February 4, 19'72 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2751 The legislative clerk proceeded to call PROGRAM tion is on agreeing to amendment No. the roll. Mr. BYRD of -Nest Virginia. Mr. Pres­ 813, offered by the able· Senator from Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. ident, on Monday the Senate will con­ North Carolina

E.XTENSIONS OF REMARKS

THE COURT AS A SUPER ward- the Supreme Court of the United States. ·but because court-ordered restructuring was LEGISLATURE If the court validates the reasoning in the · an expedient way to achieve the goal of racial cases, the principle of local control of.. edu- balance." cation will be a thtng of the past.· 'Public With an arrogance increasingly evident in HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. schools, root and branch, wm be remade the attitudes of some federal district courts, · according to judicial standards. The end re- Judge Robert R. Merhlge Jr. described his OF ~GINIA sult could be a national system of education. .revolutionary mandate as a "strict construc- IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES The first line ot cases arises from a quest tionist" Interpretation of the Constitution. Friday, February 4, 1972 for a school-by-school balance of races. In The decision in truth, whatever its merits, is what New York Timesman Tom Wicker called a radical expansion of judge-made law. Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, a cataclysmic decision, a federal judge in And that decision, like those from Texas the January 25 edition of the Miami Richmond has ordered the consolidation of and Minnesota voiding school financing Herald included an interesting and re­ three school districts because the defendant : methods in those states, invites the Supreme district had an Insufficient number of blacks Court to preside ovet a revolution in Amerl­ flective article written by Mr. Perry Mor­ to produce a racial balance pleasing to the can government. gan, who is the editor of the Akron, court. The Texas and Minnesota decisions must Ohio, Beacon Journal. The article con­ The court thus became, in a . twinkling, be read as requiring a rough equity in the cerns the recent U.S.·District Court de­ not only a super school board but a super amount of dollars spent on each school child cision that would order the merger of the legislature. It eradicated existing political within a state. This means-instantly-more school systems of Chesterfield and Hen­ subdivisions and ordered new ones created- means of raising and dis,tributing school rico Counties, Va., with that of the city changing tax rates, creating a new school monies. - of Richmond. board, and han~~ing other details once But if ft ls unconstitutional to have dls­ thought to be the responslb111ty of the peo- parities between districts :within a state, it This Ohio editor went directly to. the ple acting through their elected representa- follows logically that no more may b~ spent heart of the matter when he wrote: tives. on the education of a child in New York than The court thu·s became, in a twinkling, An educator quoted by The Wall Street on a. chlld in Mls.sisslppl; thus, the next step not only a super school board but a super Journal ·said: "The social and educational 1s to push the power.. beyond t~e hands of legislature. implications of the Richmond decision are the state and Into the hands of the federal overwhelming. r,otentially, it could affect government. , I ask unanimous consent that the ar­ . every American. · · The most dlst\H'b1ng element in · these ticle, entitled "Judge-Made Law Threat­ True, obviously. For the court in Richmond decisions ls not that they are radical but ens All," be printed in the Extensions of was not relying on a fiJ?,~ing of official acts . that they may ·well be reckless and senseless Remarks. · of discrimination _· or . of discriminatory . as well J-qdges are expert more or less on ·1ntent. It wa.s _saying that segregation North the. la.,..;.. They ·know uttl~ about education · - There being no objection:, the article ·or South, whether the product of discrimi- and seemingly oare little about the delicate . was ·ordered to be printed in the REcoan, nation, circumstance, happenstance or free . tollows: ' choice, must be ended and, with it, any local and complex bl~nd of public. attit~des amd .as or state laws that permit it. compromises. by which public school .. sys- .. JUDGE-MADE LAW 'l:HREATENS ALL ·. ~e court dic;l n_ot say this, as 'J'he Char- terns ar~ sustai~ed by citizen _interest and .(By Perry .Morgllon) . . lotte N-ews had stated; "because the three -· }aJF suppot't. . . . _ . . _ . Judieial activism~. seems .:fo ' '111ive reached .. schooi'"systeriis''were 'des1gned' :tor dlscrlmlna- ... Refe-rrtng. t9 -~h.e 'I'.ex~ ·. d~qisiciJ?-:,on _school . :. ~-ts .z~.nl~h' lii. :two li~~s 'of c~~s ~dy"ap.cing to- tQrY ·or. 1tiv1Ci1cn~s Qr ·.·unconsti~ut19naI ·ends, : -~:qancin~F.H~M"d'~ ~~.. ·-na11;~!; P_._·M_?yn?i&n ', ,,.. • • • ~ •' ' .t - • • • I • • ', • • • ' • ...... ~ ... . 2752 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1972 had this to sa.y in the a.nnual education sup­ that medical care, food, and other bene­ his family. At present, the prisoner is plement of The New York Times: fits for her children will decrease faster to "One may sympathize-as I do-with the only allowed visit his family in case of court's decision without having to suppose than her income increases. She must de­ emergency. that the judges had the slightest awareness cide between the well being of her chil­ On February 3, I introduced the Fam­ of t;he knowledge problems they were rais­ dren and her own self-pride. ily Visitation Act of 1972. This bill would ing, nor yet of the political problems they If we are to reverse the cycle of welfare afford prisoners in Federal prisons a 24- were bringing about by ordering the Legis­ dependency, we must rationally con­ hour furlough during each month of their lature to do something which on its own i,t struct an incentive system that is confinement subject to his or her good was clearly averse to doing." grounded on economic reality and not Similarly, lower federal courts have estab­ behavior during his or her incarceration. lished racial bala.nce as an antidote to racial on political rhetoric. As long as the wel­ Any violation of the furlough privilege discrimination without significa.nt evidence fare family loses a dollar of aid for every would be treated as an escape and sub­ that education will be improved for black or dollar earned, where is the incentive to ject to penalties under existing laws. The white. There is no certainty among educa­ take and hold the low-paying Jobs avail­ following is a statistical breakdown of tors, a.s contrasted with Judges, about tech­ able to them? Economic logic tells us our Federal prison population according niques that will bring about quality educa­ that only an incentive system providing to sex and marital status: tion for all American children. Yet legal for a percentage reduction of assistance Percent remedies a.re constantly prescribed for what 1 will have some chance of success. The Men ------20, 281 95.3 Moyn~han calls a knowledge problem. "The 1 most reasonable incentive plan, it seems Women ------762 4.7 courts," he says, "need a better understa.nd­ 2 Single ------5369 26.8 ing of what they a.re about." to me, would be to reduce assistance by 2 Married ------4464 22.2 William Raspberry, black columnist for The 50 cents for each dollar earned in a job. 2 Widowed ------165 0.8 Washington Post, has put it another way. Such a plan can be instituted without 2 10.0 "Racia.l segregation in public schools is Separated ------1998 a major, comprehensive change in the Divorced 2 ------1246 6.2 both foolish and wrong, which has led a lot welfare system. Common Law 2______877 4.4 of us to suppose that school integration 2 Not Reporting ------5946 29.6 must, therefore, be Wise and just ... (but) Mr. Speaker, the House has twice it ain't necessarily so ..." passed the comprehensive welfare re­ 1 Denotes population as of 1/13/72 (total: Surely it is time for the Supreme Court-­ form bill requested by the President. I 21,043). if it is to agree to judicial control over all supported his plan both times. It has 2 Denotes population as of October 1971 aspects of public education-to set forth the become evident that the other body will (total: 20,065). educational data a.swell as the constitutiona.l not pass the plan and that some of its The benefits to the married are obvious premises which would underlie such a sweep supporters are having second thoughts. of authoritarianism. since the bill would afford them an op­ The President has apparently backed off portunity to maintain some familial re­ on his commitment to H.R. 1 and will lationships, The benefits to the unmar­ settle for a "pilot program." If this is to ried prisoners would also be of Positive MAKE FREE ENTERPRISE WORK be the case, Mr. Speaker, I feel strongly nature since mothers, fathers, brothers, FOR ALL that part of the trial plan should be the and sisters would be able to maintain "50 cents on the dollar" incentive plan. better contact with their kin. And surely Once this is done, we will find out how it must be recognized that unmarried HON. RICHARD T. HANNA many employable people are on welfare OF CALIFORNIA adults also have sexual drives and needs. and how many jobs are available to While the Federal law presently pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES them. vides for emergency furloughs, it does Thursday, February 3, 1972 This country, it is often said, has pros­ not provide for conjugal fw·loughs. Con.: pered primarily as a result of the free jugal furloughs have several practical Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, in a Wash­ enterprise system. Such a system relies ington Post article on January 31, Mrs. advantages over conjugal visits. First, Alice RivUn offers many telling com­ on market incentives to accomplish both conjugal visits pose the problem of suit­ individual and collective goals. Our cur­ able accommodations within the prisons ments on the pace and direction of wel­ rent welfare system grossly violates this fare reform. As she correctly states: and even when such arrangements are principle. The provision in H.R. 1 which available, they are often distasteful to The biggest obstacle to agreement on re­ requires a person to accept a job would form of the welfare situation is the fa.ct that the couple or family because they are the American people, and their represent­ make the situation even worse unless the conducted to a prison facility. Second, atives in Congress, have wldely divergent financial provisions are altered to pro­ conjugal visits present certain psy­ views about how to make sure that able vide a 50-cent reduction in benefits for chologically harmful effects and admin­ bodied poor people work. every dollar earned. As the present sys­ istrative impracticalities for unmarried When all the rhetoric is stripped away, tem and H.R. 1 stand now, we are say­ inmates. the differences on this point come down ing that we will force people to work and There has been much rhetoric recently to whether to use itlcentive or compul­ also see to it that they have less income concerning prison reform and many sion. in the process. This would make a States are reexamining their penal codes. To a great extent, the difference of mockery of the free enterprise system in The Federal Government, by introduc­ opinion on this question rests on a lack America. ing a family furlough program in the of understanding and knowledge about Federal prisons, could take the lead in a meaningful way. the paor-who they are, what they want, THE FAMILY VISITATION ACT and what motivates them. Many Ameri­ OF 1972 cans are guilty of assuming that the poor flt a stereotype image which has little, HON. EDWARD I. KOCH LA CAUSA COMUN-SELF-HELP FOR if any, basis in fact. As Mrs. Rivlin puts PUERTO RICANS it: OF NEW YORK The compulsion advocates reany believe IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that poor people are lazy and do not want HON. HERMAN BADILLO to work ... while the incentive advocates Thursday, February 3, 1972 · believe that many mo,re poor people want OF NEW YORK Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, one of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to work than can find jobs. major complaints that is frequently While the "welfare chisler" is a pop­ voiced about our prison system is that Thursday, February 3, 1972 ular whipping boy at election time, the the total confinement of a prisoner and Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker. on numer­ facts are that only a very small percent­ resulting lack of sexual relationships ous occasions over the past 14 months, I age of welfare recipients are able-bodied have grossly affected prisoners adversely. have discussed with our colleagues and males. Almost all welfare family heads It has encouraged homosexuality in the others the many problems encountered are aged, disabled, or mothers with in­ prisons and destroyed family ties, which by the 1% million mainland Puerto Ri­ fant children. The tragedy is that, under are needed if the prisoner is to be re­ cans in fully participating in the politi­ the present system, work is discouraged formed. The U.S. Parole Board has stated cal, economic, and social life of our coun­ even when it can be found. If a welfare that one of the most important facets of try. I have demonstrated that the aspi­ mother talces a job, it is almost certain the prisoner's return to normal life is ra~ons of many of those who migrated to February 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2753 the United States from Puerto Rico have assistance: ( 1) one concerns the Puerto tion requirement of the order (by consulting not been realized and that emigration to Rican with a language barrier and cultural the Office of Federal Contra.ct Compliance difference so great that he cannot become and others), ·monitoring the compliance pro­ the mainland has often failed to result in a functioning, employed individual without grams already in effect (watchdogging the the economic salvation many had so des­ much help; (2) the other concerns the better hiring practices, for one) , and building a perately hoped for. educated Spanish surnamed person espe­ strong equitable construction compliance The Puerto Rican seeks nothing more cially the unemployed, who needs a place for program (having some input in evaluating than what other immigrant groups have self-identification and stimulation. and planning improved programs). achieved. Our community is actively La causa Comun wlll be an outreach pro­ The Puerto Rican Courts Program Activity searching for economic security and in­ gram aimed at Puerto Ricans in the North­ would serve the needs of these minority group dependence; full access to our educa­ east.... The purpose of the organization is members through the following kinds of di­ to be a national service center to administer verse functions; assisting courts by providing tional and social institutions; equal op­ to the comprehensive needs of its people. interpreter services, counseling for police de­ portunities in employment, housing, and La Causa Comun will be a center run by tainees, assisting residents in obtaining legal health services; and the enjoyment of ba­ young Puerto Ricans for Puerto Ricans. a.id, assisting in counseling and interpreter sic human rights and freedoms and La Causa Comun, a development center, services for jury selectees and other court ap­ equal protection and treatment under wlll be a touch-stone, which the Puerto pointees, and aiding the employment of law. Rican and his agencies wlll use when in Spanish persons in law enforcement areas. There is much to be done to secure fair need. They will turn to La Causa Comun The Federal Prisons Program Activity is and equitable treatment for Puerto Ri­ Development Center to help him enter the aimed at providing counseling, visiting, and proper channels. The center will serve as a administering a :financial fund for Puerto cans. However, our community is proud clearing house and will endeavor to keep Ricans, who are prisoners or ex-prisoners of having a tradition of taking the ini­ Puerto Ricans and other Spanish speaking (and their fam1lies) of the State or Federal tiative ourselves. In many areas the Bo­ in the Northeast alert to all federal, local, Prison System. ricua is working to achieve the goals of private and state programs for minorities. La Causa Comun hopes to conduct a talent equality and fair treatment for his fel­ AC'OVITIES search, campus visitation, and intenslfled low compadre and himself. A number of Proposed programs include: Employment school visitation program. This has grown out grassroots programs are underway de­ program, Medical Health program, Educa­ of the knowledge that many Puerto Rican signed to help Puerto Ricans to compete tional program, Housing program, Law and students leave high school before graduation on an equal basis with other groups, to Justice program, New Business and Eco­ and, in fact, the Spanish surnamed commu­ nity, as a. whole, has a very low level of educa­ secure their just share of governmental nomic program, Welfare program, and Social aid, and to participate in various Federal, Participation program. These activities indi­ tional attainment, on the average, which ls cate a concern for both scope and balance in perpetuated through each succeeding genera­ State, and local programs on the same the planning and administering of programs tion.On-campus visitations would make col­ basis as other ethnic and nationality to deal with the Puerto Rican individual as lege a realistic possib111ty in the minds of groups. a total person. high school students. They would be encour­ One of these efforts is a new and am­ A comprehensive survey of the socio-eco­ aged to talk with Puerto Rican college stu­ bitious program-La Causa Comun-pri­ nomic characteristics and geographic distri­ dents and counselors about admissions, finan­ marily aimed at assisting Puerto Ricans bution of Puerto Ricans in the Northeast. cial aid, housing, and student activities. An The survey wm be continued to verify any intensified school visitation program to bring in the Northeast. Serving as a type of the college into a high school setting ombudsman and providing a variety of changes due to migration or social-economic development. At the same time, respondents (through college representatives coming to technical and resource capabilities, this will be informed about their voting rights. the high school) would expose many Puerto development center and action agency There wlll be satellite stations developed, Rican young people to college life and, hope­ will be staffed by young Puerto Ricans ana similar surveys throughout the North­ fully, arouse interest. Similar programs, all dedicated to assisting their fell ow Puerto eastern states will be administered. aimed by upgrading the educational attain­ Ricans in New York, Philadelphia, New­ "La Oausa." is a bilingual publication fea­ ment and employabllity of young Spanish ark, Washington, Bridgeport, and the turing articles in Spanish with corresponding surnamed people, would be developed in ad­ many other areas where our people have transliations in English; this source will serve dition to the two mentioned. settled. as the main communicative link between La Causa Comun hopes to deal with the the Center and Spanish surnamed persons in whole issue of public employment. The orga­ This unique undertaking is the result the northeast community. nization proposes to develop a program to of the tireless efforts of two energetic and There wlll be established a nominal coun­ help create public employment career oppor­ capable young men-Jose Gutierrez and seling and referral service, predominantly in tunities for the Puerto Ricans and Spanish Willie Vasquez. Individually and together the following areas: Naturalization, Housing, surnamed in the Northeast. Unfortunately, they have contacted numerous Govern­ Immigration, Legal Matters, Labor Relations, the implementation of civil service laws have ment officials, private agencies, edu­ Discrimination, and Health. Competent spe­ often failed to carry adequately equal em­ cators, manpower experts, community cialists in these complex areas will be re­ ployment provisions for these system disad­ cruited to serve the universe of needy people. vantaged people. La Cause. Comun hopes to development authorities, and others, provide leadership in an action program. briefing them on their proposal and elic­ HOUSING It ls planned that a Task Force of experts iting their support These young men La Causa Comun proposed to provide hous­ on public employment will review the issues and their program reflect the deep con­ ing services in the following areas: and offer constructive change. Targets of con­ cern the Puerto Rican has for his own Home ownership,-provide counseling (ad­ cern will be: archaic laws, unrealistic selec­ community and his willingness to devote vertising, intervlewlng, referring, counseling) tion standards, excess professionalism, petri­ to low income Puerto RAoan fam1lles to quali­ fied job structures, static recruitment, cul­ considerable time and effort to help it. I fy them for eltglbillty for home ownership tural bias in tests. Besides reforming the sys­ commend Jose and Willie for their dedi­ under the FHA section 235 mortgage pay­ tem, the Task Force would work with train­ cation and perseverance. ment subsidy program. ing and developing strong applicants, facil­ I submit for inclusion in the RECORD, a Rental Housing Referral Service-provid­ itating government cooperation, upgrading brief description of La Causa Comun and ing for a file of available realtors and for acceptance of Spanish surnamed, and offering its proposed services: interviews for possible rent payment subsidy. better supportive services to applicants. The implementation of the housing pro­ LA CAUSA COMUN gram would require the services of a.n Experi­ Puerto Ricans hold a unique place in enced Housing Counselor, who would train American society. They a.re distinguished by two Puerto Rican Housing Counselor ON MULTINATIONALS both language and social and cultural Trainees. Thus, perpetuating the expertise. dlfferencea. As a result, their socialization into the American mainstream ls doubly dis­ LAW AND JUSTICE advantaged. The recent economic decUne has Many Puerto Ricans are unable to under­ HON. RICHARD T. HANNA shown Puerto Rican persons to be partic­ stand and exercise thell' rights to Equal Pro­ OF CALD'ORNIA ularly vulnerable to labor market fluctua­ tection Under the Law. The Law and Justice IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions and discriminatory practices. Project propose to see to it that the people Of an approximately 3% m1111on Puerto are informed of their rights and that in fa.ct, Thursday, February 3, 1972 Ricans/Spanish surnamed persons located in equal rights are delivered to them. Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, many Amer­ the Northeast, there are a sizable number Executive Order 11246 orders that the r.atlo icans are concerned about and mystified (at least 66% of those 25 or older) who have of minorities participate in a more equitable not completed high school and are in need manner in employment hiring practices. In by the growing trend of international of help, in education and job placement in­ the Northeastern states, La Causa Comun corporations or multinationals, as they formation and training, to at least establish a can become an important monitoring agent are called. There is a great deal that we foothold in the economic mainstream. There to insure compliance by undertaking the fol­ need to know about them, particu[arly is a dual constituency of those requiring lowing activities: defining the affirmative ac- since demands are being made on the 2754 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1972 Congress to take legislative action to re­ more beneflc.1ail than ha.rmful, and they companies went multinatione.I by movins strict this development: Before we can should be viewed as builders of world peace American-developed products a.nd techniques and understanding, not as detractors from offshore to protect foreign markets, today we do ·anytping worthwhile, we had better that goal. see more and more companies fully recog­ have a clear picture of what·we are deal­ In· -discussing the how a.nd why of the in­ nizing the techntce.1 contributions that all ing with. ternational business system, or corporation, employees can make no matter where they I would like to call to the attention of I wlll use my own company as a.n example. are found. the Members of the House a speech Honeywell ma.nufactures a.nd markets auto­ In addition to the technical ab111ties we given by Mr. Allan L. Rudell of the Hon­ mation products throughout the world. These find in our international operations, we also eywel}l Co. at the November 9 meeting automation products include environmente.1. find enormous managerial and executive tal· control systems for residences and commer­ ent .. As a measure of this, of the 28,000 em­ of town hall in Los Angeles. Mr. Rudell cial buildings; sensing a.nd recording instru­ ployees in our non-U.S. operations, only 94 speaks from his personal experience as ments; systems to control and monitor in­ a.re Americans a.nd only a. handful of these a vice president of one of the multi­ dustrial processes; control and guid1ance sys­ a.re in upper management positions. The head nationals: tems for aerospa.ce a.nd defense applications, of our United Kingdom operation ts an A DEFENSE OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS and computers. American but senior management in France Because I Mn most fa.miliar with the com­ ls French, in Italy they're Italian and so (By _Allan L. Rudell) pany's computer operations, I will concen­ forth. An American bas been described as a per­ tmte on that portion of the business. Also, In some instances we find that we are son who drives home in a German car from I think th>alt the woTld computer business ls partners with local companies. Compagnie a French movie; slips off his Hong Kong a good example of the contributions and Honeywell Bull, which operates in Conti­ suit and Italian shoes; puts on his English workings of the global company. nental Europe and parts of Africa and Latin robe and Mexican slippers; and sips Brazilian We are in the information business. Com­ America, ls a joint effor·t between Honeywell coffee from Dutch china while sitting on puters, as I'm sure you know, are elootronic and Compagnie Ma.chines Bull, with Honey­ Danish furniture. Then he writes a letter to tools that accept, store, process and dlsseml­ well having a two-thirds ownership. his congressman on Canadian paper with a ne.te information that people put iruto them. Another method of having local equity par­ Japanese pen-demanding that the govern­ Nothing more and nothing less than process­ ticipation in a multinational company is by ment .do something about all the gold that's ing information. offering the corporation's stock on foreign leaving the country. The need and flow of inlormaition is not exchanges. This Honeywell does in Brussels, My remarks today are entitled "A Defense oonfined to any one country. The flow of in­ and hopefully, soon in Parts. of Inter-national Business." It ls not my in­ formation ls not stopped by boundaries (the To recap briefiy the why and how of Honey­ tention to overstate the importance of the Iron Curtain ls even being railsed a bit), well's international computer business: The international business corporation, which and hence the need for tools to process that flow and processing of information is inter­ most people today call multinationals, but I information--computers--ls. worldwide in national in scope, and the lightning speed do feel that they play a vital role in world scope. and power of the computer is making lt more affairs. This ls what I want to talk about: It is this fa.ct that caused Honeywell to so. An example is one of our time sharing net­ How they operate; Why they operate as develop, manufacture and market computers works ln Europe. A subscriber in Paris taken they do; And what effect they have in broad­ on a worldwide scale. And of course it is his telephone, which can be coupled with a er international affairs. this factor that causes any co·mpa.ny in any computer terminal, dials a local number, and Some brief background information is in business to go inteTna.tlonal. If the need for gets .tn touch with the central processing order. For all the new talk about American a produ<}t or service ls international in scope, unit, which happens to be in Cleveland, Ohio. multinational companies, it must be realized aind the resources for design, development It is done by satellite, and for all the sub­ that this phenomenon is neither new nor and ma.nufa.cturlng are interniatlonal in scriber knows or cares, the computer might strictly American. Corporations have oper­ scope, then the companies will be intern,a,.. be in the next room. The subscriber only ated on a global scale for centuries. Indeed; tional in soope. cares about getting his information processed this nation got its start from European In Honeywell Information Systems we have in the most expeditious manner; if he can commercial interests who . subsidized colo­ four opera.ting organizations, ea.ch corre­ get his information processed in Cleveland nists in the New World. The St. James settle­ sponding to market territories. Since each efficiently and cheaply and just as fast, then ment in Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay geographic organization 1s e.Iso engaged in so be it. Company in my home state are but two of the design, development a.nd manufacture of We operate on an international scale be­ the more prominent examples. computers, I am not referring just to sales cause the information ~uslness ls interna­ As to the second point, that multinationals outlets when I refer to our international tional. We design, develop, manufacture and are not strictly American; many of the.larger business. The operating components a.re ver­ market around the world because that's international corporations are headquartered tical organizations, and we have facilities for where the business ls. In each country in outside the United States. Shell, Lever Broth­ the design, development and manufacture of which we operate, we do so with nationals ers, Bayer, and Nestle are common household computers and . related ,equipment in the of that country; and we see equity interest in names throughout the United States--and United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the concern around the world through yet all of them are European concerns. I Germany, France, Italy and, through licens­ minority ownership situations and through sometimes wonder how many Americans ing agreements, in Japan. stock offerings on foreign exche.nges. realize that. ~ The coordination of these four components Well, up to now, you've probably thought, Thus multinational corporations are not is something we call our Worldwide Mission "Well that's a fine commercial for Honey­ new, and they are not the exclusive property Assignment Plan. I mention it because I well. But what significance does lt have if I of America. I think it is important to keep think it is a fine example of the worldwide don't work for Honeywell or own stock in the that in mind- when we hear the strident character of the information business, and, company?" voices of critics both in this country and by inference, of other industries. Each of our I think that's a fair question, and the abroad. These are the p_eople who say these four operations, in addition to their mar­ answer is that it ls significant because it is new American giants have given the world keting responsibtllties, has the total world­ an e~ample of what international corpora­ a new structure. that is uncontrolled and wide responslblllty for the development, tions are all about. What Honeywell does are playing with the lives and economies manufacture and distribution of certain today may not be recorded or remembered of nations around the world for someone's computer systems and related equipment. As in the long run. But the activities of all private gain. you might expect, the whole plan ls a bit corporations operating around the world, Quite the contrary. Many people around complicated, but as a rule, large a.nd medium taken together, will be important 100 or the world benefit from the operations of the systems are produced in the United States, 200 years from now. so-called mulJ.itlll!alt1oniaJ. comp'a.Ilies. Certainly as well as minicomputers; small systems in To move from the specifics of Hqneywell to the stockholders of a company benefit from Italy and very' sma.11 systems in France. the generality of international business, I increased revenues, and hopefully profits, Medium scale and minicomputers a.re pro­ think that the existence and prosperity of from the broader opemtions. Labor also bene­ duced in the United Kingdom. Regarding the international corporation ls vital for the fits because more new· markets mea.n more peripheral equipment, the United States has United States economy. Such organizations jobs. Locai, or "host," econom.ies beneflt in the mission for mass storage deyices. France provide outlets for American products and many ways. The hos.1; gets infusions of capi­ has the mission for line prtn~ers and termi­ technology, and at the same time they a.re taJ. from ma.ny new sources. New technology nals, and Italy has the assignment for serial avenues for bringing internationally-de­ is introduced: New jobs a.re created, as a.re printers. Although that is a bit of an over­ veloped techniques and products to the new tax doUars. Living standa.rds rise, and simplification, I think it indicates the faith United States. In the computer business, we consumers a.round the world can avail them­ we have in the internatlone.l posture of our have learned that technology is not a one­ selves of new products produced be'bter than busin:ess and the capabUlties of our people. way street out of this country. I'm sure' the before. It is also indicative of the worldwide coopera­ same holds true for other businesses · and To be sure, there ha.ve been a.buses in the tion· that can result from people working industries. · past, a.nd abuses exist today. No system is toward a common goal. "'Rultlnational corporations .also· enable perfect, and there is precious little .that can­ Of particular slgnificanc~ is that much ad­ American firms to hold and protect their not be improved. But I think that today's vanced technical work ts done on an inter­ mark~:t shares abroad, tllus furtherl~g the international business operations are fa.r national scale. _Whereas 1,n the past, ma.ny well-J:>eing of the Americ:an economy. When February 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2755 there are worldwide markets for a variety of The multinational company has proven parties that have expertise in the given fields products, choosing not to participate in them that such cooperaition between different should cooperate in making their data avail­ is economic suicide. The economics of the day countries can exist. I deal every day with able for use by the international data banks. · dictate that companies take advantage of people from America, Canada, England, Italy, Governments, universities and business or­ scale in order to be efficient and profitable. France, Germany, Japan and so forth. And I ganizations should contribute what they can The multinational corporation ts also a find that the cooperation we need for the in order to make as much information as positive factor in this country's balance of mutual prosperity of all of us is there to be possible available to people around the globe. -payments situation. One-fourth of all U.S. found. I recognize that businesses would not give exports are shipped to subsidiaries or operat­ If business organizations can do it, then out proprietary information, and govern­ ing units of U.S.-based international com­ there is no reason the rest of the world can't ments would not release material of a top panies. Thus, if these companies did not avoid conflicts. This is perhaps the most secret nature. But I still believe that a vast exist, our exports would shrink by a quarter. lasting impact that multinational business wealth of knowledge would be available for Another contribution made to the balance can have on the world. At a time when we these data banks. of payments situation is the money these can literally incinerate ourselves at the I'm sure most of you are fam111ar with Alvin businesses earn through their international touch of a button, I think it would be pru­ Toffler•s book, Future Shock. Mr. Totner states operations. In 1970 American direct invest­ dent for critics, gov,ernmen,t heads, and the that if we divide the last 50,000 years of man's ment abroad totalled approximately four bil­ average citizen to take a look at tlle facts existence on earth into lifetimes of 62 years lion dollars, bringing the cumulative total to and the record of international business. each, there have been 800 lifetimes. The first approximately $71 blllion. The money this Good will and prosperity can prevail, and 650 of them, were spent in caves. And, he investment brought in, in the forms of profits, the record of the international business sys­ states, "The overwhelming majority of all fees, payments for licensing, and so forth, tem proves it. material goods we use in daily life today have was eight blllion dollars. So foreign invest­ But the f~ct that business has proven that been developed within the present, the 80oth, ment ls not really a net outflow of American cooperation and good will can be achieved is lifetime." dollars. It ls an investment that yields sub­ not enough. Too often in the past business The relev,a.nce of this ste.tement is this: the stantial returns. has been content to ignore critics, even well­ Egyptians learned how to make bricks thou­ As for the world in general, I firmly be­ meaning critics, until the criticism has sands of years ago, but there are some socie­ lieve that the world ls a better place to live reached crisis proportions. Pollution, con­ ties in the world that still do riot know how because of international business. Of course sumeristn, auto safety and many other ex­ to make bricks. Today we have a core of pro­ I am not so naive as to think that the inter­ amples abound. fessionals and technologists throughout the national corporation ls a panacea for the I think that what is needed are programs world who are intimately involved with the world's ms, but I do think it is a positive from multinational organizations that will diay-to-d,ay problems of their societies, and contributor to world peace and understand­ further the causes of world peace and un­ they are using technology to solve many of ing. derstanding on an international scale. For them. Twenty-five years ago saw the end of example, I would propose worldwide data With the worldwide computer-based net­ World War II. In those 25 years we have seen banks dedicated to solving the social prob­ work I have described, it will be possible to the economies of the Western world become lems of the day. Such data banks would instantly transmit technology around the intimately intertwined. Each of the Western serve the needs of concerned people, pro­ world to help solve the problems of all peo­ countries has prospered as trade between fessionals and technologists around the ples. No longer will a society have to wait them skyrocketed and as multinational firms world by rapidly disseminating information 5,000 years to make a brick .•. or to have all flourished. Most important there has not to concerned parties to help them solve their the knowledge available for combating social been armed conflict between them. I think problems. ills. For in an accelerating world, we also see this is no accident. As countries and econo­ Each data bank would be dedicated to a accelerating social problems. mies flourish, the possibiUty of war lessens. specific area of concern-a particular disci­ Again to cite Mr. Toffler, we a.re presently To put it cynically, the countries involved pline, if you wm. For example, we would in an era of rapidly accelerating change, and would have too much to lose. have data banks dealing with · medicine, the speed of change t.s causing people to fall In the underdeveloped world, we do see housing, agriculture, nutrition, air pollution, behind. With the instantaneous capab111ties conflict, and we do not see flourishing econ­ marine biology, meteorology, and many of the computer an~ a force of dedicated peo­ omies and heavy involvement of multina­ many more. Each data bank would be under ple and organizations around the world, per­ tional corporations. This too is no accident. the sponsorship of an appropriate interna­ haps we can harness this rapidly developing The loyalties of people are being pulled and tional organization or professional society technology and use it for the social benefit tugged one way and another. But the one dealing with the area of concern. of all. common key is the promise of economic im­ The professionals and technologists, the provement ·and a raised standard of living. people who would use the data bank, could We live in an imperfect world, and in a come from anywhere. Business, government, THE BLACK MUSLIM MOVEMENT­ time when people often cannot live a.micably industry, academia--wherever. They would RARICK REPORTS TO ms PEOPLE because it is the moral thing to do, many be able to share the information contained people enjoy peacefuI rela.tions because t.t is in the worldwide repository for the better­ the economic thing to do. The Europen Com­ ment of their societies. HON. JOHN R. RARICK mon Market has meant that a conflict be· The possib111ties of such networks a.ire tween the states of Western Europe ls vir­ astounding. For example, statistical data on OF LOUISIANA tually impossible. The EEC has tied the lives housing problems in any given society could IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Western Europeans together to the be transmitted to the worldwide data bank Thursday, February 3, 1972 point where war is unthinkable. on housing. Their it could be instantly ac­ The relative peace but absolute prosperity cessed by professionals anywhere in the Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, I recent­ of the past quarter century is due to many world. They would take that knowledage and ly reported to my people on the Nation things. One of the key factors has been the data, and work out solutions which would of Islam or the Black Muslim movement. proliferation of international business. then be transmitted back to the appropri­ I insert my report in the RECORD at this Along with the international involvement of ate people in the country involved. point: the United States government, and the turn­ An area of growing concern today is pollu­ ing of the attention of the American people tion of the oceans. A worldwide data bank RARICK REPORTS TO Hrs PEOPLE ON THE BLACK to the international scene; along with the on marine biology would be continually up­ MUSLIM MOVEMENT realization on the part of the member states dated with the latest marine information The J,anuary 10th ambush and masse.cre of Europe that their future lies in coopera­ from around the world, alerting people to of deputy sheriffs and city police officers by tion; the international business organization dangers, and helping them with solutions. identified Black Muslims resulted according has made the world a bit more llvable. Since the data banks would be under the to the latest count in the deaths of two The Wall Street Journal, in a recent edi­ sponsorship of international organizations white deputies and three black men with torial headlined "World Depression," indi­ such as professionM societies, they would be · over thirty injured as well as in the disrup­ cated that the economy of each country in free from control of individual companies or tion of race relations in a ·peaceful commu­ the Western World was dependent in varying governments. Yet they would serve as the nity. Four hundred National Guard troops degrees on the economies of all the others. connecting links, the storehouses of timely were called to duty to bolster local and State It said that to a void a world depression, we and pertinent information, for the use of the police in enforcing dusk-to-dawn curfew must avoid unilateral action, and aim for professionals in the given discipline. which was imposed to protect the lives and cooperation. We must cooperate with each To create such data networks requires sev­ people of the community. other so that we all can prosper. eral steps and the cooperation of many peo­ Because of the violence and ha.voe wrought I might point out, however, that I recog­ ple and organizations. First, of course, they by the Bia.ck Muslim fia.natlcs and because nize the unilateral decisions of a short-term would have to be funded, and here I think of the threat they pose to the domestic tran­ na,ture are sometimes necessary to correct the United Nations could play an important quility of any community, the people have tempo~ary imbalances in the world trade role, along with concerned governments and a right to know the goals and background situation. The danger is that these tempo­ private organizations. of this subversive group. So, I thought today rary measures may become long-term meas­ Second, the relevant data would have to we'd discuss the Black Muslims-their or­ ures that may well be counter-productive. be given to the data bank. I think that a.Ii igin, background, beliefs, and activities. 2756 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1972

