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'Deprived of Their Liberty'
'DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY': ENEMY PRISONERS AND THE CULTURE OF WAR IN REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA, 1775-1783 by Trenton Cole Jones A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2014 © 2014 Trenton Cole Jones All Rights Reserved Abstract Deprived of Their Liberty explores Americans' changing conceptions of legitimate wartime violence by analyzing how the revolutionaries treated their captured enemies, and by asking what their treatment can tell us about the American Revolution more broadly. I suggest that at the commencement of conflict, the revolutionary leadership sought to contain the violence of war according to the prevailing customs of warfare in Europe. These rules of war—or to phrase it differently, the cultural norms of war— emphasized restricting the violence of war to the battlefield and treating enemy prisoners humanely. Only six years later, however, captured British soldiers and seamen, as well as civilian loyalists, languished on board noisome prison ships in Massachusetts and New York, in the lead mines of Connecticut, the jails of Pennsylvania, and the camps of Virginia and Maryland, where they were deprived of their liberty and often their lives by the very government purporting to defend those inalienable rights. My dissertation explores this curious, and heretofore largely unrecognized, transformation in the revolutionaries' conduct of war by looking at the experience of captivity in American hands. Throughout the dissertation, I suggest three principal factors to account for the escalation of violence during the war. From the onset of hostilities, the revolutionaries encountered an obstinate enemy that denied them the status of legitimate combatants, labeling them as rebels and traitors. -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-ROUSE. MA.Ren 1
2646 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-ROUSE. MA.Ren 1, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Cherokees to sue for their interest in certain moneys of the tribe from which they were excluded. WEDNESDAY, March 1, 1899. The message also announced that the Senate had passed with amendments the bill (H. R. 9335) granting t-0 the Muscle Shoals The House met at 11 o'clock a. m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. Power Company right to erect and construct canal and power HENRY N. COUDEN. stations at Muscle Shoals, Ala.; in which the concurrence of the The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap House of Representatives was requested. proved. MESSA.GE FROM THE SENA.TE. SUNDRY CIVIL APPROPRIATION BILL, A message from the Senate, by Mr. PLATT, one of its clerks, Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that announced that the Senate had passed with amendments a bill of the House nonconcur in all of the amendments of the Senate to the the following title; in which the concurrence of the House was sundry civil appropriation bill, ask for a committee of confer requested: ence on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses, and have the bill H. R. 12008. An act making appropriations for sundry civil ex printed with the Senate amendments numbered. penses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gen and for other purposes. tleman from Illinois? The message also announced that the Senate had passed without There was no objection. amendment·bills of the following titles: The SPEAKER appointed as conferees on the part of the House H. -
University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph
University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph H. Records Collection Records, Ralph Hayden. Papers, 1871–1968. 2 feet. Professor. Magazine and journal articles (1946–1968) regarding historiography, along with a typewritten manuscript (1871–1899) by L. S. Records, entitled “The Recollections of a Cowboy of the Seventies and Eighties,” regarding the lives of cowboys and ranchers in frontier-era Kansas and in the Cherokee Strip of Oklahoma Territory, including a detailed account of Records’s participation in the land run of 1893. ___________________ Box 1 Folder 1: Beyond The American Revolutionary War, articles and excerpts from the following: Wilbur C. Abbott, Charles Francis Adams, Randolph Greenfields Adams, Charles M. Andrews, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Thomas Anburey, Clarence Walroth Alvord, C.E. Ayres, Robert E. Brown, Fred C. Bruhns, Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, Benjamin Franklin, Carl Lotus Belcher, Henry Belcher, Adolph B. Benson, S.L. Blake, Charles Knowles Bolton, Catherine Drinker Bowen, Julian P. Boyd, Carl and Jessica Bridenbaugh, Sanborn C. Brown, William Hand Browne, Jane Bryce, Edmund C. Burnett, Alice M. Baldwin, Viola F. Barnes, Jacques Barzun, Carl Lotus Becker, Ruth Benedict, Charles Borgeaud, Crane Brinton, Roger Butterfield, Edwin L. Bynner, Carl Bridenbaugh Folder 2: Douglas Campbell, A.F. Pollard, G.G. Coulton, Clarence Edwin Carter, Harry J. Armen and Rexford G. Tugwell, Edward S. Corwin, R. Coupland, Earl of Cromer, Harr Alonzo Cushing, Marquis De Shastelluz, Zechariah Chafee, Jr. Mellen Chamberlain, Dora Mae Clark, Felix S. Cohen, Verner W. Crane, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Cromwell, Arthur yon Cross, Nellis M. Crouso, Russell Davenport Wallace Evan Daview, Katherine B. -
