DOCSLIB.ORG

The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Flora of the Woodlands of the Sierra de La Laguna, Baja California Sur, Mexico Jose Luis Le6n de la Luz, Raymundo Dominguez Cadena, Miguel Dominguez Le6n, and Rocio Coria Benet1 Abstract.-The Sierra de la Laguna is the main high mountain range in the arid state of Baja California Sur, Mexico. It is high and narrow, rising boldly from coastal lowlands, with many precipitous and rocky slopes. Its peaks reach up to 2200 m. Above 1500 m this mountains are occupied by the only woodland community in hundreds of kilometers away, and it is believed to have been one island in the geologic past, and in fact now it is in environmental sense. Because the recegtive high altitude of the range, plant communities on the tops has been historically less arids than those on the lowlands, such environment has permited the establishment of woodlands as today. Origins of the current vegetation seems to amount to middle tertiary period, when some types of montane woodlands in SW United States and NW Mexico were developed under xeric conditions. The flora of this community is part of a project leading to establishment of an ecological reserve on such area, because the importance as wild recreative area, which was finally decreed in 1993. Number of species of the vascular flora is 272, most of the species (65%) are herbs, both annual and perennial; 43 species are considered endemics (15.8%), including two monospecific genera. This work describes the flora arranged in two communities: the oak-pine and the oak woodland, the first one comprises four plant associations and the later two. A phytogeographica~analysis of this flora shows that the community has high levels of affinity with the tropical element, at both family and genus level (40% and 59% respectively), followed by the cosmopolitan (39% and 20% respectively), this last levels of affinity could suggest a relative recent conformation of the flora. INTRODUCTION reflection of the dry climate prevailing along the Baja California peninsula. These woodlands The woodlands of the Sierra de la Laguna represent one of the southern limits of the mountains were referred by Axelrod (1950, 1958) Madrean Element. in his classification of the Madro-Tertiary Flora as The Sierra Madrean Woodland Element find part of the Sierra Madrean Woodland Element, their nearest modern representatives in the specifically as the Sierra Laguna Component. woodlands of summer-wet and relatively Table 1 shows the original classification of such winter-mild climate, regions now located at the Element. southern mountains in California and Arizona in The woodlands of the Cape Region, or Sierra United States, and mountains of medium altitude Laguna oak and oak-pine woodlands, differs as in the Mexican states of Baja California Sur, much from those of southern California and Sinaloa, Durango, and Coahuila (see Table 1). Arizona, such differences are interpreted as a The Sierra Laguna Component was conceptualized by Axelrod (1950) by the fossil analysis of plants of the Miocene of California, 1Division de Biologla Terrestre, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas and Pliocene of California and Nevada. Fossils del Noroeste. Apdo. 128, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. and living representatives are shown in Table 2. 144 According with his hipothesis, Axelrod states that Table 3.-Florlstlc Units In the Madro-Tertlary Geoflora according Axelrod (1950). the associated species during those epochs included plants whose descendants are now WOODLAND COMPLEX found in the woodland associations elsewhere in Elements (7): 1 California Woodland southwestern United States and northern Mexico. 