Most of the facts I shall present about the BELIEFS AND ACTIVITIES eral Southern States whether by coincidence Black Muslims a.re found in their own offi­ According to Muslim teachings of Elijah or not seems to be the same program in­ cial newspape~. "Muhamm,ad Speaks," and Muhammad, the blacks are not Negroes, they stigated ~nd supported by the Communist a.re contained in the report--Report No. 3 are Asiatic black men and were the first peo­ Party. A group known as the Republic of of Janui&:ry 9, 196~ of the Joi~t Legislative ple on the Earth. Allah who is God appeared New Africa has been purchasing land in sev­ Committ~e o~ Un-Ameri~n -"ctivities of the in the person of Master W. Fard Muhammad er al Southern States apparently to esta.iblish State of Louisiana from hearings following 1n July, 1930 as the long-awaited "Messiah" communes as bases of operations, and just a. Muslim incident in Monroe, Louisiana in of the Christians and the "Mahdi" of the last year there was a confrontation between 1960. The report is entitled, "Activities of Muslims. the police and members of the Republic of 'The Nation of Islam' or the Muslim Cult of In a Muslim Training Manual obtained by New Africa when they attempted to establish Islam in Louisi~ne.." the Monroe, Louisiana police during a 1960 a base nea.r Jackson, Misslssi,ppl. Over 3 years ago, in a speech to the House of Representa­ ORIGIN AND BACKGROUND investigation of the Muslims in Monroe, whites are referred to at least 16 times as tives, I reported in some detail about the In 1930 while the communist leaders in Black Secession Movement. Moscow were engag~ in dellneating their "white devils" who overran and enslaved the original people-The Asiatic blacks. Muslims The muslims believe in allegl·ance to the policy of "Self-deter~ination for the Ne­ Nation of Islam and not to the United States. groes in the Black ~elt" of the United States are taught that their last names are names given to them by the white devils and not Fard explained to his followers that it was which called for the establishment of a. sepa­ stupid to pledge allegiance to ·a flag that rate, free, and independent black nation to their true names, so they adopt the name of "X" until such time as their name will be offered no protection against "the depravities be made up trom the States of Mississippi, of the white devils" who by "their trick­ Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia. and South restored by Elijah Muhammad. However, New York police have said that the Black nology kept the black illiterates to use as Ca.roltna.; a.n itinerant peddler appeared. in tools and slaves. The American flag is referred the Negro community of Detroit and was Muslims become eligible to use the letter "X" when they seriously maim or klll a white to in Muslim doctrines and teachings as "the going from house to house selling pots, pans, rag," silks, raincoats and other wares. This ma.n's person. The Black Muslims are taught to believe that the white man is the devil in­ Further evidence as given in the Louisiana name was w. D. Fa.rd but he also went by report of the use of the guise of religion by the names Fa.rrad Mohammad or Mohammad carnate and integration with the white man is rejected on this basis. New York State Po­ Muslims "to give credence and dignity to AU. He had Just recently been released from their programs of calculated disloyalty, sedi­ San Quentin Prison on a · narcotics charge, lice are reported to have a list of 75,000 identified Muslims in their state alone. tion, and racial hatred" is a plaque which During his business, he began to preach from the Monroe Police seized in the Black Mus­ the Koran, the Moslem Bible. He later de­ According to "Muhammad Speaks" of April 17, 1970, the Muslims believe the offer lim temple in Monroe in 1960. voted his full time to preaching. In 1930 he In the upper left-hand corner of the was Joined by a. Negro named Elijah Poole, a of integra,tion is hypocritical and is made by those who are trying to deceive black peoples plaque is the American flag and under it is native of Georgia. The two acquired a. few the word "Christianity" and a cross, and be­ followers aµd began what they called the New into believing that their white devil enemies low that a rather crudely drawn picture of a Lost-Found Nation of Islam. are suddenly their "friends" and that such colored man hanging from a treelimb by a Fard took on a.ri air of mysticism, dressing deception is intended to prevent black peo­ rope, and the words, "Slavery, Hell and in a. long flowing white robe, and clainilng ple from realizing that the time in history Death." Then in the center are the words, that he was originally tro~ the Holy City of has a.rrived for the separation from the whites "Which one wm Survive the War of Armaged­ Mecc~that he had been sent to America as of this nation. don" and a question mark; and on the right Savior of the "first people"-the "Asia.tic On October 11, 1963, Elijah Muhammad side of the plaque ls what purports to be the black man." wrote: flag of Islam with. the word Islam underneath After a while, Fa.rra.d Moh~mmad-Fard­ "We believe our contributions to this land it, and the words, "Freedom, Justice, and who ca.me to be known as the "prophet", and the suffering forced upon us by White Equality." began denouncing the white race and attack­ America, justifies our demand for complete Is there any tie-in between the Black Mus­ ing the teachings of the Bible. separation in a state or territory of oull own. lims and the Communist Party of the United Thus beg~n the movement known as The "If White people are truthful about their States? An article in the Jackson Daily News Nation of· Islam or Black Muslims which to­ professed friendship toward the so-called of August 26, 1962 revealed that Claude day 1s ruled by their teacher Elijah Mo­ Negro, they can prove it by dividing up Amer­ Lightfoot, Vice-Chairman of the Commu­ hammad-who is Elijah Poole. ica. with their slaves.'' nist Party, U.S.A., urged communists "to Who in reality was this W. D. Fa.rd a.Has The Joint Legislative Committee on Un­ work for the growing, fanatical, all-Negro, Farrad Mohammad and from where had he American Activities of the State of Louisiana Muslims, also known as the Nation of Islam, come? found that Elijah Muhammad "has direo·tly to get them involved in what they termed In his book., The Black Musltms in Amer­ stated that the Negro Amel'icans, fol' all of a. mass-struggle.'' He told the Communists ica, Professor c. Eric Lincoln related numer­ whom he purports to speak, 'insist' upon they were "duty bound to go along with our ous legends as to Fard's origin. Reporter Ed 'some land' in this United States of America Muslim brothers to help light and under­ Montgomery, however, in an article in the for a separate nation, free from all currently standing among them.'' New York "Mirror" of July 30, 1963, docu­ existing governmental authority. The State The Louisiana. Joint Legislative Commit­ mented Fa.rd's background with information of Louisiana was specifically mentioned along tee on Un-American Activities found: contained in police records in California and with several others as part of the land de­ "The influence of the communist con­ Michigan. According to these police records, sired by the Muslims. The method of acqui­ spiracy tn the Nation of Islam appears to be Fard is not a Negro, but a white man. His sition of this land is unspecified by Muham­ significant and dangerous. The communists true name is Wallace Dodd. He was born in mad, but in view of his various teachings and support the cult because of the classic com­ New Zealand on February 26, 1891. He mar­ speeches . . . there does not appear to be munist doctrine of attempting to destroy the ried a Los Angeles waitress who bore him a much doubt how this land is to be had. The faith of the people in their own institutions. son, Wallace Dodd Ford on September 1, cult members have in fact engaged in vio­ Through the Nation of Islam, the commu­ 1920. On the son's birth certificate, Dodd lence in several different places in this State nists see hope for producing their desired alias Fa.rd listed himself as "white.'' and Nation, which violence was invariably goals of progressive dis111usionment, dissat­ So, from the research available, it appears directed against duly constituted authority isfaction, and disloyalty." that the founder of the Black Muslims was a as represented by police officers or custodians "Muhammad Speaks," the official organ of white man who hides behind the cloak of of institutions of correction and deten­ the Black Muslims, while having no praise religion to teach Negroes to hate white peo­ tion ... for black anti-communists such as the late ple, our country and our civilization. Elijah Muhammad has predicted there will Moise Tshombe, has openly praised not only As a result of his followers' offering a hu­ be a "battle of Armageddon" in which white Nkrumah and Kenyatta, who are black Com­ man sacrifice in 1933, Fard alias Dodd alias rule in the U.S. will be overthrown. The munists, but also Ben Bella and Castro who Mohammad All was run out of Detroit and Muslims foresee their coming to power are White Communists. Communism not race since then there has been no trace of him. through a United Front of Black Men who ts the common factor worthy of praise by Before his disappearance, he named Elijah will take the fight into the streets. Black Muslims. Poole to succeed him. Elijah Poole, who later In Washington, D.C., as in many other large A report on the closed convention of the changed his name to Elijah Muckmud, and cities where the broadcasters a.re required Socialist Workers Party in August, 1963 then to Elijah Muhammad, says that Fa.rd by the FOC to program their shows to the showed that ln attendance at the sessions of returned to Mecca to keep ln touch spirit­ racial minorities of the area, Black Muslims this Communist organization were members ually. Reporter Ed Montgomery says that are given free time-just as ls a church of the Black Muslims who took pa.rt ln dis­ police records show Fard returned to New minister-but to preach their interpretation cussions on resolutions relating to Negro Zealand. of black superiority and their diatribes of activities which advocated closer orientation Elijah Muhammad later moved the head­ hatred for White people. of the Socialist Workers Party toward the quarters, or the Temple, to Flint, Michigan Washington, D.C., Chicago, and New York Muslim movement. and then to Chicago where it is presently may be a. long way from Louisiana. but so The Louisiana. Committee conducting the located. He follows the teachings of Fa.rd were the Muslim leaders who provoked the hearing on the Black Muslims found that the whom he describes as Allah himself who Baton Rouge shoot out. Nation of Islam is a subversive organization had come and gone and claims that he is The program of the Black Muslims for within the meaning of Louisiana statutes. the messenger of Allah. forming a separate Black Nation out of sev- FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover ln testimony February 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2757 before the Subcommittee of the House Com­ himself and four other mansions for his bipartisan support of his legislative con­ mittee on Appropriations on February 16, children and aides costing $350,000 each. cepts, while turning every facet of the 1967 stated thwt the Nation of Islam was an The multifarious business enterprises of the executive branch into a separate, but "all-Negro violently anti-governmental and Muslims include 20,000 acres of farmland,_ anti-white organization." He characterized in Michigan, Georgia, and Alabama. In equal, branch of the "Nixon for Presi­ the NOI as a "very real threat to the internal Chioago alone the Mu.sllms have two super­ dent" campaign. The two grants, to security of the Nation." markets, a bakery and fish store, a restau­ Miami and San Dieso, were used as po­ I have no quarrel wLth the Muslims as a rant, coffee shop and dairy-and more are litical toys for the administration. An­ religious group to believe what they wish in the planning. The Muslims have a $1.5 other fundamental question rears i~ and to practice their religion as they see fit million printing plant for their newspaper head amid all this, Mr. Speaker. Why so long as they do it legally. The Constitu­ and recently purchased a $4.4 milllon Greek did not LEAA simply wait 1 month and tion secures freedom of religion for all in Orthodox Church to be used as a new mosque. America. The four-engine Super Constellation which announce both grants at the same time-­ However, when they preach sedition and is available for Muhammad's use will be soon explaining details of each? Again, a sim­ disloyalty and practice violence to achieve traded in for a jet. Where did the Muslims ple answer, newsmen and voters all across their objectives, then it is time that they be acquire this enormous wealth? You the peo­ the country would have easily seen that brought to trial for their lllegal actions. ple have a right to know. the city of San Diego is getting nearly Evidence e~ists that these Muslims have two and a balf times as much money to been allowed to tour by caravan across State control crowds during the RepUblican lines and from city to city; and by use of Convention, even though some of the intimidation raise money and conduct mem­ PLAYING POLITICS WITH LEAA bership drives without any interference from equipment to be used in Miami will be the U.S. Justice Department. sent to San Diego at the Democratic The seriousness of such penetration into HON. JEROME R. WALDIE Convention. the Baton Rouge community in the January And so, Mr. Speaker, I come here to­ 10th shoot-out was not made available to the OF CALIFORNIA day to set the record straight in a bi­ local law enforcement people by the Federal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES partisan manner. I wish to include both authorities. Some of the first police officers Thursday, February 3, 1972 articles about the convention in the CoN­ on the scene weren't even aware that Muslims were involved. Somewhere, there has been a Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, for 2 GB.ESSIONAL ltECOB.D ~o that my colleague serious laxity in Federal law enforcement and months now I have been sitting quietly can get the full benefit of each, in rela­ a breakdown in communications between while the Law Enforcement Assistance tion to the other. Federal criminal intelllgence and the local Administration completes its funding And, in doing so, Mf. Speaker, I would law enforcement officials. allocations to the two cities that will urge that my colleagues analyze each So, I have urged the Committee on In­ host national party conventions this story with the full impact of some of the ternal Security, at the earliest possible op­ statements in mind. Please notice that portunity, to conduct l_learings into the Black year. I have been waiting 2 months be­ Muslim movement so as to clarify any splli::i­ cause it took that long for LEAA to final­ the Republicati Convention is intent on ter movement or rebel faction as well as sup­ ize the grant that will go to the city of making sure all newsmen are taken to ply those of us in Congress with the in­ San Diego, Calif., to protect the Repub­ the front of the demonstrations-sup­ vestigation necessary toward additional Fed­ licans. posedly to get a better view, but also to eral legislation, if necessary, to prevent any Mr. Speaker, you anq my colleagues restrict their activities. recurrence of such nomadic extremists up­ And, :finally, Mr. Speaker, I wish all setting race relations in peaceful communi­ will certainly remember a newspaper ties in the future. article, printed in December, which went my colleagues will realize that this en­ In view of the above facts, I have urged the into great detail concerning protective tire matter was drummed, up by the ad­ President to invoke his Executive Order 11605 measures to be taken in Miami. At best, ministration as part of a political cam­ to recommend that the Attorney General the article was sordid-describing how paign of paranoia. Get the Democrats petition the Subversive Activities Control moneys would be spent on tanks, gas sidetracked----expose the riots of 1968- Board to conduct appropriate hearings to grenades, police helmets, handcuffs, and delay the funding of San Diego until this make a determination as to whether the television monitor and taping equipment entire funding matter for Miami has been Muslims are a subversive organization. allowed to sink into the subconscious of Punitive measures must be taken to curb designed to make arrests more con­ the mega.I actions of any subversive group clusive. the voter. It is a comment on our leader­ which attempts to (lestroy the nation. But, even more important, Mr. Speak­ ship and its p,arty when they openly play In conclusion, I quote another finding of er, is the fact that LEAA took it upon upon the emotions and paranoia of a the Louisiana. Joint Legislative Committee itself to advise Democratic National public while betting on the belief that on Un-American Activities: Chairman Lawrence O'Brien of the no one will look back at this develop­ "The Committee notes that the responsible $395,424 grant and ask for his comments. ment, place the facts in context, and negro people of this State hold no sympathy To put this in perspective, we must re­ realize what they have done. for the Nation of Islam, and are firmly op­ As I said in the beginning, Mr. Speak­ posed to it or any organization wl_lich member that LEAA made a big thing of preaches disloyalty and violence. The Nation detailing exactly what this equipment er, I have been sitting back quietly for 2 of Islam purports to offer to negroes, through was being used for, then admitting that months now, letting the LEAA spider so-called 'religion', three things which many some of the bigger stuff would be trans­ weave its web and finish its work. Now, I people, both negro and white, greatly need, ferred to California for the Republican only hope that inclusion of these two namely: personal and racial pride, self dis­ Convention. Now we come to the crux of articles in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD will cipline, and good moral standards. The com­ the matter. open the eyes of the "voter-moth,'' so mittee is convinced that negro citizens can 8, 1972, that it may make a sound decision on readily acquire all of these things through On January the. Sacramento personal responsibiUty within the frame­ Bee ran an article detailing the LEAA which way to fly in the elections of 1972. work of the Constitution of the United States grant to San Diego, with the general The articles follow: and without being a part of a movement theme that law enforcement officials in SAN DIEGO Is PREPARED To AVOID RIOTS which openly advocates calculated disloyalty the city were going to make sure nothing (By John Berthelsen) to all constitutional authority and bitter happened there like the incidents of racial hatred to the point of actual murder San Diego is taking every precaution to Chicago, 1968. The grant, Mr. Speaker, make sure there ls no instant replay of of white people!' is for $920,000, of which over $250,000 I have ma.de this report and called for in­ Chicago '68 during the GOP nominating con­ vestigations by federal authorities because will be used for training alone. vention Aug. 21-25. the people and especially loca.[ and State The question is begging to be asked, Paramount in those precautions ls train­ police officers have a right to know about Mr. Speaker: Was Robert Dole, Chair­ ing for what James W. Connole, the Ban the goals and activities of this black sep­ man of the Republican National Commit­ Diego pollce inspector in charge of the law aratist organization which so affects their tee contacted by LEAA and asked for a enforcement task force for the convention, lives as well as who concocted the ta.ntastic calls "crowd control, . crowd management, comment? I do not think so. constitutional protection of participants." history of the origin of the black and white The entire procedure is a simple one to races as contained in their training manual. Of the city's total $920,000 Law Enforce­ And I might add, who finances them. Ac­ understand. The Nixon administration is ment Assistance Act federal grant, $258,900 cording to a. story in "Newsweek" of Janu­ now in office and using every office under is budgeted for training, and not just train­ ary 31, estimates of the wealth of the Black their command to wage a political battle ing officers to tell how to tell demonstrators Muslims ran as high as $75 mllllon. Muham­ on the road to the campaign. Mr. Nixon their rights as they are loaded onto the mad ts building a new $500,000 mansion for has the audacity to call on Congress for bus. 2758 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1972

