In Practice No
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Green Roofs and Urban Biodiversity: Their Role As Invertebrate Habitat and the Effect of Design on Beetle Community
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 5-26-2016 Green Roofs and Urban Biodiversity: Their Role as Invertebrate Habitat and the Effect of Design on Beetle Community Sydney Marie Gonsalves Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Environmental Sciences Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Gonsalves, Sydney Marie, "Green Roofs and Urban Biodiversity: Their Role as Invertebrate Habitat and the Effect of Design on Beetle Community" (2016). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2997. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2998 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Green Roofs and Urban Biodiversity: Their Role as Invertebrate Habitat and the Effect of Design on Beetle Community by Sydney Marie Gonsalves A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science and Management Thesis Committee: Catherine E. de Rivera, Chair Amy A. Larson Olyssa S. Starry Portland State University 2016 © 2016 Sydney Marie Gonsalves Abstract With over half the world’s population now living in cities, urban areas represent one of earth’s few ecosystems that are increasing in extent, and are sites of altered biogeochemical cycles, habitat fragmentation, and changes in biodiversity. However, urban green spaces, including green roofs, can also provide important pools of biodiversity and contribute to regional gamma diversity, while novel species assemblages can enhance some ecosystem services. -
Transactions 1986
^ t TRANSACTIONS of THE NORFOLK & NORWICH NATURALISTS’ SOCIETY Vol. 27 Part 3 May 1986 ) TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORFOLK AND NORWICH NATURALISTS’ SOCIETY ISSN 0375 7226 Volume 27 Part 3 (May 1986) Editor A. G. Irwin OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY 1985-1986 President: Dr O. Rackham Vice-Presidents: P. R. Banham, A. L. Bull, K. B. Clarke, E. T. Daniels, K. C. Durrant, Dr E. A. Ellis, R. Jones, M. J. Seago, J. A. Steers, E. L. Swain, F. J. Taylor-Page Chairman: Dr G. D. Watts, Barn Meadow, Frost’s Lane, Gt. Moulton NR15 2HG Secretary: Dr R. E. Baker, 25 Southern Reach, Mulbarton NR14 8BU Asst. Secretary: R. N. Flowers, Heatherlands, The Street, Brundall Treasurer: D. A. Dorling, 6 New Road, Hethersett, Norwich NR9 3HH Asst. Treasurer: M. J. Woolner, 45 Gurney Road, Norwich NR5 OHH Membership Committee: R. Haney {Chairman), Miss J. Wakefield (Secretary Programme Committee: A. L. Bull {Chairman), Mrs J. Robinson {Secretary) Publications Committee: R. Jones {Chairman), Dr A. G. Irwin, M. J. Seago, R. Haney Research Committee: Dr A. J. Davy {Chairman), Mrs A. Brewster {Secretary) Hon. Auditor: J. E. Timbers, The Nook, Barford. Elected Members of Council: (Retiring 1986) Miss R. Carpenter, C. Dack, Mrs J. Geeson, R. Robinson (Retiring 1987) N. S. Carmichael, R. Evans, Mrs L. Evans, C. Neale (Retiring 1988) F. Farrow, A. Johnson, A. Scowen, Miss R. Walby Co-opted and Representative Members of Council: Dr Davy {University) and Dr Irwin {Museum) serve as officers. R. Hobbs {Norfolk Naturalists Trust), H. Ginn {Nature Conservancy Council) ORGANISERS OF PRINCIPAL SPECIALIST GROUPS Birds (Editor of the Report): M. -
Encyclopaedia of Pests and Natural Enemies in Field Crops Contents Introduction
Encyclopaedia of pests and natural enemies in field crops Contents Introduction Contents Page Integrated pest management Managing pests while encouraging and supporting beneficial insects is an Introduction 2 essential part of an integrated pest management strategy and is a key component of sustainable crop production. Index 3 The number of available insecticides is declining, so it is increasingly important to use them only when absolutely necessary to safeguard their longevity and Identification of larvae 11 minimise the risk of the development of resistance. The Sustainable Use Directive (2009/128/EC) lists a number of provisions aimed at achieving the Pest thresholds: quick reference 12 sustainable use of pesticides, including the promotion of low input regimes, such as integrated pest management. Pests: Effective pest control: Beetles 16 Minimise Maximise the Only use Assess the Bugs and aphids 42 risk by effects of pesticides if risk of cultural natural economically infestation Flies, thrips and sawflies 80 means enemies justified Moths and butterflies 126 This publication Nematodes 150 Building on the success of the Encyclopaedia of arable weeds