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Volume II, Issue IV, APRIL 2013 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 - 2540 USES OF NANOROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY Dr. Gaurav Kumar Jain Deepshikha Group of Colleges [email protected] Mr. Sandeep Joshi Deepshikha Group of Colleges Mr. Ravi Ranjan Deepshikha Group of Colleges ABSTRACT Illnesses such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases Nanorobotics is the technology of creating continue to ravage people around the world. machines or robots at or close to the microscopic scale of a nanometer (10−9 NANOROBOTICS THEORY:- meters). More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the still largely hypothetical Since nanorobots would be microscopic in nanotechnology engineering discipline of size, it would probably be necessary for very designing and building nanorobots, devices large numbers of them to work together to ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and perform microscopic and macroscopic tasks. constructed of nanoscale or molecular These nanorobot swarms, both those which components. As no artificial non-biological are incapable of replication (as in utility fog) nanorobots have yet been created, they and those which are capable of remain a hypothetical concept. The names unconstrained replication in the natural nanobots, nanoids, nanites or nanomites also environment (as in grey goo and its less have been used to describe these common variants), are found in many hypothetical devices. science fiction stories, such as the Borg nanoprobes in Star Trek. The word KEY WORDS "nanobot" (also "nanite", "nanogene", or Nanorobot, approaches and Applications "nanoant") is often used to indicate this fictional context and is an informal or even INTRODUCTION pejorative term to refer to the engineering concept of nanorobots. The word nanorobot There are pressing needs in biological is the correct technical term in the research today: the cost of getting new drugs nonfictional context of serious engineering to market is estimated to be 1$ billion by studies. 2015, time to market has increased and failure rates remain shockingly high. 38 | P a g e www.ijltemas .in Volume II, Issue IV, APRIL 2013 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 - 2540 APPROACHES electromagnetic fields are normally applied _ Biochip to control the motion of this kind of The joint use of nanoelectronics, biological integrated device, although his photolithography, and new biomaterials, can limited applications. be considered as a possible way to enable the required manufacturing technology Open Technology towards nanorobots for common medical A document with a proposal on nanobiotech applications, such as for surgical Development using open technology instrumentation, diagnosis and drug approaches has been addressed to the United delivery. Indeed, this feasible approach Nations General Assembly. According to the towards manufacturing on nanotechnology document sent to UN, in the same way is a practice currently in use from the Linux and Open Source has in recent years electronics industry.[4] So, practical accelerated the development of computer nanorobots should be integrated as systems, a similar approach should benefit nanoelectronics devices, which will allow the society at large and accelerate tele-operation and advanced capabilities for nanorobotics development. The use of medical instrumentation. nanobiotechnology should be established as a human heritage for the coming _ Nubots generations, and developed as an open Nubot is an abbreviation for "nucleic acid technology robots." Nubots are synthetic robotics based on ethical practices for peaceful devices at the nanoscale. Representative purposes. Open technology is stated as a nubots include the several DNA walkers fundamental key for such aim. reported by Ned Seeman's group at NYU, Niles Pierce's group at Caltech, John Reif's POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS group at Duke University, Chengde Mao's group at Purdue, and Andrew Turberfield's _ NANOROBOTICS IN DENTISTRY group at the University of Oxford. The growing interest in the future of dental applications of nanotechnology is leading to _ Positional nanoassembly the emergence of a new field called Nanofactory Collaboration[6], founded by Nanodentistry. Nanorobots induce oral Robert Freitas and Ralph Merkle in 2000, is analgesia, Desensitize tooth, manipulate the a focused ongoing effort involving 23 tissue to re-align and straighten irregular set researchers from 10 organizations and 4 of teeth and to improve durability of teeth. countries that is developing a practical Further it is explained that how nanorobots research agenda specifically aimed at areused to do preventive, restorative, developing positionally-controlled diamond curative procedures. mechanosynthesis and a diamondoid nanofactory that would be capable of