THE BEST, JUST IN CASE forces for next year's Democratic national Florida Gov. Reubin Askew has placed "It's been said before," repeats the 20- convention. Miaini Beach police chief Rocky Pomerance year Yeteran of the force. "We are going to The federal.grant, quietly approved by the in complete charge of convention seourlty. plan for the worst and hope for the best." Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, Pomerance will augment his 300-ma.n force And once planning is completed, he . feels, will be iadded to $178,313 in local funds to with police from all over the state, includ­ "we wlll have some of the best-trained police, prevent a recurrence of riots that plagued the ing fish and wildlife officers, highway patrol, in case of a riot, in the United States." 1968 Democratic convention in Chicago. deputy sheriffs and police from other mu­ Officers are being trained, he says, "to The project is the first of its kind of LEAA, nicipalities. Pomerance, through the gov­ know .the limits of the law (for them), the which has the discretion to fund innovative ernor, also will have control of Florida na­ constitutional rights of the demonstrators, law enforcement projects. Florida-Atlantic tional guardsmen. and so on. That is the constitutional pro­ University will study every phase of police tection we are talking about." activity during the convention and prepare Almost since the day the city reluctantly a handbook for LEAA, which will distribute accepted President Nixon's undisguised hint it to police agencies around the country. RAND AND ITS WORK to invite the Republicans to San Diego, Con­ Altho~gh the number of pollce was not in­ nole has been making plans. And, he bristles: cluded in Miami Beach's application for "There are no goddamn armored cars ( on funds, one federal official guessed there would HON. CHARLES H. WILSON order)." But there seems to be plenty of be a pollceman for each of the 3,016 delegates everything else, to make sure no long-haired, attending the convention. OF CALD'ORNIA young heads are busted by flying nightsticks PHOTO RECORD IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES on the 6 o'clock news. Since last August, offi­ Some of the newest police hardware will be Thursday, February 3, 1972 cers have been contacted from other demon­ bought with the LEAA grant which includes stration-torn cities including Washington $228,000 for equipment. There wlll be night Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON. Mr. and Los Angeles to tell local officials how to vision and optical devices, metal detection Speaker, the Rand Corp. has been the cope with the situation. sweepers and hand devices to locate guns or subject of public discussion since it be­ LEARNING FROM OTHERS bombs, 35 police helmets that contain two­ came known that Daniel Ellsberg had way radios, a radio transmission scrambling been an employee of Rand at the time They also are receiving help on how to system that will prevent unauthorized per­ handle convent1ons from Miami Beach, sons from monitoring pollce communica­ when he said he obtained possession of which was host to the Republicans in '68, tions, a closed-circuit television system com­ the so-called Pentagon Papers. and from San Mateo County where the GOP plete with TV cameras mounted on telephone It is unfortunate that the actions of met in the Cow Palace in 1964. In addition, poles in the vicinity of Miami Beach conven­ one person should reflect on Rand or on Police Chief Raymon'1 Hoobler is expected to tion hall feeding pictures back to a mobile similar research organizations. Rand is travel soon to Ohicago where the Brobding­ command post. nagian American poUtical brouha.ha took too valuable to the Federal Government A video tape recorder wlll keep a perma­ to permit it to suffer because of Ellsberg. place at the Democratic convention in 1968. nent record of any disturbances within the There, newsmen and spectators were as­ view of TV cameras, some of which wm be It can best do its important work in an saulted along with demonstrators by police, placed in corridors and other sections of the atmosphere of relative stability and as most of the nation looked on via televi­ convention hall itself. quiet. sion. The violence was considered a factor in In addition, federal funds wlll purchase Rand should be judged, therefore, by the close d·efeat of Hubert Humphrey by 2,000 plastic handcuffs which have gained its work and its value to the Defense De­ President Nixon. popularity among police in civil disturbances. One of Oonnole's 20 two-man commlt­ partment and other agencies, not by the The grant even provides for marking pens to headlines or by the actions of a previous tees--all of them under an umbrella desig­ write on the handcuffs the name of the per­ nation of a "general administration task son who has been arrested. employee. force"-is setting up plans t,o escort news­ Also provided wm be body armor, bull WHAT IS RAND? men to the front if a riot develops. Newsmen horns, mugging cameras, 12 Polaroid cameras, Rand is a private nonprofit corpora­ will not be allowed to get between demon­ movie cameras, film and film processing tion engaged entirely in research and strators and police lines. Otherwise, he says, equipment; 40 face shields for riot duty, 120 there a.re virtually no strictures on them. analysis of problems of American security gas grenades, 20 gas grenade launchers, 46 and public welfoare. Other cbmmlttees are dealing with setting portable radio transmitters and receivers, a up communications, logistics, detention fa­ portable fingerprinting field kit, two high­ It is concerned primarily with the ci11ties, prisoner control, liaison with other intensity portable lights, a mobile command kinds of problems Federal, State, and agencies like the National Guard and .the van, a 22-passenger minibus to transport po­ local leaders face in making policy California Highway· Patrol, and other facets Uce and prisoners, plus maps and graphic choices. The problems are usually large, of the problem. arts materials for the police command post. complicated, long . term, and expensive. In 'another unique approach, San Diego is bringing in sociologists "and people like that NEXT CONVENTION The public is likely to benefit if they are to come in and give us a Uttle more insight Following the July 9 convention in Florida, addressed by public officials at least par­ into these people (demonstrators)," Connole some of the police hardware purchased by tially on the basis of objective, inde­ says. His men are being taught crowd dy­ the government will be transferred for use pendent analysis. namics-the a.b11ity to spot and deal with at the Republican national convention, Aug. Rand helps provide this analysis in the sparks that may set off major dis­ 21-26 in San Diego. areas of its experience and competence. turbances. U.S. Justice department sources said they Rand began as a pioneering attempt ALL REMAIN SILENT were u~certain as to the extent of the equip­ ment transfer until San Diego submits its by Government and California scientific No one on a stS/te or national level is will­ leaders at the close of World War II to ing to talk a.bout the specifl,cs of oontin-· own application for federal anti-crime funds, gency plans which climb up through the which ts expected by LEAA about Nov. 16. create the conditions and the institu­ levels of reg,iona.l law enforcement. But if Justice sources said that no federal funds tional framework necessary for independ­ the San Diego sheriff's office and the police were allocated for the purchase of "firearms, ent sustained analytic, interdisciplinary department can't handle the problems, re­ tanks or armored cars." Miaini beach officials research designed to solve national de­ inforcements from the six counties sur­ were told they would have to purchase these fense problems. rounding San Diego can be called in. items from loca.l or state funds. The Rand Corp. is located in sianta In addition, the California National Before final approval of the grant was made. LEAA. notified Democratic national Monica, Calif., with additional research Guard will be training men as pa.rt of their facilities in Washington, D.C., and New normal summer duties at a handful of mm­ chairman Lawrence O'Brien it was funding tary rel:jervations; the closest is Camp Irwin, the project and asked O'Brien for his com­ York City. There are about 1,000 em­ 175 miles from the convention city. ments. ployees, about half of them professional A spokesman for the guard in Sacramento PARTY SECURITY researchers. refuses to dis<:uss the size of units tha.t will O'Brien did not reply, but Richard Mur­ Rand professionals are trained in be kept on the alert to move· if they are phy, manager of the Democratic convention, many disciplines, including engineering, needed. But they do exist. said in a telephone interview the pllirty at­ mathematics, physics, economics, and titude was that the $395,424 grant was "a the social sciences. The Rand function matter between LEAA and Miami Beach." PQLICEMAN FOR EVERY ,DELE(}ATE While not anticipating any trouble now, Wlder its various contracts is, es­ WASHINGTON.-The U.S . . government has Murphy said, the Democrats will · shortly sentially, t.o apply interdisciplinary awarded the city. of Miami .Beach nearly name their own secur.ity committee, one of working teams t.o the task of develop­ $400,000 to purchase sophisticated police . whose functions will be liaison with Miami ing preferred solutions and aiding the equipment and to train ·Florida .security Beach police. client in examinati~n of the options. February 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2759 The decisions, of course, are made by MAINTE NANCE AND MANAGEMENT lower manning level. The repercussions the Government officials, based on a va­ Almost all Rand analyses look for more of the Ellsberg case should not be per­ riety of inputs, including Rand's. economical use of resources, but some mitted to cut further into their produc­ RAND'S WORK are aimed directly at identifying passible tivity. From its beginning, Rand dealt with money-saving changes for the services. The resulting savings, easily pay Rand's a wide range of subjects related to the UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY future security of the Nation. There were cost to the Defense Department. Here studies of rocket engines, high-energy are some recent examples: fuels, computers, radar detection, and Air Force Materiel Management. The Rand base stockage model was the basis HON. PAULS. SARBANES effects of high-energy radiation. Rand OF MARYLAND studies were backed up by a broad pro­ of cumulative inventory savings which gram of advanced research in mathe­ range upward to $200 million. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES matics, physics, electronics, and other Air Force aircraft maintenance poli­ Thursday, February 3, 1972 fields relevant to the development and cies. Two recent studies, the culmination Mr. SARBANES. Mr. Speaker, Janu­ use of future aircraft, missiles, and sat- of 15 years' research, have led to an Air ary 22 marked the 54th anniversary of ellites. · Force rethinking of basic inspection pol­ the proclamation of Ukrainian independ­ Over the past decade, Rand has ap­ icies. Air Force cumulative and future ence-one of the proudest moments in plied the research methods and skills it savings flowing from this work can go as the history of that noble land and a date developed in national security research high as $100 million. which continues to inspire freedom lov­ to problems directly affecting the lives Avionics development and procure­ ing men and women everywhere. It was of Americans at home. The work has ment practices. Rand suggested strate­ on January 22, 1918, that the Ukrainian ranged from the analysis of water sup­ gies for repair and maintenance of avion­ Rada established an independent ply, urban transportation, weather mod­ ics, tailored to the needs in the field, Ukraine and on that same day in 1919 ification, and the causes of teacher which can save probably $4 million a passed the Act of Union which incor­ shortages in our school systems to bio.­ year and provide better availability of porated all the lands of the Ukraine into medical studies involving the cooper.a­ systems. one nation. Symbolizing the determina­ tive efforts of engineers, physical scien­ URBAN PROBLEMS tion and courage of the Ukrainian people, tists, mathematicians, and physicians. Although the f analytical methods de­ January 22 provides an opportunity for ST~TEGIC POLICY veloped at Rand can at best embrace only all Americans to reflect upon the proud parts of any broad problem affecting so­ Rand is perhaps best known for its heritage which belongs to Americans of ciety, they can nonetheless lay bare pre­ Ukrainian descent and to renew our ded­ work-on alternative nuclear-war policies. viously obscure aspects of the problems, Rand analysts in the 1950's began a ication to the principles of freedom and supply data, stimulate relevant questions, liberty for which Ukrainian Independ­ number of studies of the purposes, alter­ and assist in defining alternatives for the­ native uses and consequences of various ence Day stands. policymaker. For instance, Rand ls in­ A proud, courageous people, Ukrain­ nuclear postures. These studies provided creasingly applying its experience to an education for many government de­ ians have a history stretching back over such domestic tasks as the appraisal of a thousand years. Theirs is a fertile, pro­ cisionmakers and offered specific alter­ housing programs for the city of New native policies. One alternative explored ductive land. But its very fertility has by Rand in the late 1950's led to ex- York ahd development of methods for been the source of its enduring tragedy, . tensive changes in nuclear war target­ evaluating national manpower training for the fine soil of the Ukraine, tilled pro­ programs for the Office of Economic Op­ ductively by ·the industrious Ukrainian ing in the early 1960's. portunity. Rand's study of air bases from 1951 to people, has been coveted by powerful 1954 laid the foundations for the stra­ ANALYTICAL METHODS neighbors throughout recorded history. tegic concept of an assured second­ Rand has been a leader in the develop­ Time after time these valiant people have strike capability, a major step in retain­ ment and application of many analytical been forcibly conquered by aggressor na­ ing limited war as an alternative to an methods now widely used in the scien­ tions. Yet their soul and spirit have never all out nuclear exchange. It also de­ tific, governmental, and economic com­ been subdued. Even today while the creased U.S. dependence on overseas munities. One versatile analytical tool Ukraine is held in Soviet bondage, re­ bases, thus reducing international ten­ closely associated with Rand, for in­ ports reach the outside world of continu­ sions. Finally, the base study developed stance, is linear programing, which is ing resistance. a new concept of operations, whicµ by used to optimize a particular objective Mr. Speaker, the history of the Ukraine Air Force estimate netted savings of $1 while satisfying a constraint, such as was first recorded by Herodotus and billion in installations alone, and was minimizing costs of production or trans­ later Greek and Byzantine historians. By judged to provide the same security as portation, or maximizing profits. the ninth century the people of what is other proposed systems costing many STATUS OF RAND now the Ukraine had organized into a billions more over a 4-year period. strong state called Rus with its capital Rand remains dedicated primarily to at Kiev, and by the end of the 10th cen­ SYSTEMS ACQUISITION STUDIES service in the national security area, but tury the Ukraine had accepted the main The Rand studies of the complex and with a newer and growing contribution features of Byzantine culture. Ancient expensive process of developing and buy­ in domestic affairs. Its work is continu­ Kiev with its Cathedrar of St. Sofia be­ ing major weapons systems has helped ing in nuclear and limited war policy, came one of the most prominent out­ the Department of Defense to arrive a;t force effectiveness, alternatives for posts of Christia~ -civilization. Then in current reforms, including improved pro­ weapons development, acquisition and 1240 came the invasion of the Mongol totyping and sequential development. support, personnel effectiveness and ad­ Tartars under Batu Khan which de­ Rand work on prototyping, which has vanced analytical techniques. stroyed the Kievan state and reduced been carried on since the early 1960's, Current funding restrictions applied the capital to rubble. In the centuries has identified specific instances when to Federal Contract Research Centers by that followed the fertile Ukraine passed there are substantial cosrt and perform­ the Congress and Department of Defense into the constantly changing hands of ance advantages in prototyping. Rand have reduced Rand's DOD funding from powerful neighbors. analysts also have devised a method of about $19 million to $16 million. As a re­ The 17th century saw a new force measuring in advance the difficulty of sult, Rand is now reducing its employees emerge-the freedom loving Zaporozhian meeting given technical improvements dedicated to defense work by some 13 Kozaks. Under their Hetman Bogdan and the cost in time and money. Rand is percent. This is a heavy blow to Rand, Khmenitsky, the Kozaks defeated neigh­ able to contribute to current Defense De­ but its researchers and management con­ boring armies in 1648 and 1649 only to partment changes because of its long tinue to be dedicated to professional meet eventual defeat with the partition continuity in analyzing the problems and excellence and to public service. Their of the Ukraine in 1667 by Poland and its independence in developing alterna­ work can be of great continuing value Russia. By 1793 the Ukraine had fallen tive solutions. to the Federal Government even at this completely under the control of Russia. 2760 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1972 Its political autQnomy and even its name defensible formula which would ade­ The prime target ls the widespread use of disappeared. quately meet the questions which have al­ plasmapheresis by commercial blood labora­ Ukrainian nationaUsm was reborn in ready been raised-I had sincerely hoped tories. An old technique, plasmapheresis sep­ arates the components of whole blood and 1846 when 30 Ukrainian patriots under the House Banking and Currency Com­ returns the red blood cells-hardest for the the leadership of the great Ukrainian mittee would be given the opportunity body to replace-to the donor. The procedure poet, Taras Shevchenko farmed the Se­ to explore further and more fully these as now employed can be both profitable and cret Brotherhood of St. Cyril and St. and other questions prior to any prece­ dangerous. Whole blood should not be given Methodius. Though the leaders were all dential action by the Board. more often than every two months. But quickly arrested and either imprisoned Thus it is that we are placed in the donors can and do sell plasma far more fre­ or departed, the movement they started position of insuring, after the fact, if you quently, and often to laboratories that fall to began a cultural revival which contin­ will, that this action will not have the protect either them or the ultimate user of ued and grew, reaching its zenith during negative consequences suggested by some their life-saving product. the Russian revolution. of the more violent reactions but rather LACK OF CONTROL When the Russian revolution broke out that the constructive results desired are One of the dangers that blood donors face in 1917, Ukrainian nationalists seized the as far as possible achieved. And I hasten is serum hepatitis, a sometimes fatal liver apportunity to establish an independent disease transmitted by unsterile laboratory to emphasize to my colleagues that this equipment. But the council ls even more Ukraine. On April 7, 1917 a tremendous oversight function is made no easier by disturbed by the lack of adequate control demonstration occurred in Kiev and Prof. the lack of established policies and for­ over the majority of plasmapheresis pro­ Mykhaylo Hrushevsky, the. great Ukrain­ mulae for conversion which today's ac­ grams now under way in the country. Co­ ian historian, called upon all Ukrain­ tion may well foreshadow. ordination among programs ls lacking, rec­ ians to fight for their national rights. ord keeping practically nonexistent. Out of that demonstration came the Donors are both unscreened and untested. Rada--the governing council which Though most whole-blood donors are vol­ eventually declared Ukrainian independ­ POLICING THE PLASMA PLANTS unteers in good health, many of the approx­ imately 100,000 plasma donors are Skid Row ence in 1918. The centuries' old dream of bums and drug addle.ts. Desperate for mon­ independence was realized only briefly HON. VICTOR V. VEYSEY ey, they may involve themselves in several however, for the Ukraine was invaded by programs at once, selling plasma as often the Red Army and by the end of 1919 the OF CALIFOR~IA as ' three or four times a week. Many allow free repubUc of Ukrainia ceased to exist. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES themselves to be hyperimmunlzed, so that The Ukraine suffered severely between Thursday, February 3, 1972 their blood will produce disease-fighting an­ World War I and II under Soviet rule. tibodies. Others participate in programs that. World War II only intensified tbat suf­ Mr. VEYSEY. Mr. Speaker, in yester­ could create RH-factor incompatib111ties, ex­ fering as it became a battleground for day's CoNGRE:SSlONAL RECORD I include a posing them to mness or even death if they stark account of how commercial "blood themselves should later require blood trans­ German and Russian forces. Despite the banks'~ bleed undernourished and impov­ fusions or certain types of medication. courage of the Ukrainian resistance Appalled by this situation, the Research movement, the war closed with renewed erished Haitians for the U.S. plasma Council has responded by drafting a set of occupation of the Ukraine by the Soviet market. With virtually no safeguards, guidelines aimed at protecting both the donor Union. plasma from Haiti is shipped into this and the user of plasma products. To weed Today the Ukraine continues to be a country to be made into various drug out the unfit, it proposes limiting participa­ captive nation, but the memory of that products. The same shortage of supervi­ tion in plasmapheresls programs to persons glorious period of freedom burns bright sion and serious need for remedial leg­ of "fixed address." in the hearts of the Ukrainian people. islation exists in the domestic plasma The council also wants to establish region­ market. al registries to identify qualified donors and Recalling the events which occurred 54 to maintain records on them. Such a system years ago in the Ukraine, I salute the An informative description of the U.S. would also prevent donors from either giving Ukrainian people in deepest respect for plasma situation appeared in the Au­ plasma too often or taking part in programs their remarkable commitment to the gust 17, 1970, issue of Time magazine. involving the injection of Incompatible anti­ principles of freedom and justice which Although this article is now a year and gens. It also proposes strict limitations on they have so amply demonstrated a half old, the problems it describes the laboratories themselves. Under the sug­ have yet to be corrected. gested rules, a physician would be required throughout their history and for the to supervise all laboratory blood operations, continuing contribution Americans of The Government agency with respon­ examine all donors. Ukrainian background have made to the sibility for the purity, potency, and safety More than guidelines, however, are needed strength, progress, and prosperity of this of plasma is clearly not doing its job to deal with the burgeoning blood business. Nation. Americans of Ukrainian back­ on imported plasma and still claims to The council itself has no enforcement au­ ground exemplify the finest tradition have no authority on plasma collected thority, and the U.S. Public Health Service's of American family life and lov~ of within single States in the United States. Division of Biologics Standards can regu­ country. With the exception of Texas, few States late only the purity and safety of those plas­ are protecting blood recipients any bet­ ma products shipped across state lines. Wash­ ington can exercise only limited control over ter today than when the article appeared. the purchase of raw plasma from unlicensed FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK Mr. Speaker, the National Blood Bank laboratories. It is up to the states to regu­ BOARD ACTION Act, H.R. 11828, which I recently intro­ late the commercial blood centers, and few, so duced would correct the scandalous lack far, have shown any inclination to act. of supervision of plasma operations. I HON. RICHARD T. HANNA will be pleased to provide my colleagues OF CALD'ORN'tA with any information they can use on THE FEDERAL PRISON SYSTEM AND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this correctable problem: THE FIRST AMENDMENT Thursday, February 3, 1972 POLICING THE PLASMA PLANTS Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, it is with Plasma, a clear, yellowish fluid that con­ HON. BELLA S. ABZUG stitutes about 60% of human blood, is an no small degree of consternation that I important medical commodity. l{ospitals use OF NEW YORK note today's action by the Federal Home it for direct, life-saving transfusions to vic­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Loan Bank Board in approving an appli­ tims of burns and injuries, whUe pharma­ Thursday, February 3, 1972 cation by a federally chartered mutual ceutical companies have been purchasing savings and loan to a State-chartered increasing quantities for use in the produc­ Mrs. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, during re­ capital stock association. tion of' vaccines and serums. This growing cent events at some of our Federal pris­ As my colleagues on the Banking Com­ demand has created a thriving business for ons it has been alleged from many sides mittees of both the House and Senate are hundreds of unlicensed private laboratories, that inmates are regarded by prison au- which buy plasma for $5 and up per pint, aware, conversion legislation has been sell it for at least a 100% profit. But it has ~ thorities as subhuman. This attitude, introduc·ed and was to be considered in also led to a serious publlc-health problem, many of us feel, has been largely respon­ this session of Congress. While I have and last week the National Academy of Sci­ sible for the bitter tragedies at the pris­ been less than anticipathetical to such ences-National Research Council proposed ons which have shocked us in recent conversions-given an appropriate and strict new rules to police the plasma plants. months. February 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS To insure that such tragedies do not of this letter. Maybe you could phone the STATE DEPARTMENT TO COOPER­ recur prison officials must work con­ Federal Bureau of Prisons about "bureau ATE ON NEW POW CAMP INSPEC­ policy." Or maybe you, too, could say to hell stantly from the principle that prisoners with it. TION are human beings, entitled as such to Keep up the good work, Bella. basic rights and respect. Certainly the JOHN M. BACH. status of prisoners entails the depriva­ HON. LES ASPIN tion of some of their civil rights, but AN OPEN LETTER TO RICHARD NIXON OF WISCONSIN prisoners should be subjected only to (To be submitted to Mr. Key and forwarded IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the New York Times) those deprivations which are essential Thursday, February 3, 1972 to good order in the operation of pris­ DEAR RICHARD NIXON: It is with anger, ons. shame and sadness that we write you to Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, on Febru­ The right of prisoners to communi­ condemn the intensified bombing of North ary 1, I called upon Secretary of State cate freely by mail with the media is a Vietnam and the continuation of the war William P. Rogers to insist that the throughout Southeast Asia. South Vietnamese cooperate in a new right which cannot justifiably be in­ We hope that the recent forays north wlll fringed. What unique exigency of the awaken this nation to the fact that the effort by Amnesty International to in­ prison situation can convincingly justify policy of the Nixon Administration is not spect prisoner-of-war camps in both denial of prisoners' rights to participate "to wind the war down" but to continue North and South Vietnam. According to in public discussion through the press? the fighting in Southeast Asia under the this morning's Washington Post, the I say there is no such exigency. cover of Vietna.mization and troop with­ State Department does plan to cooperate Yet the letters I am inserting in the drawal. We cannot imagine that it much in a new effort by Amnesty International RECORD clearly describe the arbitrary matters to the people of Indochina whether to conduct an impartial inspection of they are killed and their vlllages and crops in denial of the above rights in the case of and cities laid to waste by American troops prison-of-war camps both North and 36 inmates at Danbw·y Federal Prison. or by Asian troops equipped, trained and South Vietnam. Mr. Speaker, it is time that these hu­ supported by the United States; nor do we I am happy to report that the execu­ man beings receive our attention. It is believe it much matters to the people of tive commitee of Amnesty International time that we call the Justice Department Indochina whether death comes from the is meeting in London this weekend to to task for its repression of the moral and ground or under a rain of American bombs decide whether to attempt another visit political rights and beliefs of prisoners. from the sky. to North and South Vietnamese camps. Merely tinkering with the policy of the I assume that the Department of State It is time that we demand fairness and Johnson Administration, or clothing the impartiality from our prison administra­ same deeds in new language, wlll not ef­ will not allow the South Vietnamese tors. fectively alter the ongoing and horrible real­ Government to sabotage another mission I commend to your attention the fol­ ity of the war for those it most effects­ by Amnesty International. lowing letters: the Southeast Asians. When the Secretary of If Amnesty International gains en­ Defense chooses to refer to "limited-duration, DANBURY, CONN., January 17, 1972. trance to North Vietnamese camps, it protective-reaction strikes" instead of-more will be the first time that f.acilities con­ Hon. BELLA ABZUG, simply-"bombing raids," he does not lessen House Office Building, the destruction of those raids, nor does he taining American prisoners have been Washington, D.C. quiet the cries of the victims. inspected by any competent international DEAR MRS. ABzuo: Enclosed is a letter that We are not deceived. The conditions we authority. Hopefully, wlth full American was submitted to the chief of classification opposed when we entered prison persist and and South Vietnamese cooperation, a and parole in this Federal prison on Janu­ we expect more men and women will follow reciprocal visit of POW camps can take ary 4. It is an "Open Letter to Richard Nixon" us in order to underline their determined place. signed by 36 inmates and to have been sent opposition to "Nixon's War." to the New York Times. After ten days of in­ This morning's Washington Post arti­ (Signed by War Resisters and anti-war cle follows : dividuals' efforts to discover the letter's fate inmates at Danbury Correctional Institu­ (general ina.ccessiblllty, procrastination, and tion.) U.S. SUPPORTS PROPOSAL To VISIT POW's mindless equivocation mark the style of the Michael McCord, John M. Bach, Kevin Mes­ (Bt Sanford J. Unga.r) best caseworkers). The letter was returned to singer, Kevin Jones, Stephen E. Murray, the first signature; postal delivery was denied The State Department said yesterday that Arthur Burghardt Banks, M. Henley. it will support an effort by Amnesty Inter­ on grounds of "bureau policy." The specifics Alfred A. Howell., Jr., Stephen Leeds, Daniel were never fully delineated. Something was national, an organization with headquarters Berrigan, S.J., Tom Hosmer, Richard S. Stone, in Britain, to conduct an impartial inspec­ mentioned that inmates were not allowed to Stanley L. Clark, Michael Fuller, William write to newspapers. tion of prisoner-of-war camps in both North Cox. and South Vietnam. This amorphous "bureau policy" ls used as William R. Bowens, Donald D. Garner, the catch-all regulatory index for most in­ If the organization gets a firm agreement Eddie Johnson, Timothy M. Pawlik, Ralph M. from Hanoi that would permit it to visit stitutional commerce. It is a mysterious and Howell, Piaul McAlee, Ralph Almedrin. sacred set of regulations summoned into American prisoners there, a State Depart­ John Sadler, Gus Edwards, William R. ment official said, "we would use whatever being, molded to flt the occasion, and levied Lynas, William Cousins, Charles Hartwell, ~ccording to whim by which the prison ma­ influence we have" in Saigon to persuade the Salvatore Migliore, Wm. Witsey. South Vietnamese to permit a similar inspec­ chinery ls stored and oiled. It is a big club Frank Pezza, Gregory Mitchell, Harold to instill fear, maintain discipline, and slave­ tion. Stone, Robert Barcella, Martin Goldma.n, Rep. Les Aspin (D-Wls.) announced a few ful obedience, prevent redress of grievances, Eugene S. Daniell III, Carl H. Dubitsky. and to tighten the screws until the adminis­ hours later that Amnesty International ls trators are made to stop. Power yields noth­ expected to launch such an effort after a ing without demand-it never did, lt never board meeting in London this weekend. will. American support for the mls.sion would Sometimes interested and other than self­ MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ represent an apparent change of emphasis in serving Congress people will confront "bu­ HOW LONG? U.S. policy, which has long regarded the In­ reau policy." Sometimes inmates, braving the ternational Committee of the Red Cross as lethargy and uninterest of those in declsion­ the only organization sufficiently impartial to infl.uencing roles, will initiate action them­ make such an inspection. selves-in the only way they have to guar­ HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE Frank A. Sieverts, a State Department of­ antee a listening audience--and thus produc­ OJ' IOWA ficer with special responsibility for the pris­ ing Atticas and Rahways. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES oner of war problem, insis·ted, however, tha..t So we have this letter, polite, reasoned, tol­ Thursday, February 3, 1972 no change of policy was involved. "We would erantly respectful dissidence bespeaking good like anyone to see the prisoners in North citizenship. To tell you the truth, Mrs. Ab­ Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child Vietnam," Sieverts said. zug, some of us had serious qualms about asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: But Aspin said he was "suspicious" that signing anything so damn liberal. But it got "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my the State Department had previously kept turned back and you seem to be the only the organization from visiting prison camps recourse right now. husband alive or dead?" is in the south. It's certainly no big deal, especially in con­ Communist North Vietnam sadisti­ He called upon the State Department to text of penal atrocity elsewhere. But it's in­ cally practicing spiritual and mental "encourage" Amnesty International's new dicative. Maybe you could read it into the genocide on over 1,600 American prison­ proposal and to put pressure on the South Congressional Record. Maybe you could for­ ers of war and their families. Vietnamese to go along. ward it to the New York Times with a copy How long? Aspin released documents this week which 2762 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 19'72 he said demonstrated that the effort la.st All too often, our younger generation ancestors of Mr. Charles P. Rose traded fresh spring by the organiza,tion to visit prisoners is criticized for their lack of direction bread for meat with the Indians. on both sides "blew up" when Saigon refused and their inability to do work of lasting The original founders were, of course, the to grant visas for an Amnesty International regional Indtans. Two tribes appeared to delegation. value. Clearly the students of the honors dominate the area-The Cauaisie-who Sieverts denied that South Vietnam had economics class in Van Buren High dominated land from Sheepshead Bay and actually turned down group's application, School disprove this common cry. So in­ Coney Island to Jamaica--a.nd The Maitine­ but had merely asked that i·t be "deferred" teresting and illuminating is this study coc-a branch of the Algonquins who in­ pending the efforts of South Vietnam to re­ that copies are being sent to the Queens hiabi ted the Alley Pond Park area., Little patriate prisoners from the north. Village and Jamaica branches of the pub­ Neck and Dougla.ston. He said he was skeptical, however, that lic library as well as to the local commu­ The first name of this tract ( now the Hanoi would actually permit a visit to Ameri­ nity organizations. I am sure that this present Queens Village and Bellaire) was can prisoners held in the north. "The Little Plains" to distinguish it from the "If a visit to North Vietnam should take study will be most valuable to those in Great Plains of Hempstead. It was then a place," Sieverits said, "then we would sup­ government who plan and fund com­ wilderness, trans.formed into fertile grounds port" a similar visit to the south. munity facilities for this section of the yielding prosperous crops, and then into a. · But he added that ''it would take an awful Queens County. New York City suburb located sixteen miles lot to convince us," in ligh-t of North Viet­ The students covered the following from Manhattan. The first roads were Hemp­ nam's refusal to let other groups visit the areas in their research: history, people, tead Turnpike and Jamaica Avenue, orig­ prisoners. location and physical setting, size of the inally Indian roads. He pointed out that the International Red About 1824, Thomas Brush settled in what Cross regularly visits prison camps in the community, occupation, politics and elec­ was known then as "The Little Plains." south, but has been turned down in its etforts tions, health, recreation and culture, In 1844, the Long Island Railroad (Brook­ to get into North Vietnam. housing and school facilities, welfare lyn-Greenport, L.I.) was built and a. railroad The State Department takes the position agencies, transportation, and drug abuse. station was built a.t Brushville, al,though it that the Red Cross qualifies under the Geneva A bibiography of success is appended for was noted that the trains only "slowed convention on prisoners of war as a group each section of the study. down." that may_i;:onduct neutral international in­ Every area was probed for all the facts Adjacent to, and north o:t the Long Island spe,ction of prison camps. Railroad Station, Brush buUt a hotel, chapel, Sieverts said la.st night that Amnesty In­ it could yield, the students relying on grocery store, blacksmith shop and a tobacco ternational, on the other hand, is a "political standard source books, interviews, and factory. . · organization" whose impartiality is doubted surveys based on door-to-door research On January 1, 1857, at a. Public Meeting, in South Vietnam and elsewhere. or questionnaires taken home by Van the name of that part of Brushville was A non-governmental group which includes Buren students living in Queens Village. changed to Queens after Queen Catherine of people of various ideological persuasions, Am­ Each of the 12 sections of the book was Braga.nze, wife of King Charles II of Eng­ nesty International generally has directed its prepared by a team of 2 or 3 students land. efforts on behalf of "prisoners of conscious." The area had its initial start as a residen­ It has for example, investigated the condi­ working together. tial, suburban community through the en­ tions of political prisoners in Greece and the Students drew on·every community re­ terprise of Col. Alfred Wood, a civil war hero, Soviet Union and recently prepared a report source available, including the parks de­ and later Mayor of Brooklyn (1864-1865) and · on British internment camps i-n Northern partment, borough president's office, lo­ United States Consul to Italy. Col. Wood laid Ireland. cal newspapers, human resources admin­ out a large tract in 1868 which he called Aspin observed la.st night that it would be istration, Queens Board of Elections, "Inglewood" after his 200 acre estate. "unusual" for Amnesty International to get . Jamaica Social Services Center, Queens­ In 1871, Wood arranged with the President involved in a "shooting war situation." But . of the Long Island Railroad to build a new he pointed out that the organization's re­ boro Council for Social Welfare, and so station on land donated by himself. The quest to the Saigon government included a. forth. Important reference works used railroad station was built,· but the Long Is­ desire to visit military camps as wen a.s "civil were the "City Plan of New York, land Railroad refused to honor the stop un­ camps," where political prisoners may be (Borough of Queens)," and the most re­ less it was called "Queens." The "Inglewood" held. cent census available. sign was pulled down and the "Queens" sign The prospect for a. new Amnesty Interna­ After you examine this · study, Mr. went up. tional bid to visit the prisoners of war on In September 1924, the name was changed Speaker, I am sure you will understand to "Queens Village" to a.void confusion with both sides a.rose during testimony by William why I am particUlarly proud of the young · H. Sullivan, deputy assistant secretary of the county. It was officially recognized and state for East Asian and Pacific affairs, before people who live in my community. It is assigned a Post Office. A library was estab­ a House Foreign Affairs subcommittee. a reflection of their concern for Queens lished in 1896 through the efforts to the The subcommittee chairman, Rep. Clement Village as well as a fine example of their Shakespeare Club of Queens. It became a J. Zablocki (D-Wis.), raised the allegations intellectual curiosity and abilities. branch of the Public Library in 1901. made by his Junior colleague from Wisconsin At this time, I would like to insert this After the World War II real estate boom, with Sullivan. study into the RECORD so that my col­ Queens Village was transformed from an Sullivan answered that "we would wel­ leagues may share ·in the insights and agricultural community to a residential sub­ come" a visit to the camps in the north by urban community. Amnesty International and would "encour­ wealth of information published in this The area Queens Village includes: ea.st of . age" a reciprocal visit to the south. project: Francis Lewis Boulevard to Cross Island Park­ QUEENS VILLAGE-COMMUNITY SURVEY; CLASS - way and the Nassau County Line; south of RE~EARCH PROJECT-ECONOMICS IH3 Grand Central Parkway to 114th Avenue. Famous Buildings and Events: (By Martin Van Buren High School, Social Queens Village Reformed, Church, built in QUEENS VILLAGE-COMMUNITY SUR.­ Studies Department) · 1858, Jamaica Avenue and Springfield Bou­ VEY PROJECT-ECONOMICS Edward Kelso, Assistant Principal. levard. Richard DeFiore, Teacher. Lyceum Hall: 98-01 218 Street,·oldest meet­ CHAPTER AND TEAMS ing place in Queens Village. Built in 1889 HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN History: Sylvanne Beck, Marlowe Schneid­ as a. Woman's org,a.niza.tlon under the super­ OJ' NEW. YORK kraut. vision of Mrs. Alfred Eno. No important - events in regard to women's suffrage ·were IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES People: Joanne Masiello, Sharon Gross- man. noted and the organization soon moved. To­ Thursday, February 3, 1972 Location: Ne.al Buchalter, Stuart. Forster. day, it is a Veteran's meeting hall. Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, the stu­ Size: Andy S1mon, Steven Finn. Callister Plant Occupa,tion: J,effrey Liebowitz, Eric Skel- A distinct "change or the times" can be dents of Martin V-an Buren High School nick. _ in Queens Village, N.Y., have recently . noted at 212- 50 Jamaica Avenue,. once home Politics: Wayne Hamburger, Paul Fergione. .of the Callister Plant, a carriage and farm . completed a project that, I ·believe, is Health: Nina. Schwartz, Lisa Cogen . . · wagon manufacturer. It is now a Lincoln­ · worthy of your attention. These students Recreation: Alan Grenadir, David Finkel- :· Mercury .Dealer a showroom and sales. office. ·. 'undertook a;· study which traces the his- stein. · Veteran's· Plaza tory of the Queen~ Village community Housing and Education facilities: Ken­ and provides valuable information as to netth Roistacher, Jeffrey Strom, ·Bill Unger. This is dedicated to the memory of all Welfare·: Dougl,as Love, Alan Lipkin. World War II martyrs from Queens V1lla.ge. . the social and economic complexion of It is located at Amboy Place and Jama.lea the area. The dati gathered in this study Drug Abuse: Mark Rosen, ·Jay Newman. ·Avenue, aoross·from the Railroad station. :along . with the ... well-written · analysis HISTORY Other pornts of interest include Cunning­ makes this work equal to many profes­ The history of Queens Village dates back ham Park, named for a blood-thirsty Revolu­ sional efforts. to the 17th century-1640 to be exact, when tionary War genera.I, the Queens Village February 4; 1912 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2763