2 Conifer Woodland The Cape Component, see Table 3, a member 3 Sierra Madrean Woodland of the North Mexican Element, a complex which Components comprises the arid subtropical scrub, currently a) Arizona b) Sierra Laguna ocurrs inmediatly below the woodlands ot the c) Edwards Plateau Sierra de la Laguna, and anothers localities not d) Durango well documented today. This same couple of e) Coahuila communities are found in the Miocene and CHAPARRAL COMPLEX Pliocene fossil floras of southern California. 4 California Chaparral SAGE COMPLEX STUDY AREA 5 Coastal Sage ARID SUBTROPICAL SCRUB COMPLEX The mountains of the Cape Region extend in a 6 North Mexican south-north from 23° to 23°35'N Lat. It is crossed Components by the Tropic of Cancer. About 500 km2 (200 mP) a) Sinaloan b) Cape of these mountains are estimated to be occur c) Tamaulipan above 1000 m of elevation. The Sierra de La Laguna woodlands are located in the northern DESERT COMPLEX part of the Cape Region mountains, it harbors the 7 North American Desert highest peak at 2200 m. It is conformed by five major canyons (fig. 1); the oak woodland (1000 to Methods 1500 m) has an estimated surface of about 350 km2, meanwhile the oak-pine woodland (> 1500 Thirty eight visits has been made in all the m) around 150 km2 • four seasons to the area between 1984 to 1993. Almost 3000 of voucher specimens has been prepared and are housed at Centro de Table 1.-0rlginal classificaclon of Madro-tertiary Geoflora by Investigaciones Biol6gicas del Noroeste Axelrod (1950) is based in the assumption of Complexes (biomes). Elements (present climax communities) and Herbarium (HCIB). Most of the determinations Components (fossil groups). has been cheked by comparison with the Mad,ro Tertiary Geoflora: correspondent stored at CAS and UC Herbariums. elements: current climax communities Some papers has been published, Loon de la Luz woodland, chaparral, subtropical scrub, sage & Dominguez (1989), Breedlove & Loon de la Luz & desert. (1989) and Leon de la Luz & Coria (1993). An component: group of fossil plants, ancestors of the elements annotated catalog is provided in such papers. Nomenclature follows mainly that of Wiggins (1980). Table 2.-The Sierra Laguna Component was conceptualized The Cape Region, and in particular the by Axelrod (1950) by the fossil analysis of plants of the montane areas, has an incomplete representation Miocene of California, and Pliocene of California and in Wiggin's Flora. About 25 % of the plants listed Nevada. in our papers were omitted from such Flora, or in Fossils from living Representatives the same cases, reported to other areas of the California In Sierra de la Laguna Woodlands Peninsula but not in the woodlands of the Sierra Arbutus tehachapiensis A. peninsularis de la Laguna. !lex sonomiensis I. brandegeana Populus mohavensis P. brandegeana Quercus mohavensis Q. brandegeei Geology and Soils Q. albocincta Garrya Garrya salicifolia The Sierra de la Laguna is composed totally of It Rhus Rhus laurina massive intrusive rocks, granites the most part. is an extension of a great batholith of upper 145 + 23° 30' • OAK PINE WOODLAND 1~;ii~:~I;:1 OAK WOODLAND E%~ TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST o OTHER VEGETATION TYPES 23°+ ESCALA: Kill. o 10 20 __~-----'-_---"- __ ( a ) ! ; ! Figure 1.-The Sierra de La Laguna woodlands are lecated In the northern part of the Cape Region mountains, Baja California Sur, Mexico. It includes five major canyons, having an estimated surface of about 250 km2, which aproxlmately 100 correspond to the oak-pine and the rest to the oak forest. jurasic or lower cretaceous age, which underlies to the north, such as San Pedro Martir, Juarez and most of the peninsula and presumably also parts several others in California, USA. of the Gulf of California (Beal 1948; Durham and Allison 1960). Most of these rocks are moderately coarse grained and subject to rapid disintegration. Climate The derivated soil is sandy, with a thin layer of litter; the content of loam and clay is relatively Foothills and adjacent low areas, where the low. On slopes, foothills, and alluvial plains there arid