DOCSLIB.ORG

NIGERIA ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FINAL REPORT April 2002

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NIGERIA ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FINAL REPORT April 2002 NIGERIA ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FINAL REPORT under USAID Contract No. LAG-I-00-99-00013-00 Biodiversity and Sustainable Forestry (BIOFOR) Indefinite Quantity Contract (IQC) Submitted by: ARD, Inc. 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Burlington, Vermont 05401 telephone: (802) 658-3890 fax: (802) 658-4247 email: [email protected] April 2002 Acknowledgements Nigeria is a tremendous varied and complex country with a significant endowment of natural resources. Attempting to describe the “state of the environment” and to provide an informed analysis of the threats to the nation’s natural resources is a Herculean task. The Environmental Analysis (EA) Team believes that it has made a contribution in this regard and provided at least a snapshot of what the major environmental issues and threats are today. This contribution has relied heavily on the assistance of others—public servants, private institutions and companies, NGOs, a multitude of individuals—from across the country. We were greatly encouraged by the spirit in which we were received and the help and guidance provided by so many. We are especially indebted to the staff of USAID/Nigeria who provided us with assistance at every step while we were in Nigeria. We would especially like to thank Dr. Ravi Aulakh, the Program Economist and SO2 Team Leader for her guidance and assistance with all phases of our assignment; Mssrs. Nduka Okaro and Abdulkadir Gudugi who accompanied us on our field visits and provided invaluable networking assistance and background on the agricultural sector; Mr. John Brodman for not only tolerating us while we shared his office space, but also provided valuable insights about the energy sector and critical editorial comment; and also to Ms. Happiness Enere and Ms. Sherifat Somotun for their logistical and administrative assistance whenever we were at the USAID office. We are also grateful for the time spent and the commentary provided on drafts of this report by all of the reviewers in USAID/Nigeria and USAID/Washington. On our visits to the field we came in contact with more than one hundred people who assisted us with our task. With are especially grateful to Dyno Keatinge at IITA, Dr. Festus Akindele and Dr. Wilson Eed of Geomatics who provided us with some of the maps used in this report as well as access to recent environmental reports, to Tony Bassey of NCF in Calabar for unselfish assistance beyond the call of duty, and to Mr. Tim Adkins of Savanna Conservation who contributed generously with his time, insights, and knowledge of Nigeria’s natural environment. The cast was large and most helpful each step of the way, and each one a valuable contributor to the information reported and analyzed in this volume. Nigeria Environmental Analysis (USAID BIOFOR IQC No. LAG-I-00-99-00013-00) i Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................................................i LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND BOXES................................................................................................v ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... VI PART I NIGERIA ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 1.0 BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................1 2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................2 2.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 FINDINGS .................................................................................................................................................. 2 3.0 PURPOSE AND APPROACH.............................................................................................................7 4.0 THE NIGERIAN CONTEXT .............................................................................................................9 4.1 BIOPHYSICAL ............................................................................................................................................ 9 4.2 SOCIOECONOMIC..................................................................................................................................... 10 4.3 LEGAL/POLITICAL................................................................................................................................... 11 5.0 CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 14 5.1 CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.................................................. 14 5.2 THE FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................................ 15 5.2.1 The Federal Legislative Framework for Environmental Management ......................................... 15 5.2.2 The State Legislative Framework for Environmental Management.............................................. 16 5.2.3 The Local Government Legislative Framework for Environmental Management ........................ 17 5.3 THE JUDICIAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ........................................................... 17 5.4 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES...................................................................................... 18 6.0 INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .............20 6.1 FEDERAL INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................. 20 6.1.1 Federal Ministry of Environment/Policy on the Environment....................................................... 21 6.1.2 Other Federal Institutions Playing Important Roles in Environmental Management................... 23 6.1.3 Sectoral GFRN Agencies and Policies .......................................................................................... 23 6.2 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS TO SUPPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION............................................................................... 24 6.2.1 State Government Institutional and Policy Framework for Environmental Management and Protection...................................................................................................................................... 