Public Library, the Queens and Community American teain ------3,126 A public park the brave old oaks should be Theaters, Creedmoor State Hospital, and Irish------3, 104 toda.y. Alley Pond Park. A noble · object lesson 'oasis' has passed In 1927, Queens Village achieved nation­ Australian ------3, 096 a.way." wide notoriety as the scene of the Snyder­ Scottish------3,061 Carl De Muldor Miller (Dr. Charles Gray Murder. An Art Editor, Albert Snyder Canadian------2, 923 Miller). was killed with a sash weight by his wife There were over 85 acres, with 30 targets The poem summarizes fa.me of Creed- and her lover, a man named Judd Gray. The ranging from 50-1200 yards. Regiments of moor, its oaks, the Rifle Range, and the only reasons for putting it on front pages the National Guard were required to prac- great International shooting matches. was the involvement of a sex triangle, and tice here rat regular intervals. An economic Queens Vlllage is more or less, a small the Snyders were ordinary people in an or­ dinary suburb-the sort of people with whom depression and "penny-pinching" governor town with a simple but unique history lo­ the ordinary reader could identify. The ieft abandonment of Creedmoor in the cated within the realms of a gigantic city, Snyder-Gray case felt the nation's delight 1890's. The National Rifle Association moved teeming with history and problems. In its at vicarious horrors and was a result of the its range to Sea Girt, New Jersey. brief one hundred year span of a few im- forces of ballyhoo. Mrs. Snyder was the first Several reminders of the Creedmoor Rifle portant recorded historical events, it has woman sent to the electric chair. Range consist of a few street names: Win- managed to keep a sense of pride and unity Queens Village Centennial: September chester Boulev·ard, Pistol street, Range typically found in small American towns. 1971: This event, featuring parades and Street and Salbre Street. Queens Village has undergone many trans- dances was held to honor the construction of A poem written by Dr. Charles Mil.er, a formations. Only one hundred years ago it Col. Wood's Long Island Railroad Station, Queens Village poet, about the Creedmoor was all farm lands. Only after World War I September 1871. Guest speakers included Range is on the following page. did residential homes begin to spring up. Mayor Lindsay and Astronaut Alan Shepard. A painting of the historic Creedmoor Oak Although Queens Village is not noted for Trees was exhi-bited at the National Academy · any fantastic historical or cultural events, Alley Pond Park of Deslgn. its unique old-time homes and castle houses Alley Pond Park, 409 acres, bordered by In 1910, the Brooklyn state Hoopital was and small shops, embedded in the atmos­ Union Turnpike, Winchester Boulevard, decided to be built. In 1935, it became an phere of a small town only 16 miles from a Springfield Boulevard, Cross Island Parkway, independent institution, involved in the ca.re teeming metropolis, make it an interesting and Norther-n Boulevard, were at first settled of mentally HI patients, and a center for ·· community. by the Matinecoc Indians. psychiatric research. A farm complex was PEOPLE In 1637, Thomas Foster, the first settler, also constructed to raise fruits and vegetables Collecting recent data for this report was obtained a royal land grant of 600 acres near for the hospi·tal patients. The farm is still in an impossible task. As a result, all work was the "Alley". He built his home, a beautiful existence, but it is no longer in use. based in the 1960 census because the 1970 stone house there, three years later. It was a The Creedmoor complex consLst.s of over 25 census figures were not yet available. Wher­ refuge against Indian attacks, and the only buildings, plus a 22 story building, the laa'gest ever we went in search of data, we were ad­ way of entrance was by mea:is of a creek. structure in Queens, and a children's psy­ vised to return in sJJC months when the An Englishman by the name of Bartlett ohiatric Institute. The entire complex con­ 1970 census reports we\lld be at our dis­ sailed up the creek one day looking for sisits of 312 acres. posal. Flushing. He stayed at Foster's home awhile Creedmoor has been under the constant We went to the Census Bureau in pur­ and gave him a cutting from a pear tree upon blows of critic.ism. Due to lack of funds, it suit of information and were informed that his departure. From that cutting appeared is overcrowded and understaffed. One critic some of the 1970 Census results were avail­ the first Bartlett pears in the United States. called it a "'bl1ghrt to the oommun1.ty." An­ able but not for geographical subdivisions In 1752, a grist mm was built near the other more recent critic: "Today the exist­ the size of Queens Village or Census tract alley. It was the scene of filming of several ing treaitment and resideilltial 01reas aire the 1301. Census tract 1301 is the census code shots for the silent movie, Zaza in 1920. The aibandoned stage sets; isolated struge sets; iso­ for the area immediately surrounding Martin entire village was made to appear as a Euro­ lated from ea.oh other and the community Van Buren. These would be ready at a later pean hamlet, the general store, a SW'!&; outside the fence." A dysentery epidemic oc­ date. That same day, we visited the City Chateau. curred in 1944, W'hich brought nait.ional ~­ Planning Commission. It was our hope that The general store was built beside the grist tenition to the hospital and ca.re for the we could study the new city plans for Queens mill in 1838. A post office was built in 1821. mental·ly ill in general. Creedmoor was called and that they might provide pertinent facts. This was the official post office for the town the "Orematory." However, we were advised that they were not available at present. of Flushing. "The Alley", the pa.ss through Despite i1ts constant blows of attack, the hills and swamps, was often used as a Oreedmoor's f,acilities and oore for the men­ We called the Queens Vlllage Chamber of Commerce, anticipating_ that they would shortcut route from Roslyn to Flushing o~ tally ill, have been steadily improving. The.re from Refers to "Alley Pond" located otr have some relevant material pertaining to Northern Boulevard and. Long Island Park--- is no longer any need to call it a _"bliigbt to . their own town; they were most apologetic way, Roslyn · to Jamaica or New York via the community" but to look at it as an im­ but could offer nothing. Jamaica and Brooklyn. portant service to the community, the city, A telephone call · to the· Boro~gh Presi­ All the historic buildings have since been and the st&te. dent's office, resulted in the suggestion that tom down to make way for the Cross Island THE PASSING OF THE CREEDMOOR OAKS we go to the library. We telephoned the Parkway. "Alley Po??-d" before the parkway, Long Island Press and the New York Times · " 'Tongues in Trees' were most eloquent in and were given the same advice. We did was so beautiful it was often synonymous these! with Thoreau's "Walden." have some succes.s when we called the Daily At Queens we rode by 'Doughty's Grove' News. They were very helpful and did offer It was established as a park in 1929. The today; park consists of a half mile nature trail, 16 some information but, again, this was for the tennis courts, playgrounds, wading pools, and A favorite pastime on Jericho Highway 1960 Census. fields for handball, softball, baseball, basket­ Has given one a half-century of real de­ We visited the Long Island Room of the ball, and football. It contains the borough's light. Central Branch of the Queens Borough Pub­ largest picnic spot. Two lakes, Oakland Lake Afforded by nature's woodland beauty site lic Library twice and collected what little and Alley P~>nd, are dying from the effects of 'Too old for ship timber a hundred years -- information they could offer. Most of this the carbon monoxide of surrounding park­ a.go' -data. .dated. back to 1960. The publications ways. The enlarging of the Grand Central Alas! this venerable forest now must go! dated 1962 and 1966 had facts which were Parkway, which involved destruction of much How the hear.t of each noble tree broke oo.sed on the 1960 Census statistics. of the park, has had devastating effects on At tree murder's iconoclastic stroke Telephone calls to the Civil Court, Ethnic residents and ecologlst_s. Indeed, prooious are the traditions re- Court, and the Marriage License Bureau proved fruitless. All were unable to ofl'er any Creedmoor qorded true Of historic rendezvous, 'festive barbecue' assistance other than to refer us to the Li­ Creedmoor (Boundaries: Hillside Avenue, brary. Winche$ter Boulevard, Union Turnpike, 'War Rally' where the immoral Beecher's · voice When we called the Municipal Reference Marathon Parkway) wais established as th& Library, we were . told that they had some Creedmoor rifle range by the National_Rifle Made each patriotic heart rejoice data-all of which was based on the· 1960 Association in 1872 by General Geol'.ge w. There firmly the old oaks stood Census. We had planned to research. their Wingate and named for the Creed family who ~ · The sam.e,prlmeval wood - files, ·but were unable to do so because they owned the land. It was acquired by the state There native Indian chiefs · and braves are open Monday through Friday only. We in 1890 a.a a rifle range !or the N'atlonal Would protect the trees or !:all in hero's phoned the City Planning Library and the Guard. Many fe.mous International Rifle graves. ,· Library of Archives and Records, but they Meets were held there, the first being in 1874 Later, the nature-loving fortune telling were unable to offer ·any assistance. between the Irish and. American teams. The gypsies came The· school library had nothing and the American · team won 934-931. In 1876, the With quaint tents and ca.m,pflres enchant­ 11bl'l841.an recommended we go to the Central Centennial-· !nternationai Rifle- Match was ing the same. LLbrary,, a·s did th:e local· liibrar-la.n. There!ore, held ~at- O~eedmore. Thii ·a.ttracted wide at­ Then-one sad riote of · less roma!lltic sound ·. statistics,. unless. -otherwise noted, aire trom tentioll~· Th"e: S(X)res were::. 'Neath underwood; '· soiitary ·suio1de was 1960 census tract 1301.- found. 2.764 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1972

TABLE 1.-Age distribution Norway ------4 I. Organizations Under 5------431 Sweden------21 A. Religious: 5 to 9------812 Gerxna.ny ------291 (1) Churches: 10 to 14------789 Poland ------555 (a) Betany Lutheran Church. (b) Grace Lutheran Church. 1520 to 19------24 ______32999 Czech05lovakia ------64 Austria ------273 (c) liollls Avenue Congregatioha.l Ohurch. (d) Lutheran Church of the Redeemer. 253oto to 29------34______351137 liungary ------100 U.S.S.R. ____ ------_____ ------793 (e) Methodist Church of Queens Village. Italy------317 (f) Queens Reform Ohurch. 3540 to 39------44 ______643709 (g) St. Joseph's Episcopal Ohurch. Canada ------86 (h) Queens Baptist Church. 45 to 49------~- 454 Mexlco ------0 50 to 54 __ ;.. ______240 (1) Ohurch of the Good Shepard. 55 to 59 ______145 Other------300 (j) First United Presbyterian Church. TABLE 6.-0rigin of birth (k) Holliswood Oommu:hity Church. 60 to 64------112 Tota.lpeople ______5.479 (1) Evangelical Lutheran Churoh of the 65 and over------228 Tota.I foreign stock------2, 967 Redeemer. Median ag~2.1 yea.rs. Foreign born______511 (m) Calvary Church of Queens Village. Native, foreign, mixed parentage ______2, 456 (n) Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day TABLE 2.-Sex distribution Saints. TABLE 7.-Religious distribution Ma.le------2,703 (o) First Church of Christ Scientist. Fei:na,le ------2,776 Percent (p) Incarnation R.C. Church. TABLE 3.-Race distribution Protesta.nt ------24 (q) Our Lady of Lourdes R.C. Church. Roman Catholic______54 (r) SS. Joachim and Anne R.O. Church. \Vhite ------5,464 JeWish ------20 (s) America.n Martyrs R.C. Church. Negro------9 Other------2 (t) Jehovah's \Vitness Kingdom Hall. Puerto Rioa.n______0 (2) Synagogues: TABLE 8.-Annual income distribution Other------6 (a) Bell Park JeWish Center. Total numb-er of fa.mllies ______1, 430 TotaJ ______5,479 (b) Hollis H1lls Jewish Center. (c) Holliswood. Jewish Center. Under $1,000------20 (d) Queens Jewish Center. TABLE 4.-MARITAL STATUS $1;000-$1,999 ------8 ( 3) Related Organizations: $2,000-$2,999 ------21 (a) Sit. Anne's Council-No. 2429 Knights Male Female $3,000-$3,999 ------30 of Columbus. $4,000-$4,999 ------92 (b) Court Our Lady of Lourdes-No. 1082, Total 14 yeats and over ______1, 708 1, 813 $5,000-$5,999 ------231 Catholic Daughters of America, Meetings Single •••••.•...... •. _. _.••.•••. 295 284 $6,000-$6,999 ---- ·------235 every second and fourth Monday. Married. __ • ____ ..•.•. __ .•.•••••• 1, 384 1, 391 (c) Queens Cha,pter No. 732 Order of the 6 13 $7,000-$7,999 --· ------168 ii~:~!~~~---: ======25 112 $8,000-$8,999 ------__ --__ ------160 Eastern Star, state of New York. Divorced •••••.•••• ___ •••••••••••• 4 26 $9,000-$9,999 ------125 (d) Young Christian Society-The Evan- $10,000-$14,999 ------260 gelical Lutheran Church of the Redeemer. TABLE 5.-Ancestry $15,000-$24,999 ------74 (e) catholic Traditionalists Movement. $25,000 and over______16 (f) Gatholic \Var Veterans No. 186. United Kingdom------103 (4) see Religious Distribution By Identi­ Ireland ------60 Median annual income, $7,494. fication:

RELIGIOUS DISTRIBUTION BY IDENTIFICATION (Population in thousands, 1970; communities Qand R total Queens Village; figures do not total because of rounding!

Estimated Protestant Roman Catholic Jewish Communities population population Other Percent population Percent population Percent population Percent

R-----·--·-·---···--·······-----·--··------50 12 24. 0 27 54. 0 10 20. 0 2. O Q---·-·····--·-····-·····-··--·----·············· 57 18 31. 6 33 57. 9 5 8. 8 l 1.7 QV. --···-----•• --••••• ---•• ------· ····-· •••••• -. ···-•• •••••• •• ------·---·------·------•• ------•••••• ·----• -- --•• ·-·---·-----·-·--· ----•• - ---• --··· •• ----••• Total.. •••••••• ------········---·---·--·--·- 107 30 28. 0 60 56.1 15 14. 0 2 1. 8

