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Chemisches Zentralmatt 2 1 8 3 Chemisches ZentralMatt 1946. I. Halbjahr Nr. 23/24 Band 4 Geschichte. Unterricht. A. Okác, Leben und Werk von Prof. Dr. J. V. Dubslcy. Biographie u. Nachruf sowie Verzeichnis der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten J. V. ÜUBSKYs (* 18/6. 1882 f 25/3. 1946), Professors für analyt. Chemie an der Technischen Hochschule Brünn, u. seiner Schule. (Chem. Listy Vëdu Pr&mysl 40. 198—207. 10/9. 1946.) Ge d s c h o l d . 1 Alfred Lacroix, Das Leben und das Werk des Abbé René-Just Haüy. Ausführliche Lebensbeschreibung des bekannten Kristallographen und Würdigung seiner wissenschaft­ lichen Lebensarbeit. (Bull. Soc. franç. Minéralog. Cristallogr. 6 7 . 15—226. Jan ./Ju n i 1944.) Go t t f r ie d . 1 Alfred Lacroix, Die beiden Brüder Haüy. Kurze Lebensbeschreibung René-Just u. Valentin H a ü Ys. (Bull. Soc. franç. Minéralog. Cristallogr. 67. 338—344. Jan./Juni 1944.) G o t t f r ie d . 1 J. Orcel, H aüy und der Artbegriff in der Mineralogie. Es wird die von Haüy eingeführte strenge Klassifikation der Mineralien u. Gesteine erörtert. (Bull. Soc. franç. Minéralog. Cristallogr. 67. 265—337. Jan./Juni 1944.) Go t t f r ie d . 2 Ch. Mauguin, Die Struktur der Kristalle nach Haüy. Ausführliche Beschreibung der Anschauungen H a ü Ys über die Struktur der Kristalle. (Bull. Soc. franç. Minéralog. Cristallogr. 67. 227—264. Jan /Ju n i 1944.) G o t t f r ie d . 2 Tridente, Ekphantos von Syrakus oder zu den Quellen des Atomismus. EKPHANTOS, ein Schüler des PYTHAGORAS sprach als Grundstoffe die „unteilbaren Körper“ (âôi^lQera ocbpara) u. das Vakuum an, in dem sich erstere nach ihrem unaufhörlichen, vom Schicksal bestimmten Gang bewegen. Er hat als erster den Monaden des PYTHAGORAS Körperlich­ keit zugeschrieben u. sie so der greif baren Wirklichkeit angenähert, woraus dann D e m o k r it zu seiner Atomvorstellung gelangte. (Chim. Ind., Agrie., Biol., Realizzaz. corp. 19. 90 bis 93. März 1943.) R. K. MÜLLER. 2 E. Cerasoli, Geschichtliche Bemerkungen zum Gesetz der Äquivalente oder Richterschen Gesetz. Das Äquivalenzgesetz wurde 1794 von R ic h t e r auf Grund von bis 1779 zurück­ gehenden Unterss. ausgesprochen. Unabhängig von seinem rein empir. formulierten Gesetz entwickelte P r o u st im Laufe seiner bekannten Polemik mit B e r t h o l l e t sein Gesetz der konstanten Proportionen. Aus einer Unters, über die Grundlagen dieser Theorie leitet Vf. als „Gesetz der Verbindungsgewichte“ den Satz ab: „Die Massen der verschied. Ele­ mente, die mit gleichen Massen eines u. desselben Elements in Verb. treten, werden nach einer Reihe von Zahlen derart bemessen, daß die Verbb. zwischen den verschied. Elementen entweder in den Verhältnissen dieser Zahlen oder in Vielfachen dieser Zahlen mit ganzen, im allg. kleinen Zahlen zustande kommen.“ (Chim. Ind., Agrie., Biol., Realizzaz. corp. 19. 108— 11. März 1943.) R. K. Mü l l e r . 2 A. Allgemeine und physikalische Chemie. Adie, Junior Chemistry. 3rd ed. London: Univ. Tutorial Pr. 1946. s. 3 d. 6. L. Blas, Agenda del Químico. Madrid: Aguilar. 1946. ptas 200,—. Glus u. Lollini, Dizionario di Chimiea Tedesco-Itaiiano. Turin: Rosenberg e Sellier. 1946. L. 680,—. Maria Sorrallach, Bibliografía Química. Documentación Científico-Industrial. 1. Aufl. Barcelona. 1946. ptas. 130,—. Alexander Smith, General chemistry for Colleges. 