Pennsylvania Magazine of HISTORY and BIOGRAPHY
THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY John Swanwick: Spokesman for "Merchant-Republicanism ' In Philadelphia, 1790-179 8 HE literature on the era of Jeffersonian democracy is largely- dominated by the great triumvirate of Thomas Jefferson, TJames Madison, and Albert Gallatin.* During the last dec- ade, however, historians have been paying more attention to state and local political leaders who played significant roles in the Demo- cratic-Republican movement.1 Among the more notable second-rank * In a somewhat abbreviated form this article was presented as a paper at the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Historical Association held at Williamsport, Pa., on Oct. 22-23, 1971. The author wishes to express his gratitude to his colleague, Bernard Sternsher, for his helpful editorial suggestions. 1 Historians have given most of their attention to secondary Federalists, but since i960 the number of modern scholarly biographies of less prominent Republicans has increased. We now have first-rate biographies on Robert R. Livingston, David Rittenhouse, Aaron Burr, Daniel D. Tompkins, John Breckinridge, Luther Martin, Benjamin Rush (2), Samuel Smith, and James Monroe. There are also a number of good unpublished doctoral dissertations. Among the more notable studies are those on Elkanah Watson, Simon Snyder, Mathew Carey, Samuel Latham Mitchell, Melancton Smith, Levi Woodbury, William Lowndes, William Duane, William Jones (2), Eleazer Oswald, Thomas McKean, Levi Lincoln, Ephraim Kirby, and John Nicholson. Major biographies of Tench Coxe by Jacob E. Cooke, of John Beckley by Edmund Berkeley, and of Thomas McKean by John M. Coleman and Gail Stuart Rowe are now in progress. 131 132 ROLAND M. -
The Civil War
THE CIVIL WAR wounded in the shoulder and lost General George B. McClellan reliev- UNION GENERALS the use of his arm during the de- ing him of command of th Army of fense of Springfield. 3" x 1". Cut sig- the Potomac. 7 1/2" x 4". Signed Note. nature with rank. “E.B. Brown Brig. “Dear Shelton, I send you above, the Gen. Vols.” Fine. $150 - up only record on my books that will throw any light on the subject of your company’s acceptance - I pre- * 126 sume however that is sufficient. Re- HENRY L. ABBOTT (1842 - 1864). cruiting is going on very well and I think Ohio will come up to the mark Union Brevet Brigadier General, for * 131 without fail. Yours truly, C. P. gallant services in the battle of the JUDSON DAVID BINGHAM Buckingham, Adj. Genl. O.” Fine. Wilderness. Killed at Wilderness, Va (1831 - 1909). Union Bvt. Brigadier $200 - up on May 6, 1864. 8" x 2 1/2". Cut signa- General. 7" x 2". Signature cut from a ture with rank. “Very respectfully, larger typed document. “Very Re- Your obdt. Servant Henry L. Abbott spectfully, Your Obedient Servant, Lieut. Colonel of Engineers Com- J.D. Bingham, Deputy Quartermaster manding”. Tape residue at left and * 129 General, Brevet Brigadier General, upper left corner missing. Fine. JAMES A. BEAVER(1837-1914), U.S. Army.” Fine $35 - up $35 - up Union Brevet Brigadier-General dur- ing the Civil War, Governor of Penn- sylvania, Judge. TLS James A. Beaver * 134 1page, 8 ½” x 11”, dated Harrisburg, AMBROSE E. -
A Gentleman's Burden: Difference and the Development of British
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 8-2016 A Gentleman's Burden: Difference and the Development of British Education at Home and in the Empire During the Nineteenth and Early- Twentieth Centuries Jeffrey Willis Grooms University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the African History Commons, European History Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the Other History Commons Recommended Citation Grooms, Jeffrey Willis, "A Gentleman's Burden: Difference and the Development of British Education at Home and in the Empire During the Nineteenth and Early-Twentieth Centuries" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1623. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1623 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A Gentleman's Burden: Difference and the Development of British Education at Home and in the Empire During the Nineteenth and Early-Twentieth Centuries A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by Jeffrey Grooms University of Arkansas Bachelor of Arts in History and German, 2008 August 2016 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ________________________________________ Dr. Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon Dissertation Director ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Dr. Richard Sonn Dr. Andrea Arrington Committee Member Committee Member Abstract A Gentleman's Burden is a comparative analysis of state-funded primary education in Britain, Ireland, West Africa, and India during the nineteenth and early-twentieth cen- turies. -
