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Bio- and Chronostratigraphy of the Middle Triassic Reifling Formation of the Westernmost Northern Calcareous Alps

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Bio- and Chronostratigraphy of the Middle Triassic Reifling Formation of the Westernmost Northern Calcareous Alps Research Collection Journal Article Bio- and chronostratigraphy of the Middle Triassic Reifling Formation of the westernmost Northern Calcareous Alps Author(s): Brühwiler, Thomas; Hochuli, Peter A.; Mundil, Roland; Schatz, Wolfgang; Brack, Peter Publication Date: 2007-12 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000158732 Originally published in: Swiss Journal of Geosciences 100(3), http://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-007-1240-2 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library 443_456_1240_bruehwiler 12.11.2007 10:08 Uhr Seite 443 1661-8726/07/030443-13 Swiss j. geosci. 100 (2007) 443–455 DOI 10.1007/s00015-007-1240-2 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2007 Bio- and chronostratigraphy of the Middle Triassic Reifling Formation of the westernmost Northern Calcareous Alps THOMAS BRÜHWILER1,*,PETER A. HOCHULI1,ROLAND MUNDIL2,WOLFGANG SCHATZ3 & PETER BRACK4 Keywords: Middle Triassic, Reifling Formation, Buchenstein Formation, biostratigraphy, U/Pb zircon dating ABSTRACT ZUSAMMENFASSUNG New finds of fossils including bivalves, ammonoids, brachiopods and paly- Neue Funde fossiler Muscheln, Ammonoideen, Brachiopoden und Palyno- nomorphs from the Middle Triassic Reifling Formation significantly improve morphen aus der mitteltriassischen Reiflinger Formation verbessern die Al- the age assignment for this unit in Liechtenstein and Vorarlberg. The lower tersbestimmung dieser Einheit in Liechtenstein und Vorarlberg massgeblich. part of the Reifling Formation is tentatively referred to the Late Anisian Der untere Teil der Formation wird provisorisch zur spätanisischen Paracera- Paraceratites trinodosus Zone and somewhat older levels, whereas the upper- tites trinodosus Zone und älteren Horizonten gestellt, während der obere Teil most part reaches the Ladinian Protrachyceras archelaus Zone (ammonoid bis in die ladinische Protrachyceras archelaus Zone (Ammonoideen-Zonie- zonation). The Middle Triassic successions of the study area are correlated rung) reicht. Die mitteltriassischen Sedimente des Untersuchungsgebietes with the coeval South Alpine reference section at Bagolino (Brescian Prealps), werden mit dem Referenzprofil von Bagolino (Brescianer Voralpen) korre- which also bears the Ladinian GSSP. The comparison shows that the Reifling liert, welches den GSSP des Ladinian beinhaltet. Dieser Vergleich zeigt, dass Formation in the study area is age-equivalent with the South Alpine Prezzo die Reiflinger Formation des Untersuchungsgebietes gleich alt wie der Süd- Limestone and the Buchenstein Formation. A volcanoclastic layer in the alpine Prezzokalk und die Buchensteiner Formation ist. Die radiometrische upper part of the Reifling Formation at Flexenpass yields a U-Pb zircon age of U-Pb-Datierung von Zirkonen aus einer vulkanischen Aschenlage aus dem 239.3 +/- 0.2 Ma. This value is slightly older than previously published mini- oberen Teil der Reiflinger Formation am Flexenpass ergibt ein Alter von mum ages from equivalent horizons in the Southern Alps; the difference is 239.3 +/- 0.2 Ma. Dieser Wert ist älter als bekannte Minimum-Alter von ent- thought to be mainly due to improved pre-treatment of zircons (annealing/ sprechenden Horizonten aus den Südalpen, und der Unterschied wird auf die chemical abrasion), which significantly reduces the effects of Pb loss. The new verbesserte Zirkon-Vorbehandlung (Sintern gefolgt von chemischer Abra- radio-isotope age further constrains the stratigraphical age of the Reifling For- sion) zurückgeführt, wodurch sich die Effekte von Blei-Verlust massgeblich mation and supports the proposed biostratigraphy-based correlation of Middle verringern lassen. Das neue Datum schränkt das stratigraphische Alter der Triassic successions in the Eastern and Southern Alps. Reiflinger Formation weiter ein und stützt die vorgeschlagene biostratigraphi- sche Korrelation mitteltriassischer Sedimente der Ost- und Südalpen. For the heterogeneous basinal successions biostratigraphi- Introduction cal information is as yet patchy and the resolution of published The Middle Triassic successions of the Northern Calcareous correlations of sections throughout the NCA is rarely better Alps (NCA) part of the Eastern Alps predominantly consist of than at a substage level (e.g. Bechstädt & Mostler 1976). Reli- shallow marine to basinal carbonates with subordinate interca- able age control is limited to a small number of horizons bear- lations of fine-grained clastic sediments (Tollmann 1985). Plat- ing age diagnostic macrofossils in a few sections such as those form carbonates and basinal