B. Fraternal: According to the Queens (4) Service a ward to high schools-recog­ Queens Chaptter No. 732 Order of the Village by-la.ws, service clubs are composed nizes students prominent in school activities. Eastern Star, State of N.Y. of professiona..ls and business people. (5) Cop of the Year Awa.rd-honors out­ (7) Ancient Order of lliberta.ns--Viv. 17. (1) Lions Club-largest international standing polic·ema.n of the year. C. Socia.I: membership. (6) Funds boy scouts and Girl scouts of (1) American Legion-No. 980 and No. 301. (a.) local :tnembership, 45. America. (2) Bell-Vill Civic Assoc. (b) aims, sight conservation and combat of (7) Actively involved in Drug Alert Pro­ (3) Catholic \Var Veterans-No. 185. drugs addiction. gram-printed up and distributed posters (4) Creedmore Civic Assoc., Inc. ( c) goals. ( 1) Funded research on laser and cartoons on the topic and distributed (5) Eastern Queens Ad Hoc Committee for work and glaucoma; (2) established Braille them to local schools. a Natural Attitude Toward Urban Recrea­ libraries a.fid print shops; (3) founded see­ (d) Meetings from September through tional Environment (NATURE). ing-eye dog traU1ing school and related facil­ June: (6) Queens Village Rep. Club. ities; (4) sponsored &ummer camp for blind; ( 1) weekly meetings every \Vednesda.y at (7) V.F.\V. Unity Post No. 1570. (5) sponsored candy sale and raised approxi­ Antuns. (8) Rocky Hlll Civic Assoc., Inc. mately $3000 to be used to combat drug ad­ (2) Annual State convention. dictioh. (9) Y.M.C.A.-Ea.sterh Queens. (3) Annual international convention. (10) \Va.yanda Civic Assoc. ( d) meetings from September to June. (3) Rotary Club-International: Weekly meetings are held on Tuesdays at ( 11) Queens V1llage Civic Assoc. Antuns. (a) Local membership, 45; international (12) Queens Village Stamp Club. membership, 15,000 clubs in 149 countries. (2) Kiwanis Club-International: (13) Queens Village Camera Club. Local For further information on joining, write: (a) membership, 27; international Brief Facts, P.O. Box 84, Queens Village, N.Y. (14) Young Republicans ot Queens Vil­ membership 400,000. 11429. lage. (b) Aims: Motto: "We Bu~ld"-to help in (lo) Boy Scouts of America. any way possible the youth. of the com­ (b) a.ims-"service above self"; "The im­ provement of our communi.ty and the ad­ (16) Hollis-Bellaire-Queens Vllla.ge Little munity. vancement of world understanding and League. (c) goa.ls: (17) Lioness Club of Queens Vlllage. (1) Kiwanis Baseball-sponsors 1600 boys peace." from ages 8 13 yea.rs. (c) goals (1970)-water pipeline built and ( 18) American Assoc. of Retired Persons to Chap. No. 560. (2) Boys' ca.mp-this year the club spon­ financed in Haiti. sored three local boys. (4) St. Anne's Council-Knights of Colum­ (19) Queens Braddock Civic Assoc. (3) Youth of the Month Program--honors bus No. 2429. (20) Queens Village Boys Clu'b. senior students from local high schools for (6) Eastern Queens BuJi~ess and Profes­ (21) Queens Village Dei:nooratic Club. their scholastic achievements. sional Women's Club, Inc. (22) Twenty-First A.D. Demooratlo Olub. February 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2765 11. Cultural resources base allows the easy building of tall build­ seasons, residents are exposed to all the A. Cultural Organization on the Arts: ings with a minimum of time am.d money different out door sports and activities. ( 1) Goals--secured street closing for the spent on the foundation. Queens Village may not be the perfect Queens Village Centennial. Food Production: The production of food community, but the location and physical ( 2) Aims-promote the Iively arts by in Queens Village is very limited. Meat pro­ setting don't harm it any. sponsoring a/0 presenting artwork, ballet, duction is non-existent, however, many resi­ SIZE OF THE COMMUNITY music, etc. to the public of the community. dents of the community grow some of their own fruits and vegetables. Those who do, do The community of Queens Village is an (8) Funds--from N.Y.C. and N.Y. State area bordered by Union Turnpike and Grand organizations for the lively arts. it as a hobby, not intending to support them­ selves by it. Central Parkway on the north, 211 Street on B. Theatres: (1) Community Theatre; the west, Jamaica Avenue, on the south, and (2) Century's Queens Theatre. Center of Population: Queens Village does not have very many dense population cen­ Gettysburg Street, Braddock Avenue and C. Libraries: (1) Queens Village Branch of Winchester Boulevard on the east. We studied Queens Borough Public Library. ters. Most of the housing units in the com­ munity are private one or two family houses. the size of the community, particularly the D. Physical Activity Center: (1) Y.M.C.A. population. Our research took us to the 1960 of Eastern Queens. There is also a limited number of low rise apartment buildings. The center of popula­ census where we found that Queens Village 111. Delinquency-Crime tion for New York City is far from Queens was broken down into eleven census tracts. A. According to the Commissioner of Village. In addition to our general study of Queens Police: Queens Village has a compa.ra.ti vely Our community does have two areas of Village, we did an in-depth study of tract lower crime rate than anywhere else in fairly dense population. The first area is be­ 1301. This tract, which contains Martin Van Queens, and therefore, does not need ex­ tween 9oth and 99th Avenues and 190th and Buren High School, is determined by Union tensive coverage. Until the new building is 204th Street. The other area is bordered by Turnpike and Grand Central Parkway on the completed, the Queens Village police pre­ Braddock, R.ansom, Jamacia, and 87th north, Springfield Boulevard on the west, cinct (No. 105) is stationed in Rochdale at avenues. Hillside Avenue and Braddock Avenue on the the !13th precinct. Natural Resources: Today, the natural re­ south and Winchester Boulevard on the east. B. Community Policy Patrol for Queens sources of Queens Village are limited. We In our study of Queens Village, we discov­ Village. have wooded lands (at least as compared to ered certain trends in the population. We ( 1) Headed by a police sergeant to provide the other parts of the city), waterways, and researched schools and trade areas in the expanded power and increased facilities. people. neighborhood. This included banks, indus­ (a) The sergeant is the acting police chief The woods and ponds of Queens Village are try and business, and shopping centers. Fi­ of the community. scattered over the community. They are prob­ nally, we conducted a survey of selected fam­ (b) The community force is composed of ably the most important resources we have. ilies in Queens Village and found out their 60 men; 20 men poc tour in a round-the­ It's a shame that the few remaining areas attitudes towards the size of the community. clock patrol. are being destroyed. Now there are ponds The typical types of housing in Queens (c) Patrol coverage includes business and such as Lily Pond and Pea Pond still left. Village are: single family detached, two-story problem areas in the heart of Queens Vil­ Queens Village also has two major parks: garden apartments, row houses and small lage (on Jam.a.lea. Ave.). Alley Pond Park and Cunningham Park. Both apartment houses. The maximum density in C. Delinquency Statistie&-Queens Village: parks have baseball fields and s1m.1lar fe.cili­ the area is from four, to about 29 housing (1) No information on crime rate, delin­ ties. units per acre. quency, and staff' coverage by police was Queens Village has no direct contacrt with There are numerous places to shop in dispensed for this report by the 105th pre­ the ocean. Yet, it plays a signifl.cant role in Queens Village. The community has both cinct. the lives of many of the residents of our large and small shopping areas. There are Delinquency (1967)"' community. New York City, which supplies a also many shopping centers outside of the Queens------33. 6 large percentage of our employment, devel­ neighborhood that are frequented by Queens oped in the beginning, mainly due to the Village residents. 25. 6 Q•• ------great sea.port and harbor that it had. Today, On Hillside Avenue between Springfield R,••Queens ------Village ______101.75.6 2 many people use the not so distant beaches Boulevard and 88th Avenue there is a minor as a place of pleasure and entertainment, shopping center that includes two super­ *Offenses (arrests and referrals of the especially in the summer. markets and an assortment of smaller stores. Police Dep't) per 1000 youths from 7-20 years The people, if you can call them a natural There is also a major commercial area on of age. resource, are last, but not least. The popula­ Jamaica Avenue between 216 Street and 220 ••R, and Q are sections which make up tion tends to be a working, white, middle Street. This area of stores, service facilities, Queens Village class society. Unfortunately, some people commercial recreation, and offices include IV. Mental Health have grown unfriendly and cold; a tragedy shopping centers at Roosevelt Field, Green Aces, Jamaica, Glen Oaks, and Lake Success. A. Creedmore ste,te HospitaJ--only mental caused by the vast population of the large insoitution in Queens Village, funded by cities. Queens Village has more banks in a con­ the State. There is however, a private or­ Physical Setting: Queens Village has a very centrated area than any other community ganization for brain-injured children. interesting geological significance. There is in the city. A few of them are: Jamaica Sav­ ings Bank, R.eliance Federal Savings and ( 1) R.ecently, Creedmore has established a steep hill, following and just north of Hill­ side Avenue. This hill marks the exact spot Loan Association, and the Kings Lafayette an Open Door Policy and an Owt-Patient Bank. These banks pay varying amounts of Policy to lessen the number of permanent where the great glacier stopped. patients per day. Problem Growing Out of Location and interest, as much as 5%, % annually. (a) Open Door Policy-partienrt;s come altl.d Setting: Many of the communities problems Industry and business are concentrated go as they see fit, everyday. · stem from its out lying location. About six­ in two areas, both along Jamaica Avenue. teen miles from city hall, taxed by the city, On the south side of Jamaica Avenue, from (b) Out-Patient Policy-Patients report 212 Street to 220 Street there is light indus­ to Creedmore only when they feel in need yet feeling remote from it, residents believe they are slighted and unserved. Some griev­ try. This includes light manufacturing and of help, and then sign out to go home, when warehousing. On the north side from 212 to appeased. ances are legitimate; public transportation and connections with other parts of the city 216 Street there are heavy commercial and (2) Creedmore houses the mentally dis­ have been deficient; improvements, such as service activities. Among these industries turbed and brain-injured of all ages. street paving and repair and sewer installa­ are warehousing, motor vehicle repair, and LOCATION AND PHYSICAL SETTING OF QUEENS tions, have been slow. Wi.th the remaining amusements. VILLAGE vacant land quickly being developed, the To find out the attitudes towards the size Climate: The climate of Queens Village is need for services from the city is increasing. of the community, we took a survey of fifty called continental by some and temperate The district has an expanding air freight students from Martin Van Buren High by others. We have a seasonal climate. Neither industry, and the community suffers from the School that are residents of Queens Village. extreme winters or burning summers plague noise of planes arriving and departing from The survey consisted of eight questions in­ us. Kennedy Airport. volving population trends and school and Many businesses are controlled by the Queens Village Location and Physical community problems. The results of our sur­ seasons. Ice cream vendors (for example) sell Setting: The location of Queens Village has vey can be seen on table 4. One interesting their goods during the warm summer many advantages. It is close enough to the aspect of the survey was that 47 out of 50 months. Other businesses, such as clothing city so that we have the advantages of the students said that Van Buren is overcrowded, stores, must restock their shelves for each city. Yet, it's far enough from the city so yet only 29 felt that there are not enough new season. that we don't have the pollution and extreme schools in Queens Village. We agree that Soil: Queens Village soil has a large overcrowding. there are not enough high schools in the amount of gravel in it. It also contains con­ The ground allows the little agricultural area, but there is a sufficient number of ele­ siderable amounts of clay. Under the loose use we demand of it. lt also has the solid mentary and junior high schools. Most of the top soil, we have a solid sedimentary rock bedrock which makes the buildings of tall students we spoke to stated that overcrowd­ base. structures much easier. Even the climate is ing is the major cause of the school's prob­ The soil can and was used for agricultural helpful. The weather rarely freezes the ac­ lems. Some of the problems they mentioned purposes, but it is not the best. The rock tivity of the community. With the different were, large classes, double session, and not CXVIII--175-Part 3 2766 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1972 enough personal attention from teachers as Queens Village is? Community problems that figure is not very significant because the well as advisors. were suggested are; crowded busses, segre­ population of most areas have been increas­ We also looked into community problems gation, not enough recreational fac111ties, and ing at a similar rate. stemming from the size of the area. Almost not enough job openings. We feel that the population of Queens Vil­ 50% of those surveyed said that Queens Vil­ Through the course of our research, we lage 'is overcrowded. More than 75% felt that lage is an adequate size now, but increases the area is too segregated. The other ques­ found that the population of planning dis­ could cause severe difficulties. We also think tions that we asked were: Are there enough trict 13, (which Queens Village is a member), that the community ls too segregated. shopping centers and what do you think has had an increase of 100,000 people in Queens Vlllage could use another high school the average annual income of a family in only two decades. However, we feel that this to relieve thP pressure on Martin Van Buren. TABLE 1.- POPULATION (Based on 1960 census data)

Tract 1301 Queens Village Tract 1301 Queens Village

Percent I Percent 2 Percent I Percent i Category Number Percent Q.V. Number Q.V. Category Number Percent Q.V. Number Q.V.

1. Preschool------631 11 25 2,473 9 5. Nonwhite______25 0.05 44 57 0.2 2. Teens ______542 10 20 2,668 10 6. Negro______25 .5 81 31 .1 3. Voting age ______3, 192 59 17 18, 159 70 4. Over 65 ______156 3 6 2, 406 9 TotaL.______~------5, 347 ------·------26, 194 ------

I Percent of the number of people in a particular category in all of Queens Village that are in 2 Percent of people in a particular category relative to Queens Village. tract 1301, 81 percent of the Negroes in Queens Village are in tract 1301. TABLE IL- SCHOOL POPULATION I

White Negro Puerto Rican Plus or ---- minus Percentage School Students Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Capacity capacity of rooms2

1, 581 1, 020 65 544 34 17 1, 684 - 120 93 t~~~~ ~~t~:icf3-0!_ ~~ ======~---_ -_-_-_-_·_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_: ~ ~ ~ == l, 220 1, 109 90 94 8 17 1, 442 - 169 87 Public School 18 ______------386 3, 117 82 64 16 5 689 -303 56 Public School 135 ______------1, 180 927 79 241 20 12 1, 310 -130 90 Van Buren. ___ ---- ____ ------4, 470 3,393 88 482 11 55 3, 468 + 1, 002 128

1 Population based on plan for New York City, 1968. 2 Percentage of rooms in use. TABLE 111.- INCOME and Bell Boulevard on the ea.st and west. This chart shows us that the community Occupations: The area. which we have de­ is basically middle income with yearly earn­ Number of lineated is a typical middle class neighbor­ ings between $6,000 and $16,000 and that, in Category families Percent hood. There is an abundance of people em­ general, larger numbers of people earn more ployed in municipal and community services. money to support larger fam111es. Included are policemen, firemen, sanitation Tract 1301: Unionism: Workers in the community be­ Under$1,000______20 1. 5 workers, and postmen. long to unions according to their occupa­ Under $5,000 ___ •. _..• _...... 161 11. 0 Production also plays a great occupational tional breakdown. Main unions include: $5,000 to $7,000______466 33. 0 role in the life of this section of Queens Patrolmen's Benevolent Association, Uni­ $7,000 to $15,000______703 50. 0 Village. M,achinery and other durable goods, $15,000 to $25,000______74 5. 0 formed Fire Fighters, United Sanitation Over $25,000. ___ .• ______. ___ • •• 16 1. 0 textiles and apparel, and food and other Workers, Transit Workers Union, United kindred products make up the largest Telephone Repairmen. Workers have gone Total •• - ______------• - - l, 430 ------·· amount of employment in manufacturing out on strike when their unions led the way. ======among the people of the community. Queens Village: Distribution is also an important factor in Unemployment: According to the Depart­ Under $1,000 ______94 1. 0 ment of Labor, unemployment figures a.re Under $5,000 ______1, 344 18. 0 the occupational brea.kown of the people in $5,000 to $7,000 ______1, 875 26.0 the area. Included in this subheading are given for a specific census tract only 11 there $7,000 to $15,000 ______3,416 49.0 people involved in wholesale trade, retail are one hundred people on unemployment $15,000 to $25,000. ___ _• ______404 6. 0 in that tract and if that number constitutes Over $25,000 ______------_•• 53 1. 0 tria.de, and the ownership of ea.ting a.nd drink­ ------­ ing establishments. 6% of the total population of the tract. It is Tot aL. - -· ------. -. -- 6, 997 ------Transportation is an integral part of the conceivable to have 150 people unemployed, community though not an extremely large but that might only constitute 3% of the population of the tract. Therefore, this sta­ 1 Income based on figures from the 1960 census. segment of the populace is employed in this field. Taxicab drivers, motormen, and. bus and tistic wlll not be listed. None of the tracts truck drivers a.re included in the above. for the section of Queens Vlllage we are studying were listed at the Department of TABLE IV - SURVEY t Education:a.l and other professional serv­ ice employees make up a fairly large seg­ Labor, showing us that unemployment 1s ment of the com,munity. This subd1v1s1.on either less than 100 fam111es per tract or , Response encompasses teachers, lawyers, doctors, den­ less than 5% per tract. In our survey, we Question Yes No tists, and also engineers a.nd architects. ca.me upon only two families who were Workers in communioa.tion also ma.ke their unemployed. Is area overcrowded______23 27 mark on the community. Included in this Welfare: In this section of the community, Is area segregated______38 12 field a.re printers, publishers, telephone op­ 106 cases of welfare have been flled, consti­ Is Van Buren overcrowded ______47 3 erators and repairmen. tuting 201 people. This includes home relief, Is overcrowding the cause of school problems_ 41 9 Are there enough schools in Queens Village_ _ 21 29 Income: Income in this portion of Queens temporary aid to dependent children, old Are there enough shopping centers______44 6 Vill,age ranges from the moderately low to age assistance, and a.id to the blind and What are some school and community prob- the upper brackets. It ranges from aibout disabled. lems growing out of the size of the com- $3,000 a year to $15,000 and over. As one pro­ munity______(2) (2) ceeds north in this section of the com­ Transiency: There a.re no figures avail­ munity, one finds that income generally rises. able for job changes. In our survey, we found only two or three cases of job changes or I Average income of families in area surveyed: Under $5 000 , The following is a chart showing income 3; $5,000 to $7,000, _8; $7,000 to $15,000, 24; over $15,000, 15 breakdown per family size. (Ta.ken from pla.t1 changes in occupations in the past year. 2 Varied answers in body of report for Queens.) According to Mrs. Handler, head of the OCCUPATIONS Queens Village Chamber of Commerce, peo­ ple keep the same jobs and occupations for The community of Queens Village encom­ 3,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 passes a wide range of occupations, incomes, Size to 5,999 to 9,999 to 14,999 and over practically their entire lives. This district ls and other related factors. Since our report one of the stablest segments of Queens in deals basically with the school community, 1 person. ______334 275 0 8 this respect. we limited our survey district to the area 2 people ______3, 466 4, 594 1, 536 274 Child Labor: There are no reported inci­ 3 people. ______2, 272 4, 631 2, 182 602 between Ja.nmlca Avenue and Union Turn­ 4 people ______2, 302 5, 342 2, 507 944 dents of child labor in our sampling district. µike on the south and north, and 233 Street We must assume that it is non-existent. February 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2767

1960 CENSUS STATISTICS OF OCCUPATIONS IN TRACTS LOCATED BETWEEN JAMAICA AVENUE AND UNION TURNPIKE

Tracts 542 548 552 554 556 558 560 562 564 566 1, 301

Total employed. ______l, 827 837 1, 017 927 813 684 622 454 620 481 2,015 63 30 56 29 46 43 46 17 30 22 · 66 439 210 225 197 169 167 133 89 139 119 544 3 3 8 9 4 4 0 0 8 0 4 32 12 9 0 22 0 5 0 0 4 41 47 40 26 32 23 47 8 12 4 10 19 Iii~~~;~;;;}:;=:;;:;;;;;:::;::;;;;;;;;;;=;;;;;;;;; 39 0 10 17 21 3 4 12 23 11 58 f 57 26 27 20 26 27 29 14 23 11 58 F. Foods and kindred products------80 52 10 12 19 23 23 15 38 22 51 G. Textile and afiparel. ______------57 16 50 31 15 13 20 0 11 5 166 H. Printing, pub ishing and allied industries ______60 16 50 31 15 13 20 0 11 5 166 64 18 40 35 22 26 16 12 20 13 50 0 8 4 7 5 4 5 13 11 0 20 70 38 43 67 42 37 41 27 36 27 50 90 66 50 62 53 45 16 19 40 43 43 114 35 69 43 47 42 24 21 8 16 124 32 17 28 13 13 12 8 3 4 33 46 277 92 93 133 175 90 81 46 99 58 307 88 28 56 33 23 12 26 15 16 12 58 8 0 17 0 3 0 12 0 3 4 4 40 15 27 40 23 3 8 11 19 29 38 22 4 44 30 21 8 12 28 4 9 48 80 26 30 15 49 35 26 17 24 20 132 120 22 43 20 25 42 33 15 57 34 120 OtherPublic industriesadministration ______------______------_____ 127 64 68 90 69 39 68 54 36 16 258 253 182 164 148 150 105 73 78 94 39 .. ------

ELECTIONS AND POLITICS--HONESTY IN All of our representatives have good repu­ would have the capacity to effectively mon­ GOVERNMENT tations and there is really no question of itor local services, broaden citizen involve­ There is no local government in Queens dishonestly in government. ment in government decision-making and Village. We are represented however, by duly­ The registration in Queens V1llage is pre­ make agencies mor accountable to the com­ elected officials in the City Council, State dominantly Democratic ( approximately 3 to munity they serve. The new neighborhood Legislwture, and Congress. The Councilman 1) but it is generally considered a basically governments would be given the powers that representing Queens Village ( 16th Council conservative area and very often votes Re- . are now held by Community Planning Boards, District) is Matthew J. Troy, Jr., a Demo­ publican. For example, Queens Village's Urban Action Task Forces, Neighborhood crat. He has represented Queens Village in representative in the State Assembly has been City Halls, and Neighborhood Conservation the City Council since 1964. He now also holds a Republican for approximatly the last three Bureaus. These powers would basically be to the pos.t of Queens County Demooratic Lead­ decades. oversee city services and make recommenda­ er. He has recently come out in support of Queens Village has local branches of both tions with little or no power to allocate George McGovern (Democratic senator from. the Democratic and Republican Clubs. The funds. It is estimated that this plan would South Dakota) for President. Mr. Troy has Democratic Club (which never seems to be not cost the city any additional money since o:ften been described as a conservative who occupiedi) is located at 220-24 Jamaica. Ave­ the two million dollars now budgeted to the votes liberal. Also representing the people of nue and meets the third Friday of every Community (Planning) Boards, Urban Ac­ Queens Village, the two councilmen at large month. tion Task Forces, Neighborhood Conserva­ from Queens are Mr. Alvin Frankenberg, a This yea.r's elections were marked by some tion Bureaus, and Borough Improvement Liberal, and Mr. Ma.stropieri, representing of the most sweeping bipartisan endorse­ Boards would be rechanneled to be used by the Demooratic Party. The Chief executive ments of candidates in Queens County his­ the new neighborhood governments. of Queens, or Borough President is Donald tory. These included nominations for Judges, The present Community (Planning) Boards Manes, a Democrat. He became Borough Pres­ Borough President, District Attorney, and in each community planning district would ident this year when Sidney Leviss resigned Surrogate. Of the four major parties, the be strengthened. The members of these com­ and decided to run for a Judgeship in the conservatives were the only ones to put up munity boards would be appointed as fol­ COUll't system. When Mr. Leviss announced their own slate. Under the agreement be­ lows: , the Mayor, Borough President, and ~is resignation, it was already too late for tween Democratic County Chairman Matthew Councilmen for the district together with a primary election for Borough President to Troy and Republican County Chairman Sid­ Councilmen at Large would each appoint be held. A replacement (Donald Manes) was ney s. Wein, three Democrats and three Re­ seven members; also community school therefore aippointed by the executive com­ publicans received nomination to the State boards covering the district would appoint mittee of the two major parties. Mr. Manes Supreme Court. Jules Kroll, A Democratic three members. This would make a min­ wa.s then elected to the Borough President­ candidate for Queens Councilman at Large imum number of twenty-four. ship this year, with the support of the Demo­ brought a suit in Federal Court to nullify In addition, any community corporation cratic, Republican, and Liberal Parties. the nomination charging that Troy and Hein boards or model cities advisory committee Queens District Attorney Thomas Mackell, plotted with residing Judges to resign after included within the boundaries of the com­ Democrat, was also reelected with the sup­ the deadline for filing primary petitions and munity planning district would appoint up port of these three parties. then nominated the same candidates. He to three members, in proportion to the total The majority of Queens Village lies within charged these actions were designed to disen­ population of the district they serve. It is the 20th Assembly District (A.D.) and is rep­ franchise Queens voters by subverting the hoped that eventually these boards will be resented by Republican John Esposito. A democratic process in the primary, then appointed. Then, there would be a commu­ northern portion of Queens Village lies in preventing a choice of candidates in the nity hall in each district. the 21st Assembly District, and is represented general election. This action violated the A community director would be appointed by Saul Weprin, a Liberal Democrat. fourteenth amendment according to Mr. by the Mayor from a panel of five names Queens Village lies within the 8th State Kro .... However, the suit was dismissed. submitted by the community boards. The Senatorial District and is represented by In recent years, the city has tried to bring community director would chair regular Murray Schwartz, a Democrat. He has been government closer to the people through meetings of the community cabinets. The a State Senator since 1966. He wishes to en­ neighborhood city halls, creation of the officers of the community boards, the Bor­ courage civic groups to press vociferously for Mayor's Urban Task Force and the strength­ ough President, and the city councilman or reforms. He has always supported anti-busing ening of Community (Planning) Boards their designees would also attend. bills and shows a wide range of concerns established by the City Charter. The local boards would prepare annual including election reforms and consumer pro­ Mayor Lindsay proposed this June a plan district papers which should contain an eval­ tection. He gi".es solving the narcotics prob­ that would establish a single community board for each community planning dis­ uation of municipal services in the district lem top priority because he says it leads to and recommendations for improvements. so many other problems. trict in the city with a full time staff, com­ Seymour Halpern, a Republican, has rep­ munity offices, and a community cabinet They would hold -hearings on the city's capi­ resented the 6th New York Congressional of local city officials. It would provide for a tal budget on projects located in the com­ District since 1959. He often sponsors con­ 'single local board to deal with all city prob­ munities and then make suggestions to the sumer protection bllls. lems, with a broadly based membership. It Mayor, Board of Estimate, and City Council. 2768 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February· 4, 1972 REGISTRATION OF VOTERS- JUNE 1971

20TH ASSEMBLY DISTRICT 21ST ASSEMBLY DISTRICT

Re· Demo- Con - Re- Demo- Con- publican cratic Liberal servative Total publican cratic Liberal servative Total

Election District: Election35 ______District: ______50 . . . . . ------. .. ------271 362 8 31 711 36 ______92 592 41 4 762 52. ------229 321 8 16 623 5}. ______60 618 18 1 737 53. ------· ----- 129 211 8 22 385 112 266 5 1 423 54 __ _------182 352 4 14 589 52 . -- ____ ------83 211 5 2 337 55_ ------• ----- 131 184 3 16 366 53 _____ ------53 323 8 3 434 56. ------232 302 7 10 581 8254 ____. ______---______--__-- _--_-______----___-- --___- 98 276 17 18 447 60. ------119 234 7 10 396 38 370 14 1 435 77 ______------192 245 11 11 498 Total 21st Assembly District. •... 536 2, 656 108 30 3, 575 Total 20th Assembly District.. . __ l , 485 2, 211 56 124 4, 149 20th Assembly District..------1, 485 2,211 56 124 4, 149 Total. .••. ------2, 021 4, 867 164 154 7, 724

1971 ELECTION RESULTS have his name, address, and phone number vard from 2,900 feet south of 147 Avenue t o posted in the ent rance hall. 147 Avenue. This is supposed to be in con­ (Councilman at targe: Muratori, Mastropieri) It is the landlord's responsibility to keep junct.ion with the const ruction orf a Nassau the halls, stai!l's, dumbwaiters, shafts, cellars, Expressway. A second stretch along 226 Street Conser- Demo­ roofs, alleys, backyard and stoops clean and has been planned, but no star.ting date has vative Total cratic free of any vermin. The tenant is obligated been set as yet. to keep his apartment clean or face eviction. BmTH AND DEATH RATES : I LLNESSES 20th assembly He is forbidden to shake mops and throw district...... ' 7, 439 4, 083 11, 522 11, 161 trash out of the windows or into the dumb­ The birth and death rates for the health Queens total. •• __ 82, 943 49, 231 132, 174 216, 488 waiter shaft or into public halls. In areas district including Floral Park and Queens where pets are allowed, the tenant is responsi­ Village show the following statistics for (Assemblyman,20th assembly district: Esposito, Laudun) ble for their actions on the sidewalk. 1965: If an exterminator is needed, the landlord B ir ths Whit e ------6, 808 Conserva- mUS't provide one. When it snows, he must Republican tive Total Liberal also see tha.t the sidewalks are shoveled, then Nonwhite ------328 sanded or salted. Total births ______7, 136 9,005...... 4, 490 13, 495 2, 231 If there is no incinerator in a building, the 1,andlord. must provide aLternate mee.ns Deaths TRANSPORTATION BOND ISSUE for garbage collection and disposal. He must White ------3, 590 put OU1t ait least two cans daily from 7-9 Nonwhite ------116 6-8 Yes No a.m. and p .m . The Department of Sani­ Total deaths ______3,705 tation sends out day trucks and night trucks. The garbage is dumped in a land­ Deaths by Car di ovascular disease 20th assembly district •••.•••.. 9, 365 17, 126 form on Fountain Avenue. These cans must White ------2, 111 have t ight-fitting metal covers. All garbage Nonwhite ------62 HEALTH must be placed in these cans and no ga.rbage The once sparsely populated areas of Queens is permitted on top of the lids. Old maga­ Total deaths ______2,173 zines a.nd newspapers must be tied up in Village and Floral Park have become in-· Deaths by malignant neoplasm cre1;1,5ingly popula.ted due to the curren.rt desire bundles foll' collection. Bulky items that are for suburban life. This sudden rise in popula­ to be disposed of will be picked up by phon­ White ------736 tion has stimulated the need for more hospi­ ing the Department of Sanitation. It is il­ Nonwhite ------20 tals, old age homes and treatment cenrters legal to leave a refrigerator oUltside for pic,k Total deaiths______773 for the sick and aged. up with the door still on. Health is an important aspect of commu­ The preceding paragraph in regard to gM­ Fetal deaths by cestaticm nity living; only one carrier of a contagious bage collection applies to apartments as well White ------714 disease is needed to infect many others and as private homes. In adc:llJtion, there are spe­ Nonwhite - --- ·------68 then possibly create an uncontrollable epi­ cial sanitaltion rules that apply to the co­ demic. The typhoid crisis, many years back, perative developm.enrt surrounding the Total deaths______777 is an 111 ustration of this point. One "ty­ school. Separaite garbage rooms with cans To summarize the statistics in Floral Park phoid" Mary spread the typhoid sickness and are provided for the disposal of refuse. The and Queens Village, cardiovascular diseases caused it to reach epidemic proportions. On litter cans on the sidewalks and the garbage contributed to the most deaths, 2173/3706 the following pages, the already existing oans in the laundry rooms are not intended or approximately 66 % . The second most health and nutritional programs and facil­ for household garbage. They are used sitrictly prevalent disease is malignant neoplasm, ities that have been established to cope ei­ for papers and empty detergent packages. approximately 25 % • The total number of ther successfully or unsuccessfully with the In 90% of the communities in Queens, gar­ births is approximately twice the total num­ community health problems are listed. On bage is picked up twice a week. ber of deaths. The statistics bear out the the basis of the extensive research done, sev­ The current rise in house construction current ones for the U.S. The number one eral conclusions have been made as to how has necessitated the need ,for improvements killer is heart disease, the number two killer effective they have been in combating and in the stonn and saniitary sewers in Queens is cancer. preventing sickness and malnutrition in the vmage and Floral Park. The following are Other disease present are the ones present school community. the plans for the locrution of storm sewers in most middle class suburban areas. The The ultimate source of water for the school and the schedule to begin work: common cold, the flu, throat infections, oc­ community is the Catskill reservoir. In order East Williston Avenue, 74th Avenue from casionally, the grip . Among children there is to reach the tap at home, the water must Liittle Neck Parkway to 225th Street (Spring, chicken pox and measles. Diseases such as pass through the two city tunnels in Brook­ 1970) as well as 240th Avenue from 93 Ave­ small pox, pol~o and diptheria are obsolete lyn, enter the Ridgewood reservoir and travel nue to Braddock Avenue (Spring 1970). Ac­ due to the preventative immunizations. Re­ through water mains to its final destination. cording to the Plan for New York City these cently, due to the bad air pollution, many The city of New York has established def­ projects should have taken a year to be com­ people's throats have been bothering them, inite rules in regard to sanitation in apart­ pleted aind they should be finished by now. but hopefully this wm be eliminated. ment buildings. When a building houses more The estimated costs for these projec,ts and than eight families, the landlord. is obligated tbose mentioned below a.re: This district has more hospital beds than to have regular janitorial service available any other in Queens, although only a small Project: Cost number are general health facilities. The to his tenants. If he does not do the jani­ Ea.st Williston Avenue______$800, 000 state's 6788-bed Creed.more Mental Hospital torial work himself, he is required to station Springfield BouJevard ______3, 390, 000 a superintendent in the bullding or on the 226 Street ______1,260,000 is now being modernized and the voluntary same block. In cases of more than 12 fami­ 300-bed Hillside Hospital, also voluntary, are lies, the landlord must either live in the The state in Jan uary, 1970, if things have both psychiatric facilities, Creedmore Hos­ apartment house, or have a janitor in the proceeded according to schedule, should pital has about 200 acres of undeveloped building or within 200 feet of it. If the land­ have

