THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN COUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18 TANZANIA SUMMARY Tanzania is a democratic unitary republic with both a national government and a devolved government of which has autonomy for non-union matters. There is local government in both Tanzania and Zanzibar. Article 145 of the constitution gives recognition to local government and is supported by the Local Government (District Authorities) Act 1982 and the Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act 1982. The Ministry for Regional Administration and Local Government is responsible for local government in mainland Tanzania and currently sits within the Prime Minister’s Office. On the mainland, there are three types of urban authority: city, municipal and town councils. In rural areas there are two levels of authority; the district councils alongside the township authorities, and the village council. On Zanzibar, urban authorities are either town councils or municipalities, while all rural authorities are district councils. In mainland Tanzania there are 25 regions, 40 urban councils and 132 rural district councils, whilst on Zanzibar there are five regions, four urban authorities and seven rural district councils. Following the 2015 local elections 34% of councillors were women. Local government authorities (LGAs) have the power to levy taxes, fees and charges; however the majority of local authority revenue comes in the form of sector-specific conditional transfers from national government. LGAs exist for the purpose of consolidating local services and empowering citizens to participate in social and economic development. Local authorities are mandated to: maintain law, order and good governance; promote the economic and social welfare of the people in their jurisdiction; and ensure effective and equitable delivery of quality services to the people.

1. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT and members of the cabinet from KEY FACTS Tanzania is a democratic unitary among the members of the House republic with three spheres of of Representatives. governments: central, Zanzibar POPULATION (2017 estimate): devolved administration and local 2. LEGAL BASIS FOR 51,557,365 44.1a government. Mainland Tanzania LOCAL GOVERNMENT has a unicameral national assembly: AREA (UN 2006): 2.1 Constitutional provisions the Bunge, comprising 357 members; 945,087 sq km The constitution of the United Republic of which 239 members are elected of Tanzania gives recognition to the CAPITAL: from constituencies; 102 special seats establishment of local government Dodoma reserved for women members; five institutions throughout the country.45.2a members elected by the Zanzibar CURRENCY: Article 145 of the constitution stipulates House of Representatives; ten members (TZS) that parliament will enact a law appointed by the president; and the elaborating the procedure for establishing AND GOVERNMENT: attorney general (ex-officio). Zanzibar LGAs as well as spelling out their President John Magufuli has autonomy for non-union matters, functions, responsibilities and powers. has a unicameral assembly known as FORM OF GOVERNMENT: the House of Representatives with 82 democratic republic members, of which 50 are elected 2.2 Main legislative texts directly from constituencies; 20 are The Local Government (District PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM: 45.2b unicameral reserved for women; ten are nominated Authorities) Act 1982 and the Local by the , and Government (Urban Authorities) Act STATE STRUCTURE: two are seats for the speaker, and the 198245.2c provide for the establishment of unitary attorney general (ex officio). Following rural and urban LGAs as district township the 2015 national election, 35.4% authorities (villages that are assuming an LANGUAGES: of elected Bunde members were urban character) and village authorities. Swahili (official), English women.44.1b The president is both head The Acts were amended in 1999 by the NATIONAL ELECTIONS: of state and head of government and Local Government Laws (Miscellaneous last: October 2015, turnout: na; next: is directly elected by popular vote after Amendments) Act (No. 9) 1999. Other 2020 securing a majority, and may serve for important legislation includes the Local a maximum of two five-year terms. If Government Finances Act 1982; the WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT (2015): from the mainland, the vice-president Urban Authorities (Rating) Act 1983; the 35.4% must come from Zanzibar, and vice Local Authorities Elections Act 1979 and the Regional Administration Act 1997. LOCAL ELECTIONS: versa. The president appoints the prime last: October 2015, turnout: na; next: 2019 minister as the leader in the Bunge and The Local Government Services Act (No. they must be appointed from among 10 of 1982) as amended by Act No. 6 of WOMEN COUNCILLORS (2015): the constituency-based MPs and the 1999, to provide for decentralised 34% majority . The president human resource management, was of Zanzibar is a cabinet member. The repealed by the Public Services Act LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE president of Zanzibar is also directly (No. 8) 2002.In Zanzibar, the main as a percentage of total government elected and is the head of government legislation is the Zanzibar Municipal expenditure 2013/14: for internal Zanzibar matters. The Councils Act 1995 and the District and na president appoints the chief minister Town Councils Act 1995.