24 6.2.2 Local Government Institutional and Policy Framework for Environmental Management and Protection...................................................................................................................................... 24 6.3 CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT................................... 25 6.4 PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............................... 25 6.5 UNIVERSITIES.......................................................................................................................................... 27 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS AND THREATS .................................................................................29 BLUE............................................................................................................................................................... 30 7.1 FRESHWATER RESOURCES ...................................................................................................................... 30 7.2 COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES ....................................................................................................... 32 BROWN .......................................................................................................................................................... 33 7.3 AIR QUALITY .......................................................................................................................................... 33 7.3.1 Transportation-Related Air Pollution ........................................................................................... 35 7.3.2 Air Pollution from Stationary Sources .......................................................................................... 36 7.3.3 Air Quality Monitoring.................................................................................................................. 39 7.3.4 Health Effects of Air Quality Pollutants........................................................................................ 40 7.3.5 Suggested Actions to Improve Air Quality .................................................................................... 41 7.4 URBAN WATER RESOURCES ................................................................................................................... 41 Source of Urban Water Supply ................................................................................................................... 42 7.4.1 Water Quality Measurement.......................................................................................................... 43 7.4.2 Drinking Water Treatment ............................................................................................................ 43 Nigeria Environmental Analysis (USAID BIOFOR IQC No. LAG-I-00-99-00013-00) ii 7.5 URBAN AND MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ...................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 12.2% 122,000 135M Top 1% 154 4,800
    We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 4,800 122,000 135M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 154 TOP 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Chapter 2 Mangrove Species Distribution and Composition, Adaptive Strategies and Ecosystem Services in the Niger River Delta, Nigeria Aroloye O. NumbereAroloye O. Numbere Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79028 Abstract Mangroves of the Niger River Delta grade into several plant communities from land to sea. This mangrove is a biodiversity hot spot, and one of the richest in ecosystem services in the world, but due to lack of data it is often not mentioned in many global mangrove stud- ies. Inland areas are sandy and mostly inhabited by button wood mangroves ( Conocarpus erectus) and grass species while seaward areas are mostly inhabited by red (Rhizophora rac- emosa), black (Laguncularia racemosa) and white (Avicennia germinans) mangroves species. Anthropogenic activities such as oil and gas exploration, deforestation, dredging, urban- ization and invasive nypa palms had changed the soil type from swampy to sandy mud soil. Muddy soil supports nypa palms while sandy soil supports different grass species, core mangrove soil supports red mangroves (R.
    [Show full text]
  • Nigeria Biodiversity and Tropical Forestry Assessment
    NIGERIA BIODIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTRY ASSESSMENT MAXIMIZING AGRICULTURAL REVENUE IN KEY ENTERPRISES FOR TARGETED SITES (MARKETS) June 2008 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. Cover photo: Harvested hardwood logs near Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Cross River State (Photo by Pat Foster-Turley) NIGERIA BIODIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTRY ASSESSMENT MAXIMIZING AGRICULTURAL REVENUE IN KEY ENTERPRISES FOR TARGETED SITES (MARKETS) Contract No. 620-C-00-05-00077-00 The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... vii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 1 Section I: Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3 Section II: Major Ecosystems ............................................................................................. 5 Savanna, Grassland and the Arid North .................................................................. 5 Forests ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Potentials and Threats
