FIELD GUIDE to SANDY SHORES Table of Contents

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

FIELD GUIDE to SANDY SHORES Table of Contents LIFE IN THE SAND FIELD GUIDE TO SANDY SHORES Table of Contents SANDY SHORE INtroductioN......................1-2 SaNd..................................3 AdaptatioNs.......................4 Tides..................................5-6 MariNe Protected Areas.....7-8 IDENTIFICATION Field ID Card........9-10 ACTIVITIES GENERAL Sea, SaNd, Me!: Scholastic........................................................11-12 SAND ShiftiNg SaNds: NOAA..............................................................13-16 ADAPTATIONS Critter Card Games: MoNterey Bay Aquarium.........................17-24 MPAS MPA MigratioN: WILDCOAST...............................................25 HUMAN IMPACT MPA Detectives: Adapted from SaN Diego Zoo......................26-30 Sandy Shores SaNdy shores are areas where deposits of saNd or other sedimeNts cover the shoreliNe. To beachgoers, saNdy shores ofteN appear to be devoid of life, made up oNly of saNd, shells, aNd the occasioNal piece of driftwood. But iN reality, this dyNamic habitat is home to a diversity of species, each specially adapted for life above or below the saNd. These orgaNisms must coNteNd with pouNdiNg waves, chaNgiNg tides, aNd coNstaNtly shiftiNg saNd particles - Not to meNtioN people who love to visit aNd develop beaches! o r t Pearson Education, Inc. n i 1 There are maNy advaNtages of liviNg oN a saNdy shore iNcludiNg: Swash aNd tides supply food, oxygeN, aNd Key Words NutrieNts aNd carry away waste products. IN coNtrast with rocky shore habitats, ShoreliNe: The liNe where a body of water aNd the orgaNisms liviNg oN saNdy shores caN retreat shore meet. iNto the substratum iN order to avoid Beach: A deposit of loose material oN shores that is desiccatioN duriNg low tide. moved by waves, tides, curreNts, aNd wiNd. INtertidal ZoNe: The area betweeN high aNd low tides. High Tide: The tide wheN the water is at its highest level. Low Tide: The tide wheN the water is at its lowest level. AdaptatioN: A physical or behavioral chaNge that helps aN orgaNism survive iN its eNviroNmeNt. However, there are also maNy Swash: The rush of water up the shore after the breakiNg of a wave. challeNges of liviNg iN the iNtertidal: DesiccatioN: A state of extreme dryNess caused by proloNged periods of beiNg out of the water. SedimeNts are coNstaNtly shiftiNg due to wave eNergy, tidal fluctuatioNs, curreNts, aNd wiNd. OrgaNisms liviNg iN the iNtertidal sectioNs of a saNdy shore must deal with mariNe predators at high tide aNd terrestrial predators at low tide. OxygeN availability quickly decreases with sedimeNt depth. IN order to survive iN this dyNamic habitat, orgaNisms that live iN aNd oN saNdy shores have evolved a wide array of specialized adaptatioNs. 2 Sand We all kNow what saNd it...it is that stuff we play iN aNd build saNd castles with at the beach. It's the stuff that gets stuck betweeN our toes aNd fills our car after a fuN day iN the suN! Key Words SaNd is actually rather complex. It is made up of abiotic thiNgs such as small, loose pieces of rock, soil, aNd miNerals, as well as biotic thiNgs SaNd: GraNular material made up of such as shells. weathered rocks, miNerals, aNd shells. SaNd is formed wheN these larger items are weathered by waves, Abiotic: NoN-liviNg thiNgs. wiNd, raiN, or ice, thereby breakiNg them dowN iNto small graiNs. Biotic: LiviNg or oNce-liviNg thiNgs. SaNd caN be made up of maNy differeNt compouNds, such as quartz, calcium carboNate, or volcaNic fragmeNts. What the saNd is made up WeatheriNg: The process by which of determiNes its color. SaNd caN be white, taN, black, greeN, or eveN waves, wiNd, water, or gravity breaks piNk! thiNgs dowN iNto