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Table 45.1a Distribution of councils and population

Urban local government Rural local government Population Population Region (mkoa) (2012 (2017 % rural Districts Urban Wards Mtaa Rural Shehias Vitongoji Census) estimate) (2012) councils councils (villages) (hamlets)

Arusha 6 1 19 na 6 104 na 1,694,310 1,943,196 37.3

Dar es Salaam 3 5 90 na 0 0 na 4,364,541 5,871,557 100.0

Dodoma 7 1 37 na 6 152 na 2,083,588 2.312,141 16.2

Geita 5 1 35 na 5 63 na 1,739,530 1,173,667 19.3

Iringa 3 2 19 na 3 74 na 941,238 996,105 27.7

Kagera 7 1 14 na 7 167 na 2,458,023 2,879,231 10.6

Kigoma 5 2 28 na 6 83 na 2,127,930 2,399,121 19.2

Katavi 3 1 9 na 2 33 na 564,604 663,685 30.8

Kilimanjaro 6 1 21 na 6 132 na 1,640,087 1,790,113 25.4

Lindi 5 1 18 na 5 118 na 864,652 905,947 19.6

Manyara 5 1 8 na 5 114 na 1,425,131 1,670,191 15.9

Mara 6 1 13 na 6 141 na 1,743,830 1,972,173 19.6

Mbeya 8 2 37 na 8 181 na 2,707,410 1,929,359 33.8

Morogoro 6 1 19 na 6 135 na 2,218,492 2,495,462 30.2

Mtwara 5 2 27 na 5 122 na 1,270,854 1,351,038 22.7

Mwanza 7 2 21 na 5 133 na 2,772,509 3,217,328 38.9

Njombe 4 2 21 na 4 75 na 702,097 730,555 23.8

Pwani 6 1 11 na 6 100 na 1,098,668 1,224,120 33.3

Rukwa 3 1 15 na 3 49 na 1,004,539 1,179,149 24.9

Ruvuma 5 1 21 na 5 119 na 1,376,891 1,530,955 25.7

Shinyanga 3 2 37 na 3 81 na 1,534,808 1,701,220 21.9

Simiyu 5 1 25 na 4 86 na 1,584,157 1,736,839 9.8

Singida 5 1 16 na 5 108 na 1,370,637 1,539,286 14.5

Songwe 5 1 16 na 5 108 na 998,862 1,173,667 na

Tabora 7 1 25 na 6 141 na 2,291,623 2,291,623 16.8

Tanga 8 3 44 na 9 171 na 2,045,205 2,286,528 22.2

Total mainland 25 138 40 630 3,939 133 2,682 64,691 43,625,354 50,045,131 32.9

Kaskazini 2 ** na – **65 na 187,455 219,980 8.7

Kusini Unguja 2 *1 ** na – **61 na 115,588 127,744 6.7

Mjini Magharibi 2 ** na – **84 na 593,678 732,408 82.9

Kaskazini Pemba 2 *3 ** na – **59 na 211,732 225,952 18.2

Kusini Pemba 2 ** na – **62 na 195,116 206,148 19.7

Total Zanzibar 5 10 4 95 na – 236 na 1,303,569 1,512,242 45.0

Total Tanzania 30 148 44 725 >3,939 133 2,918 >64,691 44,928,923 51.557,365 33.2

Source: 2012 Census45.3a *There is one urban council covering all of Unguja, and three covering the whole of Pemba **The number of shehias in Zanzibar includes urban wards

2.3 Proposed legislative changes Municipal Councils Act 1995 and 2.4 National urban policy The Zanzibar Local Government the District and Town Councils Act In 2000 Tanzania’s National Human Authority Act of 2014 bill45.2d was 1995. On the Tanzania mainland, no Settlements Development Policy45.2e was put forward in Oct 2014 to the current legislative changes are proposed. adopted, which guides the government’s Assembly to replace the Zanzibar approach to the rapid urbanisation occurring across the country.

