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Universidade Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro Centro De Educação E Humanidades Instituto De Letras Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Centro de Educação e Humanidades Instituto de Letras Juliana Almeida Salles Empowering natives through autobiographical writing: Lee Maracle’s Bobbi Lee Indian Rebel and Leslie Marmon Silko’s The Turquoise Ledge: a Memoir Rio de Janeiro 2014 Juliana Almeida Salles Empowering natives through autobiographical writing: Lee Maracle’s Bobbi Lee Indian Rebel and Leslie Marmon Silko’s The Turquoise Ledge: a Memoir Dissertação apresentada, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Área de concentração: Literaturas de Língua Inglesa. Orientadora: Profª. Dra. Leila Assumpção Harris Rio de Janeiro 2014 CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE UERJ/REDE SIRIUS/CEHB S168 Salles, Juliana Almeida. Empowering natives through autobiographical writing: Lee Maracle’s Bobbi Lee indian rebel and Leslie Marmon Silko’s The turquoise ledge: a memoir / Juliana Almeida Salles. – 2014. 113 f. Orientadora: Leila Assumpção Harris. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Letras. 1. Silko, Leslie Marmon, 1948- - Crítica e interpretação– Teses. 2. Maracle, Lee – Crítica e interpretação – Teses. 3. Silko, Leslie Marmon, 1948-. The Turquoise Ledge: a memoir – Teses. 4. Maracle, Lee. Bobbi Lee indian rebel – Teses. 5. Ficção autobiográfica canadense – Teses. 6. Literatura canadense – História e crítica – Teses. 7. Literatura americana – História e crítica – Teses. I. Harris, Leila Assumpção. II. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Letras. III. Título. CDU 820(71)-95+820(73)-95 Autorizo, apenas para fins acadêmicos e científicos, a reprodução total ou parcial desta dissertação desde que citada a fonte __________________________ __________________ Assinatura Data Juliana Almeida Salles Empowering natives through autobiographical writing: Lee Maracle’s Bobbi Lee Indian Rebel and Leslie Marmon Silko’s The Turquoise Ledge: a Memoir Dissertação apresentada, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Área de concentração: Literaturas de Língua Inglesa. Aprovada em 02 de abril de 2014. Banca Examinadora: _____________________________________________ Profª. Dra. Leila Assumpção Harris (Orientadora) Instituto de Letras - UERJ _____________________________________________ Profª. Dra. Peônia Viana Guedes Instituto de Letras - UERJ _____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Luiz Manoel da Silva Oliveira Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFSJ Rio de Janeiro 2014 DEDICATION To my mother, Shirlei Belino de Almeida Salles. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanking is not an easy thing to do because many people tend to be left out. Before this happens, I apologize in advance. I would very much like to thank my advisor, Professor Leila Assumpção Harris, for the support and mainly patience throughout all these years. Leila has always been a role model to me when it comes to professional and academic issues, and that has deeply influenced me as a professional. Besides, when my duties made life overwhelming, she was there to show her support. Thank you, Leila! We’ve made it! I would also like to thank professor Peônia Guedes for her patience, her help and her willingness to provide material and advise me. And most importantly: always with a smile on her face. Peônia has also played a major role in these two years: she has helped me both academically and professionally, and showed me how to perfect my practices and improve. Thank you, Peônia! It all meant a lot to me! The other professors I had contact with during these two years were also of utmost importance. I would like to thank for their patience, support and advices professors Julio França, Maria Aparecida Salgueiro and Ana Lúcia Henriques. As friendship is crucial in our lives, the friends I’ve made in these two years must also be thanked. Thank you, Ana Luiza Sardenberg, for sharing with me these last months of apprehension, for the supporting text messages, as well as the phone calls. Now we can have our toast! We’ve made it! To Cristiane Vieira Cardaretti (Cris), my thanks for the support and the willingness to help whenever possible. To Alice Perini, thank you for listening and for letting me know that I was not alone. Lana Araujo, thank you for sharing with me your experiences and helping whenever possible. Thank you girls, you are also part of this dissertation. Without the love and support of my family this dissertation would not have been possible. Despite caring for my well-being, and advising me often to write later and spend more time having fun, my father, Aroldo Salles, has gladly driven me around to buy last-minute printer cartridges, as