Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80253-6 - Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown Frontmatter More information Slovakia in History Until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Slovakia’s identity seemed inextricably linked with that of the former state. This book explores the key moments and themes in the history of Slovakia from the Duchy of Nitra’s ninth-century origins to the establishment of independent Slovakia at midnight 1992–1993. Leading scholars chart the gradual ethnic awakening of the Slovaks during the Reformation and Counter- Reformation and examine how Slovak national identity took shape with the codification of standard literary Slovak in 1843 and the subsequent development of the Slovak national movement. They show how, after a thousand years of Magyar–Slovak coexistence, Slovakia became part of the new Czechoslovak state from 1918 to 1939, and shed new light on its role as a Nazi client state as well as on post-war developments leading up to full statehood in the aftermath of the collapse of communism in 1989. There is no comparable book in English on the subject. mikulA´ Sˇ teich is Emeritus Fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge, and Honorary Professor, Vienna University of Technology (Technische Universita¨t Wien). His publications include work on the history of chemistry, biomedical sciences and biotechnology; social, economic and national aspects of scientific and technical developments; and Slavica. duSˇ an kovA´ Cˇ is Vice-President of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and President of the Slovak National Committee of Historians. His previous publications include Deˇjiny Slovenska (History of Slovakia, 1998). martin d. brown is an assistant professor of international history at Richmond, the American International University in London. His previous publications include Dealing with Democrats. The British For- eign Office’s Relations with the Czechoslovak E´ migre´s in Great Britain, 1939–1945 (2006). © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80253-6 - Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80253-6 - Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown Frontmatter More information Slovakia in History Edited by Mikula´sˇ Teich, Dusˇan Kovaćˇ and Martin D. Brown © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80253-6 - Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown Frontmatter More information cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Saõ Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521802536 # Cambridge University Press 2011 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2011 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Slovakia in history / edited by Mikula´sˇ Teich, Dusˇan Kovać, Martin D. Brown. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-521-80253-6 (Hbk.) 1. Slovakia–History. 2. National characteristics, Slovak. 3. Slovakia– Politics and government. I. Teich, Mikula´sˇ. II. Kovać, Dusˇan. III. Brown, Martin D. IV. Title. DB2763.S56 2010 943.73–dc22 2010022615 ISBN 978-0-521-80253-6 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80253-6 - Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown Frontmatter More information Contents List of figures page viii List of maps x Notes on contributors xi Acknowledgements xvii 1 Slovakia, the Slovaks and their history 1 duSˇ an kovA´ Cˇ 2 The Duchy of Nitra 15 jA´ n steinhU¨ bel 3 The beginnings of the nobility in Slovakia 30 jA´ nlukaCˇ KA 4 Medieval towns 38 vladimI´ rsegeSˇ 5 Renaissance and humanist tendencies in Slovakia 54 eva frimmovA´ 6 The period of religious disturbances in Slovakia 71 viliam Cˇ iCˇ AJ 7 The Enlightenment and the beginnings of the modern Slovak nation 87 eva kowalskA´ 8 Slovak Slavism and Panslavism 101 (þ)l’ u d o v I´ t haraksim 9 The Slovak political programme: from Hungarian patriotism to the Czecho-Slovak state 120 duSˇ an kovA´ Cˇ v © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80253-6 - Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown Frontmatter More information vi Contents 10 Slovakia in Czechoslovakia, 1918–1938 137 natA´ lia krajCˇ OVICˇ OVA´ 11 Slovakia from the Munich Conference to the declaration of independence 157 valeriA´ nbystrickY´ 12 The Slovak state, 1939–1945 175 ivan kamenec 13 The Slovak question and the resistance movement during the Second World War 193 jan rychlI´ k 14 The Slovak National Uprising: the most dramatic moment in the nation’s history 206 vilE´ mpreCˇ AN 15 The Slovak question, 1945–1948 229 (þ)michal barnovskY´ 16 Czechoslovakism in Slovak history 247 elisabeth bakke 17 The Magyar minority in Slovakia before and after the Second World War 269 Sˇ tefan Sˇ utaj 18 The establishment of totalitarianism in Slovakia after the February coup of 1948 and the culmination of mass persecution, 1948–1953 284 jan peSˇ ek 19 Slovakia and the attempt to reform socialism in Czechoslovakia, 1963–1969 299 stanislav sikora 20 Slovakia’s position within the Czecho-Slovak federation, 1968–1970 315 jozef Zˇ atkuliak 21 Slovakia under communism, 1948–1989: controversial developments in the economy, society and culture 330 miroslav londA´ k and elena londA´ kovA´ © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80253-6 - Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown Frontmatter More information Contents vii 22 The fall of communism and the establishment of an independent Slovakia 351 michal Sˇ tefanskY´ 23 Afterword: Slovakia in history 370 mikulA´ Sˇ teich Index 391 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80253-6 - Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown Frontmatter More information Figures 1 Mining regulations current in the Lower Hungarian Mining Towns (1703) page 46 2 Privilegium pro Slavis – decree by King Louis I the Great on German–Slovak parity in the town council of Zˇ ilina (1381) 50 3 Title page of J. B. Magin’s Apologia (1723) 106 4 Title page of J. Kolla´r’s Sla´wy dcera (Sla´va’s daughter) (1824) 110 5 Title page of Statutes of Matica slovenska´ in Slovak (Cyrillic and Latin alphabets) (1863) 129 6 Declaration of the Slovak Nation made in Turcˇiansky Sv. Martin (30 October 1918), published in Na´rodnie noviny 135 7 Milan Rastislav Sˇtefańik 139 8 Vavro Sˇroba´r 142 9 Andrej Hlinka 145 10 Milan Hodzˇa 145 11 The Vienna Arbitration (1938) 166 12 Jozef Tiso meeting Adolf Hitler (1941) 186 13 Jewish people in Trstena´ boarding transport to death camps in the East (possibly 1942) 189 14 Digging of an anti-tank ditch during the Slovak National Uprising 210 15 Slovak National Uprising armed fighters 215 16 Alexander Dubcˇek 306 17 Industrialisation (1954–1960): the East Slovakian Iron Works at Kosˇice 335 18 Gusta´vHusa´k 353 19 The two politicians who dissolved the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1992): Vaćlav Klaus and Vladimı´r Mecˇiar 367 viii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80253-6 - Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown Frontmatter More information List of figures ix Illustrations 1, 2, 5 and 6 from Institute of Historical Studies of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Illustrations 3 and 4 from D. Kovaćˇ, Deˇjiny Slovenska (1998). Illustrations 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 reproduced with kind permission of Cˇ TK Photobank/ Multimedia. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80253-6 - Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown Frontmatter More information Maps 1 Slovak Republic page xviii 2 The Kingdom of Hungary in the year 1000 20 3 The Duchy of Nitra in the eleventh century 22 4 The First Czechoslovak Republic 1918–1938 138 5 Slovakia during the Second World War 176 x © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80253-6 - Slovakia in History Edited by Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč and Martin D. Brown Frontmatter More information Notes on contributors elisabeth bakke is an associate professor and heads the bachelor programme in European studies at the University of Oslo. She studied political science and specialises in the politics and political history of Central Europe, especially Czechoslovakia. Her publications deal with questions of national identity, national self-determination, Czech– Slovak relations, and ideology and the concept of Czechoslovakism.

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