Major tooth repair building diamondoid medical nanorobots. Nanodental techniques involve many tissue engineering procedures for major tooth _ Bacteria based repair. This approach proposes the use biological Mainly nanorobotics manufacture and microorganisms, like Escherichia coli installation of a biologically autologous bacteria.Hence, the model uses a flagellum whole replacement tooth that includes both for propulsion purposes. The use of 39 | P a g e www.ijltemas .in Volume II, Issue IV, APRIL 2013 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 - 2540 mineral and cellular components which medicine include early diagnosis and leads to complete dentition replacement targeted drug delivery for cancer biomedical therapy. instrumentation, surgery, pharmacokinetics, monitoring of diabetes, and health care[9].In Tooth Durability and Appearance such plans, future medical nanotechnology Nanodentistry has given material that is is expected to employ nanorobots injected nanostructured composite material, sapphire into the patient to perform treatment on a which increases tooth durability and cellular level. Such nanorobots intended for appearance. Upper enamel layers are use in medicine should be non-replicating, replaced by covalently bonded artificial as replication would needlessly increase material such as sapphire. This material has device complexity, reduce reliability, and 100 to 200 times the hardness and failure interfere with the medical mission. Instead, strength than ceramic. Like enamel, sapphire medical nanorobots are posited to be is a some what susceptible to acid corrosion. manufactured in hypothetical, carefully Sapphire has best standard whitening controlled nanofactories in which nanoscale sealant, cosmetic alternative. New machines would be solidly integrated into a restorative nano material to increase tooth supposed desktop-scale machine that would durability is Nanocomposites. This is build macroscopic products. The most manufactured by nanoagglomerated discrete detailed theoretical discussion of nanoparticles that are homogeneously nanorobotics, including specific design distributed in resins or coatings to produce issues such as sensing, power nanocomposites. The nanofiller include an communication, navigation, manipulation, aluminosilicate powder having a mean locomotion, and onboard computation, has particle sizeof about 80nm and a 1:4ratio of been presented in the medical context of alumina to silica. The nanofiller has a nanomedicine by Robert Freitas. Some of refractive index of 1.503, it has superior these discussions remain at the level of hardness, modulous of elasticity, unbuildable generality and do not approach translucency, esthetic appeal, excellent color the level of detailed engineering. density, high polish and 50% reduction in filling shrinkage. They are superior to conventional composites and blend with a natural tooth structure much better. Nano Impression Impression material is available with nanotechnology application. Nanofiller are integrated in the vinylpolysiloxanes, producing a unique addition siloxane impression material. The main advantage of material is it has better flow, improved hydrophilic properties hence fewer voids at margin and better model pouring, enhanced detail precision. _ NANOMEDICINE Potential applications for nanorobotics in 40 | P a g e www.ijltemas .in Volume II, Issue IV, APRIL 2013 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 - 2540 NANOROBOTS IN CANCER Individual units require only a tiny DETECTION AND TREATMENT amount of energy to operate Durability is another potential asset Nanites might last for centuries before breaking down DISADVANTAGES ·The initial design cost is very high. ·The design of the nanorobot is a very complicated one. ·Electrical systems can create stray fields which may activate bioelectric-based molecular recognition systems in biology. ·Electrical nanorobots are susceptible to Cancer can be successfully treated with electrical interference from external sources current stages of medical technologies and such as rf or electric fields, EMP pulses, and therapy tools. However, a decisive factor to stray fields from other in vivo electrical determine the chances for a patient with devices. cancer to survive is: how earlier it was ·Hard to Interface, Customize and Design, diagnosed; what means, if possible, a cancer Complex should be detected at least before the ·Nanorobots can cause a brutal risk in metastasis has began. Another important thefield of terrorism. The terrorism and aspect to achieve a successful treatment for antigroups can make use of nanorobots as a patients, is thedevelopment of efficient new form of torturing the communities as targeted drug delivery to decrease the side nanotechnology also has the capability of effects from chemotherapy. Considering the destructing the human body at the molecular
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