I Say My Words out Loud
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Recovering Nonviolent History Civil Resistance in Liberation Struggles edited by Maciej J. Bartkowski boulder london 7 Egypt: Nonviolent Resistance in the Rise of a Nation-State, 1805 –1922 Amr Abdalla and Yasmine Arafa In this chapter, we identify and examine important episodes of Egyptians’ nonviolent resistance against foreign domination in the nine - teenth century, including the 1805 revolution, the 1881 Orabi movement, nonviolent organizing against the British occupation after 1882, and the 1919 revolution that led to Egypt’s formal independence in 1922. Often, the focus on the role of political elites, elite-driven events, bru - tal internal political strife, aggressive foreign interventions, armed resis - tance, and violence overshadows seemingly less visible but no less impor - tant people-driven nonviolent actions. Sometimes, the stories of mass nonviolent resistance are ignored altogether, even in well-respected aca - demic publications. For example, The Cambridge History of Egypt offers only a few lines on the events of 1805, overlooking entirely the civilian-led nonviolent mobilization. 1 In this chapter, we aim to create greater aware - ness about the history of nonviolent actions in Egypt’s struggle against for - eign domination and offer insights into their role and effectiveness and their contribution to strengthening a national fabric—the process that eventually led to the emergence of a truly nationwide and nonviolent movement ex - emplified by the 1919 revolution. We also make some references to the 2011 revolution in order to emphasize similar nonviolent patterns that seem to have been present in both the 1919 revolution and the events that led to Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak’s departure under the pressure of a pop - ular nonviolent uprising. -
Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism
Journal of Education & Social Policy Vol. 1 No. 1; June 2014 Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism Shahida Bilqies Research Scholar, Shah-i-Hamadan Institute of Islamic Studies University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India. Sufism, being the marrow of the bone or the inner dimension of the Islamic revelation, is the means par excellence whereby Tawhid is achieved. All Muslims believe in Unity as expressed in the most Universal sense possible by the Shahadah, la ilaha ill’Allah. The Sufi has realized the mysteries of Tawhid, who knows what this assertion means. It is only he who sees God everywhere.1 Sufism can also be explained from the perspective of the three basic religious attitudes mentioned in the Qur’an. These are the attitudes of Islam, Iman and Ihsan.There is a Hadith of the Prophet (saw) which describes the three attitudes separately as components of Din (religion), while several other traditions in the Kitab-ul-Iman of Sahih Bukhari discuss Islam and Iman as distinct attitudes varying in religious significance. These are also mentioned as having various degrees of intensity and varieties in themselves. The attitude of Islam, which has given its name to the Islamic religion, means Submission to the Will of Allah. This is the minimum qualification for being a Muslim. Technically, it implies an acceptance, even if only formal, of the teachings contained in the Qur’an and the Traditions of the Prophet (saw). Iman is a more advanced stage in the field of religion than Islam. It designates a further penetration into the heart of religion and a firm faith in its teachings. -
Hujjat Allah Al-Balighah: the Uniqueness of Shah Wali Allah Al-Dihlawi's Work
ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 6 No 5 S1 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy September 2015 Hujjat Allah Al-Balighah: The Uniqueness of Shah Wali Allah Al-Dihlawi’s Work Fadlan Mohd Othman1 Lutpi Mustafa1 Mohd Arif Nazri1 Ahamad Asmadi Sakat1 Abur Hamdi Usman2 Mohd Akil Muhamed Ali1 Muhamad Rozaimi Ramle3 1 Faculty of Islamic Studies, The National University of Malaysia, Malaysia 2 International Islamic University College Selangor (KUIS), Malaysia; Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 3 Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia Doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s1p403 Abstract This study reviews on the uniqueness of the book Hujjat Allah al-Baligha by al-Dihlawi that emphasizes two important aspects, in terms of thought and debate on the topics presented by him. The study found al-Dihlawi’s thoughts in this book reflect his idealism as an Islamic scholar. He expressed impressive thoughts with the Qur’an as a fundamental ingredient and Sunna as a commentator to the Qur’an. While the reflection may generate useful perspective from the point of significance or preference according to the prevailing realities. Due to dissension between the Islamic parties during that time was considered chronically. This anxiety inspired a number of ideas to him to rebuild civilization of life in the name of Islam without mingling with the seeds of superstition and believing in mythical. Keywords: Hujjat Allah al-Balighah, al-Dihlawi, Sufism, Juriprudence 1. Preliminary Shah Wali Allah al-Dihlawi (d. 1762) is not only an extremely impressive thinker, but also, when he is not being Indian, a thoroughly Islamic one. -