smaller pieces. Each beach is made up of more graiNs of saNd thaN we caN eveN imagiNe! For example, if you take a 30 secoNd walk oN the beach, you have already walked over trillioNs of graiNs of saNd! d Watch It: The AmaziNg Life of SaNd - Deep Look by KPBS n https://youtu.be/VkrQ9QuKprE Explore It: BriNg a sample of saNd to class. Have studeNts look at a the sample with a magNifyiNg glass or uNder a microscope. Have them try to sort aNd/or ideNtify what they see! s 3 Adaptations To deal with the challeNges of liviNg oN a saNdy shore, orgaNisms have developed a wide array of adaptatioNs. s n THREAT: SaNd aNd water are iN o coNstaNt motioN i ADAPTATIONS: MaNy saNdy shore creatures are expert burrowers aNd dig dowN iNto the saNd to avoid beiNg washed t away by waves. WheN wave eNergy gets too high, clams use a powerful foot to quickly burrow to safety. They will wait uNtil the tide chaNges aNd the sea is more a calm, theN come out to eat. THREAT: PredatioN from terrestrial t species (birds aNd mammals) ADAPTATIONS: BurrowiNg iNto the saNd caN also help creatures avoid beiNg eateN. Mole crabs like to feed oN tiNy p plaNktoN iN the swash, theN burrow dowN iNto the saNd as the water recedes so that they woN’t be picked off by a sea bird. Ingrid Taylor THREAT: OxygeN levels are very low a withiN the saNd aNd sedimeNt ADAPTATIONS: MaNy orgaNisms that live iN aNd oN saNdy shores are able to use oxygeN very efficieNtly, meaNiNg that a d little bit of oxygeN goes a loNg way. These creatures are able to use a small amouNt of oxygeN to create eNough eNergy to keep them alive. a 4 Tides Tides are are the periodic risiNg aNd falliNg of oceaN water that occur at regular iNtervals because of the gravitatioNal pulls of the suN aNd Key Words the mooN. Tides seem to make the water creep up the beach with each iNcomiNg wave for part of the day uNtil it reaches a so-called “high Tides: The periodic risiNg aNd falliNg of tide liNe” aNd theN retreat back dowN the beach iN the same maNNer. oceaN water that results from the The height of tides is determiNed by the positioNs of the Earth, suN, gravitatioNal pulls of the suN aNd the aNd mooN. The gravitatioNal pulls of the suN aNd the mooN pull the mooN. oceaN water toward them, so the Earth will experieNce high tides oN the sides of the Earth closest to the suN aNd the mooN. SiNce the mooN Neap Tide: The weak tide created wheN revolves arouNd the Earth, the Earth revolves arouNd the suN, aNd the suN aNd mooN are at a right aNgle Earth rotates oN its owN axis the distaNces aNd relative positioN of each with the Earth. of these are coNstaNtly chaNgiNg. DepeNdiNg oN the distaNces of the suN, Earth, aNd mooN the tides may be higher or lower aNd the curreNts SpriNg Tide: The stroNg tide created stroNger or weaker. wheN the suN aNd mooN aligN with the Earth. Tide Chart/Tide Table: A graph used to represeNt predicted high aNd low tides over a set period of time at a specific locatioN. For example, wheN the suN aNd the mooN are at a right aNgle with the earth, a pheNomeNa kNowN as a Neap tide, their gravitatioNal pulls partially caNcel each other out creatiNg weaker tides. WheN the suN aNd mooN aligN with the Earth, called a spriNg tide, their s gravitatioNal pulls combiNe creatiNg stroNger tides. SiNce the suN is 360 times further from the Earth thaN the mooN, the gravitatioNal pull of the mooN is twice as powerful as the pull of the suN. The Earth aNd the mooN revolve arouNd a commoN poiNt every 27.3 days creatiNg a tidal cycle that repeats approximately every 27.3 days. e d i t 5 There are two high tides aNd two low tides each day which, because of the aNgle of the mooN to the Earth, may Not be of equal height. Tide heights may also differ from day to day due to the chaNgiNg distaNce betweeN the Earth aNd the mooN. The