and the Encyclopaedia of cereal diseases, the three crop divisions (Cereals & Oilseeds, Other pests 162 Potatoes and Horticulture) of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board have worked together on this new encyclopaedia providing information Natural enemies: on the identification and management of pests and natural enemies. The latest information has been provided by experts from ADAS, Game and Wildlife Introduction 172 Conservation Trust, Warwick Crop Centre, PGRO and BBRO. Beetles 175 Bugs 181 Centipedes 184 Flies 185 Lacewings 191 Sawflies, wasps, ants and bees 192 Spiders and mites 197 1 Encyclopaedia of pests and natural enemies in field crops Encyclopaedia of pests and natural enemies in field crops 2 Index Index A Acrolepiopsis assectella (leek moth) 139 Black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) 45 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 61 Boettgerilla spp. -
Species Composition and Zoogeography of the Rove Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of Raised Bogs of Belarus
NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 12 (2): 220-229 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2016 Article No.: e161201 http://biozoojournals.ro/nwjz/index.html Species composition and zoogeography of the rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of raised bogs of Belarus Gennadi SUSHKO Vitebsk State University P. M. Masherov, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection 210015Vitebsk, Belarus, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 02. January 2016 / Accepted: 20. January 2016 / Available online: 30. March 2016 / Printed: December 2016 Abstract. A review of Staphylinidae known from peat bogs of Belarus is presented with data on their distribution at various sites. The staphylinid fauna, as reported here, includes 66 species, 33 genera, and 10 subfamilies. The results showed a low species richness of rove beetles and a high occurrence of a small number of species. The regional zoogeography and composition of rove beetles in the Belarusian peat bogs are examined, and species are grouped in five main zoogeographical complexes and 7 chorotypes, reflecting their distribution. Most species had a European (26.15 %), Holarctic (21.53 %) and also Sibero-European (18.46 %) distribution. The Belarusian peat bogs are important ecosystems for survival of boreal species, including cold adapted beetles occurring in more southern latitudes. These includ specialized inhabitants of peat bogs: Ischnosoma bergrothi, Gymnusa brevicornis, Euaesthetus laeviusculus and Atheta arctica. The high proportion of boreal and boreo-montane species in the recent Belarusian peat bogs fauna clearly reflects its great proximity to cold habitats. Key words: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, geographic range, raised bogs, Belarus. Introduction the Central-East European forest zone and mixed forest zone. -
Grazing Lands
Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices on Fish and Wildlife parasitism/ nests-nesting/ pastures/ productivity/ public abundances in agricultural fields adjacent to wide borders, relations/ status/ wildlife/ federal programs/ wild birds/ which likely resulted from enhanced waste grain foraging nature conservation/ natural resources/ agricultural opportunities. Given these benefits to wintering farmland economics (general)/ land development, land reform, and birds, we advocate the integration of herbaceous field utilization (macroeconomics)/ dickcissel/ grasshopper border habitat in agricultural landscapes, particularly sparrow/ meadowlark/ brown headed cowbird/ upland borders of enhanced width. sandpiper/ Kansas/ Riley County © Thomson Reuters Scientific Abstract: Most Conservation Reserve Program contracts expire in 1997 and approximately 70 per cent of CRP fields 293. Winter bird use of Conservation Reserve Program in Kansas may be converted into pastures. The authors fields harvested for biomass. compared bird use of CRP fields to their use of pastures. Murray, Les D. and Best, Louis B. Total avian abundance was greater in pastures than on Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science 113(1-2): CRP fields. Data on five species using these habitats are 45-48. (2006) provided. NAL Call #: Q11.J68; ISSN: 0896-8381 © NISC Descriptors: conservation/ ecology/ man-made habitat/ land zones/ Aves: conservation measures/ Conservation 292. Winter avian community and sparrow response to Reserve Program fields/ habitat utilization/ winter habitat -