QUEENS BOROUGH PUBLIC LIBRARY CIRCULATION STATISTICS: JUNE 30, 1970-1971 , QUEENS VILLAGE BRANCH [July 1969-June 1970 and July 1970-June 1971]

Circulation Increase or Adult reference statistics Quarterly Yearly decrease -----,------Total adult Adult Juvenile Total Adult Juvenile Total Information Instruction Research reference

1969- 70. ------. 35, 929 18, 743 54, 672 139, 576 73, 572 213, 148 -13, 848 48, 987 12, 141 8, 774 ti9, 902 1970-71. •• ------. 34, 055 15, 466 49, 521 142, 630 69, 489 212, 119 -1,029 64, 513 22, 485 17, 382 104, 380

JUVENILE REFERENCE STATISTICS : JULY 1969 TO JUNE 1970 ; dolls.rs except for a few newer additions tn These are two family attached homes sit­ JULY 1970 TO JUNE 1971 both sections. uated on Pontiac Street near P.S. 118. The types of dwellings in the north are An overall view of Queens Villiage is a ln- Total ranches, one and two family houses, colo­ middle class community composed basically lnfor- struc- Re- juvenile nials, up ,and down houses, old frame houses, of private homes with a few small apart­ mation tion search reference and a few split levels. The south has old men~ buildings. It has very little room for frame houses, one and two family houses, expansion but it is not overcrowded. 1969 to 1970 ...... ••• 19, 275 9, 954 4, 158 34, 387 and some ranches. Comparing the similar Local board 13 of the Borough President 1970tol971...... 22, 046 10, 259 7, 320 39,625 type of houses in the north' and south, there Planning Board is the only active community Total reference: is one significant difference. The houses in planning group. The function of this local 6 the nonh are larger and they a.re on larger Juyu~: Mt...... 104, 289 board is to settle major fights over zoning July 1970 to plots of land. problems, school problems and other prob­ June 1971...... 144, 005 About eighty percent of all homes in th.is lems of the community. There are twenty­ community are privately owned. Beside these seven representatives from this neighborhood REGISTRATION STATISTICS : JULY 1969 TO JUNE 1970; houses, there is a New York State aided co­ on this board. Mrs. Hayes of the Borough operative on both sides of Hillside Ave.; The JULY 1970 TO JUNE 1971 President's Office is present during every Bell Park Ma.nor and Terrace is low cost meeting and she reports to the main board housing for veterans. The number of units the results of the meeting. Annual-New Total active members are divided equally above and below Hill­ There are many civic associations through­ Juve- Juve· side Ave. There are also some apartment out Queens Village (over 20). These civic Adult nile Total Adult n11e Total buildings. Most of these buildings a,re located associations deal usually with the same prob­ on both sides of Jamaica Ave. The size of lems the Borough President Planning Board these apartment buildings vary between five 1969 to 1970 ..• 2, 857 2, 472 5, 329 8, 212 6, 940 15, 152 has. These organizations are formed by con­ 1970 to 1971. .• 2, 914 2, 422 5, 336 8, 862 7, 121 15, 983 and twelve stories high and cover about one cerned homeowners. The main functions of quarter to one haJ.f of a city block. One of these associations is to protect the members the largest of these buildings is located on from any infringement of their rights. These HOUSING AND SCHOOL FACILITIES the corner of Springfield Blvd. and Un.ion associations are all members of the Eastern Even though Queens Village is considered Turnpike. Queens Civic Association. This parent orga­ a middle class residential area, it is split The problem of overcrowding and conges­ nization is extremely strong because it is into two definite economic sections; Jamaica tion does not exist. There are no places where backed by a large portion of all the home­ Ave. is the boundary line between them. The la.rge numbers of people live in a small area. owners of Eastern Queens. upper middle class is located in the north­ This is due to the fact that there are no Martin Van Buren High School which is ern section while the lower middle class is gigantic housing projects, few aipartment located on Hillside Ave. and 232 Street, is in the southern section. The housing in ea.oh bu1ld1ngs and large numbers of private overcrowded. The rezoning of certain areas of these areas reflect positive differences in homes. There are no slum areas in Queens of Queens and the additional busing has economic strata. Village because this is a middle class area caused Martin Van Buren to hold about 1000 There are approximately the same number which ls welll. kept. Since most houses are students more than its capacity. Martin Van of private houses in both the northern and owned by their occupants, the occupants Buren can service Queens Village comforta­ sourthern sections of Queens Village. In the have pride in their community and their bly but, Van Buren doesn't only take stu­ north, the houses are between 20 and 40 property. dents from Queens Village. Students from years old. These houses are in exceH.ent re­ In 1922, Queens Village started to expand. Bellrose, Floral Park, Springfield Gardens and pair and sell between 40 to 70 thousand dol­ New houses were being built to accommodate parts of Queens Village do attend. Van Buren lars. On the other hand, in the south, the the influx of people moving into this com­ is the only school in the community which houses a.re of lesser quality. Thek age runs munity. Today, there is very little land left has this overcrowding problem. The follow­ between 30 to 50 years old and their selling to have houses built on. There is only one ing table lists the school's of the community, price is in the range of 20 to 40 thousand new housing development in this vicinity. their enrollment and capacity.

Enrollment School Construction Grades Address Principal White Negro Puerto Rican Capacity 18 . ••••.••••••••.•.• 1955 k--6 86-35, 235 •••..••... Charles Strier. Num- Per- Num- Per- Num- Per· Plus or 1925, 1966 School 33 . ------. . . . .••. . k--6 91-37, 222 .•...... • Louis Abramowitz. Total ber cent ber cent ber cent Total minus 34 ...... ----... . .•. 1898, 1930 k--6 104-12 Slringfield ••• Eudice Stadlen. 135 ...... •. .•... . . 1930, 1955 k-6 89 and 2 7...... •• Irving Greenberg. 109 Q. . •.•...... •.. 1925, 1966 7-9 213-09, 92 ...... -- Sidney Goodman. 18 .••...... 386 317 82 64 16 5 1 689 -303 MVB . . .•. ..••••. , ..• 1955, 1963 9- 12 Hillside-232 .•..•... Maurice Bleifeld. 33 ...... 1, 109 998 90 94 8 17 2 1, 278 -169 34 ...... 713 564 79 120 17 29 4 702 11 135 ...... 1, 180 927 79 241 20 12 1 1, 310 -130 109 •. ------. 1, 541 1, 020 65 544 34 17 1 1, 701 -120 MVB .•.•••...• 4,470 3,933 88 482 11 55 1 3,468 1, 002 2774 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1.972

WELJ'AU AGENCIES The only actual social service provided by These are the results of a survey taken i-n One of the major problems facing our large the. school is the free lunch program. It is July, 1967. The city was divided into zones. cities today is the increasing number of peo­ federally funded and comes under the juris­ The rones included. 1n this report are: 21.40, ple using the social services provided for the diction of the Central Boa.rd of Education. 21.60, 21.70, 29.10, 29.20. Students from each public. New York City is a .prime example A point Mrs. Anker constantly stressed was of these zones attend Va.n Buren. with almost one-eighth of its population on that of a very liberal attitude by Van Buren The results are divided into two main some form of welfare. towards the project. They feel that some of categories. They are: With Children and This study is concerned with the areas the established rules and standards are out­ Without Children. These two oategorles a.re feeding students to Martin Van Buren High dated and thus cases are examined indi­ also divided up. The cases with children a.re School. While a majority of pupils come from vidually. Income versus dependents of the divided into six columns. They ue: Type of the Queens V1llage and surrounding areas, a family are the deciding factors. However, Aid, Cases (number of cases), Adults, Chil­ few travel a -considerable distance to attend Mrs. Anker does not adhere to exact numbers, dren Under 5 (CH. UN.) Total Number of this school. These areas do not truly repre­ correcting for such items as increases in the Children (Tot. Ch.), and Total Number of sent the Van Buren students, and are not cost of living, abnormal situations, etc. People (Tot. Peo.). The dlff'ererut types of aid included. as they would distort the true Each person receives one pass each month are: Home Relief, Aid to Dependent Children picture. with a place on it for the date to be marked (A.D.C.), Temporary Aid to Dependent Chil­ The vast majority of financial aid comes off. If the student loses the pass, he must dren (Tepip. A.D.C.) Temporary A.D.C. is aid from the government: federal, state and local. bring his own lunch for the remainder of the to the family of a worker who temporarily ls However, there are a large number of private month. In the entire history of the program out of work. Someone who is in between jobs. organizations that provide some service for at Martin Van Buren there has not been one The cases without children are divided the community. Church and other religious reported case of a pass being stolen or lost. into eight columns. They a.re, Home Relief groups are an example. A spot check of a Of course, they are tolerant of the student with one pa.rent (H.R. I/P) , Home Relief number of these organizations indicated that who forgets his pass every once in a whlle with two pa.rents (FOASE) , the number of most merely provide social advice in the and a call by Mrs. Anker to the cafeteria will adults in FOases, Old Age Assistance form of consultations and do not aid mone­ allow him to eat that day. (O.A.A.), Aid to the Blind (A.B.), Aid to the tarily. Groups such as the Lighthouse help In recent years the necessity for free lunch Disabled (A.D.), Total number of cases (Tot. in rehab111tative areas. Also, a few organiza­ has decreased due to school policy of elim­ Cases), and Total number of people (Tot. tions dealing with financial aid do exist, such ination as many lunch periods as possible. Peo.) . The H.R. I/P 1s aid given to one person as veteran or union groups. A majority of students go only for six periods living alone who is under the age of 65. An However, problems arise in trying to obtain which does not demand a lunch period. There F Oase is where two people (married) a.re statistics from these people. They are either are only fifty to sixty students using this receiving Home Relief. O.A.A. consists only not available for pubiic review, or cover such program but there are a great number of of people over 65. a large geographic area as to make them in­ people who are eligible but cannot ut11ize the When you mention Welfare, most people valid in this study. Consequently, the bulk program as they do not eat in school. think of Home Relief. There are very few of this report deals with governmental assist­ A major problem in getting information is Home Relief cases in the school area, 18 in ance only. that the people consulted either do not know how to get you the facts you desire, or are all. The largest part of them, 9, are in the All available statistics concerning numbers not at liberty to divulge it to the public. southern most oone, 29.20. There are 8 in 29 .10 and 1 in 21.60. There e.re none in the and locations or the cases can be found to­ This was true of the Social Service Bureau in wards the end of the report. They are pres­ Jamaica. which serves the general eastern two northern most zones 21.70 and 21.40. ently in as clear and accurate a manner as Queens area. From here we were referred to Zone 29 .20 also has the only two Temporary possible. It should be noted. that some of the the main branch located in Manhattan, who A.D.-C. cases in the area. Zone 29.20 has the forms of comparison and areas involved may referred us to Community Relations, who highest number of welfare cases. It has by be overlapping or divided in seemingly illogi­ referred us to the commissioner of Com­ far the most A.D.C. cases. It also h,as the cal ways. This is due to the fact that the munity Relations, who referred us to the most O.A.A. organization conducting these surveys do so Social Service Bureau in Jamaica. Having Zone 21.70 has the least amount of Wel­ in accordance with their own needs. They made a complete circle without obtaining any fare. There are 15 cases of A.D.C., 12 cases of were adapted. as best as possible to show the worthwhile information, we attempted to O.A.A., 4 cases of A.D. and 2 cases of H.R. proper relationships involved in our study. utilize every other possib111ty. These included I/P. There is no Home Relief given to fam­ Governmental funds are made available the library, the Mayors Task Force, teachers ilies. 21.60 has the second lowest number of from three levels: federal, state and local. in the school, etc. These all kept referring us cases. 21.40 is the third highest. This ls due This includes all types of welfare except for to the Social Service Bureau in Jamaica. to the high number of A.D.C. cases in the home relief which is shared equally by state Just before totally giving up we decided to zone. The second highest zone is 29.10. It has and local agencies. Government, of course, try the telephone circle again. After com­ 64 Welfare cases. obtains funds by the taxation of the popu­ pleting the cycle up to Oommunity Rela­ These statistics show that in the school lace. This leads into the question as to tions, this time the lady gave us a different area, most of the Welfare cases are A.D.C., whether there are enough funds to carry out number which turned out to be The Com­ 184 or 47% . The next highest is O.A.A. with this project in the proper manner. munity Council of Greater New York. For­ 130 or 34 % . The next highest ls Aid to the Much discussion has centered around this tunately they had much of the information Disabled, with 6%. topic in recent months. In general, recipients we needed.. In another survey ta.ken in Queens and of welfare feel that aid is at a level below The moral of the story is that somewhere, a decent minimum. The average middle class someone has the information you need. This parts of Brooklyn, there were 22,000 cases. worker on the other hand, resents paying problem ls simply finding a lady who hap­ 85% of them were A.D.C. and 10% were money for someone who is not working. The pens to be in a good mood at that particular O.A.A. In the city epproximately 15% of the area under study by this report consists moment and who will take the time to help cases were O.A.A. The school area has an mainly of the latter. Only a small percentage you. If we are to cope with welfare prob­ exceptionally high number of O.A.A. cases. of the families of students attending Martin lems of the community, Welfare Informa­ Approximately 68% of the oases in the city Van Buren receive some social service in tion should be made readily available to are A.D.C. The school a..ret1, ha.s 20% :fewer comparison with the remainder of the city. community members. cases. The rest are about the same.

ZONE 21.60-WITH CHILDREN ZONE 29.10- WITH CHILDREN

Children Total Total Children Total Total Type of aid Cases Adults under 5 children people Type of aid Cases Adults under 5 children people

Home relief______1 2 5 7 Home relief______------3 6 5 15 21 ADC ___ •• ______• ______•• __ • ______13 13 23 36 ADC ••• ______•••••• __ __. _. ___ • ___ ••• 19 17 14 49 66 Temporary ADC. ______0 0 0 0 Temporary ADC ______0 0 0 0 0 Total. ____ •• _____ •••• ______14 15 28 43 Tota'------22 23 19 64 87

WITHOUT CHILDREN WITHOUT CHILDREN

Total Total Total Total H.R. 1/P F cases Adults OAA AB AD cases people H.R. 1/P F cases Adults OAA AB AD cases people

4 ______7______19 29 29 34 0 42 42 February 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2775

ZONE 29.20- WITH CHILDREN ZONE 21.70-WITH CHILDREN

Children Total Total Children Total Total Type of aid Cases Adults under 5 children people Type of aid F cases Adults under 5 children people

Home relieL------~--- - 8 1922 992 23668 48 Home relief______1~ lg 12 2~ 4~ ADC------111 368 ADC ______Q O O O Temporary ADC •• ------___2_ _ __4____ 4____ 6____ 10 Temporary ADC ______o______TotaL •• ------121 108 105 310 426 Total. ______15 14 14 26 40

WITHOUT CHILDREN· WITHOUT CHILDREN

Total Total Total Total H.R.1/P F cases Adults OAA AB AD cases people H.R. 1/P F Cases Adults OAA AB AD cases people

14 ______78 2______2 51 77 12 18 18

ZONE 21.40-WITH CHILDREN TOTALS WITH CHILDREN

Children Total Total Children Total Total Type of aid F cases Adults under 5 children people Type of aid F cases Adults under 5 children people

Home relief.. ______HomeADC ______relief.. ••••• __ ••••• - ••••• ___--• --__ •_ 0 0 0 0 0 12 20 16 56 76 26 28 35 78 106 ADC ______184 164 150 444 616 Temporar¥ ADC ______TemporaryADC •• ------0 -0 ---- 0 ------0 0 2 4 4 6 10 TotaL •••• _••••.• _____ •••••• __ ••••• 26 28 35 78 106 WITHOUT CHILDREN WITHOUT CHILDREN Total Total H. R. 1/P F cases Adults OAA AB AD cases people Total Total H.R. 1/P F cases Adults OAA AB AD cases people 31______120 21 185 186 4 ______14 19 19 Total number of cases with children ______198 Total number of cases without children______185

Total number of cases · ------383 Total number of people with children ·------698 Total number of people without children ______186