timiNg aNd height of each high aNd low tide are predictable aNd aNy fluctuatioNs may be measured by scieNtists aNd used to track hurricaNes aNd wiNter storms. Tides are reported iN a tide chart or tide table which shows the predicted water level at a specific locatioN over a certaiN period of time. Water levels are portrayed as a wave with time aNd date oN the x-axis aNd water level oN the y-axis. The crests of the wave represeNt the high tides, while the troughs represeNt the low tides. To determiNe what the water level will be at a giveN time fiNd the date aNd time oN the bottom of the chart, trace up to the tide liNe, aNd theN look to the left side of the chart. Tide charts are specific to a certaiN time period, so New tide charts are issued regularly. Tide charts for the UNited States may be fouNd through NOAA: https://tidesaNdcurreNts.Noaa.gov/tide_predictioNs.html Tide charts iN Mexico may be fouNd through UNAM: http://www.mareografico.uNam.mx/portal/iNdex.php?page=EstacioNes s e d i t 6 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) CaliforNia’s coastal aNd mariNe ecosystems are some of the most icoNic aNd treasured resources iN the state aNd coNtribute greatly to the history, ideNtity, aNd ecoNomy of the area. UNfortuNately these same ecosystems are also some of the most exploited aNd without proper care the loNg-term health of these resources is iN jeopardy. RecogNiziNg the Need to safeguard CaliforNia’s coastal aNd mariNe ecosystems the state legislature passed the MariNe s Life ProtectioN Act iN 1999. This act aimed to protect CaliforNia’s precious mariNe resources by creatiNg a statewide Network of mariNe protected areas (MPAs). DesigNed to protect the diversity aNd abuNdaNce of mariNe life while still maiNtaiNiNg recreatioNal access for people, MPAs Now protect over sixteeN perceNt, or 850 miles, of the CaliforNia coast.
Recommended publications
  • Genomics and Mapping of Teleostei (Bony fish)
    Comparative and Functional Genomics Comp Funct Genom 2003; 4: 182–193. Published online 1 April 2003 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/cfg.259 Featured Organism Genomics and mapping of Teleostei (bony fish) Melody S. Clark* HGMP Resource Centre, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB2 4PP, UK *Correspondence to: Abstract Melody S. Clark, HGMP Resource Centre, Genome Until recently, the Human Genome Project held centre stage in the press releases Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge concerning sequencing programmes. However, in October 2001, it was announced CB2 4PP, UK. that the Japanese puffer fish (Takifugu rubripes, Fugu) was the second vertebrate E-mail: [email protected] organism to be sequenced to draft quality. Briefly, the spotlight was on fish genomes. There are currently two other fish species undergoing intensive sequencing, the green spotted puffer fish (Tetraodon nigroviridis) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio). But this trio are, in many ways, atypical representations of the current state of fish genomic research. The aim of this brief review is to demonstrate the complexity of fish as a Received: 10 November 2002 group of vertebrates and to publicize the ‘lesser-known’ species, all of which have Revised: 5 December 2002 something to offer. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Accepted: 28 January 2003 Keywords: Teleostei; fish; genomics; BACs; sequencing; aquaculture Background the wild-caught fisheries production figures. The equivalents within the EU are trout, Atlantic Fish have the potential to be immensely useful salmon and sea bass/bream for aquaculture; model organisms in medical research, as evidenced with herring, mackerel and sprat for wild-caught by the genomic sequencing programmes mentioned fisheries.