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3. STRUCTURE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT all village chairpersons within the ward 4.2 Voting system 3.1 Local government within the state and all village officers (VEOs). In order to contest leadership a potential The 30 regions and 148 districts are The WDC coordinates development candidate must be a member of, administrative entities which are plans and social service plans, supervises and sponsored by, a political party. To charged with maintaining law and order. project implementation and service be eligible, the candidate must be a delivery activities, and is an intermediary Tanzanian citizen, at least 21 years of age, for discussing initiatives arising from the and able to read and write in Kiswahili 3.2 Ministerial oversight sub-ward levels and development plans and/or English. Voting is a right granted The Ministry for Regional Administration from the higher tier local authorities. to all persons of 18 years and above. and Local Government45.3b (MRALG) is responsible for local government in 3.3.2 Mainland Tanzania (rural councils): 4.3 Elected representatives mainland Tanzania and works within the District councils coordinate the activities Prime Minister’s Office. The main role of On mainland Tanzania, chairpersons of the township authorities and village the minister and their department is to and mayors are appointed by the councils, which are accountable to formulate broad national policies and elected members of their respective the district for all revenues received to monitor local authorities to ensure authorities. Village councils are elected for day-to-day administration. The that these policies are integrated into by the village assembly, which includes village and township councils also locally developed programmes. The all adults over the age of 18. The urban have responsibility for formulating department works in collaboration and district councils comprise members plans for their areas, and in most with sector ministries, which also elected from each ward, the MPs cases for securing district approval. formulate policies relating to areas representing the constituency within Plans are developed in association such as education, health, roads, water which the urban area is situated, and with formally established bodies. and agriculture. Details of ministerial women members appointed by the District councils and township oversight on Zanzibar were not available. National Electoral Commission in authorities must have three standing proportion to the number of elected committees: finance, administration positions on the council, including MPs. 3.3 Council types and planning; education, health and The number of women appointed to In mainland Tanzania there are 37 urban water; and economic affairs, works and the council is not less than one-third councils (19 municipalities, 15 town councils environment. Village councils have of the ward representatives and MPs and three cities), which can be sub-divided three standing committees: finance and combined. Dar es Salaam City Council into 3,939 mtaa (streets). The 133 rural planning; social services; and defence has an indirectly elected mayor and district councils consist of 2,682 registered and security. Statutory committees deputy mayor. Both are elected by villages and 64,691 vitongoji (hamlets, the for both district and village councils an electoral college comprising all smallest unit of a village). Within Zanzibar, include an HIV/AIDS committee and councillors of the urban authorities there are four urban authorities: three a council ethics committee. Local over which the council is established. town councils on the island of Pemba and authorities have discretion to establish The deputy mayor must come from one municipality on the island of Unguja. further committees, although there is a different urban authority from All rural authorities are covered by the a maximum for each type of authority. the mayor. The membership of city seven rural district councils. The combined The role of the committees is to develop councils is made up of all the mayors number of shehias and wards is 331. policy, set budgets and oversee the from the urban authorities within work of specific departments. their jurisdiction, all MPs representing 3.3.1 Council structures: Below the level constituencies within their area, at least of local authorities there exist a number 3.3.3 Mainland Tanzania (urban councils): two women MPs resident in the city and of democratic bodies to debate local there are three types of urban authorities: elected from the women in parliament, development needs. In the rural system, town councils, municipal councils and and three councillors from each urban the vitongoji comprises an elected city councils. The chairpersons of the council, one of whom must be a woman. chairperson who appoints a secretary town councils and the mayors of the The township authorities comprise the and three further members, all of municipal councils and their deputies chairpersons of the vitongoji within its whom serve on an advisory committee. are indirectly elected by the other area, and not more than three members In urban areas the mtaa (street – a councillors. Urban councils have all the each appointed by the district council. small urban area or geographical same standing committees as the district Village councils have between 15 and division of a ward), is the smallest councils, and the discretion to establish 25 members, made up of a chairperson unit within an urban authority. The further ones. Non-elected members may elected by the village assembly, all recently established mtaa committees, be co-opted onto committees. chairpersons of the vitongoji within its unlike those of the vitongoji, have a area, and other members elected by the village assembly. fully elected membership comprising 3.3.4 Zanzibar (urban councils): a chairperson, six members and an No information available. executive officer. These committees 4.4 Women’s representation provide a grassroots link to the ward Legislative affirmative action has structure, and mobilise participation 3.3.5 Zanzibar (rural councils): done much to ensure women’s of local people in local development. No information available. representation in local government in Priorities for local service delivery and Tanzania. There is a legal requirement development projects are discussed by 4. ELECTIONS that women must occupy at least the committees, before being forwarded one-third of ward representatives’ and 4.1 Recent local elections to the ward development committee 25% of village council seats and the Elections for local government leaders (WDC). In the rural system proposals prescribed special seats have increased are held every five years alongside those reach the WDC via the village council. the number of women councillors of the president and MPs under the first- WDC membership includes the elected to 978 in 2015 across all authorities. past-the-post system and with universal ward councillor as chairperson, the ward Following the 2015 election, 34% adult suffrage at age 18.. They were last executive officer (WEO), a salaried official of councillors were women, down held in October 201544.4a. with no voting rights, women councillors, on 35% following the 2011 election.