Loyalists in War, Americans in Peace: the Reintegration of the Loyalists, 1775-1800
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2008 LOYALISTS IN WAR, AMERICANS IN PEACE: THE REINTEGRATION OF THE LOYALISTS, 1775-1800 Aaron N. Coleman University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Coleman, Aaron N., "LOYALISTS IN WAR, AMERICANS IN PEACE: THE REINTEGRATION OF THE LOYALISTS, 1775-1800" (2008). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 620. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/620 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERATION Aaron N. Coleman The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2008 LOYALISTS IN WAR, AMERICANS IN PEACE: THE REINTEGRATION OF THE LOYALISTS, 1775-1800 _________________________________________________ ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION _________________________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Aaron N. Coleman Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Daniel Blake Smith, Professor of History Lexington, Kentucky 2008 Copyright © Aaron N. Coleman 2008 iv ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION LOYALISTS IN WAR, AMERICANS IN PEACE: THE REINTEGRATION OF THE LOYALISTS, 1775-1800 After the American Revolution a number of Loyalists, those colonial Americans who remained loyal to England during the War for Independence, did not relocate to the other dominions of the British Empire. -
The Twenty-Fifth Bicycle Corps
University of North Carolina at Asheville Wheels of Modernity: The Twenty-Fifth Bicycle Corps A Senior Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of the Department of History In Candidacy for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in History by Adam Duchac Asheville, North Carolina 8 December, 2011 Duchac 2 As the sun began its ascent into the summer sky on July 23, 1897, a group of bedraggled men mounted on bicycles slowly made their way into the township of Oregon, Missouri. The residents of the town expected the group but were still caught off guard by the men they saw. A journalist from the Holt County Sentinel wrote that “A regular army soldier is rarely ever seen in our midst, and to see a colored man as such is a still greater novelty- and to see them mounted wheels, with gun strapped over back is an unusually strange sight.”1 The group of men belonged to the Twenty-Fifth Bicycle Corps, an all black outfit that was on the verge of completing a 1,900 mile trip from Fort Missoula, Montana, to St. Louis, Missouri. The long distance ride was concocted by Lieutenant James A. Moss, a white officer who had recently graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, as a means to test the bicycle‟s efficiency and reliability as a new form of transportation for the United States Army and as a possible replacement for horse mounted soldiers. As the nineteenth century came to a close the U.S. Army faced a number of changes as did the black soldiers who were a part of it. -
NJDARM: Collection Guide
NJDARM: Collection Guide - NEW JERSEY STATE ARCHIVES COLLECTION GUIDE Record Group: Col. Henry Hartford (1937-1919) Series: Papers, 1861-1929 Accession #: 1993.046 Series #: PHART001 Guide Date: 2/1994 (JK) Volume: 1 c.f. [1 box, 1 volume, and 12 oversized folders] Content Note | Contents Biographical Note Born 8 February 1837 in Coleraine, County Londonderry, Ireland, Henry Hartford was the eldest child of William and Martha (Leslie) Hartford. He attended private schools in Ireland, and at the age of 18 decided to follow his brother William to the United States. After Henry's arrival in New York City in 1855, the Hartford brothers were employed as clerks in a grocery store. By the 1860s, their widowed mother and twin sisters Elizabeth and Susan joined them. At the outbreak of the Civil War, both Henry and William Hartford joined the Union forces--Henry enlisting in Company K of the First Regiment, New Jersey Militia, for three-months' service. In July 1861, the First Militia was reorganized as the 8th New Jersey Volunteer Regiment. Hartford became first sergeant of Company F on 31 August 1861, and was promoted to second lieutenant on 10 December the following year. On 3 October 1863, he was promoted to first lieutenant and transferred to Company E. Hartford was made captain of Company C on 11 June 1864, and in December of the same year he rose to the rank of major and was made regimental commander of the 8th New Jersey, replacing Col. John Ramsey. After distinguishing himself in battle at Petersburg, Virginia, he was made brevet lieutenant colonel on 2 April 1865, and later lieutenant colonel. -
