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Russian Optical Trans-Arctic Cable System (ROTACS) Oceania South

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Russian Optical Trans-Arctic Cable System (ROTACS) Oceania South Caroline Troein Patrick Florance and Barbara Parmenter What are the key elements that affect global internet connectivity? According to Russian Optical Trans-Arctic Cable documents released on NSA surveillance, System (ROTACS) 99% of the world’s communications passes through undersea internet cables. The Oceania modular nature of the internet means that there is automatic redundancy should any cable be damaged. In the event of damage, South American Crossing (SAC) end users experience service slowdown. PC-1 A 2012 Wired article identified three threats to submarine cables: 1) ship anchors, 2) APCN2 fishing, and 3) earthquakes. In most parts ROTACS around the world, cable areas are protected because of threats cables face. Japan-US Still, repair is now expected in cable CUCN operations to ensure continued operations. Sam-1 This geospatial analysis approximates Many cables are vulnerable to external what sections of the undersea cables are threats. Earthquakes are an ongoing threat vulnerable to disruption. that is more predictable. Maritime traffic is also a problem, but less predictable. With cable landing points often being Fishing risk is approximated through located near port areas, shipping threats global data on fishing zones, highlighting are a key threat, requiring management by cable portions in these zones. local authorities in order to protect cables. Anchoring data was constructing using As many maritime charts are only port location data, assuming a 20 km “risk available for purchase, and not available zone” around ports where ships may be for free, commercial and professional more likely to anchor. Cables near coasts Detailed anchoring data which takes into operators are more likely to be able to were assumed to be at higher risk due to a account restricted areas would successfully be able to act as good Because of data limitations, this map The global nature of this investigation has higher likelihood of anchoring by significantly reduce over identification of stewards than casual or smaller operators. analysis has made significant assumptions, meant that the resulting map is not useful commercial or personal vessels. high risk areas. and is not useful for close area risk on a local basis. In depth analysis into the East Asia faces particular vulnerabilities, The earthquake data does not take into A decade of detailed earthquake data from identification. three risk areas using detailed, local from frequent maritime traffic and high account where the highest magnitude USGS was used to model earthquake risk. data would help build a more robust risk of earthquakes. Earthquakes are a Due to the limits in data available on a earthquakes will occur in the future. Affected areas of magnitude 5-9 model useful on an individual country particular issue as multiple cables may be global scale, this study provides very More information on earthquake earthquakes are overlaid, weighting level. affected at once. general areas of vulnerability. earthquake types equally. occurrences would help build more robust predictions. Winkle II Fishing Risk 2004-2014 High Risk (10 km port/coast) Medium Risk (20 km) Low Risk (30 km) Earthquake Risk Distance from earthquake (in km) Anchoring Risk High Risk (10 km port/coast) Medium Risk (20 km) Low Risk (30 km) Kilometers 0 300 600 1,200 1,800 2,400 .
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