Total number of people ... ------884

TRANSPORTATION route used by residents of Queens V1llage Another problem in the streets ts the lack Several different forms of transportation to get to Kennedy International Airport. To of signs and lights to guide the motorist. are available in Queens Village. Residents reach the airport, the Cross Island is used in Numerous accidents have been caused due to have a cho1ce between pri.vate transportation a Southern direction. GOilng northward, it this problem. and mass transit. Below are discussed the crosses the Long Island Expressway. One of the main problems of mass transit situations and problems with several types of Even though the L.I.E. doesn't run through in Queens Vlllage ls the complete lack of both forms of transportation. Queens Vlllage, many residents use it going subways. It ts necessary to take a bus to Residents of Queens Village rely heavily on westwaird for daily transportation to and reach the subway. This means that Queens the parkways of the area for transportation. from Manhattan. V1llage residents must pay double fares to Due to the lack of adequate mass transit During the morn:ing and afternoon rush reach Manhattan. fac1llt1es, there 1s often heavy congestion on hours, the congestion on these arteries is the Major improvements in mass transit that the parkways. greatest. Accidents frequently tie up traffic, wm help Queens Village have been approved especially on the L.I.E. and the Grand Cen­ by the State Legislature and the New York The Grand Central Parkway runs through tral Parkway. The construction on the Grand City Board on Estimate. The proposed North­ part of Queens V1llage. Westward it connects Central Parkway has caused increased rates east Queens Subway Line wm run along the with the Long Island Expressway and later of congestion and accidents. , leads into the Triborough Bridge. Eastward Long Island Expressway. It is expected to be it goes through Nassau County to Ea.stem There are other roads which are smaller built to Klssena Blvd. at first and later ex­ than the parkways but are very important tended to Springfield Blvd. This will stm not Long Island. within Queens V111age. These include Com­ penetrate Queens Village, but will bring the Until recently, the part of the Grand Cen­ monwealth Blvd., Hempstead Turnpike, subway closer. tral Parkway running through Queens Vil­ Springfield Blvd., Winchester Blvd., Union Also, the extension of the subway along lage was one of the few rema.inlng pe.rts of Turnpike, H1llside Ave., Jamaica Ave., Brad­ Hillside Ave. past 179 Street has been dis­ the parkway which had only two lanes going dock Ave., Bell Blvd., and Homs Court Blvd. cussed but nothing ts on the agenda for the in each direction. This should help greatly Portions of Springfield Blvd. have recently near future. If such action is taken, many to alleviate some of these problems. One of been repaved and recurbed. Also, parts of Queens V11lage residents would only have to the disadvantages of the widening has been H1lls1de Ave. have been repaved. Braddock pay one fare instead of two. the destruction of part of Alley Pond Park Ave. is greatly in need of repair. No plans and other landscaping adjacent to the pwrk­ There are several buses which may be for it are scheduled in the near future. taken to reach the subways. One method 1s way. Plans for repaving of Union Turnpike from to take ithe Q 48 bus along Hillside Ave. to the The Clearview Expressway currently runs Little Neck Parkway to Francis Lewis Blvd., IND subway at 179 Street. According to the from the Grand Central Parkway northward and this work will be done at some time in N.Y.C. Transit Authority, buses run every to the Throgs Neck Bridge. Proposals haJVe the near future. Improvements on Jamaica 2Yz minutes during the morning rush hour been made to extend the exJM"essway south­ Blvd. have been recently completed. and every 5 to 7¥:z minutes during the even­ ward past Hillside Ave. to provide North­ Private cars are used by the majority of ing rush hours. During the non-rush hours South access and to tie together the express· Queens Village residents. Many of the local and on week-ends, service is much less fre­ way system of Queens. There has been con­ streets are greatly in need of improvement. quent. Waits of up to an hour for a bus are siderable opposition to the expa.nslon pro­ When salt is put on the streets after winter not uncommon. Also, the Q I can be used on posal. It centers around the fa.ct that many snowstorms, there is a corrosive effect on the H1llside Ave. The Q 36 bus runs along H111- homes and a great deal of parkland would streets. This, along with melting ice and side Ave. until 212 Street, and along 212 have to be destroyed to make way for the snow during the Spring, has caused potholes Street until Jamaica Ave. and continues expressway. Several plans are being consid­ and cracks. along Jamaica Ave. ered that would minimize danger to the area. Some streets flood after rainstorms due to Another method of reaching the subway At the present no construction ls underwa,y poor drainage. Installation of storm sewers is to take the Q 44A bus, which runs along because no plan has been approved by the has ended some of these problems in Queens Union Turnpike to the Kew Gardens Station New York Oity Board of Estimate. V1llage, notably in the vicinity of Martin Van of the IND subway. The Transit Authority The Cross Island Expressway is the ma.in Buren High School. says that the buses run every 4 minutes dur- 2776 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1972 ing the morning and afternoon rush hours. greatly reduced. This would make transpor­ but get stoned. No parties, no dances, no During non-rush hours, and on week-ends, tation easier for all residents Olf Queens beaches. This scene is a drag man. I wake up the service 1s much less frequent. Waits Villaige. each morning, go to school, get out at 12:80, rarely exceed thirty minutes even on Satur­ DRUG ABUSE and got the whole day off. Can't get a Job, day and Sunday evenings. According to the statisitics furniShed to us so what's left to do? I'm totally bored. My The subway can also be reached by tak­ by the 105th Police Precinot, there were 62 only escape is smoke. It makes everything a ing the Q 27, which runs along Springfield felony arrests for narcotics in Queens Vil­ little groovier-it's like wearing "crystal spec­ Blvd. in Queens Village to the Flushing Main lage in 1968 as compa·red to 166 in 1969-a tacles." I feel better, more relaxed, not so Street IRT subway station. According to the 166 % increase within one year. Ln 1968 there hung up-like baby, I'm free. I've escaped transit authority, this bus runs every twelve were 213 misdemeanors in comparison to 400 the doldrums of a dead town. It's like I beat minutes during morning and afternoon rush in 1969. There was a 92 % increase in the the systeni." hours. Waits supposedly never exceed forty number of misdemeanors between 1968 and "The world is a bad place to live, and minutes on this line. However, the authors of 1969. Staitistios as to 'ti.he number of drug Queens Village is even worse. There aint this report know from personal experience crimes in 1970-71 were not avaUaible, but we a --- thing to do or a --- place to that waits usually run about one hour dur­ were informed that there was, on,c,e a.ga.in, a split to. As soon as I get my car I'm cutting ing non-rush hour periods. On week-ends, startHng increase. Various policemen in­ out for good. Drugs bring me up-give me a waits can be considerably over one hour. formed us that although, 1,,uperficially Queens boost. They don't really change anything. When taken towards Queens vmage, the Q 27 vmaige appears to be in a staite of decadence, permanently-you got to come down__.,but ends by the Queens Village station of the it is not actually so; in comparison to many for a couple of hours you feel liberated, with Long Island Railroad. o.the,r communities, the drug abuse in Queens no chains. It's a dynamite feeling, man. Express buses which run along Hillside vmage is sman. · You oughta. try it." Ave. (stopping at Springfield Blvd. and other Drugs are very common and very easirly I'm very paranoid. There's too much hap­ places in Queens V111age) into Manhattan obtained in Queens vmiage, In essence, drugs pening too soon. Too much violence and too during the morning rush hours and home are a very visible phenomenon. Local pushers, much trouble here. The world really scares during the evening rush hours are being ·adolescents in their tenns, can be seen every me. On heroin everything is different. I'm up­ used experimentally. The cost of these buses d·ay outside of the local high school, junior tight about the habit but it's worth it. When is one dollar each way. high school and neighborhood hangouts, with I'm stoned on horse the world's hangups The Long Island Railroad can be taken a full .an."ay, which inolud.e pot, pills, and even don't get me uptight. I can leave all my from the Queens Vlllage Station ( Jamaica heroin, ·nervously awa.iting to make their problems behind-nothing really matters. Ave. and Springfield Blvd.) either towards sales, in many instances to support their own When you're high the world's problems seem Manhattan or eastward towards Long Island. habits. To encounter the bourgeois preva­ remote, far away, and vague. You've escaped The cost of using these trains into Manhat­ lence of drugs, one only has to walk by some the reality of a corrupt world. Nothing mat­ tan is considerably higher than that of the local hangouts to witness throngs of adoles­ ters-not war, hate, social injustice-it's all subway. Also, for many residents of Queens cents helplessly laughmg from being high miles and miles away." Village it would be necessary to take a bus on smoke, or "nodding" out f.roni either "My home life really stinks. My old man to the railroad station. downs ('bairblturates) or heroin. cut out years ago and my old lady always hits The pro~mity of Queens Vli11age to Ken­ In doing our research, we contacted Mr. the juice. I have no communication with my nedy International Aii,port is 'both a.n advan­ J. Ponz, Who in 1970, interviewed 202 people brother or sister. Living at home is hell, so tage ·a.nd a disadvantage. It is an advantage from Queens V11lage, ranging in age from I get high. It shields me from those people. because of the accessibiMty of the alirpor·t. It 13 to 22, in reference to the extenit of the What I'm actually doing is escaping-mental­ is ,an disadvantage because residents a.re Olften use of d·rugs in the area. The majority of ly-not physically, for a couple of hours ev­ swbjected to the noises emitted 'by jet pla.nes. those illlterviewed ra.nged between 16 to 18 ery day. If I didn't get high I think I'd real­ The city is cooperating with the Port of New years of age, with the mean at 17.2. Mr. Ponz ly flip out and end up in Creedmore. If I York Authortty and with approprlia.te fed­ stated toot out of the 202 people he had had bread, I'd really escape. I'd cut out for era;I agencies in the search for effective arbitrarily chosen to be interviewed, 144 had good." methods to reduce the d1sturbance. Proposed tried some fonn of drug or drugs, at least "Reality is a bad scene. I'm only twenty e~a..nsions to the aJT;port are being carefU!lly once, for the purpose of getting high or but I feel that I have experienced everything ev,a.iluated bees.use of the IDOise pollution a,nd stoned. The remaining 58 had used drugs positive in life. What is there left to live other ecological l)Tldblems. ( e.g. pills, amphetamines or baribitumte) un­ for? Drugs give me an out. When I'm stoned TaxiOOibs are n:ot easily obta(lnable in der proocriptiOIIl of a doctor. From his data, I feel optimistic-like a release from the mis­ Queens V111age, a.Ithough it is possitble to ca,H we compiled t'he following taible: emotion that plagues us. It may be a false a disp.atching service and have a ca'b sent to feeling of security but it's something to cling youT home. The cost of taxi transportation to. I don't want to sound too spiritual but prohibits mainy people from using them. Number of times taken that's where it's at. Drugs make things a Although bicycling is on the upswing, there 10 to little brighter, a little bU better." aire f·actors limiting it's use for transportaJtion Drug 1 to 3 3 to 10 100 Habitual "Why live-I mean go through all the cruel in Queens ViUage. For one thing, t'he desig­ hassels of life knowing that someday you're niated bicycle paths aire not used much be­ Marihuana, LSD, mesculin, going to die. Why become a slave to the sys­ oause of bToken glass and the possibUity of methadrine, and other tem? To me its seems hopeless. Drugs are crime on these paiths. Cyclists are urged by hallucigenics ______12 31 40 59 my avenue of escape into total liberation and the police n,at to compete with automobile Pills (amphetamines or self-realization. They let me leave the dismal barbituates) ______38 22 20 29 traffic on main thoroughfares. Quite often, Hard drugs e.g., heroin or world of the egomaniacs. They give me tempo­ cyclists are involved in accidents. cocaine ______27 11 21 rary happiness, temporary escape." Others e.g., glue or cough The extension of the subway system to sirup ______"Drugs make me free. They restore my faith Queens Village is impeiraMve to alleviate the 31 44 10 in my fellow man. They are the only road to mass trainstt deflctencies of the area. Mong self-contentment in a world engulfed by ha­ with the exteru;ion of the subway itself, im­ After analyzing what information we had tred and hostility." ~vement in the quality of existing lines obtained, we decided that there are thr~ The person who uses drugs to be "cool" must be made. The sea.-v!ce on the 'bus lines, main reasons· why people take drugs. The is in a. compl·etely different situation from the espeoi:ally the Q 27, must be improved, also. three main categories are as follows: one trying to escape. He 1s not as pessimistic. Avwilaibility Olf e~ress buses should be made 1. The person who is trying to escape. His insecurities and sense of hopelessness is more Wlidespread. The p'l'lice of these buses 2. The person who is trying to be "cool." not as pronounced although he may also be should be loweTed so tha.t they do not exceed 3 .. The person in search of "kicks." peer group statue. Generally people a.re very the price of going to Manhattan by regular Many times all three categories are intei:re­ concerned about being part of the group. buses and subway. This would encourage peo­ lated and it could be difficult to isolate them. This is evident in the following statement: ple to use these buses who are now prohibited What is the person, who uses drugs for "All my fri,ends get stoned and I don't f.rom doing so by the extm cost. an escape trying to escape from? Queens want to be different. If I didn't get stoned Althougih the improvemerut.s being made on Village is a very economical and socially with them they would think something was arterial highways ,are commendable, improve­ stable community. The adolescents in Queens wrong with me ,an they wouldn't accept me. ments should be made on the smaller roads of Village do not _have to fight for their sur­ I'd be excluded from all their scenes. They Queens Village. Rep,aV'ing ls badly needed on vival. Queens V1llage is not dominated by would think I was a freak." many streets and should be done as soon as violence in the form of street-gang warfare, "Everybody, a.J.l my friends, use drugs. Why possible. nor is it in the midst of economic turmoil. shouldn't I? If I didn't they wouldn't ha-ng If the fare on 1ihe Long Island Ra.dl'l'oad It provides the inhabitant with a relatively a.round with me. I'd be labeled a drag. Who could be kept down and the quality of serv­ sta.ble and secure operating mmeu. Then why wants to go out and make a whole new set of ices improved, this would become a more sig­ the emphasis on escape? Listed below are square friends? I like the people I sta.y with nificantly used meains of transportation for reasons, stated by drug abusers in Queens and I want them to like me. They get Queens Vitl,age residents. Village, as to why they take drugs as an wrecked; I get wrecked." It more people would u&e forims of mass escape: "I like the people I bang a.round with. They tr,ansit, congestioo on 1ihe b1ghwa.y,s would be "Man. there's nothing to do around here all think its cool to get high. Why be differ- February 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2777 ent? Why rebel against the cats I grew up copped. some dynamite hash and we'll get it Eligibility: A client can be paroled to the with. I have a groovy time with them. We at Pat's pad?" "Go inside and see if Frank agency and also accepted if a court case is have groovy smoke parties-we all get stoned. has any snort left. I can't go in-Sol ( the pending. He may remain in treatment if It's what's happening, man." owner) hates me." "Yea.h, then we'll go to the using drugs. There is no fee. "I haven't lived around here too long. I'm laundry (an adjoining store) and get off." Staff: Full-time, 2 ex-addicts plus the from Brooklyn. The ca.ts I hang around with Every night seems to follow this same pat­ director. from here all turn on. So I get stoned too. tern-at least the same kids are there saying Services: Clients receive individual and In Brooklyn an my frtends thought I was almost the identical things every time we go group therapy as well as vocational counsel­ hip, ,and I want to make the same llnpresslon to pick up a newspaper. Once we saw the ling. Referrals are made to private doctors around here. Without friends it's a real group kicked out of the laundry store. The and hospitals for medical detoxification. Re­ down-nobody to mp with. I need these owner yelled, "Get out you dirty bums. Take ferrals for urinalysis are also made. people, and I want to be accepted. by these your lousy pot with you or else I'll get the Program: The agency participation in gen­ people so I turn on with them." cops. You should all be in Jail." One guy obvi­ eral community program meetings. "It's cool to use drugs-Just don't abuse ously stoned beca.me very abusive and his Additional comments: The agency sub­ them. All my friends, even the chicks, get friends pulled him away, warning him loudly scribes to the philosophy of "different strokes high, so I do too. If I didn't there'd be noth­ th.at he had better shut up and leave before for different folks." ing to do. Right now I don't want ,anybody they all got inrto trouble. Jewish Community Services of Long Is­ that doesn't at least smoke. So if I didn't Queens Vlllage is not unusual in today's land, 97-45 Queens Blvd., Bego Park, N.Y., turn on what would I do? I'd go crazy." drug oriented society. Queens Village is ev­ Contact Mrs. Mildred Heller. The third category that we drew was people erywhere, everywhere young people live. Identifying Data: Jewish Community Serv­ in search of "kicks". In the fifties, and even America has been struck with a new disease­ ices of Long Island is a private family service very early sixties, youth did things Just for drugs-and Queens Village is only sympto­ agency which began a special experimental "kicks." The only difference between today matic of America's illness. The fifties were out-reach program for the young drug abuser and yesteryear ls that there ls a shif.t in the chairaoterized by drinking-the sixties by in September 1969. It is a multifunction methods of getting "kicks". Drinking, "hot­ drugs. What about the seventies? No one can agency offering a wide range of services to rods" and street-fighting are out. Today there be sure. Suicide? Maybe. The rate has been families and children incl udlng marital is some,thing new--drugs. Drugs are not really steadily rising. In the meantime something counseling, psychiatric and psychological a new phenomenon. Beatniks, back in the must be done regarding our drug crisis-­ consultation and homemaker service. The fifties, were smoking pot, and Black people, something positive. Legislation is not the real agency is funded by the Federation of Jewish in Harlem, were overdosing from heroin in answer since it does not strike at the root Philanthropies. the twenties. Then why has mass media sud­ of the p,roblem. The problem is not and has Eligibility: The agency services all of denly switched its attention to the drug never been political. Its roots go deep be­ Queens, Nassau and Suffolk Counties with scene, to the point where at least two major neath our political institutions. America is special concentration by the Drug Abuse periodi<;als have given front page coverage to drowning in a sea of alienation. North and Projects in Northern Queens. Heroin ad­ drug users? The answer ls that drugs, once South, Whites a.nd Blacks, youth and their dicts referred elsewhere. Indigenous work­ thought as oniy a lower class entity has pene­ parents are all alienated from each other. ers make initial contact with troubled t ra·ted into the middle and upper clas.5es. Before we can solve any of our drug prob­ youngsters on the street and set up appoint­ American youth, regardless of their nation­ lezns we must put an end to this situation. ments between adolescents and caseworkers ality has found a new kick. American youth We must work to make America the America in the project. Although parents are not is turning on in unbelievable proportions. we read about, learned about in school texts, seen initially, early involvement of parents Why ls this kick so popular--so fashionable? and was taught to protect. America must earn in treatment process is a goal. Some people responded in the following man­ our respect. This is obviously a long range The agency continues to accept other re­ ner: goal. The many addicts alive today need help ferrals through its regular intake. Clients "Drugs are whait's happening. Everything now. A program of rehabilitation that will who have a court case pending are accepted becomes grooVier when you're stoned.· Your truly serve the needs of our community must by the agency but not paroled to the agency. senses are awakened, like you're really alive. begin functioning. A fee based on eligibility to pay is charged. Everything is just beautiful when you are Rehabilitation facilities Attendance is voluntary. Non-Jewish clients high." Interfaith Hospital, 175-10 88th Ave., accepted. "I use to dr,ink but that was a bad scene. Staff: full-time, 3 social workers, 2 case I'd become all uncoordina..ted. I'd get sick and Jamaica, N.Y.; Executive Director: Thomas W. Maltthews, M.D.; Chief of Professional aides; part-time, 2 psychiatrists, 1 psychol­ in the morning-forget it. Pot ls much dlffer­ ogist. ent--no sick feeling or hangover-nothing­ Services: Benjamin Primm, M.D. Identifying Data: Interfaith Hospital has Service: Individual and family therapy. just a good head." Program: The agency offers parent edu­ "When I'm on acid or mesc' I can see things both an in-patient and an out-patient de­ partment which service drug addicts. cation workshops and special programs of more clearly. I can rea.lly lntrospect--get into family life education. Speakers and workshop my head. It's like a learning experience, ex­ Eligibility: Any drug addlot is eligible. Service: Medical service is offered in the leaders are available. cept it's a positive one. No teachers, no Samaritan Halfway Society, 130-16 89th books-just reality. I really feel fantastic form of detoxification and methadone main­ tenance. Hospitalization is arranged. Indi­ Road, Richmond Hill N.Y., Director: Mr. when I'm stoned." Richard Balbi. "When you're stoned on acid the whole vidual and group therapy as well as a thera­ world looks beautiful. You feel super-groovy. peutic community are provided. Religious, Identifying data: Samaritan Halfway So­ There's nothing that can compare with it." family and vocational counseling ls given. ciety is a private, non-sectarian facllity With "When I'm spaced I feel aUve. Every,thing In addition, temporary food and shelter is an in-patient capacity of 160 and out-patient is nice, I feel very happy. I'm not a paranoid provided. capacity of 80. The facllity was opened in person or depressed regularly, so you can Staff: 1 psychiatrist, 2 psychologists, 24 ex­ 1966 and is accredited by NACO, ASA, and the imagine how happy I feel when I'm spaced." addicts, 15 social workers, 14 physicians, 32 Queens Medical Society. The strangest answer received was that of nurses, 1 teacher, 6 clergy, 251 volunteers. Eligibility: No age or sex limitations. Tele­ a seventeen year old girl, "The answer my There are also staff members engaged in arts, phone calls for interviews are preferred, but friend is blowing in the wind." She wouldn't crafts, music and recreation. walk-in appointments are accepted. Clients explain this statement any further; I can Program: There ls a preventive program as may be paroled to the agency, and are ac­ only guess that she meant that not even she well as a youth program in operation. cepted with a court case pending. Clients knew why she took drugs. Statement by Director: (not verbatim): must detoxify first, and cannot remain in Most of us who live in the Queens V'illage Dr. Matthews disclosed that the drug detoxi­ treatment if using drugs. There is a waiting area noticed that a orowd of about fifteen fication program at Interfaith Hospital is period of two weeks, and no fee is charged. kids from fifteen to nineteen years old hang quite effective. His estimates indica.ted suc­ Staff: full-time: 2 clergy acting as admin­ around the loca.l candy store every night. The cess with percentages ranging from 80 to 85 istrators, 10 ex-addicts, 1 physician, 1 nurse; owner, in a conversation abourt them, identi­ of the addicts who require treatment. He part-time: 5 social workers, 1 psychiatrist, 2 fied them as mostly school dropouts. It is ob­ bases the success to the complete drug edu­ psychologists, 1 vocational counselor, 4 vious to anyone passing by that they use cation program given to addicts. Besides teachers, 1 nurse. drugs. Pot and pUls rure freely passed around. using standard methadone treatment (to Service: individual, group, family, recrea­ At times, one or another of the gang be­ physically kick the habit), individual and tional and occupational therapy as well as comes particularly noisy or thr<>Ws up. We group therapy are introduced. Ex-acfdicts therapeutic community are provided. Voca­ were told that a few of them "snort" heroin­ themselves advise incoming patients. tional and employment counseling are also and listening to their conversations con­ Community and Narcotic Action Center, offered and urinalysis, medical and psychi­ firmed this. 602 Bergen Ave., Queens, N.Y., Director: Mrs. atric examinations are given. Remedial tutor­ While standing in the store we caught Elsie Brown. ing is provided, and field visits made. snatches of conversation. No attempt was evi­ Identifying Data: The Community and Program: Speakers and films upon request. dent to whisper or hide whalt was happen­ Narcotic Action Center is a private non-sec­ We interviewed rehabilitated people at ing. A sample follows: tarian facility located in a storefront. At­ various centers. We always asked the same "Hey man, you got a cigarette?" "Naw I tendance is voluntary. The agency is ac­ basic questions before getting into a deep smoked my last one. Did you hear that Jerry credited and funded by ASA. conversation with them. Below, are the ques- 2778 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1972 tions we asked. The responses to them were turn to the environment that had helped Size of community extremely similar; the answers listed be­ lead him to drugs. Mrs. Zaro stated. "Unless low were typical of approximately 76 % of the child can return to· a home that offers Census Tracts New York, N.Y. 1960. Ourrenrt; Population Reports Special Cen­ the people. him love and security, a school in which he 1. How long have you been hooked on is willing to function, a Job when he needs suses, Special Census of New York City, April drugs? This varied from six months to three one, the program is doomed." In addition, 1, 1967; Plan for New York City, 1968. years. some parents feared the influence of "drug Queens Community Population Character, 2. Why did you first try drugs? "Well, at addicts" in the neighborhood. The proposal Neighborhood Social Resources, 1960. first I was kinda pushed into it by my friends. was defeated. The United. States Census, 1969. Ya' know they'd come over and talk me into Jack Perna, the drug counselor in a Bronx Occupations trying some of their cheap stuff and after school, informed us that there is a new Better Business Bureau. a while, I just got to like the stuff. I mean approach to rehabil1tation. In the past, most Borough PresidenJt's Office (Agnes Hayes). there's nothdng to do around this place any­ agencies felt that an informational ap­ Bureau of the Census. way." proach, warning of the dangers of drug ad­ Bureau of Labor Statistics. 3. What if there were community activi­ diction was the best method of discouraging Bureau of Vital Statistics. ties? "Yea, man! Are you kidding! It's Just the would-be-explorer. Slides indicating Census of 1960. boredom around here." graphing how heroin is prepared and in­ Community council of Greater New York. 4. Why did you take drugs after knowing jected. were supposed to horrify the on­ Human Resources Administration-New all the dangers involved? "Well, look-you lookers. Studies indicated they merely in­ York City. take booze--it's Just as bad. Now I don't formed those who wanted to take drugs of Labor Market Analysis Association. g1 ve a damn what you tell me--you get high the possible methods of preparation. The Lutheran Study. on booze just as easily as on drugs. Besides latest theory requires that there be a Queens Cham.ber of Commerce. if you know what you are doing you won't change--that an approach to change one's Queens Village Chamber of Commerce. get hurt." attitude towards himself, his family, his State Department of Labor (Public Rela- 5. Would you recommend drugs to your goals, and towards drugs was necessary. This tions). friends, now that you've tried it? This an­ is the approach to be developed in District 8. Troy, Matthew, City Councilman. swer varied. Two of the most typical re­ Perhaps District 26 will be working · towards United States Department of Commerce sponses are as follows: "Yea, Just as long these same goals. Whether or not they will Ll.ibra.ry. as you stay clear of the hard stuff. It's a good be successful remains to be seen. Only time Community organization and government experience." "No way man! I made a mis­ will tell! take. I can tell you what Hell is and how to BmLIOGRAPHY Queens Village Chamber of Commerce, Mrs. get there--use drugs-it's a one way ticket Irene Handler, Station Plaza. there." History Queens Boa.rd of Elections, 77-40 Vleigh Whether the people of this community Pamphlet on the history of Queens com­ Place. know it or not, they are all involved in the munities from the New York City Library­ Voter Registration Roles--June, 1971. drug problem. No longer c~n any of us Queen Village Branch. Maps of Election Districts-1970 (not re­ escape. The problem lies before us, and we Various newspaper articles of the New produced). must resolve it. Unfortunately for us, there York Times, Long Island Press, Queens A Plan for Neighborhood Government for is no simple solution. County Times taken from the "Clipping" New York City-June, 1971. The rest of the oroblem does not seem to files of the Jamaica Public Library. New York Tlmes--November 4, 1971, Au­ lie in the emotional state of tb.e user. We "Clipping fl.le" of the Queen Village Cen­ gust 21, 1971, August 17, 1971, July 27, 1971, have observed that many of the drug users tennial at the Martin Van Buren High School July 7, 1971. dQ not have conflicts that must be resolved. Library. Voters' Directory (Published by Citizens' It seems in this community that simple bore­ Various pamphlets-Alley Pond Restora­ Union)-1970. dom is a catalyst for use. Community rec­ tion Committee, Queens Historical Society. 101 Tables and Charts (New York City reation centers would be a great help. One People Council on Economic Education). student from Martin Van Buren High School Queens Communities-Population Char­ Bureau of Community Statistical Services. indicated. that when the night center was Research Department, Community Council of acteristics and Neighborhood Social Re­ active, he and his friends stayed off their , Greater New York, June 16, 1962. Table l, sources-Volume II-Compiled by the Com­ nightly drug habit. But this year, according la, 2, 2a, 3, Sa, 4. munity Council of Greater New York. to him, the night center is bad. Census Tracts. New York City Volume. Queens Village Public Library. Fear is another cause of the problem. Peo­ Table Pl and Table P2 Tract 1301, 1960. Health ple are simply afraid of getJting involved, re­ porting incidents, etc. A specific example of City Plan of New York--Queens Volume. Bleifeld, Maurice-Principal of Martin Van this is the local candystore. This store is a ma­ District of Glen Oaks, Bellerose, Floral Park, Buren High School. Interviewed; referred to jor hangout for drug pushers. When we asked Queens Village, Bela.ire, Cambria Heights, Mrs. E. Purnell. the owner of the store why he has done Laurelton, Rosedale and Springfield Gardens. Buree.u of Records and Statistics, Miss nothing for the situation, he replied, "How New York Market Analysis-Population Stephens-658-6600, Unable to be reached can the police do anything-they'll be back and Housing. Prepared by New York Mirror, at that number. again to attack me!" People must realize New York Times, New York News, General Bureau of Sanitatlon-566-2717, referred that they themselves a.ire the only ones that Outdoor. Queens--Queens V111age. to several sources; finally connected to some­ can rid the community of pushers. No information available or dispensed at: one who had very little information to pro­ But, in spite of all this there is still hope 105th Police Precinct, Creedmore State Hos­ vide. for the community. On January 25 of next pital, Cultural Organization on the Arts. Department of Mental Health, sent pam­ year the Parent Association of Martin Van Queens Lutheran Study-Profile of Com­ phlets concerned with the problem of men­ Buren High School will give a program de­ munity R. Lutheran Church of America, tal health. signed to discuss problems of our commu­ 1966 publication, three volumes. Depe.rtment of Water Supply-566-4077, nity. Of course we will be pre51ent. This pro­ Sources of Information: called the main office in Manhattan and wa.s gram wUI concentrate specifically on the Queens Village Centennial 1871-1971. finally connected to someone who handled drug scene in Martin Van Buren. Hopefully, Queens Village Green Book 1969-1970. this matter in Queens. programs such as ,these will continue Queens Village Yellow Pages 1971-1972. Food and Nutrition Council of Greater New throughout the year as to increase parental Church Planning for Ministry and Mission York-PL97200, no information provided. knowledge of the drug scene in this com­ to Queens. Index of Health Agencies 1960 Kaplan, munity. Queens Telephone Directory 1971-1972. Samuel and Tauler Gilbert. City Planning Commission Guide 1970- One of the problems that face us here today New York City Handbook. 1971. Plan for New York City-Queens 1969, is the lack of knowledge of specific "tried Special expression of Appreciation to: and tn1e" methods of preventing youngsters District 13 secticin. from falling prey to the drug habit, and of Mrs. Irene Handler--Chamber of Commerce; Pitchon, Mrs. Home Economics teacher in rehabil1tating those who · are already ad­ Mr. George Schylinski-Kiwanis Club (Im­ Martin Van Buren Hlgh School, interviewed. mediate past President); Mr. Thomas Vallely Purnell, Mrs. Edith--Chiairma.n of the dicted. Recently, a meeting was held to dis­ -Lions Club; Mr. John Errett--Rota.ry In­ Home Economics Department in Martin Van cuss the possibility of opening a center at ternational Club; Rev. David Schult--House Buren High school, interviewed. Creedmore. Those in favor of the project of Hope Church. Purnell, Mr. Morris-Teacher of Health hoped that children and young adults could Physical Setting Careers course in Martin Van Buren High receive methadone. The Parents Association School, interviewed. of Van Buren became involved. The Presi­ Park Department. Social services in New York City 1969-1970. dent, Mrs. Helene Zaro, told us that the Mr. Steven Robinson. Vital Statistics by Health Areas, 1965. executive board had had ambivalent feelings Mr. Noah Rosenhouse. and could not agree. Many of these parents Queens Village Chamber of Commerce. Recreation and culture stated that they did not approve of the Borough Presidenit's Office. Books: Comparative Recreation Needs and center. While they wanted to help the ad­ LUJtheran Study of Queens, Book 3. Services in New York Neighborhoods by Shir­ dicted youngster, they felt that the center Plan for New York City, Queens, 1969. ley Jenkins of the Research Dept. of the could not succeed if he were forced to re- Queens Community Times. Community Council of Greater New York February 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2779 (163); Plan for New York City: Queens; Plan the strongest voice of our day on behalf piece not only discusses the problems for New York City: Major Problems. of our senior citizens. experienced by Jews residing in Arab Interviews: Mrs. Irene Handler, secretary This is not in any way to reflect on or countries but also describes the difficul­ for the Queens Village Chamber of Com­ merce; Mr. Sidney G. Elstein, head of evening minimize the diligent work of many, ties Jewish refugees from these Arab community center and Adult Education Cen­ many others in this field. Indeed, I be­ States ·have encountered in adjusting tQ ter at Van Buren; Mr. Bleifeld, principal of lieve that all will agree with me that life in Israel and in fully enjoying the Van Buren; Mrs. Schwartz, Librarian at Van Aime Forand was the leader and inspira­ rights of Israeli citizenship. Buren Library; Personnel at Century Thea­ tion for Federal action to assist our I am pleased to present this article ter Home Office. senior citizens. herewith, for inclusion in the RECORD, and Housing My first term in the Congress was Aime commend it to our colleagues' attention. Queens Village Chamber of Commerce. Forand's l•ast term. In those 2 years I THE JEWISH REFUGEES FROM THE ARAB Borough President Office. came to know him well and respect his COUNTRIES Queens Borough Library Ma.in Branch Long ability as a legislator and distinguished Island Room: Queens Village Folder, The ( By Heskel M. Haddad "') Plan of New York Oity-Queens, The 1960 public servant. November 29, 1947, when the United Na­ New York City Census, Church planning for In the years that followed, I found tions voted overwhelmingly for the establish­ Ministry and Mission Council of Churches of Aime Forand working harder than ever ment of a Jewish and an Arab state in Pal­ New York City, Lutheran Study of Queens in behalf of the cause he felt needed ur­ estine, opened a fatefUl chapter in Middle Book III N.Y. Synod of Lutheran Church in gent attention. I was and am in com­ East history. The Arab world rejected the America. plete sympathy with his views. resolution outright, a bloody war ensued and City Planning Board-Long Island City. He organized the National Council of approximately two mlllion people, both Arabs and Jews, were caught up in a grerut human Welfare Senior Citizens and mustered tremen­ tragedy. It involved not only those people Jamaica Social Services Cenrter, 92-16 147 dous public support for legislative action. living in the vicinity of British Mandatory Place, Jamaica, N.Y. 11435 9905798. When President Johnson signed the Palestine, but, as it affected the Jews, those Queensboro Council for Social Welfare, Inc. medicare bill in 1965, Aime Forand was living in the vast expanses of the whole Arab 90-04 161 Street, Jama.loo, N.Y. 2972121. on hand and was singled out by the Pres­ world, from the borders Of Persia and the Queens Village Task Force, 657 4586, 699 ident for his persistent efforts over the Persian Gulf to the shores of the Atlantic 7100. years. Ocean of Africa, where a million Jews had Municipal reference and Research Center, I appreciate the opportunity to join lived for some 2,000 years. The refugee prob­ Municipal building, N.Y. 566 4288. lem has continued to plague the region for Office of Community Relations, 488-8880. my colleague from Rhode Island (Mr. two decades, with periods of ups and downs, Commissioners Office, 349-6775. ST GERMAIN) in paying tribute to Aime depending on two major factors: the fluctua­ Communi.ty Council of Greater New York, Forand. I extend my deepest sympathy tions in the degree of host111ty between Israel 225 P,ark Ave. So., N.Y., N.Y. 777-5000. to the members of the Forand family in and its Arab neighbors, and the revolution­ 1960 Census; City Plan. their great loss. ary pa;tterns of the Arab countries in which Interview these Jews live. Mrs. Shapiro, Mrs. Kostron, Mrs. Anker, Before 1948, there were 951,000 Jews living Martin Van Buren High school. in Arab lands. In 1970, there were about THE PLIGHT OF JEWS IN ARAB 57,000, the majority having fled as refugees Transportation NATIONS to Israel between 1948 and 1951. During the New York City Transit Authority Bus Arab-Israel war of 1948, 650,000 Arabs fled Schedule and Guide for the following routes: from their homes in the war zone and be­ Q44A, Q43, Q27, Q36, Ql. HON. HERMAN BADILLO came the Palestinlan Arab refugees. The Plan for New York City-Queens District 13. OF NEW YORK plight of the Arab refugees has been a sad WCBS radio traffic reports. one for the past twenty-three years, because Call to Precinct 107 of the New York City IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the neighboring Arab countries have gen­ Police Department-to find out about traffic Thursday, February 3, 1972 erally refused to absorb these unfortunate problems. people in their midst, and have forced the General observation of construction being Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, in the 25 majority to live in makeshift refugee camps done and personal knowledge of bus routes. years since the United Nations voted for which were only intended as temporary. They Drug Abuse the partition of Jerusalem, much atten­ have been used by the Arab states as a polit­ tion has been focused on the problems ical weapon against Israel. On the one hand, In addition to the people and organizations their human tragedy has been stressed, while interviewed, listed in this report, the follow­ experienced by the Palestinian refugees. on the othecr, they are hostages.1 ing books were of assls·tance: Chauncey, Hal Yet, the world has almost virtually The Jewish refugees, uprooted from their and Kirkpatrick, Laurence, Drugs and You, ignored the plight of the almost 1 mil­ N.Y.: Oxford Book Co., 1969. homes in the various Arab countries, had no lion Jews who resided in Arab countries alternative but to immigrate to Israel, where Nowlis, Helen. "Why Students Use Drugs", before 1948-a number which has now they too faced the hardships of living in American Journal of Nursing, Vol. 68, No. 8, August 1968. dwindled to 57,000. camps and tents, of ma.king a cultural adjust­ ment to a society which was largely European "Heroin in the High Schools, Life, Feb. 29, Only during the aftermath of the 6- 1970, Vol. 68, No. 6. day war and at the time of the barbaric and Western, and of being refugees--hard­ ships only a refugee can appreciate and un­ "Someone close to you ls on Drugs", City acts of the Iraqi Government in killing a of N.Y. Human Resources Administration, number of Jewish citizens a few years derstand. Yet, despite all the difficulties and N.Y. 1969. the trauma of extreme change, these immi­ later did most of the world realize that grants were quite speedily rehabllitated in "Turning On: Two Views", Time, Vol. 94, there are Jews still residing in a number the newly created, war-torn State of Israel. No. 13, Sept. 26, 1969, pp. 72. of Arab nations. In some countries the They were immediately granted ciJtlzenship We also used pamphlets distributed by the Jews have faced bitter persecution and, and every effort was made to teach them organizations listed on pages nine through eventually, expulsion. In other Arab Hebrew and to make them useful citizens. eleven, the Chamber of Commerce, the New lands they still remain, even though they They lived in ma'abarot (tent cities) for an York Police Department, the U.S. Depart­ are denied basic civil liberties and are average of 4-6 years but then were able to ment of Health, Education, and Welfar~ and move into permanent homes, as these were t he Board of Education. victims of harassment and intimidation constructed, although theu- social and eco­ and of political, economic, social, and nomic conditions still remain inadequate 1n cultural oppression. housing, skllls and education as compared A most interesting and well-written ar­ with Israelis of European background (Israel THE LATE AIME J. FORAND ticle about the status of Jewish refugees is still paying ,the price of the mass immigra­ from Arab countries appeared in the No­ tion of impoverished, under-privileged Jews vember 1971 issue of the "Middle East from Arab countries). HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI Information Series," a publication of the *Dr. Haddad is Clinical Professor or Oph­ OF NEW YORK American Academic Association for thalmology at the New York Medical College IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Peace in the Middle East. Written by Dr. and President of the American Committee Heskel M. Haddad, president of the Wednesday, February 2, 1972 for Rescue and Resettlement of Iraqi Jews. American Committee for Rescue and Re­ 1 They are "hostages" in the sense that they Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, the passing settlement of Iraqi Jews and clinical pro­ have generally not been permitted to leave of my good friend and former colleague fessor of opthalmology at the New York their camps to live ainong the urban popula­ in the House, Aime J. Forand, has stilled Medical College, this very perceptive tion of their host Arab countries. 2780 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 4, 1972 To be a refugee is to have to endure all the of Egypt to assume refugee status and to According to press reports of the 3-day traumatic processes, from flight to rehabilita­ leave Egypt. Congress of self-managers held in May tion. It is an unhappy fact that the Arabs who The 3,000 Jews in Lebanon and the 10,000 1971 at Sarajevo and attended by some fled Palestine a.s refugees were not given the Jews in Tunisia today live in relative free­ same opportunity of rehabilitation by their dom, though with the status of second class 2,300 delegates from factories, firms, and compatriots as the Jewish refugees received citizenship, and still fearful of reprisals institutions, Tito vigorously supported in Israel. It is impossible to equate the suffer­ whenever incidents occur between Israel and the concept of decentralization of gov­ ing of one refugee with that of another on a the Arab states. The condition of the 36,000 ernment and sought to stem the open balance sheet, and thus, one can never have a Jews of Morocco is a very sad one. Seques­ criticism among the country's ethnic balanced reciprocal reparation. Yet it would tered in a highly populated and impoverished groups, particularly the most numerous be only appropriate to seek a just solution to ghetto, they have been reduced to extreme groups, Serbs and Croats. this tragic problem. The Jewish refugees from poverty and are not allowed to leave Morocco Arab lands suffered as severe a trauma in the freely. And this despite the pro-Western pol­ President Tito even threatened a purge process of being displaced from their homes, icies of King Hassan II. of Communist party members and bu­ environment and cultural habitat, of arriv­ There are no Jews in Libya or Yemen and reaucrats opposing constitutional ing in a Western-oriented and war-torn coun­ virtually none are left in Algeria. All of the changes designed to limit the power of try, of being compelled to live in tents and Jews of these countries were forced out, im­ the central government and strengthen huts in Israel a.s did the Arab refugees in their migrating mainly to Israel and also to France the authority of the 6 national republics. camps in the Arab states. and Italy between 1948 and 1960. In a special report from Zagreb, Yugo­ When the Arab countries, particularly Iraq, But these 850,000 Jewish refugees left be­ Syria, and Egypt and to some extent Lebanon, hind them considerable wealth in assets, be­ slavia, appearing in the Washington Algeria and Morocco decided to expel their longings, and property. Even if each indi­ Evening Star of February 2, 1972, we Jewish populations, they announced publicly vidual had been allowed to take out a. mere learn that a massive purge of Yugoslav that they would like to create new homes for $1,000, a reparation sum of $8.5 million would Communists-initiated by Tito's attack the Palestinian Arab refugees out of the still be due to them. In Baghdad alone, in on the leadership of Croatia, Yugoslavia's dwellings vacated by the Jews. To some ex­ 1951, the pro-Western government of Nuri second largest state--has been underway tent they have done so, as can be seen by Al Said, confiscated £36 million held in cash since mid-December. anyone visiting the former Jewish quarters of by the banks ($140 million), in addition to Damascus ar_d Baghdad. In a sense, therefore, vast amounts of other assets and property Tito's denunciation of the Croatian na­ the Arab governments did practice some sort left behind in Iraq by the 160,000 Iraqi Jews. tionalists apparently was motivated by of population exchange with Israel when they Assets, belongings, and other property of a the opposition of the Croatian leaders to expelled their Jews. Yet, they kept the vast similar amount have been confiscated in the "power of centralist and authoritar­ maj'ority of the Arab refugees from Palestine Syria, Egypt, Algeria, Yemen, Morocco and ian party bureaucracies and financial in ·camps, and refused to rehabilitate them, most recently, in Libya. monopolies in Belgrade.'' Belgrade is the merely dinning into their ears the theory that EDITOR'S NOTE.-The Association of Jew­ capital of Serbia as well as the Federal the only solution to their problem is repatria­ ish Victims of Egyptian Persecution, com­ capital. tion to their lost homes in Palestine. posed of refugees who had been imprisoned The 67,100 Jews who still live in the Arab in Egypt during the wars of 1948, 1956 and It is obvious from this latest develop­ states are badly treated by the host govern­ 1967, said in Tel Aviv on August 13, 1971 that ment in Croatia that decentralization ments, who, since 1948, have been intro­ it was claiming $1,000 million compensation and democratization which would reform ducing progressively restrictive laws against for confiscated property. A convention of the the government by restoring power to them. Like the Arab refugees, they too are refugees, meeting in Paris on July 23, recom­ people at the local level are incompatible being used a.s virtual hostages both for the mended that legal steps be instituted for re­ with the whims of a dictator. Decentral­ purpose of political bargaining with Israel covery of $600 million in personal compen­ and as scapegoa.ts for the benefit of the mili­ sation, $300 million for Jewish community ization to a dictator is acceptable only if tary demagogic and dictatorial regimes property, and $200 million for confiscated ultimate power resides with the dictator which exist in many of these states. worst religious articles. The association also de­ and not with the people. Hence, the off are the 2,600 Jews in Iraq and the 4,000 manded that Egypt pay a minimum of $10,- purge. The shadow of Mikhailovich Jews in Syria. The regime in these two states 000 to families who were forced to leave their looms again. is ultra na.tl.onaJist, Ba'aithist, strongly homes and additional damages for those who A very significant question is raised Arabist in sentime1D.t, and h1~ly repressive were held in detention. in action. The human rights and clV'il llber­ in the report: ties of the Jews in both these countries have JEWS IN ARAB COUNTRIES Is it true, as the official line now main­ been completely suspended.. The Jews of Iraq tains, that the situation in Croatia, has be­ and Syria live under virtual house a.rrest. Number come so threatening to the unity of the coun­ They cannot travel. They are debarred from of immi­ try, to peace among its nationalities (Presi­ grants communicaJting with one another and with 1948 1970 in Israel Year dent Tito and others have spoken of the their Arab neighboffl. They are proh11blted risk of a Serb-Croat civil war), or to Titoist from working in their professions in order socialism that drastic action was unavoidable. Algeria ______140, 000 11, 500 110, 000 1960 to earn a livelihood. They cannot own a ca.r Egypt______100, 000 1500 90, 000 1948- 56 The answer to the question, according or have a telephone. They can be deta.in.ed Iraq __ ------150, 000 2, 500 125, 000 1947- 51 Lebanon______6, 000 3, 000 1, 000 1948 to the writer of the news account, is re­ without wa.rning or reason. For them, the Libya ______35, 000 rights of habeas corpus a.re completely sus­ 1100 33, 000 1950 grettably yes as based on a view "more Morocco ______.___ 300, 000 135, 000 250, 000 1949 pended. Some of them were jailed and pub­ Syria ______40, 000 4, 000 35, 000 1948 widespread in Zagreb than many Serbs licly hanged following sham trials. Some Tunisia ______100, 000 10, 000 75, 000 1950 are prepared to believe.'' were tortured and secretly executed in prison Yemen (and Aden)___ 80, 000 I 500 75, 000 1948 951, 000 57, 100 It appears that the decentralization of as "Israeli spies" or "CIA Agents." Their 794, 000 ------power which Tito ostensibly supported property and assets have been frozen; they cannot sell their belooigings for cash and I Or less. to appease nationalist groups has gotten even those who still have money in the bank Note: There are no Jews in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, or out of hand. Tito has created a crisis for cannot draw more than a severely restricted the emirates or sheikdoms of the Arabian Peninsula. himself. His subjects believed him. amount ea.ch month--a sum barely sufficient While the purgists have been proceed­ to keep them alive. The Jews of Iraq and ing in Yugoslavia, it is noteworthy that Syria have virtually become pa.upe1'8 and in December this body adopted S. 2819, beggars. RESTORING POWER TO THE PEOPLE IN YUGOSLAVIA the Foreign Assistance Act of 1971 The lot of the Jews \n Egypt has not been which not only makes additional U.S. tax any better, and in fa.ct deteriorated after the June, 1967 war. dollars available to Tito to continue his Egyptian Jews were forced ourt of that HON. JOHN R. RARICK financial monopolies but the bill pro­ oountry as refugees in two waves. The first OF LOUISIANA vides: ca.me soon after the wa.r of 1948 and the-sec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION ond ca.me a!ter the Sinai Campaign of 1966. Thursday, February 3, 1972 SEC. 104. Title IV of chapter 2 of part I After the war of 1967, the small remnant of of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, relat­ the Jewish community still living in Egypt Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, on May 10, ing to the Overseas Private Investment Cor­ was placed under virtual house arrest. All the 1971-CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume poration, is amended as follows: men were detained in jails. However, the 117, part 11, page 14276-I pointed out late President Nasser did concede to the ef­ • fort.a of the United .Nations High Commis­ that General Tito, self-proclaimed "hu­ (g) Except for the provisions of this title, sioner of Refugees, Prince Sadrudin Agha manistic Marxist" dictator of Yugo­ no other provision of this or any other law Khan, and to the 1nterventi001 of the Spanish slavia, faced serious opposition from his shall be construed to prohibit the operation Government, and allowed almost all the Jews people and a possible counterrevolution. in Yugoslavia * * * February 4, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2781 The above provision gives discretion army (said. to have threatened a coup if he on mass popularity inside Croatia--a pop­ to the President of the United States to did not move), the Russians, the West or ularity based on nationalism. anyone else. The process was exaggerated further by guarantee Tito's financial monopolies Vladimir Bakaric, the astute 00-year-old splits within the Croatian leadership. with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Zagreb politician who was the undisputed Bik>aric and some members of the progres­ taxpayers by the OPIC. boss of Croatia from the end of the war sive new leadership, such as Josip Vrhovec This week the House passed H.R. 8750 until he was summoned to Belgrade in 1969, and Jure Bilic, argued that the opening to to increase the participation of the oategorically told two West European jour­ the masses was proving an opening to chau­ United States in the Interdevelopment nalists in December that such rumors, and vinism and separatism. They were accused Association, a branch of the World Bank especially those alleging army prezsure, were of pro-Serbian "unitar.ism" and anti-demo­ in which operation Tito will also be per­ false and "n. lie spread by Croatian national­ cratic conservatism. ists." In fighting this internal Croatian battle, it mitted to obtain development funds­ CHALLENGE TO PROCESS is now said, the leaders whose platform had thanks to the U.S. taxpayers. Tito aicted, Bakaric contended, when he be­ been liberal nationalist communism bece.rne Pertinent news clippings follow: came convinced that nationalist forces in more nationalist and less liberrial, using every [From the Washington Star, Feb. 2, 1972] Croatia were attempting to turn to their means to eliminate their "unitarist" oppo­ PURGE OF CROATIANS CREATES CRISIS FOR own political purposes the process, which nents from political life and creating an at­ TITO Tito himself had begun, of building genuine mosphere now described. by many in the national equality among Yugoslavia's Croatian party as "intellectual terror." (By Dennison I. Rusinow) jealously competing ethnic groups. It was this situation, in which it seemed ZAGREB, YUGOSLAVIA.-A massive purge o'f Croatia.n politicians who opposed the na­ to men in power everywhere except in Zagreb Yugoslav Communists continues to decimate tionalist course of the now ousted leadel"s that the Croatian nationalist tail was wag­ the higher ranks of the Croatian League of were about to act on their own when Tito ging the Crotian Communist dog and moving Communists in what is the most serious moved, Bakaric said in another interview. in the direction of separ,ati-sm or facism, that domestic political crisis the Titoist regime Bakarlc, who was the leader of this pro­ led to the crisis. has faced since 1948. Yugoslav or "unitarist" opposition within WELL-ORGANIZED STRIKE The purge, which got its impetus last Croatia, wa.s threatened with political extinc­ month when President Tito denounced the tion on the eve of the purge. The crisis was precipitated when students leadership of Croatia, Yugoslavia's second Revel,ations in recent weeks about such at Zagreb University, under partly non-Com­ largest state, for pandering to nationalists pre-purge in:figlhting at the top of the Croa­ munist and strongly pro-nationalist leader­ and separatists and for "rotten liberalism" tian party have exposed a far more complex ship, went on a well-organized strike at the in the face of a "counter-revolution," has political situation than most interpretations, end of November and then refused to listen been variously interpreted as: in Yugoslavia or abroad, have recognized. to the pleas of the belatedly alarmed party An action necessary to preserve the unity While roles and motives involved in the leadership that they go back to class. of Yugoslavia and avoid the risk of civil war drama of the past weeks remain obscure, The student revolt against party leaders or an excuse 'for foreign (Soviet) interven­ the picture of what was happening before who had claimed that nationalism was not tion. the purge is beooming clea.r. dangerous and could be harnessed persuaded Tito that the party in Croatia had lost con­ A coup, perhaps under army pressure, to YOUNGER LEADERS restore Serbian domination over an eter­ trol of the situation and that those who were nally hapless and exploited Croatian nation. A group of younger, "progressiv~" Com­ responsible must go. A move by "conservative" Belgrade Com­ munist leaders came to power in Croatia in But as the charges of "separatism" and munists to stop a Prague-like "liberaliza­ the late 1960s, as Bakarlc's proteges, on a "counterrevolution" grew and the purge con­ tion" in Croatia. platform of decentralization, democratiza­ tinued, Yugoslavs here in the Croatian capi­ The only way to stop development of a tion and economic liberalism. tal as well as in Belgrade have begun asking quasi-Fascist Croatian dictatorship b'ased on Suoh a platform was seen and welcomed three basic questions: a marriage of extreme nationalism and cor­ a.s consistent with Croatia's long-term aspi­ 1. Is it true, as the official line now main­ rupted socialism. rations for a fairer deal in a Yugoslav federa­ tains, that the situation in Croatia had be­ Since the mid-December resignations of the tion in which Croats had, with some justice, come so threatening to the unity of the triumvirate who had run the Croatian party felt exploited and oppressed oy a centralized country, to peace among its nationalities since 1968, at least 300 resignations or dis­ system in which their more numerous but (President Tito and others have spoken of missals of party or government officials at all poorer ethnic rivals, the Serbs, enjoyed pre­ the risk of a Serb-Crowt civil war), or to levels have been recorded in the press. The ponderant influence. Titoist socialism that dra.stic action was un­ total list undoubtedly is much larger. In office and in alliance with like-minded avoidable? Popular former Croatian leaders, originally comrades in other region, the new Croatian 2. Even if the answer is yes, are the actions e.ccused only of letting Croatlan nationalism leadership therefore continued the battle now being taken the most appropriate ones? get out of hand because they underestimated against the power of centralist and authori­ Or by including charges of "counter-revolu­ the danger and permitted nationalists and tarian party bureaucracies and financial mo­ tion,'' do they contain what one . observer separatists to organize a dangerously power­ nopolies in Belgrade, which is not only the called a dangerous dose of "ideological over­ ful movement outside party control, are now federal capital but also the capital of Serbia. kill" that will lead to an excessively wide­ being accused of deliberately encouraging or In seeking wider support in this political spread purge with criminal trials inevitable? even leading separatist, antisocialist fac­ struggle for decentralized power, the Croa­ And will this generate even more genuine tions. tian new guard began to play with Croatian separatists-prepared, perhaps, to support Although some low-level demands have national sentiment, historically the easiest terrorism-among a disbelieving and embit­ been made that these leaders be arrested and surest way of arousing mass enthusiasm tered Croatian, nation? on criminal charges, they have not yet lost while also frightening one's negotiating part­ 3. Will a widespread use of purge and po­ their party memberships. ners with the implicit threat that nation­ lice, backed by Tito's repeated demands for The only arrests at first were o'f students alist forces may get out of hand if one's de­ a strengthened Communist party, more cen­ who had led the late November strike at the mands are not met. tral control and an end of "democracy for university which precipiated the crisis, or DEMANDS ESCALATE the enemies of our socialist democracy," who participated in later demonstrations in More extreme Croatian nationalists, in and carry Yugoslavia back toward the centralized favor of deposed party and youth leaders. outside the party, appeared with escalating party dictatorship of a few years ago? Most of the 550 arrested youths have been re­ demands. The official line is that the Croatian lead­ leased, fined (276 of them), or given light· Their activities centered around the M.:atica ership now being purged either deliberately sentences for disturbing the peace (155). Hrvatska, which became again the aggres­ or stupidly had permitted Croatian national­ CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS sive defender of Croatian nationial interests ists to organize a dangerously powerful sepa­ ratist and anti-social movement, and that But now criminal proceedings have begun that it had been in the late years of the Hapsburg Monarchy. To many, the Matica the nationalists' political methods were un­ against a group of older persons, some of democratic and even Stalinist. them party members, who had been promi­ began to look increasingly like the nucleus of a. new, nationialist political party outside Thus desperate and even "undemocratic" nent in an allegedly separatist movement or­ measures were required. Nothing less than ganized around the Matica Hrvatsk>a, a Croa­ Communist control and a challenge to it. This development, combined with the "pro­ the current massive "cleansing" would have tian cultural institution that had escaped done the job. party control and wa.s now said to be con­ gressive" party leadership's toleration of na­ trolling the party. tionalist "excesses" (which frightened non­ At the other extreme are those who feel Meanwhile, although the continuing Croatian minorities in multinational Croa­ that the ousted but still popular Croatian tia), and increasingly rigid negotiating po­ leaders were merely trying to create the gen­ purge and the escalating accusations prevent uine, mass-supported socialist democracy a dust-free view of the crisis in Croatia, no sitions in disputes with the federal center, evidence has been produced to support any frightened Croatia's allies in other regions. that is Titoism's proclaimed goal. of the widely circulating but contradictory The consequent isolation of the Croatian Their flirtation with nationalism, it is rumors that Tito acted under pressure of the leadership forced it into greater dependence argued, was not only a harmless positive con- CXVIII--176-Part 3 2782 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE February 7, 1972 tribution to mass popularity for the party Some people find particular alarming signs, like the recent flurry of arrests in and socialism, but also the best way to cut President Tito's statement, in his strongest Zagreb and elsewhere and pressures against the ground from under the real nationalists post-purge speech, that the rot had started ''liberal" Communist leaders in the Serbian, and separatists who would appear and com­ wit h the 1952 Congress of the Yugoslav Com­ Macedonian and Slovene parties, that this pete for popularity in a genuinely demo­ munist party, and that he personally h ad kind of alarm is justified. cratized atmosphere. never liked that Congress. It is discounted by those who are con­ Another view, more widespread in Zagreb For the "progressive" Communists who vinced-perhaps a litt l~ anxiously- that po­ than many Serbs are prepared to believe, have dominated the party established since litical and economic forces with a vested in­ holds that the answer to the first basic ques­ 1966 to call in question the 1952 Congress is terest in the level of pluralism and decen­ tion is regrettably yes, but the answer to the t o cail in question most of the things that tralization already achieved are now too nu­ second is that the remedy now being applied distinguish Yugoslav from Soviet commu­ merous and t oo powerful for the clock to be is almost as deadly as the disease it is meant nism. turn ed back more t han an hour or two, even to cure. So far, there are at most only marginal by Tito.