    Biodiversity International Journal Review Article Open Access Ecosystem of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: Potentials and Threats Abstract Volume 2 Issue 4 - 2018 The Niger Delta region has several ecosystems that play essential role for the Sylvester Chibueze Izah sustenance of the different habitats and life forms in the area. Some of the notable Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, ecosystem includes freshwater swamp forest, lowland rainforest, mangroves forest Nigeria etc. In recent time, the rate of deforestation, excessive hunting of wildlife, bush burning, and intensive agricultural practices has increased in the region. This study Correspondence: Sylvester Chibueze Izah, Department of reviews the potentials and threats of Niger Delta ecosystem region of Nigeria. The Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, study found that the rate of deforestation and other human activities in the area is Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Tel +234 7030192466 having an impact on the various ecosystems in the Niger Delta. These impacts could be Email [email protected] affecting biodiversity of the area including mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, etc with regard to species diversity and population status. Furthermore, other role played Received: April 19, 2018 | Published: July 26, 2018 by the various ecosystem including source of medicinal plants, spawning ground for fisheries, breeding and nestling ground for migratory birds, shoreline protection, habitats for wildlife, among others
    [Show full text]
  • Global Journal of Human Social Science Are Emitted Into the Atmosphere
    Online ISSN : 2249-460X Print ISSN : 0975-587X Global Climatic Change The Mangrove Ecosystem Oil Pollution and Water Quality Spectral Characteristics and Mapping VOLUME 14 ISSUE 6 VERSION 1.0 Global Journal of Human-Social Science: B Geography Geo -Sciences, Environmental & D isaster M anagment Global Journal of Human-Social Science: B Geography Geo -Sciences, Environmental & D isaster M anagment Volume 14 Issue 6 (Ver. 1.0) Open Association of Research Society Global Journals Inc. *OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ (A Delaware USA Incorporation with “Good Standing”; Reg. Number: 0423089) Sponsors:Open Association of Research Society Social Sciences. 2014. Open Scientific Standards $OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG 7KLVLVDVSHFLDOLVVXHSXEOLVKHGLQYHUVLRQ Publisher’s Headquarters office RI³*OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO 6FLHQFHV´%\*OREDO-RXUQDOV,QF Global Journals Headquarters $OODUWLFOHVDUHRSHQDFFHVVDUWLFOHVGLVWULEXWHG 301st Edgewater Place Suite, 100 Edgewater Dr.-Pl, XQGHU³*OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO 6FLHQFHV´ Wakefield MASSACHUSETTS, Pin: 01880, 5HDGLQJ/LFHQVHZKLFKSHUPLWVUHVWULFWHGXVH United States of America (QWLUHFRQWHQWVDUHFRS\ULJKWE\RI³*OREDO USA Toll Free: +001-888-839-7392 -RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO6FLHQFHV´XQOHVV USA Toll Free Fax: +001-888-839-7392 RWKHUZLVHQRWHGRQVSHFLILFDUWLFOHV 1RSDUWRIWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQPD\EHUHSURGXFHG Offset Typesetting RUWUDQVPLWWHGLQDQ\IRUPRUE\DQ\PHDQV HOHFWURQLFRUPHFKDQLFDOLQFOXGLQJ Global Journals Incorporated SKRWRFRS\UHFRUGLQJRUDQ\LQIRUPDWLRQ 2nd, Lansdowne, Lansdowne Rd., Croydon-Surrey, VWRUDJHDQGUHWULHYDOV\VWHPZLWKRXWZULWWHQ SHUPLVVLRQ Pin:
    [Show full text]
  • Petroleum, Pollution and Poverty in the Niger Delta
    NIGERIA: PETROLEUM, POLLUTION AND POVERTY IN THE NIGER DELTA Amnesty International is a global movement of 2.2 million people in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion – funded mainly by our membership and public donations. Amnesty International Publications First published in 2009 by Amnesty International Publications International Secretariat Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org © Amnesty International Publications 2009 Front cover photo : The impact of oil pollution in Ikot Ada Index: AFR 44/017/2009 Udo, Akwa Ibom State, Niger Delta, Nigeria, 30 January Original language: English 2008. © Kadir van Lohuizen Printed by Amnesty International, Back cover photos from top : Oil at Ikarama, Bayelsa International Secretariat, United Kingdom State, March 2008, eight months after the spill. There are often long delays in clearing up after oil spills in the All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but Niger Delta. © Amnesty International; The effects of an may be reproduced by any method without fee for oil spill on water near the community of Goi, Ogoniland, advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not January 2008. The spill occurred six months earlier in for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use July 2007. © Kadir van Lohuizen; A gas flare at Ughelli be registered with them for impact assessment purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Shell and the Changing Legal Landscape for the Multinational Oil Industry in the Niger Delta
    Corporate Liability in a New Setting: Shell and the Changing Legal Landscape for the Multinational Oil Industry in the Niger Delta Essex Business and Human Rights Project CORPORATE LIABILITY IN A NEW SETTING: SHELL AND THE CHANGING LEGAL LANDSCAPE FOR THE MULTINATIONAL OIL INDUSTRY IN THE NIGER DELTA 1 BY THE ESSEX BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS PROJECT REPORT 1 Sheldon Leader, David Ong, Tara Van Ho, Anil Yilmaz, Sabine Michalowski, Ulisses Netto, Rosemary Danesi and Beata Wlodarczak. 1 Acknowledgements The Essex Business and Human Rights Project (the EBHR) would like to thank all those contributed to the drafting of this report. Its completion would not have been possible without their support . Members of the 2010-2011 academic year Essex Human Rights Clinic Corporate Veil Project, Annalisa Paucillo, Andrés Zaragoza, Antonio Gerardi, Genevieve Sauberli, Giovanni Stanghellini, Indiana Jimenez Guerrero, Naomi Kodaira, Sarah French, and Yu Suzuki, have kindly assisted with their excellent research skills in the areas of; environmental law; bribery and corruption; and corporate law. Wessen Jazrawi has assisted with the research on the subject of employers’ vicarious liability. The assistance provided by EBHR frontrunners Douglas Kerr and Sara Hourani with the development of the report is greatly appreciated, as is the contribution of Benjamin Barnard. EBHR is also grateful to Nigerian lawyers Prof. Chioma K. Agomo, Dr. Dayo Amokaye, Dr. Dayo Ayoade, and Dr. Ayo Dele for sharing their expertise. Those making these contributions substantially improved this report, but they should not be considered to endorse the arguments advanced therein. In addition, the views expressed in this report are those of the authors and not of the University of Essex.
