENT FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT’S Office Files, 1933–1945 Part 4: Subject Files UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of RESEARCH COLLECTIONS IN AMERICAN POLITICS Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editor: William E. Leuchtenburg PRESIDENT FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT’S OFFICE FILES, 1933–1945 Part 4: Subject Files Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide Compiled by Blair D. Hydrick A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s office files, 1933–1945 [microform]. (Research collections in American politics) Compiled from the papers of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the custody of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. Accompanied by printed reel guides, compiled by Robert E. Lester and Blair D. Hydrick. Includes indexes. Contents: pt. 1. “Safe” and confidential files— [etc.]—pt. 4. Subject files—pt. 5. The John Franklin Carter files on German Nazi Party members. 1. Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882–1945—Archives. 2. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library— Archives. 3. United States—Politics and government— 1933–1945—Sources. 4. United States—Foreign relations— 1933–1945—Sources. I. Lester, Robert. II. Hydrick, Blair. III. Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882–1945. IV. United States. President (1933–1945 : Roosevelt) V. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. E806 [Microform] 973.917´092 92-25443 ISBN 1-55655-265-3 (pt. 1) ISBN 1-55655-266-1 (pt. -
David Niles Papers11.Mwalb02055
David Niles papers11.MWalB02055 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 25, 2021. eng Describing Archives: A Content Standard Brandeis University 415 South St. Waltham, MA URL: https://findingaids.brandeis.edu/ David Niles papers11.MWalB02055 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Scope and Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 4 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 5 Collection Inventory ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Personal Correspondence ............................................................................................................................ 5 Politics ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Immigration and Refugees -
The United States Recognition of Israel
3/7c folI3 THE UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF ISRAEL: DETERMINANT FACTORS IN AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of North Texas in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Louis M. Farshee, B.B.A. Denton, Texas August 1990 Farshee, Louis Michael, The United States Recognition of Israel: Determinant Factors in American Foreign Policy. Master of Arts (Political Science), August 1990, 145 pp., bibliography, 178 titles. This thesis examines the critical factors leading to the 1948 decision by the United States government to extend recognition to the newly declared State of Israel. In the first of five chapters the literature on the recognition of Israel is discussed. Chapter II presents the theoretical foundation of the thesis by tracing the development of Charles Kegley's decision regime framework. Also discussed is the applicability of bureaucratic structure theory and K. J. Holsti's hierarchy of objectives. Chapters III and IV present the empirical history of this case, each closing with a chapter summary. The final chapter demonstrates the relevance and validity of the theoretical framework to the case and closes with a call for further research into the processes of foreign policy decision-making. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter I. INTRODUCTION..... ......... 1 II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.. ........ 12 The Concept of Decision Regime Bureaucratic Structure Hierarchy of Objectives III. THE DECISION REGIMES . 31 Realist-Planners White House Advisers The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry The Yom Kippur Statement Controversy Chapter Summary IV. PRESIDENT TRUMAN: THE PROCEDURAL ELEMENT. 71 Truman and the Palestine Question The Role of the United Nations Palestine Policy Reconsidered The Debate for Presidential Endorsement Politics and Dynamics in Decision-Making Chapter Summary V. -
The Presidents & the Jews
The Presidents & the Jews by Leonard Dinnerstein Jews hardly registered on the presidential radar screen before 1933, the year Franklin D. Roosevelt entered the White House and Hitler became chancellor of Germany. Today, Jews are entering a golden age in American politics, highlighted by the selection of Senator Joseph Lieberman to run on the Democratic ticket as vice president. What has induced U.S. presidents to pay increasing attention to Jews and their concerns in the past half century? And how have our modern presidents, from FDR to Bill Clinton, fared on the standard Jewish performance rating scale: "Was he good or bad for the Jews?" Franklin D. Roosevelt In the 1930s and 1940s, most American Jews regarded FDR as the most pro-Jewish president in the nation's history. They were right. Steadfastly resisting the pervasive antisemitism of his time, FDR surrounded himself with talented, intellectually stimulating people, Jews and non-Jews alike. Coming to power at the depth of the American depression, FDR focused on getting the country out of its economic woes by initiating programs designed to speed recovery, provide relief, and reform the existing economic system. To succeed, he sought out and depended on men and women who could deliver the most knowledgeable advice on a particular subject. This was quite a departure from previous presidents, who relied almost always on white upper-middle-class Protestant men to decide matters of importance. FDR appointed as his Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins, the first woman Cabinet member, who acknowledged that she preferred working with people who had a "yiddishe kop" (Jewish brains).