    [Show full text]
  • California Saltwater Sport Fishing Regulations
    2017–2018 CALIFORNIA SALTWATER SPORT FISHING REGULATIONS For Ocean Sport Fishing in California Effective March 1, 2017 through February 28, 2018 13 2017–2018 CALIFORNIA SALTWATER SPORT FISHING REGULATIONS Groundfish Regulation Tables Contents What’s New for 2017? ............................................................. 4 24 License Information ................................................................ 5 Sport Fishing License Fees ..................................................... 8 Keeping Up With In-Season Groundfish Regulation Changes .... 11 Map of Groundfish Management Areas ...................................12 Summaries of Recreational Groundfish Regulations ..................13 General Provisions and Definitions ......................................... 20 General Ocean Fishing Regulations ��������������������������������������� 24 Fin Fish — General ................................................................ 24 General Ocean Fishing Fin Fish — Minimum Size Limits, Bag and Possession Limits, and Seasons ......................................................... 24 Fin Fish—Gear Restrictions ................................................... 33 Invertebrates ........................................................................ 34 34 Mollusks ............................................................................34 Crustaceans .......................................................................36 Non-commercial Use of Marine Plants .................................... 38 Marine Protected Areas and Other
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Bulletin No. 109. the Barred Surfperch (Amphistichus Argenteus Agassiz) in Southern California
    UC San Diego Fish Bulletin Title Fish Bulletin No. 109. The Barred Surfperch (Amphistichus argenteus Agassiz) in Southern California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9fh0623k Authors Carlisle, John G, Jr. Schott, Jack W Abramson, Norman J Publication Date 1960 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME MARINE RESOURCES OPERATIONS FISH BULLETIN No. 109 The Barred Surfperch (Amphistichus argenteus Agassiz) in Southern Califor- nia By JOHN G. CARLISLE, JR., JACK W. SCHOTT and NORMAN J. ABRAMSON 1960 1 2 3 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Surf Fishing Investigation received a great deal of help in the conduct of its field work. The arduous task of beach seining all year around was shared by many members of the California State Fisheries Laboratory staff; we are particularly grateful to Mr. Parke H. Young and Mr. John L. Baxter for their willing and continued help throughout the years. Mr. Frederick B. Hagerman was project leader for the first year of the investigation, until his recall into the Air Force, and he gave the project an excellent start. Many others gave help and advice, notably Mr. John E. Fitch, Mr. Phil M. Roedel, Mr. David C. Joseph, and Dr. F. N. Clark of this laboratory. Dr. Carl L. Hubbs of Scripps Institution of Oceanography at La Jolla gave valuable advice, and we are indebted to the late Mr. Conrad Limbaugh of the same institution for accounts of his observations on surf fishes, and for SCUBA diving instructions. The project was fortunate in securing able seasonal help, particularly from Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • SIMA Environmental Fund 2016 Year End Reports
    SIMA Environmental Fund 2016 Year End Reports SIMA Environmental Fund 27831 La Paz Road Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 Phone: 949.366.1164 Fax: 949.454.1406 www.sima.com 2016 YEAR END REPORTS 5 Gyres Institute Assateague Coastal Trust Clean Ocean Action Heal the Bay North Shore Community Land Trust Ocean Institute Orange County Coastkeeper Paso Pacifico Reef Check Santa Barbara Channelkeeper Save the Waves Seymour Marine Discovery Center Surfers Against Sewage Surfing Education Association Surfrider Foundation Wildcoast Wishtoyo Foundation 2016 YEAR END REPORT 5 Gyres Institute 2016 SIMA ENVIRONMENTAL FUND YEAR END REPORT Organization: 5 Gyres Institute Contact Person: Haley Haggerstone Title: Development and Partnerships Director Purpose of Grant: SIMA Environmental Fund Grant in 2016 supported the expansion of the Ambassador program. Briefly describe the specific purpose and goal for your 2016 SIMA Environmental Fund grant. The Ambassador program is designed to educate and empower 5 Gyres’ global network of supporters to take action against plastic pollution in their communities. Ambassadors are volunteers who are provided with a solid background on plastic pollution science, policy, and solutions. This knowledge is coupled with training and tools to help Ambassadors reduce their plastic footprint and inspire their communities to do the same. The Ambassador program allows 5 Gyres small, but mighty team to have a greater impact on our mission to empower action against the global health crisis of plastic pollution. To what degree were these goals and objectives achieved? If not fully met, what factors affected the success of the project? 5 Gyres Ambassador program launched in 2015 and has grown exponentially ever since, which shows awareness about the plastic pollution issue is increasing and people want to be a part of the solution.