subtropical scrub develops, have a warm and are no differentiated soil layers. These are dry climate. But the climate of the woodland is classified as Regosols (FAO-UNESCO system relatively cool, and light frosts occur during modified by Mexican government; SPP 1981a). At winter nights. Figure 2 shows both yearly the bottom of brooks and canyons some temperature and precipitation obtained from permanent pools occur on the hard rock bed. Garcia (1973) at a location at 1620 m and three The courses of the canyons are a direct others at lower elevations (350-368m). Climate in consequence of active erosion along their the summits, C(wl), is temperate, subhumid, with escarpments (Lopez Ramos 1973; Hammond main rains in summer, but some also ocurring in 1954). The eastern face of this sierra is more winter. Precipitation is scarse in some years. At precipitous than the western slopes. Similar middle and low elevations occurs several BS and patterns are present also in the Sierra de la BW types respectively; the first one is semiarid Giganta and other ranges much further kilometers climate, with rains mainly in the summer but 146 T 8So P T BW P 20 years 22 Years 300 240 300 240 220 220 25° 200 25° 200 180 180 20° 160 20° 160 140 140 15° 120 1,0 120 100 100 100 80 100 80 60 60 5° 40 5° 40 20 20 J F M A M J J A S 0 N 0 J F M A M J J A S o N 0 StO. Gertrudis Santiago 1 230 3d N; 1100 5 W', 350 m 23° 2S'N~ 109° 44'W', 366 rn p T BW. P T c(w,) 20 Years 10 Years 240 240 220 220 200 200 I BO 180 160 160 140 140 120 120 100 100 BO 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 JFMAMJ JASONO JFMAMJJASOND Son Bartolo Sur Lo Laguna 23°44'N', 109°52'W', 368m 230 30' N~ 1090 5S' W ~ 1620 m F11ure 2.-Annual courses In mean monthly temperature ("C) and total monthly precipitation (mm) in three localities at foothills of the Sierra dela Laguna mountains (Sta.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Encino En Guadalupe Y Calvo, Chihuahua Diversity and Vertical
    Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales Vol. 10 (53) May – June (2019) DOI: https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v10i53.173 Article Diversidad y estructura vertical del bosque de pino– encino en Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua Diversity and vertical structure of the pine-oak forest in Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua Samuel Alberto García García1, Raúl Narváez Flores1, Jesús Miguel Olivas García1 y Javier Hernández Salas1 Resumen Se evaluaron áreas con y sin manejo forestal de la Umafor 0808 Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua; gestionadas mediante el Método Mexicano de Ordenación de Bosques Irregulares (MMOBI). Se analizó y comparó la información de conglomerados del Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos (2004-2009); 95 en masas con manejo y 27 sin manejo. Se determinó la estructura vertical por medio de la regeneración natural, pisos de altura de los árboles y posición sociológica. Las especies con distribución continua, desde el piso inferior de la regeneración hasta el piso arbóreo superior en el bosque con manejo fueron: Pinus durangensis, P. arizonica, P. ayacahuite, P. herrerae y P.engelmannii; mientras que, en el bosque sin manejo se registraron: P. durangensis y P. arizonica. Las principales diferencias entre los bosques estudiados correspondieron al promedio de altura en el piso arbóreo superior; en los bosques con manejo fue de 30.16 m y en los sin manejo, su valor fue de 21.86 m; además, se observó una mayor regeneración de P. durangensis en los primeros. Respecto a la diversidad de especies, no hubo diferencia significativa entre ambos tipos de bosque (P>0.05). Por lo anterior, se concluye que, de acuerdo con la información analizada, la regulación del aprovechamiento maderable con el MMOBI permite mantener la diversidad estructural y de especies, similar a la de un bosque natural sin manejo.