Rove Beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Communities in Transgenic Bt (MON810) and Near Isogenic Maize
Crop Protection 29 (2010) 567–571 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Crop Protection journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cropro Rove beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) communities in transgenic Bt (MON810) and near isogenic maize Adalbert Balog a,b,*,Jo´ zsef Kiss c,Do´ ra Szekeres c,A´ gnes Sze´na´si c, Viktor Marko´ d a Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Technical Science, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, 1/C Sighisoara str., Tg. Mures, Romania b Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller University, 159 Dornburger str., 07743 Jena, Germany c Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istva´n University, 1 Pa´ter Ka´roly str., Go¨do¨llo,} Hungary d Department of Entomology, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Corvinus University Budapest, A/II., 29-43 Villa´nyi str., H-1052 Budapest, Hungary article info abstract Article history: Field experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism of the underlying patterns (abundance, Received 4 August 2009 species richness, diversity and similarity) of rove beetles in transgenic Bt (MON810) and in near isogenic Received in revised form maize stands in Hungary. During the three-year (2001–2003) survey, 1538 individuals and 21 species 12 December 2009 were sampled with pitfall traps. The Cry1Ab protein expressed by the MON810 maize hybrid did not Accepted 15 December 2009 influence the overall community structure. After grouping staphylinids into guilds we found no signif- icant differences for non-aphidophagous predators and parasitoids, whereas there were significantly and Keywords: marginally significantly higher abundances for predators with aphids in their diet in isogenic maize Abundance Aphid prey stands in 2002 and 2003 respectively. -
Staphylinid Beetles As Bioindicators
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 74 (1999) 357–372 Staphylinid beetles as bioindicators Jaroslav Bohac Institute of Landscape Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Abstract The family Staphylinidae is one of the largest beetle families and is distributed worldwide in almost all types of ecosystems. The morpho-ecological characteristics of staphylinid beetle adults and developmental stages are summarized, and features pertaining to their potential use as bioindicators are highlighted. Methods of study and practical examples are given for the application of staphylinids as bioindicators both in seminatural and cultural landscapes. The structure of staphylinid communities in biotopes with various management practices is described. Future refinements in identification and sampling methods should result in increased use of staphylinids as bioindicators, possibly in combination with studies of other insects competing for the same resources. ©1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Staphylinidae; Communities; Seminatural and rural areas; Management; Bioindicators 1. Staphylinid beetles – general biology linids in central Europe. This paper presents general information about the morphology and ecology of The family Staphylinidae is one of the largest fam- staphylinid adults and developmental stages, fol- ilies of beetles, with about 32,000 known species lowed by data regarding the possible application of (Newton, 1990). The family is distributed worldwide staphylinids as bioindicators and a description of the and is found in practically all types of ecosystems. structure of beetle communities in selected biotopes. About half of the staphylinid species are found in lit- The data concerning staphylinids as bioindicators are ter, forming one of the most common and ecologically based on studies made in three biogeographic zones: important insect components of the soil fauna. -
A Natural History of Conspecific Aggregations in Terrestrial Arthropods, with Emphasis on Cycloalexy in Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