    [Show full text]
  • Volunteer Field Guide
    O R G A N I K A VOLUNTEER L I F E S T Y L E C E N T E R FIELD GUIDE S A N D I E G O C O U N T Y W I L D C O A S T . O R G / M P A W A T C H VOLUNTEER FIELD THE ULTIMATE GUIDE N O TABLE OF CONTENTS I T C 1. Introduction to Marine Protected Area (MPA) Watch U D 2. MPA Watch Goals O 3. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) R T 4. Map of San Diego County MPAs N I 5. WILDCOAST's Role in Designating MPAs FIELD RESOURCES 6. How to Conduct a Survey 7. MPA Watch Datasheet 8-9. Activity Reference Guide Survey Sites 10-15. Encinitas 16-20. La Jolla 21-25. South La Jolla 26-30. Imperial Beach L S E A 31-32. Information Management System (IMS) for Volunteers C N R O 33-34. How to Enter Data in the IMS I U T I O 35-37. Frequently Asked Questions S D E 38. Local Emergency Response D R A MARINE PROTECTED AREA (MPA) WATCH is a network of programs that support healthy oceans through community science by collecting human use data in and around our protected areas. In San Diego Co., MPA Watch is managed by WILDCOAST. WILDCOAST is an international team that conserves coastal and marine ecosystems and wildlife by: Establishing and managing protected areas. Advancing conservation policy. Directly engaging communities in scientific monitoring and conservation. 1 MPA Watch Goals To help determine how effective MPAs are at meeting their goal of enhancing recreational activities by tracking changes and trends of human use over time.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix E: Fish Species List
    Appendix F. Fish Species List Common Name Scientific Name American shad Alosa sapidissima arrow goby Clevelandia ios barred surfperch Amphistichus argenteus bat ray Myliobatis californica bay goby Lepidogobius lepidus bay pipefish Syngnathus leptorhynchus bearded goby Tridentiger barbatus big skate Raja binoculata black perch Embiotoca jacksoni black rockfish Sebastes melanops bonehead sculpin Artedius notospilotus brown rockfish Sebastes auriculatus brown smoothhound Mustelus henlei cabezon Scorpaenichthys marmoratus California halibut Paralichthys californicus California lizardfish Synodus lucioceps California tonguefish Symphurus atricauda chameleon goby Tridentiger trigonocephalus cheekspot goby Ilypnus gilberti chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha curlfin sole Pleuronichthys decurrens diamond turbot Hypsopsetta guttulata dwarf perch Micrometrus minimus English sole Pleuronectes vetulus green sturgeon* Acipenser medirostris inland silverside Menidia beryllina jacksmelt Atherinopsis californiensis leopard shark Triakis semifasciata lingcod Ophiodon elongatus longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys night smelt Spirinchus starksi northern anchovy Engraulis mordax Pacific herring Clupea pallasi Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata Pacific pompano Peprilus simillimus Pacific sanddab Citharichthys sordidus Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax Pacific staghorn sculpin Leptocottus armatus Pacific tomcod Microgadus proximus pile perch Rhacochilus vacca F-1 plainfin midshipman Porichthys notatus rainwater killifish Lucania parva river lamprey Lampetra
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental DNA Reveals the Fine-Grained and Hierarchical
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Environmental DNA reveals the fne‑grained and hierarchical spatial structure of kelp forest fsh communities Thomas Lamy 1,2*, Kathleen J. Pitz 3, Francisco P. Chavez3, Christie E. Yorke1 & Robert J. Miller1 Biodiversity is changing at an accelerating rate at both local and regional scales. Beta diversity, which quantifes species turnover between these two scales, is emerging as a key driver of ecosystem function that can inform spatial conservation. Yet measuring biodiversity remains a major challenge, especially in aquatic ecosystems. Decoding environmental DNA (eDNA) left behind by organisms ofers the possibility of detecting species sans direct observation, a Rosetta Stone for biodiversity. While eDNA has proven useful to illuminate diversity in aquatic ecosystems, its utility for measuring beta diversity over spatial scales small enough to be relevant to conservation purposes is poorly known. Here we tested how eDNA performs relative to underwater visual census (UVC) to evaluate beta diversity of marine communities. We paired UVC with 12S eDNA metabarcoding and used a spatially structured hierarchical sampling design to assess key spatial metrics of fsh communities on temperate rocky reefs in southern California. eDNA provided a more‑detailed picture of the main sources of spatial variation in both taxonomic richness and community turnover, which primarily arose due to strong species fltering within and among rocky reefs. As expected, eDNA detected more taxa at the regional scale (69 vs. 38) which accumulated quickly with space and plateaued at only ~ 11 samples. Conversely, the discovery rate of new taxa was slower with no sign of saturation for UVC.