Maryland Historical Magazine, 1950, Volume 45, Issue No. 4
MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE Riversdale — Entrance Front Prince George's County MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY BALTIMORE December • 1950 • 4.4. ±4.4.4.4,4.4.4.4. ±4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4,4.4.4.4.4. J.4.4.4.4.XXJ*.J.J>.J.J.J.J..t.J.J.J.. FOR SALE BY THE SOCIETY Maryland in World War II, Vol. I: Military, by H. R. Manakee. 1950 384 pp. cloth. (Maryland Sales Tax 6c.) $3.25 History of Queen Anne's County, by Frederick Emory. 1886-7. Reprinted 1949. 629 pages, cloth cover. By mail, Maryland sales tax included $7.75 Portraits Painted before 1900 in the Collection of the Maryland His- torical Society, by Anna Wells Rutledge. 1946. 40 pages, illus- trated, paper covers $1.00 Handlist of Miniatures in the Collections of the Maryland Historical Society, by Anna Wells Rutledge. 1945. 18 pages, illustrated, paper covers .60 Augustine Herman's Map of Virginia and Maryland, 1673. Reproduced from original in John Carter Brown Library 6.50 Warner and Hanna's Map of Baltimore, 1801, Collotype reproduction in color 5.00 Old Wye Church, Talbot Co., Md. A History of St. Luke's at Wye Mills, by Elizabeth Merritt. 1949. 42 pages, paper covers .55 Calendar of the General Otho Holland Williams Papers in the Maryland Historical Society. 1940. 454 pages, mimeographed, paper covers. 2.75 Chronicles of Mistress Margaret Brent, by Mary E. W. Ramey. 1915. 12 pages, illustrated, paper covers 1.00 Descendants of Richard and Elizabeth Ewen Talbot of Poplar Knowle, West River, Anne Arundel Co., compiled by Ida Morrison Shirk. -
Breck, 1834-1835, 1838
The Diary of Samuel 'Breck, 1834-1835, 1838 ONTINUING with our serialization of the Historical Society's diary of Samuel Breck, we find him in 1834 at Harrisburg, C where as a State Senator he is successfully sponsoring Pennsylvania's first legislation for free public education. It is also at this period of his life that he acquired a lasting interest in the education of the blind. A break in the diary, occasioned by a missing volume, is followed by Breck's account of how he saved the Historical Society of Pennsylvania from being dissolved in 1838 when its membership had shrunk to fifty-three. Meanwhile, Breck had rented a house on Walnut Street, just west of Broad, having sold Sweetbriar, his country residence for the past forty years. Life in the country had become too inconvenient for the aging Breck, and Sweetbriar's location on the Schuylkill had been unhealthy in the summer ever since the building of the dam just below it at Fairmount. N. B. W. January /, 1834 Our landlord ordered wine today, in honor of the new year. A few at table drank a glass or two; but the temper- ance of our mess, which sometimes in number reaches sixty, perhaps more, is such that, with that number at table, I have left the room among the last and remarked the two decanters of brandy, and two decanters of whiskey, usually placed at dinner, entirely full, no one of the sixty having drank a drop, altho' it was free of charge, and this is the case almost daily. -
191 Launceston Tasmania 7250 State Secretary: [email protected] Journal Editors: [email protected] Home Page
Tasmanian Family History Society Inc. PO Box 191 Launceston Tasmania 7250 State Secretary: [email protected] Journal Editors: [email protected] Home Page: http://www.tasfhs.org Patron: Dr Alison Alexander Fellows: Dr Neil Chick, David Harris and Denise McNeice Executive: President Anita Swan (03) 6326 5778 Vice President Maurice Appleyard (03) 6248 4229 Vice President Peter Cocker (03) 6435 4103 State Secretary Muriel Bissett (03) 6344 4034 State Treasurer Betty Bissett (03) 6344 4034 Committee: Judy Cocker Jim Rouse Kerrie Blyth Brian Hortle Leo Prior John Gillham Libby Gillham Helen Stuart Judith Whish-Wilson By-laws Officer Denise McNeice (03) 6228 3564 Assistant By-laws Officer Maurice Appleyard (03) 6248 4229 Webmaster Robert Tanner (03) 6231 0794 Journal Editors Anita Swan (03) 6326 5778 Betty Bissett (03) 6344 4034 LWFHA Coordinator Anita Swan (03) 6394 8456 Members’ Interests Compiler John Gillham (03) 6239 6529 Membership Registrar Muriel Bissett (03) 6344 4034 Publications Coordinator Denise McNeice (03) 6228 3564 Public Officer Denise McNeice (03) 6228 3564 State Sales Officer Betty Bissett (03) 6344 4034 Branches of the Society Burnie: PO Box 748 Burnie Tasmania 7320 [email protected] Devonport: PO Box 587 Devonport Tasmania 7310 [email protected] Hobart: PO Box 326 Rosny Park Tasmania 7018 [email protected] Huon: PO Box 117 Huonville Tasmania 7109 [email protected] Launceston: PO Box 1290 Launceston Tasmania 7250 [email protected] Volume 29 Number 1 June 2008 ISSN 0159 0677 Contents Editorial ..................................................................................................................