TAR Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 5 (2012) 289–355 brill.com/tar A natural history of conspecific aggregations in terrestrial arthropods, with emphasis on cycloalexy in leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Jorge A. Santiago-Blay1,*, Pierre Jolivet2,3 and Krishna K. Verma4 1Department of Paleobiology, MRC-121, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA 2Natural History Museum, Paris, 67 Boulevard Soult, 75012 Paris, France 3Museum of Entomology, Florida State Collection of Arthropods Gainesville, FL, USA 4HIG 1/327, Housing Board Colony, Borsi, Durg-491001 India *Corresponding author; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected]. PJ: [email protected]; KKV: [email protected] Received on 30 April 2012. Accepted on 17 July 2012. Final version received on 29 October 2012. Summary Aggregations of conspecifics are ubiquitous in the biological world. In arthropods, such aggregations are generated and regulated through complex interactions of chemical and mechanical as well as abiotic and biotic factors. Aggregations are often functionally associated with facilitation of defense, thermomodula- tion, feeding, and reproduction, amongst others. Although the iconic aggregations of locusts, fireflies, and monarch butterflies come to mind, many other groups of arthropods also aggregate. Cycloalexy is a form of circular or quasicircular aggregation found in many animals. In terrestrial arthropods, cycloalexy appears to be a form of defensive aggregation although we cannot rule out other functions, particularly thermomodulation. In insects, cycloalexic-associated behaviors may include coordinated movements, such as the adoption of seemingly threatening postures, regurgitation of presumably toxic compounds, as well as biting movements. These behaviors appear to be associated with attempts to repel objects perceived to be threatening, such as potential predators or parasitoids. -
ECORFAN Journal Rove Diversity (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Six
27 Article ECORFAN Journal December 2015 Vol.1 No.1 27-36 Rove diversity (coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in six coffee agroecosystems of Central Valley of Costa Rica CALVO-ARAYA, José Alonso´*† & GONZALEZ-HERRERA, Allan´´ ´Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. School of Agricultural Sciences, Entomology Laboratory. Heredia Costa Rica. ´´Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. School of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Entomology. Heredia Costa Rica. Received January 21, 2015; Accepted October 23, 2015 Abstract The family Staphylinidae is second family belonging to the Order Coleóptera, with most (47 744) described species. The rove beetles are insect ecologically significant, carrying out different roles in agroecosystems; in many cases as predators of agricultural pest. Between March of 2007 and October of 2008, samples of these coleopterans were carried out in six coffee agroecosystems belonging to Central Valley of Costa Rica. The sampling consisted in the Quadrat Sampling Method, in this method a wood quadrat (0,5 x 0,5 m) was placed around coffee plants, where litter was collected and subsequent it was sieved and placed into Berless funnels to insect extract. Analyses of the components of biodiversity for the species, were carried out, calculating biological diversity index (Shannon- Wiener), species evenness, Margalef richness, Jaccard similarity index, non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) as well. A total of 1406 specimens were captured. Of these, 382 (27,17%) were collected in Palmares, 355 (25,25%) in Tres Ríos Sombra, 212 (15,08%) in Barreal Sol, 183 (13,02%) in Barreal Sombra, 161 (11,45%) in Tres Ríos Sol and 113 (8,04%) in Naranjo. -
Effects of Management on Beetle Diversity of Chalk-River Floodplains
Beetle diversity of chalk river floodplains Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University College London 1 by VICTORIA SHEPHERD Department of Geography University College London December 2013 1 I, VICTORIA SHEPHERD confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. VICTORIA SHEPHERD 2 Abstract Anthropogenic land use changes have increasingly altered and fragmented floodplain landscapes. While the impacts of these alterations are being recognised for many plant and vertebrate taxa, limited information is available for highly diverse invertebrate families. Using a variety of approaches to diversity measurement, this thesis investigates carabid and staphylinid beetle assemblages across a range of chalk floodplain habitats in Norfolk, England. It aims to establish the roles anthropogenic and environmental factors play in shaping their communities in order to inform tailored conservation practices. Site management was identified as the dominant influence on beetle assemblages, underpinning the development of distinct communities amongst floodplain meadow, fen and woodland habitats. Surrounding landscape configuration also influenced beetle assemblages, confirming the wide-ranging, multi-faceted impacts of anthropogenic land use changes. Beetle communities in floodplain woodlands were both specimen- and species-rich across the highly heterogeneous forest microhabitats hosted within. Functional diversity analysis highlighted the vulnerability of certain functional groups to management and fragmentation. It confirmed the importance of conserving remaining remnants of natural floodplain woodlands to support vulnerable beetle communities. Floodplain fens harboured rare species, while their overall beetle diversity was surprisingly low. This was attributed to their limited habitat extent, fragmented distribution, and potentially legacies of past land use. -
