DIY Science Booklet
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Abstracts-Significant Digits
SIGNIFICANT DIGITS Responsible Use of Quantitative Information @Brussels, Fondation Universitaire 9-10 June 2015 Joint Research Centre Joint Research Centre Brussels, 09-10 June 2015 Preamble We live in an age when good policies are assumed to be evidence-based. And that evidential base is assumed to be at its best when expressed in numbers. The digital information may be derived from quantitative data organised in statistics, or from qualitative data organised in indicators. Either way, evidence in digital form provides the accepted foundation of policy arguments over a very broad range of issues. In the policy realm there are frequent debates over particular policy issues and their associated evidence. But only rarely is the nature of the evidence called into question. Such a faith in numbers can be dangerous. Policies in economic and financial policy, based on numbers whose significance was less than assumed, recently turned out to be quite disastrously wrong. Other examples can easily be cited. The decades-long period of blaming dietary fats for heart disease, rather than sugar, is a notable recent case. We are concerned here with the systemic problem: whether we are regularly placing too much of an evidentiary burden on quantitative sciences whose strength and maturity are inherently inadequate. The harm that has been done to those sciences, as well as to the policy process, should be recognised. Only in that way can future errors be avoided. In this workshop we will review a seminal essay by Andrea Saltelli and Mario Giampietro, ‘The Fallacy of Evidence Based Policy’. That paper contains positive recommendations for the development of a responsible quantification. -
Supersizing Daubert Science for Litigation and Its Implications for Legal Practice and Scientific Research
Volume 52 Issue 4 Article 6 2007 Supersizing Daubert Science for Litigation and Its Implications for Legal Practice and Scientific Research Gary Edmond Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr Part of the Evidence Commons Recommended Citation Gary Edmond, Supersizing Daubert Science for Litigation and Its Implications for Legal Practice and Scientific Research, 52 Vill. L. Rev. 857 (2007). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr/vol52/iss4/6 This Symposia is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Villanova Law Review by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. Edmond: Supersizing Daubert Science for Litigation and Its Implications f 2007] SUPERSIZING DAUBERT SCIENCE FOR LITIGATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR LEGAL PRACTICE AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH GARY EDMOND* I. INTRODUCTION: SCIENCE FOR LITIGATION AND THE EXCLUSIONARY ETHOS T HIS essay is about sciencefor litigation, its implications and limitations.' "Science for litigation" is expert evidence specifically developed for litigation-extant, pending or anticipated.2 Although, as we shall see, federal judges have demonstrated a curious tendency to restrict the concept to expert evidence associated with litigation which is underway or pending. Ordinarily, expert evidence developed for, or tailored to, litigation carries an epistemic stigma. Conventionally, the fact that expert evidence is ori- ented toward a specific goal is thought to impair the independence of the experts and the reliability of their evidence. This often manifests in con- cerns that evidence developed for litigation is inconsistent with scientific knowledge and the opinions of experts not embroiled in litigation. -
Open Data for Smart City and Urban Development
Open Data for Smart City and Urban Development Cases of Open Data Production and Use in the Global South Open Data for Smart City and Urban Development Cases of Open Data Production and Use in the Global South Contents Introduction . 4 Smart Cities, Civic Technology, and Urban Development . 5 Methods . 6 Cases . 7 Africa . 7 Asia . 12 South America . 15 Observations and Discussion . 18 OpenStreetMap and volunteerism . 18 OPEN DATA FOR SMART CITY AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT Infomediary roles and international connections . 19 Cities as hubs for open data . 21 Networking recommendations . 22 Appendix I . 23 Method . 23 Survey . 24 Appendix II . 26 Appendix III | References . 27 3 by All Bong OPEN DATA FOR SMART CITY AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT Introduction Increasing use of open data worldwide facilitates a variety of activities that include government transparency, citizen-government engagement and en- hanced delivery of public services . Open data has proven useful even in the global South where progress can often be inhibited by socioeconomic factors . In such places, open data enables governments, international non-govern- mental organizations (NGOs), and local public and private leaders to innovate and create. This suggests that the global South offers a plethora of experiences for all open data practitioners to draw upon . Events such as the International Open Data Conference (IODC) and organisations such as the Open Data for De- velopment network (OD4D) provide a home for open data practitioners from the global South . Such forums provide opportunities for networking among peers (rather than across a North-South divide) and showcasing of the work being done (as well as continuing needs) in countries such as South Africa, Ne- pal, and Sierra Leone . -
Open Source Hardware (OSHW) for Open Science in the Global South: Geek Diplomacy?
