Western Honey Bee Apis Mellifera

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Western Honey Bee Apis mellifera Order Hymenoptera Family Apidae Genus Apis Species mellifera Geographic Range Native to the continents of Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the early 1600s they were introduced to North America Habitat Forest or fields where they can find flower nectar and honey Niche Terrestrial, herbivore, pollinator Wild Diet They love of flower nectar and honey Life Span 122 - 152 days Appearance Bright color pattern, they have compound eyes Adaptations They create elaborate nests called hives containing up to 20,000 individuals during the summer months. They work together in a highly structured social order. Each bee belongs to one of three specialized groups called castes. The different castes are: queens, drones, and workers. Fun Facts Honey is a thick liquid produced by certain types of bees from the nectar of flowers. Honey bees refine and concentrate nectar to make honey. Honey bees are not aggressive by nature, and will not sting unless protecting their hive from an intruder or are excessively provoked. At the Zoo Honey bees can be found in the Exploration Zone (formerly known as the Children Zoo) and in Greene’s Conservation Corner. Comparison Although bees and wasps belong to the same order of insect, Hymenoptera, they have many physical and behavioral differences. A physical difference includes bees having a rounder body with more hair giving them a fuzzy appearance and wasps having a slimmer body with less hair. As we know, bees are pollinators and are herbivores. Wasps are also pollinators, but they are carnivores preying on other insects. Bees also tend to be more social living in a group, while wasps vary species to species either being social or solitary. These are a couple of differences between bees and wasps. Status and Conservation Least concern, not endangered Threats Habitat loss, malnutrition, pollution (pesticides, etc.), parasites Bibliography http://www.sfzoo.org/animals/invertebrates/bees.htm, IUCN Red List, http://easyscienceforkids.com/difference-between-wasps-and-bees/, Photo by Marianne Hale .

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Honey Bee Immunity — Pesticides — Pests and Diseases
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Distance Master of Science in Entomology Projects Entomology, Department of 2017 A GUIDEBOOK ON HONEY BEE HEALTH: Honey Bee Immunity — Pesticides — Pests and Diseases Joey Caputo Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entodistmasters Part of the Entomology Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Distance Master of Science in Entomology Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Photo by David Cappaert, Bugwood.org 1 A GUIDEBOOK ON HONEY BEE HEALTH Honey Bee Immunity — Pesticides— Pests and Diseases By Joey Caputo A graduate degree project submitted as partial fulfillment of the Option III requirements for the de- gree of Masters of Science in Entomology at the graduate school of the University of Nebraska- Lincoln, 2017. Last updated April 2017 — Version 1.2 i Contents Introduction 1 Honey Bee Immune System 2 Mechanical and Biochemical Immunity 2 Innate and Cell-Mediated Immunity 2 Humoral Immunity 2 Social Immunity 3 Detoxification Complexes 5 Problems in Beekeeping 5 Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) 5 Bacterial, Fungal and Microsporidian Diseases 6 American foulbrood 6 European foulbrood 7 Nosemosis 8 Chalkbrood 10 Crithidia 10 Stonebrood 11 Varroa Mite and Viruses 11 Varroa Biology and Life Cycle 12 Varroa Mite Damage and Parasitic Mite
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Biological Pest Control
■ ,VVXHG LQ IXUWKHUDQFH RI WKH &RRSHUDWLYH ([WHQVLRQ :RUN$FWV RI 0D\ DQG -XQH LQ FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUH 'LUHFWRU&RRSHUDWLYH([WHQVLRQ8QLYHUVLW\RI0LVVRXUL&ROXPELD02 ■DQHTXDORSSRUWXQLW\$'$LQVWLWXWLRQ■■H[WHQVLRQPLVVRXULHGX AGRICULTURE Biological Pest Control ntegrated pest management (IPM) involves the use of a combination of strategies to reduce pest populations Steps for conserving beneficial insects Isafely and economically. This guide describes various • Recognize beneficial insects. agents of biological pest control. These strategies include judicious use of pesticides and cultural practices, such as • Minimize insecticide applications. crop rotation, tillage, timing of planting or harvesting, • Use selective (microbial) insecticides, or treat selectively. planting trap crops, sanitation, and use of natural enemies. • Maintain ground covers and crop residues. • Provide pollen and nectar sources or artificial foods. Natural vs. biological control Natural pest control results from living and nonliving Predators and parasites factors and has no human involvement. For example, weather and wind are nonliving factors that can contribute Predator insects actively hunt and feed on other insects, to natural control of an insect pest. Living factors could often preying on numerous species. Parasitic insects lay include a fungus or pathogen that naturally controls a pest. their eggs on or in the body of certain other insects, and Biological pest control does involve human action and the young feed on and often destroy their hosts. Not all is often achieved through the use of beneficial insects that predacious or parasitic insects are beneficial; some kill the are natural enemies of the pest. Biological control is not the natural enemies of pests instead of the pests themselves, so natural control of pests by their natural enemies; host plant be sure to properly identify an insect as beneficial before resistance; or the judicious use of pesticides.
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