    [Show full text]
  • Fertilization Selection on Egg and Jelly-Coat Size in the Sand Dollar Dendraster Excentricus
    Evolution, 55(12), 2001, pp. 2479±2483 FERTILIZATION SELECTION ON EGG AND JELLY-COAT SIZE IN THE SAND DOLLAR DENDRASTER EXCENTRICUS DON R. LEVITAN1,2 AND STACEY D. IRVINE2 1Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1100 2Bam®eld Marine Station, Bam®eld, British Columbia VOR 1B0, Canada Abstract. Organisms with external fertilization are often sperm limited, and in echinoids, larger eggs have a higher probability of fertilization than smaller eggs. This difference is thought to be a result of the more frequent sperm- egg collisions experienced by larger targets. Here we report how two components of egg target size, the egg cell and jelly coat, contributed to fertilization success in a selection experiment. We used a cross-sectional analysis of correlated characters to estimate the selection gradients on egg and jelly-coat size in ®ve replicate male pairs of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus. Results indicated that eggs with larger cells and jelly coats were preferentially fertilized under sperm limitation in the laboratory. The selection gradients were an average of 922% steeper for egg than for jelly- coat size. The standardized selection gradients for egg and jelly-coat size were similar. Our results suggest that fertilization selection can act on both egg-cell and jelly-coat size but that an increase in egg-cell volume is much more likely to increase fertilization success than an equal change in jelly-coat volume. The strengths of the selection gradients were inversely related to the correlation of egg traits across replicate egg clutches. This result suggests the importance of replication in studies of selection of correlated characters.
    [Show full text]
  • Developmental Effects of Predator Cues on Dendraster Excentricus Larvae
    Running head: Developmental Effects of Predator Cues on Dendraster excentricus Larvae Developmental Effects of Predator Cues on Dendraster excentricus Larvae: The Effects of Pugettia producta Effluent and Crustacean Dominant Plankton Effluent Claudia Mateo University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories Developmental Effects of Predator Cues on Dendraster excentricus Larvae Mateo 1 Abstract Previous findings supporting increased cloning in Dendraster excentricus (D. excentricus) larvae as a response to predator cues, in particular fish slime. Such findings report a “visual predator hypothesis”, suggesting that the larvae clone in order to become smaller and thereby avoid visual predators and possibly even non-visual predators. The experiment reported here builds upon earlier findings by studying the exposure of D. excentricus larvae to a kelp crab effluent (using Pugettia producta) and a crustacean dominant plankton effluent. Individual larvae were exposed to one of three treatments: the kelp crab effluent, plankton effluent, or filtered sea water, for approximately 66 hours. After this period, number of clones, number of larval arms, and the rudiment stage of each larvae was determined. Linear modeling showed significant results when comparing the kelp crab treatment to the control for cloning (p=0.024) and rudiment stage (p= 0.032); they also displayed significant differences for larval arm stage when comparing both the kelp crab effluent treatment (p= <0.001) and plankton effluent treatment (p= <0.001) to the control. These findings may support the visual predator theory, depending on whether D. excentricus larvae are able to differentiate predator cues, and, if so, to what specificity. Developmental Effects of Predator Cues on Dendraster excentricus Larvae Mateo 2 Introduction Dendraster excentricus (D.