    [Show full text]
  • Carrico Department of American Indian Studies, San Diego State University
    CLANS AND SHIMULLS/SIBS OF WESTERN SAN DIEGO COUNTY RICHARD L. CARRICO DEPARTMENT OF AMERICAN INDIAN STUDIES, SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY In San Diego County and northern Baja California the social and political make-up of the Kumeyaay (Ipai and Tipai) is fairly well documented for the settlements and villages east of the western foothills of the Cuyamaca Mountains and into the western Imperial Desert. By contrast, the traditional and historical distribution and names of the coastal and inland valley clans is far less documented. This paucity of data for the western clans is largely a function of the removal of these clans from the region by European colonialists and their settlement in the interior of San Diego County by 1875. The goal of this study is to fill in the gaps in our knowledge of the precontact and early proto-historic coastal and inland valley clans through the use of Spanish mission records and early historic documents. As a result of this study 10 coastal and inland valley clans have been identified and their general area of distribution plotted. The combination of earlier studies with the current study provides a much clearer and more complete depiction of the Kumeyaay clans of San Diego County. The Kumeyaay people of San Diego County trace their family lineage back to a distant past and often to animals and creatures from another time. In spite of decades of study, traditional Kumeyaay social organization remains unclear. The basic unit appears to have been kin groups referred to by a variety of names including sib, shimulls, cimuLs, gens, and gentes.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonoran Joint Venture Bird Conservation Plan Version 1.0
    Sonoran Joint Venture Bird Conservation Plan Version 1.0 Sonoran Joint Venture 738 N. 5th Avenue, Suite 102 Tucson, AZ 85705 520-882-0047 (phone) 520-882-0037 (fax) www.sonoranjv.org May 2006 Sonoran Joint Venture Bird Conservation Plan Version 1.0 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgments We would like to thank all of the members of the Sonoran Joint Venture Technical Committee for their steadfast work at meetings and for reviews of this document. The following Technical Committee meetings were devoted in part or total to working on the Bird Conservation Plan: Tucson, June 11-12, 2004; Guaymas, October 19-20, 2004; Tucson, January 26-27, 2005; El Palmito, June 2-3, 2005, and Tucson, October 27-29, 2005. Another major contribution to the planning process was the completion of the first round of the northwest Mexico Species Assessment Process on May 10-14, 2004. Without the data contributed and generated by those participants we would not have been able to successfully assess and prioritize all bird species in the SJV area. Writing the Conservation Plan was truly a group effort of many people representing a variety of agencies, NGOs, and universities. Primary contributors are recognized at the beginning of each regional chapter in which they participated. The following agencies and organizations were involved in the plan: Arizona Game and Fish Department, Audubon Arizona, Centro de Investigación Cientifica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Centro de Investigación de Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP), Instituto del Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo (IMADES), PRBO Conservation Science, Pronatura Noroeste, Proyecto Corredor Colibrí, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT), Sonoran Institute, The Hummingbird Monitoring Network, Tucson Audubon Society, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • OSU Gardening with Oregon Native Plants
    GARDENING WITH OREGON NATIVE PLANTS WEST OF THE CASCADES EC 1577 • Reprinted March 2008 CONTENTS Benefi ts of growing native plants .......................................................................................................................1 Plant selection ....................................................................................................................................................2 Establishment and care ......................................................................................................................................3 Plant combinations ............................................................................................................................................5 Resources ............................................................................................................................................................5 Recommended native plants for home gardens in western Oregon .................................................................8 Trees ...........................................................................................................................................................9 Shrubs ......................................................................................................................................................12 Groundcovers ...........................................................................................................................................19 Herbaceous perennials and ferns ............................................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • 4 Tribal Nations of San Diego County This Chapter Presents an Overall Summary of the Tribal Nations of San Diego County and the Water Resources on Their Reservations
    4 Tribal Nations of San Diego County This chapter presents an overall summary of the Tribal Nations of San Diego County and the water resources on their reservations. A brief description of each Tribe, along with a summary of available information on each Tribe’s water resources, is provided. The water management issues provided by the Tribe’s representatives at the San Diego IRWM outreach meetings are also presented. 4.1 Reservations San Diego County features the largest number of Tribes and Reservations of any county in the United States. There are 18 federally-recognized Tribal Nation Reservations and 17 Tribal Governments, because the Barona and Viejas Bands share joint-trust and administrative responsibility for the Capitan Grande Reservation. All of the Tribes within the San Diego IRWM Region are also recognized as California Native American Tribes. These Reservation lands, which are governed by Tribal Nations, total approximately 127,000 acres or 198 square miles. The locations of the Tribal Reservations are presented in Figure 4-1 and summarized in Table 4-1. Two additional Tribal Governments do not have federally recognized lands: 1) the San Luis Rey Band of Luiseño Indians (though the Band remains active in the San Diego region) and 2) the Mount Laguna Band of Luiseño Indians. Note that there may appear to be inconsistencies related to population sizes of tribes in Table 4-1. This is because not all Tribes may choose to participate in population surveys, or may identify with multiple heritages. 4.2 Cultural Groups Native Americans within the San Diego IRWM Region generally comprise four distinct cultural groups (Kumeyaay/Diegueno, Luiseño, Cahuilla, and Cupeño), which are from two distinct language families (Uto-Aztecan and Yuman-Cochimi).