7 Open source hardware (OSHW) for open science in the global south: geek diplomacy? Denisa Kera INTRODUCTION The Do-It-Youself biology (DIYbio) movement originated in the U.S. in approximately 2009 around student iGEM synthetic biology competitions (durrett; field 2011; kuznetsov et al. 2012) as well as parallel open biology efforts in Europe and Asia with their connections to bioart and critical science practices in the late 1990s (bureaud; malina; whiteley, 2014). This movement merged in recent years with other movements coming from professional scientists advocating eScience, Open Science, Open Access and Open Data (neylon; wu, 2009; molloy, 2011; uhlir; schröder, 2007). The calls for changing the publishing model and opening the datasets while supporting online collaboration and crowdsourcing are starting to merge with attempts to reduce the cost of experimental research and increase reproducibility by building low cost customizable laboratory equipment (pearce, 2014; landrain et al. 2013). This convergence of hackerspace and makerspace OSHW interests with open science goals (open data, open access, online collaboration) created some unique opportunities to involve 134 Denisa Kera citizen scientists, but also scientists from the developing countries in alternative global research networks (kera, 2012A; kera, 2013). In this paper we want to reflect upon the critical role of open hardware in forming these unique South to South and South to North networks and research cooperation. We will analyse the issue as a form of “geek diplomacy” over open science. Geek diplomacy is a citizen, grassroots involvement in science which bridges various knowledge and infrastructural divides to create a more inclusive R&D response to challenging international political, social and scientific issues. -
Abstract Papers
Workshop on Philosophy & Engineering WPE2008 The Royal Academy of Engineering London November 10th-12th 2008 Supported by the Royal Academy of Engineering, Illinois Foundry for Innovation in Engineering Education (iFoundry), the British Academy, ASEE Ethics Division, the International Network for Engineering Studies, and the Society for Philosophy & Technology Co-Chairs: David E. Goldberg and Natasha McCarthy Deme Chairs: Igor Aleksander, W Richard Bowen, Joseph C. Pitt, Caroline Whitbeck Contents 1. Workshop Schedule p.2 2. Abstracts – plenary sessions p.5 3. Abstracts – contributed papers p.7 4. Abstracts – poster session p.110 1 Workshop Schedule Monday 10 November 2008 All Plenary sessions take place in F4, the main lecture room 9.00 – 9.30 Registration 9.30 – 9.45 Welcome and introduction of day’s theme(s) Taft Broome and Natasha McCarthy 09.45 – 10.45 Billy V. Koen: Toward a Philosophy of Engineering: An Engineer’s Perspective 10. 45 – 11.15 Coffee break 11. 15 – 12.45 Parallel session – submitted papers A. F1 Mikko Martela Esa Saarinen, Raimo P. Hämäläinen, Mikko Martela and Jukka Luoma: Systems Intelligence Thinking as Engineering Philosophy David Blockley: Integrating Hard and Soft Systems Maarten Frannsen and Bjørn Jespersen: From Nutcracking to Assisted Driving: Stratified Instrumental Systems and the Modelling of Complexity B. F4 Ton Monasso: Value-sensitive design methodology for information systems Ibo van de Poel: Conflicting values in engineering design and satisficing Rose Sturm and Albrecht Fritzsche: The dynamics of practical wisdom in IT- professions C. G1 Ed Harris: Engineering Ethics: From Preventative Ethics to Aspirational Ethics Bocong Li: The Structure and Bonds of Engineering Communities Priyan Dias: The Engineer’s Identity Crisis:Homo Faber vs. -
In Europe Big Open
Big & open in Europe A growth engine or a missed opportunity? Big and open data in Europe A growth engine or a missed opportunity? Sonia Buchholtz, Maciej Bukowski, Aleksander Śniegocki the Warsaw Institute for Economic Studies (WISE Institute) A report commissioned by demosEUROPA – Centre for European Strategy Foundation within the “Innovation and entrepreneurship” programme. Macroeconomic modelling and publication sponsored by Microsoft. Table of contents Abstract 2 Big data – will it unleash the full potential of computers? Introduction 1 Technological revolutions and general purpose Executive technologies Summary 3 Appendix A: Open data – Big and Open Data old resources Universal Impact but a new promise? Assessment model (BOUDICA) Summary & recommendations 4 Modelling the economic potential of big and open data in Literature Europe up to 2020 4 ↔ 5 Abstr act In this paper we discuss the economic potential of the current phase of the ICT revolution in Europe. We argue that a logical consequence of the exponential improvements in the computational power of inte- grated circuits and data storage capacities observed since the late 1960s, fi nds logical prolongation in the form of Big and Open data revolution. We support the view that ICT together with Big and Open data solutions reveal many features of General Purpose Technologies, and as such, have strong infl uence on the entire world economic system. We focus our quantitative analysis on Europe and with the help of a dedicated, bottom-up, macroeconomic model, which we call BOUDICA, we are able to estimate the economic potential of Big and Open data in all 28 EU member states. -