    [Show full text]
  • MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL Huge Divide Remains Between San Diego and Tijuana on Many Fronts, but Vows by Filner to Push Better Partnership Have Reawakened Visions
    MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL Huge divide remains between San Diego and Tijuana on many fronts, but vows by Filner to push better partnership have reawakened visions By Sandra Dibble12:01 a.m.Jan. 27, 2013Updated10:25 p.m.Jan. 25, 2013 • Print Save Comments 6 A joint economy that creates more jobs on both sides of the border. A binational hub of technological, cultural and culinary innovation. An ever-closer collaboration on shared water resources. A united regional voice that echoes loudly in Washington, D.C., and Mexico City. These are the dreams of people pushing for stronger ties between Tijuana and San Diego. Despite numerous efforts over the years, the two cities have remained distant neighbors on many fronts. Following a difficult decade that saw tighter U.S. security measures, drug violence in Mexico, a drop in U.S. visitors to Baja California and an economic downturn on both sides, vows by San Diego Mayor Bob Filner to boost binational ties have reawakened visions of the region’s myriad possibilities. “There is an enormous potential for connections that have not been made, of ties that haven’t been woven,” said Tonatiuh Guillén López, president of Colegio de la Frontera Norte, a Tijuana- based think tank with offices along Mexico’s northern border. “San Diego and Tijuana have a shared destiny,” said Teddy Cruz, co-director of the Center for Urban Ecologies at UC San Diego. The region must be re-imagined, he said, “not only through issues of security, but through shared natural and socioeconomic resources.” Above all, there must be “a culture shift,” said Diane Takvorian of the San Diego-based Environmental Health Coalition, which has projects in both countries.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Global Assessment of the Status of Exploited Marine Fish and Invertebrate Populations
    A PRELIMINARY GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF EXPLOITED MARINE FISH AND INVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS June 30 2018 A PRELIMINARY GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF EXPLOITED MARINE FISH AND INVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS Maria. L.D. Palomares, Rainer Froese, Brittany Derrick, Simon-Luc Nöel, Gordon Tsui Jessika Woroniak Daniel Pauly A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA June 30, 2018 A PRELIMINARY GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF EXPLOITED MARINE FISH AND INVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS Maria L.D. Palomares1, Rainer Froese2, Brittany Derrick1, Simon-Luc Nöel1, Gordon Tsui1, Jessika Woroniak1 and Daniel Pauly1 CITE AS: Palomares MLD, Froese R, Derrick B, Nöel S-L, Tsui G, Woroniak J, Pauly D (2018) A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. 1 Sea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T1Z4 Canada 2 Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research GEOMAR, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 − Reconstructed catches vs official catches 3 − Marine Ecoregions vs EEZs 3 − The CMSY method 5 Results and Discussion 7 − Stock summaries reports 9 − Problematic stocks and sources of bias 14 − Stocks in the countries where OCEANA operates 22 − Stock assessments on the Sea Around Us website 31 − The next steps 32 Acknowledgements 33 References 34 Appendices I. List of marine ecoregions by EEZ 37 II. Summaries of number of stock by region and 49 by continent III.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial and Marine Biological Resource Information
    APPENDIX C Terrestrial and Marine Biological Resource Information Appendix C1 Resource Agency Coordination Appendix C2 Marine Biological Resources Report APPENDIX C1 RESOURCE AGENCY COORDINATION 1 The ICF terrestrial biological team coordinated with relevant resource agencies to discuss 2 sensitive biological resources expected within the terrestrial biological study area (BSA). 3 A summary of agency communications and site visits is provided below. 4 California Department of Fish and Wildlife: On July 30, 2020, ICF held a conference 5 call with Greg O’Connell (Environmental Scientist) and Corianna Flannery (Environmental 6 Scientist) to discuss Project design and potential biological concerns regarding the 7 Eureka Subsea Fiber Optic Cables Project (Project). Mr. O’Connell discussed the 8 importance of considering the western bumble bee. Ms. Flannery discussed the 9 importance of the hard ocean floor substrate and asked how the cable would be secured 10 to the ocean floor to reduce or eliminate scour. The western bumble bee has been 11 evaluated in the Biological Resources section of the main document, and direct and 12 indirect impacts are avoided. The Project Description describes in detail how the cable 13 would be installed on the ocean floor, the importance of the hard bottom substrate, and 14 the need for avoidance. 15 Consultation Outcomes: 16 • The Project was designed to avoid hard bottom substrate, and RTI Infrastructure 17 (RTI) conducted surveys of the ocean floor to ensure that proper routing of the 18 cable would occur. 19 • Ms. Flannery will be copied on all communications with the National Marine 20 Fisheries Service 21 California Department of Fish and Wildlife: On August 7, 2020, ICF held a conference 22 call with Greg O’Connell to discuss a site assessment and survey approach for the 23 western bumble bee.
    [Show full text]