Migrant Sufis and Shrines: a Microcosm of Islam Inthe Tribal Structure of Mianwali District
IJASOS- International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, Vol.II, Issue 4, April 2016 MIGRANT SUFIS AND SHRINES: A MICROCOSM OF ISLAM INTHE TRIBAL STRUCTURE OF MIANWALI DISTRICT Saadia Sumbal Asst. Prof. Forman Christian College University Lahore, Pakistan, [email protected] Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between sufis and local tribal and kinship structures in the last half of eighteenth century to the end of nineteenth century Mianwali, a district in the south-west of Punjab. The study shows how tribal identities and local forms of religious organizations were closely associated. Attention is paid to the conditions in society which grounded the power of sufi and shrine in heterodox beliefs regarding saint‟s ability of intercession between man and God. Sufi‟s role as mediator between tribes is discussed in the context of changed social and economic structures. Their role as mediator was essentially depended on their genealogical link with the migrants. This shows how tribal genealogy was given precedence over religiously based meta-genealogy of the sufi-order. The focus is also on politics shaped by ideology of British imperial state which created sufis as intermediary rural elite. The intrusion of state power in sufi institutions through land grants brought sufis into more formal relations with the government as well as the general population. The state patronage reinforced their social authority and personal wealth and became invested with the authority of colonial state. Using hagiographical sources, factors which integrated pir and disciples in a spiritual bond are also discussed. This relationship is discussed in two main contexts, one the hyper-corporeality of pir, which includes his power and ability to move through time and space and multilocate himself to protect his disciples. -
Albanian Contemporary Qur'anic Exegesis: Sheikh
ALBANIAN CONTEMPORARY QUR’ANIC EXEGESIS: SHEIKH HAFIZ IBRAHIM DALLIU’S COMMENTARY (Tafsir Al-Quran Kontemporari Albania: Ulasan Oleh Sheikh Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliu) Hajredin Hoxha1 ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to explore and analyze the main intellectual and religious trends and tendencies in the writings of Albanian Ulema in their dealing with Qur’anic studies, in the modern time, in the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. In conducting this study, the researcher has utilized inductive, historical, critical and analytical methodologies. The Albanian lands in the Balkan Peninsula were governed and ruled by the Islamic Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries. Historically, to some extent and despite the conflicts and clashes, Albanians were able to show to the world a very good sample of peace, unity and harmony among themselves, as a multi religious and multi ethnic society. The attention and the engagement of the Albanian Ulema with the Qur’anic sciences have been tremendous since the spread of Islam, and have to be taken into consideration. Despite the tough and serious political, economic and religious challenges in the 19th and 20th centuries, they were not distracted from conducting their learning and teaching affaires. As a result of very close contacts and relations with different ideologies, cultures and civilizations within the Ottoman mixed ethnicity and in the middle-east, the researcher based on different sources, was able to identify and discover Sunni Maturidi dogmatic approach in dealing with Quranic Exegesis in the Commentary of Sheikh Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliu-a case study. The results and conclusions of this study are to be taken into consideration also, especially when we know that the current and modern historical sources of Albania are deviated almost completely and not to be trusted at all, because they failed to show to the Albanian people a real picture of Islam. -
Alia Mossallam 200810290
The London School of Economics and Political Science Hikāyāt Sha‛b – Stories of Peoplehood Nasserism, Popular Politics and Songs in Egypt 1956-1973 Alia Mossallam 200810290 A thesis submitted to the Department of Government of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, November 2012 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99,397 words (excluding abstract, table of contents, acknowledgments, bibliography and appendices). Statement of use of third party for editorial help I confirm that parts of my thesis were copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Naira Antoun. 2 Abstract This study explores the popular politics behind the main milestones that shape Nasserist Egypt. The decade leading up to the 1952 revolution was one characterized with a heightened state of popular mobilisation, much of which the Free Officers’ movement capitalized upon. Thus, in focusing on three of the Revolution’s main milestones; the resistance to the tripartite aggression on Port Said (1956), the building of the Aswan High Dam (1960- 1971), and the popular warfare against Israel in Suez (1967-1973), I shed light on the popular struggles behind the events. -