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Table 45.1b Women councillors and mayors following the last two local elections At the regional level there are national government offices which serve as Election 2010 2015 extended arms of national government. Councillors # % # % These 24 regional offices coordinate and provide advice and technical support to Female councillors na 35 978 ∼34 help LGAs discharge their duties to the required standard. The regional offices have Male councillors na 65 na na a duty to create an enabling environment Total councillors na 100.0 na 100.0 for LGAs to provide services and bring about development at the local level. Urban chairpersons # % # % There is a regional consultative committee in every region chaired by the regional Female urban chairpersons na na na 11 commissioner and drawing members from the districts, including council chairpersons, Male urban chairpersons na na na 89 district commissioners, MPs and the chief Total urban chairpersons na 100.0 na 100.0 executives of the councils in the region. The functions of regional consultative Rural chairpersons # % # % committees, which are established by law, include considering and providing advice Female rural chairpersons na na na 2 to LGAs regarding development plans. ALAT, whose membership includes an MP Male rural chairpersons na na na 98 from each region, will be involved whenever Total rural chairpersons na 100.0 na 100.0 there is a policy issue that relates to local government, before a decision is made at Source: MRALG correspondence with CLGF and Genderinks44.4b cabinet level. This is normally done through workshops and working sessions organised Approximately 3% through the open 6. ORGANISED LOCAL GOVERNMENT by MRALG, and representatives of ALAT ballot and the rest through reserved The Association of Local Authorities are invited. Policy recommendations are seats. Following the 2015 election, of Tanzania44.6 (ALAT) represents local sometimes discussed at meetings of the women chaired 11% of urban councils government on the mainland of Tanzania. executive committee of ALAT and later and 2% of rural councils. It is a voluntary organisation with a at the annual conference where all LGAs membership of 133 urban and district are represented. There are also three 5. SYSTEMS FOR councils. Its functions are: to provide parliamentary committees which handle COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT a forum for exchanging views and issues of direct consequence to LGAs; the 5.1 Legal requirement experiences among member LGAs; to Legal and Administrative Committee, the Amendments to the Local Government provide advocacy on policy and legislative Local Authorities Accounts Committee and (District Authorities) Act 1982 provide matters likely to affect LGAs; to disseminate the Parliamentary By-laws Committee. for councils to organise public hearings information and provide expert advice; to for people to question political leaders make representations and proposals to 8. MONITORING SYSTEMS and staff. Councils are also empowered government; and to represent LGAs and to establish service boards, open their views in international forums. The regional commissioner, appointed to all citizens in the area, providing by the president, has responsibility an opportunity to influence service 7. INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS for monitoring the legal conduct of provision. Participatory budget-making is Intergovernmental relations are formally councils. Each regional consultative encouraged and enabled by bottom-up structured under the amended local committee serves as an advisory budgeting through the WDCs and the government legislation and the Regional committee for the LGAs in its region. democratic structures above them. Local Administration Act 1997. The regional As part of public service reforms, authorities are now required to promote secretariats have a pivotal role, facilitating under the provisions of the Regional and ensure democratic participation. links with the centre and carrying out their Administration Act 1997 regional enabling function at regional, district and administrations were renamed regional secretariats (RSs) and now have a 5.2 Implementation divisional levels. The Regional Administration Act 1997 also established regional and development function to provide Through the participatory planning enabling support services to local methodology known as ‘opportunities district consultative committees for each region and district. These committees government as part of decentralisation. and obstacles to development’ (O&OD), This is also the case at the district and communities kick-start the process of must provide advice to LGAs regarding their development plans and monitor and divisional levels. A number of systems are planning. During the O&OD process the used to monitor the performance of LGAs: needs of various social groups – eg young ensure coordination of the overall economic development of the region. Each committee people, women, minority groups, disabled ■■ preparation and submission of people and those below the poverty line consists of the regional commissioners quarterly financial reports and district commissioners of all districts – are taken into consideration. Whenever ■■ annual assessment of LGAs for within the region, all chairpersons/mayors a council plans to implement a specific development fund grants of district and urban authorities, all directors project it must organise a public hearing ■■ of urban and district authorities, and MPs of the Local Authorities Accounts where the benefits of the project and Committee inspects projects that are how it will be implemented are explained constituencies within the region. ALAT has a formal role for collective bargaining and being implemented by LGAs in their and the public are encouraged to provide areas of jurisdiction their views. dispute resolution in the local government service. National government ministries issue ■■ each LGA has an internal audit section guidelines which should be used by LGAs in which checks on the management of 5.3 ICT use in citizen engagement the implementation of national policies. finances, including revenue collection No information is available. Decisions made by LGAs should not ■■ the external auditor for LGAs is the be at variance with national policies. National Audit Office