    [Show full text]
  • Title:NIGER DELTA MANGROVE CITIZEN SCIENCE PROJECT
    Title:NIGER DELTA MANGROVE CITIZEN SCIENCE PROJECT. Key Project Areas: -Education, Awareness, Participatory learning, Experience sharing,and local capacity building in conservation practices. -Data collection and policies review. -Restoration of degraded portions. -Livelihoods Alternative among pro-poor forest dependents. -Management of Mangrove sites. Local implementer: Tropical Research and Conservation Centre (TRCC) Address: No. 41 Oron Road, Uyo, AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. Project contact: IkponkeNkanta (Mr) ;Project Manager (TRCC) Telephone: +234 80 675 96 435;E mail: [email protected];[email protected] www.tropicalconservationcentre.org Aim: The project is aimed at enhancing biodiversity management capability through education and awareness among communities;restoring degraded portions as well as ensuring sustainable use of the Niger Delta mangrovesfor ecological,environmental and socio-economic (livelihoods) benefts. Project summary:This project is about education, participatory learning, restoration and sustainable management of the Niger Delta mangroves adopting the participatory/citizen science approach.Nigeria has extensive mangrove forests in the coastal region of the Niger Delta, considered one of the most ecologically sensitive regions in the world. About 70% of the Nigerian mangrove ecosystem fall within the Niger Delta regionThe Niger Delta is located in the Atlantic coast of Southern Nigeria.cutting across nine states. The site falls under the Niger Delta wetlands region of Nigeria, Considered a global biodiversity hotspot. The mangrove swamp of Niger Delta covers an area of is considered a global biodiversity hotspot. The Niger Delta basin occupies the Gulf of Guinea continental margin in equatorial West Africa, between latitudes 3° and 6° N and longitudes 5° and 8° E.). Niger Delta mangroves together with the creeks and rivers are a major source of food and livelihood for millions of people.
    [Show full text]
  • Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollution of Mangrove Swamps: the Promises of Remediation by Enhanced Natural Attenuation
    American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 7 (2): 207-216, 2012 ISSN 1557-4989 © 2012 Science Publications Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollution of Mangrove Swamps: The Promises of Remediation by Enhanced Natural Attenuation 1Orji, F.A., 2A.A. Ibiene and 3O.C. Ugbogu 1Department of Biotechnology, Enzymes and Genetics Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, PMB 21023, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria Abstract: Problem statement: The Remediation by Enhanced Natural Attenuation (RENA) is currently being used as a cleanup technology in polluted environments in the Niger Delta and other parts of the globe. The effectiveness of RENA as a remediation technology in the most recent time has been challenged by few authorities . The deleterious effects of pollutants on the environment have led to increased awareness and vigilance against contamination of the Niger Delta environment. Bio remediation which has been defined as biological response to environmental abuse has continued to receive research attentions across the globe. This study addresses issues against the RENA and recommended ways forward. Approach: The review paper studied published articles and Oil companies routine practices of managing petroleum hydrocarbon polluted Environments including mangrove swamps from 1970 till date. The Remediation by Enhanced Natural Attenuation (RENA) is currently being used as a cleanup technology in polluted environments in the Niger Delta including mangrove ecosystems. Results: The study made inputs on the controversial issues around RENA technology and recommended certain ways forward.