6th edit. by William F. Ehret. New York: D. Appleton- Century Co., In c.; London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd. 1946. (X III, 677 S.) s. 20,— . Aj. Kernphysik und Kernehemie. H. J. Bhabha, Relativistische Wellengleichungen für die Elementarteilchen. D ie allg. Struktur von relativist. Wellengleichungen wird mit der Forderung untersucht, daß alle Eigg. des Teilchens ohne Nebenbedingungen ableitbar sein sollen. Es wird be­ wiesen, daß die von DlRAC, FlERZ u. PAULI untersuchten Gleichungen für Spin > 1 nicht diese Forderung erfüllen. Jede Komponente der Wellenfunktion genügt bei Abwesenheit von Wechselwrkg. im allg. nicht einer Wellengleichung zweiter, sondern einer von höherer Ordnung. Eine Folge der Gleichungen ist, daß jedes Teilchen mit 141 1 9 4 6 . I. 2 1 8 4 A v Kernphysik und Kernchemie. einem Spin > 1 mit mehreren Werten der Ruhmasse erscheinen muß, die Vielfache des geringsten Wertes sind. Z. B. hat ein Teilchen mit Spin 3/2 zwei Massenwerte. Diese höheren Massenwerte sind ein notwendiger Zug der Theorie u. können nicht eliminiert werden. (Rev. mod. Physics 17. 200—17. April/Juli 1945. Bombay, Tata Inst, of Funda- mental-Res. in Phys.) WEISS. 80 C. Maller, Allgemeine Eigenschaften der charakteristischen Matrix in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. 2. Mitt. Behandelt werden nur Paare von solchen Teilchen, bei denen keine Entstehungs- oder Vernichtungsprozesse Vorkommen können. Die Anwendung der Ergebnisse auf Mehrteilchensysteme wird angedeutet. (Kgl. danske Vidensk. Selsk., math.-fysiske Medd. 22. Nr. 19. 1—46. 1946.) KIRSCHSTEIN. 80 Ning Hu, Die relativistische Korrektur in der Mesonentheorie der Kernkräfte. Nach ein­ gehender mathemat. Diskussion wird gezeigt, daß die gemischte Mesonentheorie von Mö l l e r u . R o s e n f e l d nicht auf relativist. Bereiche, bes. zur Beschreibung des Quadru­ polmomentes angewendet werden darf, ohne wesentliche Korrekturen anzubringen. (Physic. Rev. [2] 67. 339—46. 1/15. 6. 1945. Princeton, N. J., Inst, for Advanced Study.) S t a g e . 80 Lamek Hulthen, Bemerkungen zu den Schwierigkeiten der Mesonentheorie. Um die Schwierigkeiten der Mesonentheorie in bezug auf die Ladungsabhängigkeit u. den Aus­ tauschcharakter u. außerdem Diskrepanzen bei neueren Streuverss. zu beheben, werden vorläufige Überlegungen über eine nicht symm. Auffassung mitgeteilt. Unter den verschied, möglichen Vorstellungen scheint Vf. als einfachste u. klarste eine Kombination aus einem neutralen, skalaren u. einem geladenen pseudo-skalaren Mesonenfeld. (Rev. mod. Physics 17. 263—66. April/ Juli 1945. Lund, Schweden, Inst, för mekanik och mate- matisk fysik.) E. Reuber. 80 D. Iwanenko, Weitere Bemerkungen zu den Schwierigkeiten der Mesonentheorie. Vf. ist der Meinung, daß die von OPPENHEIMER eingeführte pseudo-skalare Mesonengleichung keine besonderen Vorteile bietet. Überlegungen von SOKOLOW u. Vf. zeigen, daß für ver­ schied. Probleme in dieser Gleichung ein Dämpfungsglied angebracht werden muß, wo­ durch auch einige Konvergenzschwierigkeiten beseitigt werden können. (Physic. Rev. [2] 66. 157. 1/15. 9. 1944. Swerdlowsk, UdSSR, Univ.) E. R e u b e r . 