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■■ the ministry has an Inspectorate 10. DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICE REFERENCES AND USEFUL WEBSITES Section which goes out to LGAs to DELIVERY RESPONSIBILITY 45.1a Government of Tanzania probe any financial mismanagement 10.1 Overview of local government www.tanzania.go.tz or other governance irregularities service delivery responsibility 45.1b Women in national parliaments. ■■ the Public Procurement Regulatory Each LGA is responsible in its area of Inter-Parliamentary Union http:// Authority carries out inspections on jurisdiction for the maintenance and archive.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm how the procurement of goods and facilitation of peace, order and good 45.2a Constitution of Tanzania services has been carried out in LGAs government; for the promotion of the www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/ ■■ the opposition contributes to social welfare and economic wellbeing constitution.pdf monitoring LGAs. of the people; and for the furtherance 45.2b Local Government (District of social and economic development. Authorities) Act 1982 http:// 9. FINANCE, STAFFING AND RESOURCES LGAs are allowed to cooperate with other theredddesk.org/countries/ 9.1 Local government expenditure organisations and agencies in providing laws/local-government-district- the following services: suppression of No information is available authorities-act-1982-tanzania crime, maintenance of peace and good 45.2c Local Government (Urban order and protection of lawfully acquired Authorities) Act 1982 9.2 Locally raised revenue public and private property; control www.tic.co.tz/media/The_local_ LGAs have the power to levy taxes, fees and improvement of agriculture, trade, government_urban_authorities_ and charges. The typical taxes levied commerce and industry; the furtherance act_8-1982.pdf are direct ones, which are difficult to and enhancement of health, education 45.2d Zanzibar Local Government Act collect. and social, cultural and recreational 2014 bill www.zanzibarassembly. life; the relief of poverty and distress go.tz/bills/2014/A BILL-OF-LOCAL- as well as assistance and amelioration 9.3 Transfers GOVERNMENT.pdf The law provides for grants to LGAs in of life for the young, the aged and the disabled or infirm; and the development, 45.2e National Human Settlements the sectors of education, health, water, Development Policy 2000 roads and agriculture. These grants cover mobilisation and application of productive forces to the war against www.tzonline.org/pdf/ recurrent expenditure, which includes nationalhumansettlements.pdf salaries and operating expenses. The poverty, disease and ignorance. The 45.3a Population census 2012 www.nbs. charges associated with operating basic functions of district and urban go.tz/nbs/index.php?option=com_ expenses are calculated by formula authorities, within their jurisdictions, content&view=article&id=35 and the funds for salaries are disbursed are to maintain law, order and good 7:population-distribution-by- by payroll. Conditional transfers form governance, to promote the economic administrative-areas-2012-census approximately 80% of the total, with and social welfare of the people and to &catid=57:censuses&Itemid=82 unconditional transfers making up the ensure effective and equitable delivery 45.3b Ministry for Regional remaining 20%. of services to all. Additionally they must formulate, coordinate and supervise the Administration and Local implementation of plans for economic, Government www.tamisemi.go.tz 9.4 Loans social and industrial development in 45.4 Elections Commission No information is available their areas, monitor and control the 45.4b Genderlinks barometer 2015 cited performance of the council and its staff, in Strachan, A. L. 2015 Women collect and ensure the proper use of 9.5 Local authority staff in politics and the public –sector council revenues, make by-laws, and Elected representatives are not paid in Tanzania www.gsdrc.org/wp- (in district LGAs) approve by-laws content/uploads/2015/10/1286- salaries but rather monthly responsibility made by village councils. District councils allowances, the rates of which are Women-in-politics-and-the- also regulate and coordinate the public-sector-in-Tanzania.pdf set by the minister responsible for development plans, projects and 45.5 No reference for this section local government. The head of the programmes of villages and township 45.6 ALAT www.alat.or.tz paid service is the district executive authorities within their areas. director in the district authorities and 45.7 No reference for this section the town/municipal/city director in 45.8 No reference for this section urban authorities. Typically, below the 10.2 ICT use in service delivery 45.9 No reference for this section director there are a number of heads of No information is available. 45.10 Tanzania starts preparations on department, usually including personnel implementation and monitoring and administration; planning and 10.3 The role of local government SDGs www.nbs.go.tz/nbstz/ finance; engineering or works; education in achieving the UN Sustainable index.php/english/events/605- and culture; trade and economic affairs; Development Goals (SDGs) tanzania-starts-preparations-on- urban planning; health and social implementation-and-monitoring- welfare; cooperatives, agriculture and The Tanzanian Government, through the of-the-global-sustainable- livestock development; and community National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), has development-goals-sdgs development. City council directors conducted a stakeholders’ meeting on are appointed by the president, while implementation and monitoring of the 45.11a UN statistics surface area directors of town, municipal and Global Sustainable Development Goals http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ district councils are appointed by the (SDGs). When officiating the meeting. demographic/products/dyb/ Minister for Regional Administration and the Chief Secretary said that Tanzania dyb2006/Table03.pdf Local Government. Local goverments has a great chance of achieving the 45.11b Commonwealth Local targets of Sustainable Development Government knowledge hub appoint heads of department and other 45.10 personnel. Goals (SDGs) by year 2030. www.clgf.org.uk/resource-centre/ knowledge-hub 45.11c UNDP HDR Tanzania country profile http://hdr.undp.org/en/ countries/profiles/TZA