    [Show full text]
  • Observaciones Sobre Los Encino$ De Baja California
    Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 18: 39-42, 1955 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.1000 B o L E TI N D E L A s o e I E D A D B o TA NI e A D E ME X I e o 39 OBSERVACIONES SOBRE LOS ENCINO$ DE BAJA CALIFORNIA Por ANNETTA CARTER * Desde hace mucho tiempo se ha creído que había solamente tres es­ pecies de encino (Quercus) en Baja California, las cuales fueron publica­ das por Goldman en el año 1916 como especies endémicas. Son Q. Bran­ degei, Q. devia y Q. idonea. Además, se creía que no existía!). encinos en la península entre la región del Cabo, que era probablemente una isla durante la época del Plioceno, y la Sierra San Pedro Mártir en la parte norte. Pero en los años rec_ientes ha aumentado nuestro conocimiento de los encinos. Desde el año 194 7 me he ocupado del estudio de la flora de Baja Ca,lifornia, especialmente la de la Sierra Giganta, y cada año he vi­ sitado la península para estudiarla. Los profesores C. H. Muller de la Uni­ versidad de California, Santa Bárbara, y J. M. Tucker de la misma Univer­ sidad, Davis, California, me hicieron el favor de revisar mi identificación de ~lgunos de estos encinos y de identificar otros, y el Sr. R. E. K. Peters del Herbario de la Universidad de California, Berkeley, aumentó la in­ formación sobre Q. tuberculata (Q. idonea) en la región al sur de La Paz. QUERCUS BRANDEGEI Goldman, Contr. U. S. Nat.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Tree and Tree-Like Species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Ricker, Martin; Valencia-Avalos, Susana; Hernández, Héctor M.; Gómez-Hinostrosa, Carlos; Martínez-Salas, Esteban M.; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O.; Wallnöfer, Bruno; Ramos, Clara H.; Mendoza, Pilar E. Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 87, núm. 4, diciembre, 2016, pp. 1189-1202 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42548632003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 1189–1202 www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Taxonomy and systematics Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae Especies arbóreas y arborescentes de México: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae y Sapotaceae a,∗ b a a Martin Ricker , Susana Valencia-Avalos , Héctor M. Hernández , Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa , a b c Esteban M. Martínez-Salas , Leonardo O. Alvarado-Cárdenas , Bruno Wallnöfer , a a Clara H. Ramos , Pilar E. Mendoza a Herbario Nacional de México (MEXU), Departamento
    [Show full text]
  • 70Years After David Fairchild's Famous Exploration, We Return to the Spice
    fa l l 2 0 1 0 70 years after David Fairchild’s famous exploration, we retu n to the Spice Islands published by fairchild tropical botanic garden tropical gourmet foods home décor accessories The Shop eco-friendly and fair trade products gardening supplies unique tropical gifts AT FAIRCHILD books on tropical gardening, cuisine and more Painted Sparrow, $10 Starling Salt and Pepper Shakers, $18 fairchild tropical botanic garden 10901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL 33156 • 305.667.1651, ext. 3305 • www.fairchildgarden.org • shop online at www.fairchildonline.com Photo by Gaby Orihuela FTBG contents The trip of David Fairchild’s Lifetime: Fairchild’s Work in the Caribbean: Jamaica A Return to the Spice Islands, 32 23 Melissa E. Abdo, Pamela McLaughlin, Keron Campbell, Carl Lewis Brett Jestrow, Eric von Wettberg 5 FROM THE DIRECTOR 8 EVENTS 9 NEWS 11 TROPICAL CUISINE 13 WHAT’S BLOOMING 15 EXPLAINING 17 VIS-A-VIS VOLUNTEERS 20 PLANT SOCIETIES 49 PLANTS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD 51 BUG BEAT 52 GIFTS AND DONORS 53 WISH LIST