80 Sara Tamburino, Ein besonderer Typ von kosmischen Strahlensternen in der photo­ graphischen Platte. In photograph. Emulsionen (Agfa K), die in Seehöhe, in 1882 m u. 2942 m Höhe exponiert waren, wurden von 433 festgestellten kosm. Strahlensternen 6 Sterne beobachtet, bei denen sieh eine zunächst stärkere Bahn in 2 (in einem Falle 3) schwächere Bahnen teilt. Dies wird (nachORTNER) darauf zurückgeführt, daß Kerntrüm­ mer vom Explosionskern ausgesandt werden, die ihrerseits Protonen niedrigerer Ener­ gie (im Mittel wurde eine Protonenenergie von 1,15 MeV beobachtet) aussenden. Daraus erklärt sich auch die zum Teil gegenüber der GAMOW-Schwellenenergie häufig beobachtete wesentlich niedrigere Protonenenergie in den Sternen, welche durchaus für Kerntrümmer die richtige Größe besitzt. — Die Fälle, in denen eine schwächere Bahn sieh in 2 stärkere Bahnen gabelt, werden darauf zurückgeführt, daß ein Proton ein H-Atom in der Gelatine­ schicht anstößt, welches dann ebenfalls eine Spur hinterläßt. Für einen Fall wird die Er­ klärung aus energet. Erwägungen fraglich. Die Lücke zwischen Explosionszentrum u. Gabelungspunkt, die in einem Fall 7,5 y groß ist, kann nicht erklärt werden. (Physic. Rev. [2] 69. 35—36. 1/15. 1. 1946. Catania, Sizilien, Univ., Phys. Inst.) STAGE. 85 Shllichi Kusaka, Das Energiespektrum der primären kosmischen Strahlung. Unter der Annahme, daß die Zahl der Primärteilchen der kosm. Strahlung umgekehrt proportional der dritten Potenz ihrer Energie ist, wurden der Breiten- u. der Längeneffekt berechnet. Die Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Daten ist innerhalb der Fehlergrenzen bis herab zu Primärenergien von 6-109eV gewährleistet. (Physic. Rev. [2] 67. 50—51. 1/15. 1. 1945. N ortham pton, Mass., Smith Coll.) STAGE. 85 Victor H. Regener, Erzeugung durchdringender Partikel in der kosmischen Strahlung. Kurzmitt, über Verss. in Climax, Col., in 3500 m Höhe über die Erzeugung durchdringender Partikel in Pb, Fe, C, Al u. Paraffin. (Physic. Rev. [2] 61. 734. 1/15. 6- 1942. Chicago, Univ.) K ir s c h s t e in . 85 G. Bernardini, M. Conversi, E. Pancini, E. Scrocco und G. C. Wiek, Untersuchung der magnetischen Ablenkung der harten Komponente der kosmischen Strahlung. Das Energie- spektr. u. d. positive Überschuß der harten Komponente der kosm. Strahlung wurde in Rom (50 m) und Pian Rosa (3500 m über dem Meeresspiegel) mittels eines Zählrohrsyst. unter Verwendung von magnet. Kernen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse, die ausführlich be­ sprochen werden, legen folgende Erklärungen nahe: 1. Es wird in der harten Komponente, ein positiver Überschuß von rd. 20% gefunden in Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen 1 9 4 6 . I. A v Kernphysik und Kernchemie. 2 1 8 5 anderer Autoren. 2. Die Hypothese Ton der Existenz mehrerer Mesonenarten wird im unteren Teil der Atmosphäre (0—5000 m) nicht bestätigt. 3. Außer der Annahme, daß das Verhältnis r//ic2 ( t = Lebensdauer des Mesons, /tc2 == Ruhenergie) den Wert 3.10-8 sec/MeV hat, muß noch angenommen werden, daß das Energiespektr. der Mesonen auch an der Spitze der Atmosphäre für Energien <'4.10“ eV nicht dem Gesetz E_2>° folgt. (Phys. Rev. [2] 68. 109—20. 1— 15/9. 1945. Rom, Univ., Istituto di Fisica). v. H a r l e m . 85 Wayne E. Hazen, Kaskadenschauer in Blei. Zur Überprüfung der Energieverluste der kosm. Elektronen in Pb werden Kaskadenschauer in einer Nebelkammer beobachtet, in welche 8 ca. 0,7 cm starke Pb-Platten als Absorber eingebracht wurden. Die Anzahl der Elektronen hinter jeder Pb-Platte wird mit der theoret. ROSSl-Kurve verglichen. Bes. geeignet für den Vgl. mit der Theorie ist die Abhängigkeit der Teilchenzahl im Maxi­ mum von der Gesamtzahl der Teilchen im Schauer. Die beobachteten Abweichungen von der theoret.
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