deposits of Anisian to Carnian around Grossreifling in the eastern NCA (Summesberger & age occur in different tectonic nappe units but detailed recon- Wagner 1972, Tatzreiter 2001 and references therein). Out- structions of the original platfom-basin configuration are still crops of pelagic successions including condensed Hallstatt-type controversial (see Rüffer & Bechstädt 1995 for a discussion of limestones in the central NCA (e.g. Mandl 1984) produced the situation in the western NCA). Late Anisian to possibly Early Ladinian ammonoids reported 1 Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland. 2 Berkeley Geochronology Center, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA. 3 Didaktikzentrum der ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 63, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland. 4 Departement Erdwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland. * Corresponding author: Thomas Brühwiler. E-mail: [email protected] Bio- and chronostratigraphy of the Reifling Formation 443 443_456_1240_bruehwiler 12.11.2007 10:08 Uhr Seite 444 long ago (Mojsisovics 1893; Diener 1900). In the southeastern ner 1984; Rüffer & Zühlke 1995). However, a quantified as- NCA Hallstatt-type limestones alternating with an interval sessment and comparison of the platform-basin evolution in similar to the Reifling Formation also yielded age diagnostic the NCA is seriously hampered by the lack of sufficiently pre- conodonts and daonellas (Leithner & Krystyn 1984). From the cise bio- and/or chronostratigraphical constraints. Middle Triassic successions of the NCA north of the Inn Val- In the Southern Alps the age constraints for Middle Trias- ley information on conodonts is available for a few coherent sic sediments have improved, especially in the past two basinal sections (Bechstädt & Mostler 1974; Donofrio et al. decades. In order to achieve better resolved correlations simi- 1979) as well as for isolated samples (Rüffer 1995). More re- lar progress is also required for data from the NCA. A re-as- cent and consistent conodont data, and a record of magnetic sessment of available older (bio-)stratigraphical information reversals, exist for a few sections of Late Anisian–Ladinian could help in this context, but substantial progress will depend pelagic carbonates (Reifling Formation) in the eastern NCA on the availability of accurately positioned additional fossils. (Gallet et al. 1998). In a step towards this goal we present and discuss new bio- and The Reifling Formation is a key stratigraphical interval of chronostratigraphical data from the Reifling Formation in the pelagic limestones with potential for significantly improved westernmost NCA, i.e. in Vorarlberg (Austria) and Liechten- age calibration. In basinal settings at some distance from co- stein. The new results are then compared with information eval carbonate platforms the stratigraphical thickness of this from the Bagolino reference section in the Lombardian part of unit seems to show little variation and usually ranges in the the Southern Alps. The study area was chosen because of its order of a few tens of metres. Siliceous nodular limestones of relatively uniform sedimentary successions including the basi- the Reifling Formation represent a peculiar facies, which can nal Reifling Formation for which essential stratigraphical in- hardly be distinguished from nodular limestones of the formation was readily available (Hirsch 1966; Kobel 1969). Buchenstein Formation in the Southern Alps. Both formations Moreover, recent palaeogeographical reconstructions (Brack also bear discrete layers of acidic volcanoclastic debris, often et al. 1999) suggest that, in Triassic times, the western NCA with a distinct greenish colour. In the Southern Alps several of were situated closer to the western (i.e. Lombardian) than to these so called Pietra Verde layers have been confirmed as pri- any other part of the Southern Alps. mary volcanic ash beds and such tephra layers turned out to be ideal markers for precise correlation of sections up to 200 kilo- Institutional abbreviation: PIMUZ, Paläontologisches Institut metres apart (Brack & Rieber 1993; Brack & Muttoni 2000). und Museum der Universität Zürich, Switzerland. Moreover, the stratigraphical distribution of the volcanoclastic layers allowed a geochronological framework to be established Setting, available age information and stratigraphy of the on the basis of U-Pb single zircon ages (Mundil et al. 1996a). Reifling Formation in the study area Therefore, if recorded with sufficient detail, the tuff beds in Middle Triassic successions of the NCA are expected to be The Middle Triassic successions of Vorarlberg and Liechten- similarly useful for correlation and radio-isotope dating. stein are relatively uniform, whereas the basinal successions in Although the nature of volcanoclastic beds has long been the
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