Impact of Opencourseware Publication on Higher Education Participation and Student Recruitment
Impact of OpenCourseWare Publication on Higher Education Participation and Student Recruitment Stephen Carson1, Sukon Kanchanaraksa2 (not shown), Ira Gooding2, Fred Mulder3, and Robert Schuwer3 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US 2Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, US 3Open Universiteit, The Netherlands Abstract The free and open publication of course materials (OpenCourseWare or OCW) was initially undertaken by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and other universities primar- ily to share educational resources among educators (Abelson, 2007). OCW, however, and more in general open educational resources (OER),1 have also provided well-documented opportunities for all learners, including the so-called “informal learners” and “independent learners” (Carson, 2005; Mulder, 2006, p. 35). Universities have also increasingly docu- mented clear benefits for specific target groups such as secondary education students and lifelong learners seeking to enter formal postsecondary education programs. In addition to benefitting learners, OCW publication has benefitted the publishing institu- tions themselves by providing recruiting advantages. Finally enrollment figures from some institutions indicate that even in the case of the free and open publication of materials from online programs, OCW does not negatively affect enrollment. This paper reviews evaluation conducted at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH), and Open Universiteit Nederland (OUNL) concerning OCW effects on higher education participation and student recruitment. Keywords: Distance education; open learning; open universities; distance universities; higher education; e-learning; online learning 1 In this paper we will use one reference term only (OCW), just for convenience and being fully aware of the definition differences between OCW and OER. Only in the case of possible misun- derstanding we refer specifically to OER. -
DIY CRISPR Christi J
NORTH CAROLINA LAW REVIEW Volume 97 Number 5 Legal, Ethical, and Policy Implications of Article 17 New Gene-Editing Technologies 6-1-2019 DIY CRISPR Christi J. Guerrini G. Evan Spencer Patricia J. Zettler Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Christi J. Guerrini, G. E. Spencer & Patricia J. Zettler, DIY CRISPR, 97 N.C. L. Rev. 1399 (2019). Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol97/iss5/17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Law Review by an authorized editor of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 97 N.C. L. REV. 1399 (2019) DIY CRISPR* CHRISTI J. GUERRINI, G. EVAN SPENCER & PATRICIA J. ZETTLER** Although scientists have been manipulating genomes since the 1970s, the recent discovery of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (“CRISPR”) has expanded the possibilities not only for what gene editing might accomplish but also who might accomplish it. Because CRISPR is relatively easy, efficient, and inexpensive, it is accessible to individuals— known as “citizen scientists”—who work in nontraditional laboratory settings and may not have formal scientific training. Prompted by concerns about human applications of CRISPR, the United States is cohosting a series of international summits on human gene editing, while organizations around the world race to issue their own reports and recommendations. For the most part, however, these efforts have focused on the use of CRISPR by professional scientists working in institutional settings who are already subject to layers of formal and informal oversight. -
Post Normal Science: Working Deliberatively Within Imperfections
Copernicus Institute Studium Generale Wageningen Science, Policy and Complex Phenomena 21 March 2007 Post Normal Science: working deliberatively within imperfections Dr. Jeroen P. van der Sluijs Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation Utrecht University & Centre d'Economie et d'Ethique pour l'Environnement et le Développement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France Universiteit Utrecht Copernicus Institute Haugastøl group: Jeroen van der Sluijs; Ragnar Fjelland; Jerome Ravetz; Anne Ingeborg Myhr; Roger Strand; Silvio Funtowicz; Kamilla Kjølberg; Kjellrun Hiis Hauge; Bruna De Marchi; Andrea Saltelli Universiteit Utrecht Copernicus Institute Complex - uncertain -risks Typical characteristics (Funtowicz & Ravetz): • Decisions will need to be made before conclusive scientific evidence is available; • Potential impacts of ‘wrong’ decisions can be huge • Values are in dispute • Knowledge base is characterized by large (partly irreducible, largely unquantifiable) uncertainties, multi- causality, knowledge gaps, and imperfect understanding; • More research ≠ less uncertainty; unforeseen complexities! • Assessment dominated by models, scenarios, assumptions, extrapolations • Many (hidden) value loadings reside in problem frames, indicators chosen, assumptions made Knowledge Quality Assessment is essential Universiteit Utrecht Copernicus Institute Universiteit Utrecht Copernicus Institute 3 paradigms of uncertain risks 'deficit view' • Uncertainty is provisional • Reduce uncertainty, make ever more complex -