My Encounter in the Galapagos, 54 VISTAS Georgia Tasker 42 55 WHAT’S IN STORE 56 GARDEN VIEWS 60 FROM THE ARCHIVES 10901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL 33156 • 305.667.1651, ext. 3305 • www.fairchildgarden.org • shop online at www.fairchildonline.com www.fairchildgarden.org 3 MATCH AND RIDE New Trams for Fairchild The Donald and Terry Blechman Tribute Fund: Match and Ride What do you remember most about your visit to Fairchild? The beauty? The vistas? The palms? Probably all of these. But you’re most likely to remember enjoying a tram tour of Fairchild insightfully narrated by one of our dedicated and knowledgeable volunteers.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Relationship Between Sedimentation, Vegetation and Topography in the Tijuana River Estuary, San Diego, CA
    University of San Diego Digital USD Theses Theses and Dissertations Spring 5-25-2019 Understanding the relationship between sedimentation, vegetation and topography in the Tijuana River Estuary, San Diego, CA. Darbi Berry University of San Diego Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/theses Part of the Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons, Geomorphology Commons, and the Sedimentology Commons Digital USD Citation Berry, Darbi, "Understanding the relationship between sedimentation, vegetation and topography in the Tijuana River Estuary, San Diego, CA." (2019). Theses. 37. https://digital.sandiego.edu/theses/37 This Thesis: Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO San Diego Understanding the relationship between sedimentation, vegetation and topography in the Tijuana River Estuary, San Diego, CA. A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental and Ocean Sciences by Darbi R. Berry Thesis Committee Suzanne C. Walther, Ph.D., Chair Zhi-Yong Yin, Ph.D. Jeff Crooks, Ph.D. 2019 i Copyright 2019 Darbi R. Berry iii ACKNOWLEGDMENTS As with every important journey, this is one that was not completed without the support, encouragement and love from many other around me. First and foremost, I would like to thank my thesis chair, Dr. Suzanne Walther, for her dedication, insight and guidance throughout this process. Science does not always go as planned, and I am grateful for her leading an example for me to “roll with the punches” and still end up with a product and skillset I am proud of.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chaparral Vegetation in Mexico Under Nonmediterranean Climate: the Convergence and Madrean-Tethyan Hypotheses Reconsidered1
    American Journal of Botany 85(10): 1398±1408. 1998. THE CHAPARRAL VEGETATION IN MEXICO UNDER NONMEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE: THE CONVERGENCE AND MADREAN-TETHYAN HYPOTHESES RECONSIDERED1 ALFONSO VALIENTE-BANUET,2,4 NOEÂ FLORES-HERNAÂ NDEZ,2 MIGUEL VERDUÂ ,3 AND PATRICIA DAÂ VILA3 2Instituto de EcologõÂa, Universidad Nacional AutoÂnoma de MeÂxico, Apartado Postal 70±275, UNAM, 04510 MeÂxico, D.F.; and 3UBIPRO, ENEP-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional AutoÂnoma de MeÂxico, Apartado Postal 314, MeÂxico, 54090, Tlalnepantla, MeÂxico A comparative study between an unburned evergreen sclerophyllous vegetation located in south-central Mexico under a wet-summer climate, with mediterranean regions was conducted in order to re-analyze vegetation and plant characters claimed to converge under mediterranean climates. The comparison considered ¯oristic composition, plant-community struc- ture, and plant characters as adaptations to mediterranean climates and analyzed them by means of a correspondence analysis, considering a tropical spiny shrubland as the external group. We made a species register of the number of species that resprouted after a ®re occurred in 1995 and a distribution map of