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Annex 44a Summary of service provision in different spheres of government in Tanzania

Mainland Zanzibar

National Urban Rural Zanzibar Urban Rural Services government councils councils assembly councils councils Remarks GENERAL ADMINISTRATION Police n n n n n n Fire protection n n Civil protection n n Criminal justice n n Civil status register n n n n Statistical office n n Electoral register n n EDUCATION Pre-school (kindergarten and nursery) n n n n Primary n n n n Secondary n n n n n n Vocational and technical n n Higher education n n Adult education n n SOCIAL WELFARE Family welfare services n n n n Welfare homes n n n n Social security n n n n PUBLIC HEALTH Primary care Hospitals n n n n n n Health protection n n n n n n HOUSING AND TOWN PLANNING Housing n n n n Town planning n n n n Regional planning n n TRANSPORT Roads n n n n n n Transport n n n n n n Urban roads n n n n Urban rail n n Ports n n n n n n Airports n n n n ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC SANITATION Water and sanitation n n n n Refuse collection and disposal n n n n Cemeteries and crematoria n n n n Slaughterhouses n n n n Environmental protection n n n n Consumer protection n n n n CULTURE, LEISURE AND SPORTS Theatres and concerts n n n n Museums and libraries n n n n Parks and open spaces n n n n Sports and leisure facilities n n n n Religious facilities n n n n UTILITIES Gas services n n District heating Water supply n n n n Electricity n n n n ECONOMIC Agriculture, forests and fisheries n n n n n n Local economic development/promotion n n n n n n Trade and industry n n n n n n Tourism n n n n n n

n sole responsibility service n joint responsibility service n discretionary service

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