Photographic Key to the Pseudoscorpions of Canada and the Adjacent
Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification No.12 (January 2011) BRUNKE ET AL. Staphylinidae of Eastern Canada and Adjacent United States. Key to Subfamilies; Staphylininae: Tribes and Subtribes, and Species of Staphylinina Adam Brunke*, Alfred Newton**, Jan Klimaszewski***, Christopher Majka**** and Stephen Marshall* *University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, School of Environmental Sciences, 1216/17 Bovey Building, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1. [email protected], [email protected]. **Field Museum of Natural History, Zoology Department/Insect Division, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago IL, 60605. [email protected]. *** Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055, rue du P.E.P.S., Stn. Sainte-Foy Québec, QC, G1V 4C7. [email protected] **** Nova Scotia Museum, 1747 Summer St., Halifax, NS, B3H 3A6. [email protected]. Abstract. Rove beetles (Staphylinidae) are diverse and dominant in many of North America’s ecosystems but, despite this and even though some subfamilies are nearly completely revised, most species remain difficult for non-specialists to identify. The relatively recent recognition that staphylinid assemblages in North America can provide useful indicators of natural and human impact on biodiversity has highlighted the need for accessible and effective identification tools for this large family. In the first of what we hope to be a series of publications on the staphylinid fauna of eastern Canada and the adjacent United States (ECAS), we here provide a key to the twenty-two subfamilies known from the region, a tribe/subtribe level key for the subfamily Staphylininae, and a species key to the twenty-five species of the subtribe Staphylinina. Within the Staphylinina, the Platydracus cinnamopterus species complex is defined to include P. -
Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Soybean Agroecosystems and Adjacent Hedgerows
Diversity, Habitat Use and Potential Biocontrol Services of Rove Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Soybean Agroecosystems and Adjacent Hedgerows by Adam J. Brunke A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Adam J. Brunke, August, 2011 ABSTRACT DIVERSITY, HABITAT USE AND POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL SERVICES OF ROVE BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) IN SOYBEAN AGROECOSYSTEMS AND ADJACENT HEDGEROWS Adam James Brunke Advisors: University of Guelph, 2011 Professor Rebecca H. Hallett Professor Stephen A. Marshall Rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in Ontario soybean-hedgerow agroecosystems were surveyed in 2009-2010 to identify common, widespread species and assess their potential biological control of Soybean Aphid and Bean Leaf Beetle. The spatiotemporal distributions, habitat use, and co-occurrence of staphylinids with soybean pests were studied to provide a framework for future agroecological studies of biocontrol services in soybean. A taxonomic review of the Staphylinina (Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) (‘large rove beetles’) for the geographic area of study was conducted and identification keys were created to assist in future staphylinid research. Common soybean staphylinids were generally exotic, penetrated field interiors, utilized hedgerow habitat outside the growing season and co-occurred with pest populations during vulnerable life stages. Several species exhibited nocturnal activity in soybean foliage. Biocontrol of overwintering Soybean Aphid and Bean Leaf Beetle populations in hedgerows by staphylinids may occur in buckthorn canopies and leaf litter, respectively. Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my advisors Drs. Rebecca Hallett and Stephen Marshall for their academic guidance and unwavering support over the course of my thesis research.