When Art Is the Weapon: Culture and Resistance Confronting Violence in the Post-Uprisings Arab World
Religions 2015, 6, 1277–1313; doi:10.3390/rel6041277 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Article When Art Is the Weapon: Culture and Resistance Confronting Violence in the Post-Uprisings Arab World Mark LeVine 1,2 1 Department of History, University of California, Irvine, Krieger Hall 220, Irvine, CA 92697-3275, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, Finngatan 16, 223 62 Lund, Sweden Academic Editor: John L. Esposito Received: 6 August 2015 / Accepted: 23 September 2015 / Published: 5 November 2015 Abstract: This articles explores the explosion of artistic production in the Arab world during the so-called Arab Spring. Focusing on music, poetry, theatre, and graffiti and related visual arts, I explore how these “do-it-yourself” scenes represent, at least potentially, a “return of the aura” to the production of culture at the edge of social and political transformation. At the same time, the struggle to retain a revolutionary grounding in the wake of successful counter-revolutionary moves highlights the essentially “religious” grounding of “committed” art at the intersection of intense creativity and conflict across the Arab world. Keywords: Arab Spring; revolutionary art; Tahrir Square What to do when military thugs have thrown your mother out of the second story window of your home? If you’re Nigerian Afrobeat pioneer Fela Kuta, Africa’s greatest political artist, you march her coffin to the Presidential compound and write a song, “Coffin for Head of State,” about the murder. Just to make sure everyone gets the point, you use the photo of the crowd at the gates of the Presidential compound with the coffin as the album cover [1]. -
I Am a Salafi : a Study of the Actual and Imagined Identities of Salafis
The Hashemite Kingdom Jordan The Deposit Number at The National Library (2014/5/2464) 251.541 Mohammad Abu Rumman I Am A Salafi A Study of The Actual And Imagined Identities of Salafis / by Mohammad Abu Rumman Amman:Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2014 Deposit No.:2014/5/2464 Descriptors://Islamic Groups//Islamic Movement Published in 2014 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Jordan & Iraq FES Jordan & Iraq P.O. Box 941876 Amman 11194 Jordan Email: [email protected] Website: www.fes-jordan.org Not for sale © FES Jordan & Iraq All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publishers. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are solely those of the original author. They do not necessarily represent those of the Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung or the editor. Translation: Dr. Hassan Barari Editing: Amy Henderson Cover: YADONIA Group Printing: Economic Printing Press ISBN: 978-9957-484-41-5 2nd Edition 2017 2 I AM A SALAFI A Study of the Actual and Imagined Identities of Salafis by Mohammad Abu Rumman 3 4 Dedication To my parents Hoping that this modest endeavor will be a reward for your efforts and dedication 5 Table of Contents DEDICATION ........................................................................................................ 5 FOREWORD .......................................................................................................... 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................ -
Arabic Poetry As a Possible Metalanguage for Intercultural Dialogue Author: Daniel Roters
Arab-West Report, December 22, 2009 Title: Arabic Poetry as a possible Metalanguage for Intercultural Dialogue Author: Daniel Roters “For me the province of poetry is a private ecstasy made public, and the social role of the poet is to display moments of shared universal epiphanies capable of healing our sense of mortal estrangement—from ourselves, from each other, from our source, from our destiny, from the Divine” (Danial Abdal-Hayy, US-American poet) Introduction The aim of this study is to show how modern Arabic literature and poetry could help in the effort to understand modern Arab society and its problems. At the same time it will be necessary to describe the history of Arabic poetry if we want to understand how important poetry in contemporary Arab society is. This whirlwind tour through the history of Arabic poetry will be restrained to the function of the poet and the role of poetry played in general in Arabic-Islamic history. Indeed the preoccupation with works of modern writers should not only be an issue for organizations working on the improvement of intercultural dialogue. It is also of great importance that the scholarly discourse in Islamic or Middle Eastern Studies recognizes the importance of modern Arabic literature. Arabic literature could be another valuable source of information, in addition to the Qur' ān and Sunnah. If you 1 consider the theory of theologian Hermann Gunkel about the “Sitz im Leben ” (seat in life) and if we question a lyrical or prose text about the formative stage, it is possible to learn much about the society from which an author is addressing his audience. -