D4science Data Infrastructure Service Level Agreement Service Level
D4Science Data Infrastructure Service Level Agreement Service Level Agreement Data Customer OpenMod Initiative Provider D4Science.org Start Date TBC End Date TBC Status DRAFT Agreement Date TBC D4Science https://www.d4science.org/ CHANGE LOG Reason for change Issue Actor Date Proposed Service Level Agreement 1.0 D4Science.org 30/08/2019 Service Level Agreement Page 2 of 42 D4Science https://www.d4science.org/ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABAC Attribute-based access control D4Science Distributed infrastructure for collaborating communities IT Information Technology TLS Transport Level Security VRE Virtual Research Environment SDI Spatial Data Infrastructure Service Level Agreement Page 3 of 42 D4Science https://www.d4science.org/ TABLE OF CONTENTS CHANGE LOG ............................................................................................................................ 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ 4 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ 6 1 SLA COORDINATES ........................................................................................................... 7 2 D4SCIENCE INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY .......................................................................... 9 3 THE SERVICES ............................................................................................................... -
Science on the Verge
Science on the Verge Andrea Saltelli Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities (SVT) - University of Bergen (UIB) & Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA) - Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB) Symposium at Copernicus Institute, Utrecht, Ruppertbuilding room 134, 25 February 2016, h16.30-18.00 Published by the Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes at Arizona State University, March 2016, on Amazon. http://www.amazon.com/Rightful-Place-Science- Verge/dp/0692596380/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1456255907&sr=1-1&keywords=saltelli http://www.andreasaltelli.eu/science-on-the-verge Dan Sarewitz, Preface Almodóvar, Swift, Laputa’s portrayal of XVIII science, science’s present predicaments Chapter 1. Andrea Saltelli, Jerome Ravetz, Silvio Funtowicz, Who will solve the crisis in science? This talk Chapter 2. Andrea Saltelli, Mario Giampietro, The fallacy of evidence based policy Quantification as hypocognition; socially constructed ignorance & uncomfortable knowledge; ancien régime; quantitative story telling Chapter 3. Alice Benessia, Silvio Funtowicz, Never late, never lost, never unprepared Trajectories of innovation and modes of demarcation of science from society: ‘separation’, ‘hybridization’ and ‘substitution’; what contradictions these trajectories generate Chapter 4. Ângela Guimarães Pereira, Andrea Saltelli , Institutions on the verge: working at the science policy interface The special case of the commission’s in house science service; the Joint Research Centre as a boundary institutions; diagnosis, -
Will Open-Source Biotech Stimulate Innovation in Health Care?
HEALTH HORIZONS SIGNALS SERIES Open-Source Molecular Biology: Will Open-Source Biotech Stimulate Innovation in Health Care? As the costs of innovation rise, many in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries see the value of more open access to intellectual property, along the lines of the open-source movement in software. Such a move toward “open-source biology” may spur other profound changes—new cures for neglected diseases in the developing world, and new business models and pathways for innovative drugs. Experimental organizations have already entered hybrid public–private collaborations, often turning to open-source intellectual property (IP) agreements to spur innovation and make drug development more affordable. Indeed, the pharmaceutical and biotech sectors may be forced to adopt open-source practices to stay in business. At the same time, open-source biotech could make public health systems far more responsive to global pandemics and other health emergencies. This memo is the first in a The biotech industry arose in the late 1970s when new intellectual property arrangements came together with venture capital and developments in life sciences such as monoclonal antibodies. series of Health Horizon’s Twenty years later, new norms are emerging in response to the evolution of life sciences and the Signals: Quick hit forecasts of innovation drought in pharmaceuticals and biotech. Although we now speak of “globalized life sciences,” less than 10 percent of the world’s health research dollars go toward problems that big-picture topics designed to affect 90 percent of the world’s population—the poor in developing countries.1 Meanwhile, stimulate long-term strategic industrialized nations face rising demand for expensive new vaccines and other drugs, the costs thinking.