    [Show full text]
  • Larger Than Elephants
    Framework Contract COM 2011 – Lot 1 Request for Services 2013/328436 - Version 1 Larger than elephants Inputs for the design of an EU Strategic Approach to Wildlife Conservation in Africa Volume 5 Western Africa December 2014 Ce projet est financé par l’Union Européenne Mis en œuvre par AGRER – Consortium B&S Volume 5 WEST AFRICA Inputs for the design of an EU strategic approach to wildlife conservation in Africa Page 1 Final report Volume 5 WEST AFRICA TABLE OF CONTENTS 0. RATIONALE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 1. SPECIAL FEATURES OF WEST AFRICA .................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 COUNTRIES OF WEST AFRICA .................................................................................................................................. 13 1.1.1 Development indicators ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 1.1.2 Conflict .................................................................................................................................................................................. 15 1.1.3 Food crisis ............................................................................................................................................................................ 15 1.1.4 West
    [Show full text]
  • MEETING REPORT Exploring Economic Opportunities In
    Exploring Economic Opportunities in Sustainable Shrimp Farming in West Africa: Focus on South-South Cooperation Regional Roundtable Conakry (Guinea), 6 - 8 June 2006 — Meeting Report — August 2006 Revised December 2006 MEETING REPORT Exploring Economic Opportunities in Sustainable Shrimp Farming in West Africa: Focus on South-South Cooperation Regional Roundtable Conakry (Guinea), 6 - 8 June 2006 Sahel and West Africa Club/OECD Development Perspectives Unit 4 Blvd. des Îles 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux France Direct: +33(0)1 45 24 84 83 / Fax : +33 (0)1 45 24 90 31 [email protected] 2 Table of Contents Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................. 5 2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 6 3. World Shrimp Production Trends and West Africa’s potential for shrimp farming....................... 7 Shrimp in world consumption ................................................................................................................ 7 World shrimp production........................................................................................................................ 7 Perspectives on shrimp culture ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • English/French
    World Heritage 25 COM Distribution limited WHC-01/CONF.208/12 Rev Helsinki, 10 December 2001 Original : English/French UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Twenty-fifth session Helsinki, Finland 11 - 16 December 2001 Item 10 of the Provisional Agenda: Information on Tentative Lists and Examination of nominations of cultural and natural properties to the List of World Heritage in Danger and the World Heritage List SUMMARY This revised working document consolidates the recommendations made by the twenty-fifth ordinary session of the Bureau (25 -30 June 2001) and those of the twenty-fifth extraordinary session (7-8 December 2001) regarding the nominations of properties for inscription on the World Heritage List and records information submitted by States Parties subsequent to these meetings. Annex I contains a list of all properties on the Tentative Lists of States Parties, submitted in compliance with paragraphs 7 and 8 of the Operational Guidelines. Decisions required : 1. In accordance with paragraphs 92 and 93 of the Operational Guidelines, the Committee is requested to examine the inscription of properties in, and the deletion of properties from, the List of World Heritage in Danger. 2. In accordance with paragraph 65 of the Operational Guidelines, the Committee also is requested to examine the nominations for inscription on the World Heritage List on the basis of the Bureau's recommendations as well as additional information submitted by States Parties and evaluated by the Advisory Bodies. The Committee takes its decisions in the following three categories: (a) properties which it inscribes on the World Heritage List; (b) properties which it decides not to inscribe on the List; (c) properties whose consideration is deferred.
    [Show full text]
  • Shimane University
    Shimane University Doctoral Thesis Environmental Risk Assessment of Geochemical Composition and Spatial Dynamics in Sediments of Niger Delta Mangrove, Nigeria (ナイジェリアのニジェールデルタマングローブ堆積物におけ る地球化学組成と空間的動態の環境リスクアセスメント) By Nnawugwu NWAWUIKE (S179844) Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Science in Earth Science and Geoenvironmental Science in the Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, Japan. March, 2019. I Abstract The geochemical evaluation of the mangrove environment in Niger Delta, Nigeria was carried out using trace and major element compositions of surface sediments, core sediments as well as Rhizophora racemosa sampled at Choba, Ogbogoro and Isaka. Fifteen surface sediment samples (Choba, n = 5; Ogbogoro, n = 5 and Isaka, n = 5) were collected. Six core sediment samples ranging from 31 - 35 cm in depth were collected. Each of the core sediments was subdivided into five. This yielded thirty sub core samples thus: Choba, n = 10; Ogbogoro, n = 10 and Isaka, n =10. Also, the leaves, stems and roots of R. racemosa and A. germinans were collected and it gave a total of twenty seven samples (Choba, n = 9; Ogbogoro, n = 9 and Isaka, n = 9) and twelve samples (Ogbogoro, n = 3; Isaka, n = 9) respectively. The surface sediment, core sediment and R. racemosa samples were analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The XRF data of the surface sediments was used to evaluate their geochemical compositions, inter-element relationships and potential ecological impact. Results show that the highest mean concentrations in parts per million (ppm) of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Y, Nb, Th and Sc in Choba sediments were 36.2, 65.2, 19.6, 47.4, 121.6, 21.4, 23.0, 13.8 and 16.8; As, V, Sr, Zr, TS and F in Ogbogoro sediments were 6.4, 192.3, 70.0, 273.4, 14627.0 and 104.8 while Br, I and Cl in Isaka sediments were 27.4, 41.4 and 4189.6, respectively.
    [Show full text]