well as to hand in chapters and buy cake. My sister, Beatriz Salles, showed her respect for my work and was able to sleep while the lights were still on throughout the night. My mother, Shirlei Salles, the one who has always supported me, always cheered for me and believed I would succeed is the one I owe all this to. Ever since my schooldays, when life got hard, she fought hard and gave all she had so I could have the best education possible. There we went throughout the undergraduate course: she always believed I would make it through (even when I thought I would not). When I entered the master’s course, she was there to support and cheer for me no matter what, and on the hardest days, she was there to tell me that she knew I could do it. One of the greatest “thank yous” are to her. Mom, without you none of this would have been possible. Every little thing mattered. Since day one. Thank you. Last but not least, I would like to thank my editor, advisor, supporter, great listener, partner, critic and boyfriend, Luciano Cabral. Without our late-at-night conversations, I would never have been able to have gone so far. Thank you for your understanding, support and for being there ever since we decided we were going to go through all this together. You have played such an important role that I hope I can do the same for you. I Lost My Talk I lost my talk The talk you took away. When I was a little girl At Shubenacadie school. You snatched it away: I speak like you I think like you I create like you The scrambled ballad, about my word. Two ways I talk Both ways I say, Your way is more powerful. So gently I offer my hand and ask, Let me find my talk So I can teach you about me. Rita Joe RESUMO SALLES, Juliana Almeida. Empowering natives through autobiographical writing: Lee Maracle’s Bobbi Lee indian rebel and Leslie Marmon Silko’s The turquoise ledge: a memoir. 2014. 113 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Literaturas de Língua Inglesa) – Instituto de Letras, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2014. Esta dissertação trata de duas obras autobiográficas escritas por autoras nativas que ganharam reconhecimento na década de 70: Bobbi Lee Indian Rebel (1975), da nativo- canadense Lee Maracle, e The Turquoise Ledge: a Memoir (2010), da nativo-americana Leslie Marmon Silko. A importância destas autoras para a Renascença Nativo- Americana/Canadense é inegável, e cada uma delas contribuiu fazendo uso de estratégias diferentes: enquanto Maracle começou sua carreira com Bobbi Lee Indian Rebel, de cunho autobiográfico, Silko esperou mais de trinta anos para publicar The Turquoise Ledge. A problematização de se ver estas obras pelo olhar estritamente ocidental, ou estritamente nativo, é discutida, assim como o aparentemente inevitável tom político dessas narrativas. Ainda que mais de três décadas separem a publicação das obras selecionadas, perguntas como: “Estas obras podem ser consideradas literatura?”, “Elas têm como principal propósito engrandecer feitos pessoais das autoras?”, ou “Como essas narrativas contribuem para o empoderamento do povo Nativo?” podem nunca chegar a serem respondidas, mas, de fato, incitaram a escrita desta dissertação e nortearam nossa análise. Palavras-chave: Literatura nativo-canadense. Literatura nativo-americana. Empoderamento. Lee Maracle. Leslie Marmon Silko. ABSTRACT SALLES, Juliana Almeida. Empowering natives through autobiographical writing: Lee Maracle’s Bobbi Lee indian rebel and Leslie Marmon Silko’s The turquoise ledge: a memoir. 2014. 113f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Literaturas de Língua Inglesa) – Instituto de Letras, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2014. This dissertation brings to the fore two autobiographical works by Native women authors who first gained recognition in the 1970s: Bobbi Lee Indian Rebel (1975), by Native- Canadian Lee Maracle and The Turquoise Ledge: a Memoir (2010), by Native-American Leslie Marmon Silko. These women’s undeniable importance to the Native American/Canadian Renaissance is clear, and each of these authors decided to contribute to Native literature using different strategies: while Maracle started her career with Bobbi Lee Indian Rebel, an autobiographical work, Silko waited over thirty years to publish her The Turquoise Ledge. The problematization of seeing either works strictly through Western or strictly through Native perspectives is also addressed here, along with the apparently inevitable political tone present in both narratives. Despite the fact that the two selected works have been written over three decades apart, questions such as: “Can these works be considered literature?”, “Do they have as main purpose to highlight the authors’ personal accomplishments?” or “How do they work to
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