the evergreen sclerophyllous vegetation in Mexico (mexical) under nonmediterranean climates. The TehuacaÂn mexical does not differ from the evergreen sclerophyllous areas of Chile, California, Australia, and the Mediterranean Basin, according to a correspondence analysis, which ordinated the TehuacaÂn mexical closer to the mediter- ranean areas than to the external group. All the vegetation and ¯oristic characteristics of the mexical, as well as its distribution along the rain-shadowed mountain parts of Mexico, support its origin in the Madrean-Tethyan hypothesis of Axelrod. Therefore, these results allow to expand the convergence paradigm of the chaparral under an integrative view, in which a general trend to aridity might explain ¯oristic and adaptive patterns detected in these environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Laguna and Laguna Meadow Grazing Allotments – Forest Environmental Assessment Service
    United States Department of Agriculture Laguna and Laguna Meadow Grazing Allotments – Forest Environmental Assessment Service July 2010 Descanso Ranger District Cleveland National Forest San Diego County, California For Information Contact: Lance Criley 3348 Alpine Blvd. Alpine, CA 91901 (619) 445-6235 ext. 3457 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Laguna and Laguna Meadow Grazing Allotments Environmental Assessment Descanso Ranger District, Cleveland National Forest, Page 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Area Description The project area consists of the Laguna and Laguna Meadow grazing allotments on the Descanso Ranger District (Descanso RD) of the Cleveland National Forest (Cleveland NF). There are approximately 30,810 acres of National Forest System lands in the project area, which ranges in elevation from 3,200 to 6,200 feet. Legal locations of the allotments on the San Bernardino Base Meridian, San Diego County, are: Laguna Allotment: T15S, R5E, Sections 15 to 17, 20 to 29, 31 to 36; T15S, R6E, Section 31; T16S, R5E, Sections 1 to 24, and 26 to 35; T16S, R6E, Sections 6 to 8, 19; and T17S, R5E, Sections 1 to 5, 9 to 16, 21, and 22.
    [Show full text]
  • Noteworthy Collection Mexico Anemone Tuberosa
    NOTEWORTHY COLLECTION MEXICO ANEMONE TUBEROSA Rydb. (RANUNCULACEAE). — Baja California, Municipio of Ensenada, Ejido Nativos del Valle heading W to Santo Tomas, 31.42561°N, 116.34858°W (WGS 84), 434 m/1428 ft, 26 March 2010, Sula Vanderplank, Sean Lahmeyer, Ben Wilder and Karen Zimmerman 100326-29 (RSA), Less than 100 plants observed growing with Zigadenus sp. on N-facing side of a steep limestone outcrop. Most plants in full flower. Previous knowledge. The general habitat of this species is given by Dutton et al. (1997), in the Flora of North America, as from rocky slopes and stream sides 800-2500 m. It is known from desert regions of the southwestern USA (CA, NM, NV, TX, UT) and NW Mexico (Baja California, Sonora), and has been well documented within the Sonoran and Mojave deserts: Wiggins (1980) reports it from the western edge of the Colorado Desert and the eastern Mojave Desert; Wilken (1993) gives the range in California as eastern Desert Mountains; 900 – 1900 m; Munz (1974) reports elevations of 3000-5,000 ft (914-1520 m), in Joshua Tree Woodland and Pinyon-Juniper Woodland, western edge of the Colorado Desert, eastern Mojave Desert. The westernmost known collections for this taxon in California are from the southern Cuyamaca Mtns., near the southwestern end of Poser Mtn, March 19 1995, Jeri Hirshberg 253 (RSA) 60 km from the Pacific coast; and the Laguna Mountains, below Desert View, 06 April 1939, A. J. Stover 245 (SD), 80 km from the Pacific coast (CCH 2011). In Arizona, Kearney and Pebbles (1951) report elevations of 2,500-5000 ft (760-1520 m).
    [Show full text]