SENATE-Monday, February 7, 1972

The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was programs. The reports cover the period mittee. This committee includes rep­ called to order by the President pro tem­ January 2, 1971 through June 30, 1971. resentatives of the Departments of Ag­ pore (Mr. ELLENDER). To assure equitable treatment and es­ riculture; Defense; Health, Education, sential uniformity in administering the and Welfare; and Transportation; the PRAYER law, I requested in a letter to Federal General Services Administration; the The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward agencies, dated January 4, 1971, that a Office of Economic Opportunity; and the L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following number of actions be taken. First, the United States Postal Service. prayer: Office of Management and Budget was This Committee will continually re­ asked to chair an interagency task force view the Government's relocation pro­ Almighty God, who at the beginning to develop guidelines for all agencies to gram for the purpose of making recom­ gave man freedom under grace to have follow in the issuance of regulations and mendations to the Office of Management dominion over his own life, bless the peo­ procedures implementing the Uniform and Budget for improvements in the ple of this Nation and all whom they have Relocation Assistance Act. The Depart­ guidelines and for new legislation. In the set in authority, that this may be a good ments of Justice, Transportation, De­ interests of uniform and equitable ad­ land where liberty is cherished and truth fense, and Housing and Urban Develop­ ministration of the law, it will also pro­ and righteousness mark our common en­ ment, and the General Services Admin­ vide a vehicle for coordinating the relo­ deavor. Set .us free from pride and self­ istration were requested to assist in this cation programs of each of the agencies. interest and all that obstructs Thy spirit development. These guidelines were is­ Executive branch review of the relo­ in our national life. May we learn to lose sued February 27, 1971, and supplemen­ cation assistance program and of the the lower self and find the higher self in tal instructions were issued on August provisions of the Uniform Relocation As­ service and sacrifice and love. Guide the 30, 1971. As noted in the attached re­ sistance and Real Property Acquisition President and the Congress and all who ports, the agencies have now promul­ Policies Act of 1970 has disclosed a num­ assist them that the peace of the world gated regulations and procedures to im­ ber of problem areas which require legis­ and the betterment of all mankind may plement the Act pursuant to the guide­ lative consideration. The principal areas transcend all lesser concerns. lines. identified are detailed as enclosure 4 of In the Redeemer's name we pray. Secondly, I requested Federal agencies this report, while other problem areas Amen. administering mortgage insurance pro­ are identified in individuia,l agency re­ grams to determine whether guarantees ports. Corrective legislation will be sub­ MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT could be given to individuals who were mitted to the Congress. displaced and might otherwise be ineli­ RICHARD NIXON. Messages in writing from the President gible because of age, physical, or other THE WHITE HOUSE, February 4, 1972. of the United States were communicated conditions. Studies completed early in to the Senate by Mr. Leonard, one of his 1971 indicated that such guarantees secretaries. could be made, and I am advised that EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED these agencies are now fully implement­ ing Section 203 (b) of the Act. As in executive session, the President REPORT ON ACTIVITIES UNDER Thirdly, I directed the Secretary of pro tempore laid before the Senate mes­ THE UNIFORM RELOCATION AS­ Housing and Urban Development to de­ sages from the President of the United SISTANCE AND REAL PROPERTY velop criteria and procedures whereby States submitting sundry nominations, ACQUISITION POLICIES ACT­ all Federal and federally assisted pro­ which were referred to the appropriate MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT grams could use the authority provided committees. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be- by Section 206 (a) of the Act to construct (The nominations received today are fore the Senate the following message replacement housing as a last resort. printed at the end of Senate proceed­ from the President of the United States, These criteria and procedures to assure ings.) which, with the accompanying report, uniform and equitable "policies and prac­ was referred to the Committee on Gov­ tices by all agencies have been published ernment Operations: in the Federal Register, and the Depart­ THE JOURNAL ment is evaluating comments received Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask To the Congress of the United States: for consideration in the preparation of unanimous consent that the reading of In accordance with Section 214 of Pub­ final instructions on this subject. the Journal of the proceedings of Friday, lic Law 91-646, I am transmitting today The Department of Housing and Ur­ February 4, 1972, be dispensed with. the first annual report of each Federal ban Development, pursuant to my re­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ agency whose activities are governed, in quest, is also developing criteria and pro­ out objection, it is so ordered. part, by the Uniform Relocation Assist­ cedures for implementing section 215 of ance and Real Property Acquisition Pol­ the act. That section concerns loans for icies Act of 1970. planning and other preliminary ex­ WAIVER OF THE CALL OF THE The ag,ency reports describe initial penses necessary for securing federally steps which have been taken under the insured mortgage :fi11Jancing for the re­ THE CALENDAR Act to provide for the uniform and habilitation or construction of housing Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask equitable treatment of persons displaced for displaced persons. These procedures unanimous consent that the call of the from homes, businesses or farms by Fed­ and criteria should be issued shortly. legislative calendar, under rule VIII, be eral and federally assisted programs and I also directed the Office of Manage­ dispensed with. to establish uniform and equitable real ment and Budget to form and to ohair a The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ property acquisition policies for these Relocation Assistance Advisory Com- out objection, it is so ordered.