Incarceration As a Gateway to Wonder in the Poetry of Ahmed Fouad Negm
Contemporary Literary Review India CLRI Print ISSN 2250-3366 | Online ISSN 2394-6075 Vol. 7, No. 4: CLRI November 2020 | p 1-27 Incarceration as a Gateway to Wonder in the Poetry of Ahmed Fouad Negm Ahsan Ul Haq Ph D Research Scholar, Dept. of English, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J & K. Abstract Ahmed Fouad Negm (1929-2013), was an Egyptian poet writing poetry in colloquial Arabic. He is one of the most celebrated revolutionary poet of Egypt. Negm was arrests and imprisoned multiple times for his outspoken and dissent voice. It was behind the prison walls that he found his voice. His prison poetry has strong impact on the minds of Egyptian folk, and inspires resistance against the dictatorship and regimes. Negm, remains the most popular and vernacular poet of Egypt. Typifying the artist’s progress, from inside the prison/jail Negm continues to speak for the voiceless Egyptians. This paper is an attempt study his prison poetry, and how jail/prison infused spark in his art. The paper will Contemporary Literary Review India | pISSN 2250-3366 / eISSN 2394-6075 | Vol. 7, No. 4: CLRI November 2020 | Page 1 Incarceration as a Gateway to Wonder in the Poetry of Ahmed Fouad Negm | Ahsan Ul haq examine some of the best prison testimonials translate in English. Keywords: Ahmed Fouad Negm, prison/jail, incarceration/imprisonment, revolution, poetry. Introduction The themes of incarceration and exile are predominant in the poetry of Egyptian Vernacular poet, Ahmed Fouad Negm (1929-2013), who spent eighteen years of his life prisons. Negm was nicknamed as Al-Fagomi (the impulsive). -
Changing News Changing Realities Media Censorship’S Evolution in Egypt
ReuteRs InstItute for the study of JouRnalIsm Changing News Changing Realities media censorship’s evolution in egypt Abdalla F. Hassan Changing News Changing Realities Changing News Changing Realities media censorship’s evolution in egypt Abdalla F. Hassan Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism University of Oxford Research sponsored by the Gerda Henkel Foundation Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Department of Politics and International Relations University of Oxford 13 Norham Gardens Oxford OX2 6PS United Kingdom http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk Copyright © 2013 by Abdalla F. Hassan Design by Sally Boylan and Adam el-Sehemy Cover photographs by Abdalla F. Hassan, Joshua Stacher, and Lesley Lababidi The newspapers’ sting at first seemed slight and was conveniently disregarded, but its cumulative effect proved dangerous. By aggressively projecting political messages to its readers and generating active political debate among an expanding reading public . the press helped create a climate for political action that would eventually undermine the British hold on the country. (Ami Ayalon, The Press in the Arab Middle East) For Teta Saniya, my parents, and siblings with love, and for all those brave souls and unsung heroes who have sacrificed so much so that others can live free Contents Acknowledgments xi Preface:TheStateandtheMedia 1 I: Since the Printing Press 5 1. PressBeginningsinEgypt 7 2. NasserandtheEraofPan-Arabism 29 3. Sadat,theInfitah,andPeacewithIsrael 63 II: The Media and the Mubarak Era 79 4. Mubarak’sThree-DecadeCaretakerPresidency 81 5. Television’sComingofAge 119 6. BarriersBroken:Censorship’sLimits 137 7. FreeExpressionversustheRighttoBark 189 III: Revolution and Two and a Half Years On 221 8. -
Al-Ahram Weekly, 12-18 August 1999, Issue No. 442 Points of Reference, Ahmed Abdel-Moeti Hegazi I Knew Abdel-Wahab Al-Bayyati for More Than 40 Years
Al-Ahram Weekly, 12-18 August 1999, Issue No. 442 Points of reference, Ahmed Abdel-Moeti Hegazi I knew Abdel-Wahab Al-Bayyati for more than 40 years. And strangely, given the peripatetic nature of his life, we met for the first and last time in Cairo. I was 22 years old and he 31 when, in the winter of 1957, we met for the first time. The last time was earlier this year, when we both participated in a symposium held at the Cairo International Book Fair to celebrate 50 years since the emergence of free verse in Arabic. The last time I spoke to Al-Bayyati, though, was a few weeks ago, when I was in Paris, invited by the Institut du Monde Arabe to coordinate a festival of Arabic poetry scheduled for March next year. I suggested that a committee be formed bringing together people who might contribute to the success of such an event, and took it upon myself to contact Mahmoud Darwish, André Michael (the Arabic literature professor and head of the College de France), Gamaleddin Ben Sheikh and, of course, Al-Bayyati. We spoke over the telephone -- I in Paris, he in Damascus -- and he was full of energy as usual, and was as quick as ever to comment on the symposium in which we had both participated, and on the controversy that had ensued. Between our first and last meeting a great many miles have, of course, been covered. And for many of them we were fellow travellers, for I accompanied Al-Bayyati on many journeys, and visited him in many of the different places he would occupy -- the hotels and institutions, cafés and airports where he set up his temporary residence.