GRADE FOUR SOCIAL STUDIES • INDIAN WARS OF THE

INDICATORS

Social Studies: HISTORY 1 Construct time lines with evenly spaced intervals for years, decades and centuries to show the order of significant events in history. 3 Explain the cause and effects of the frontier wars of the 1790s including the , on American Indians in Ohio and the United States.

Social Studies: GEOGRAPHY 1 Use a linear scale to measure the distance between places on a map. 2 Use cardinal and intermediate directions to describe the relative location of places.

Social Studies: PEOPLE IN SOCIETIES 2 Describe the impact of the expansion of European settlements on American Indians in Ohio.

Social Studies: SKILLS AND METHODS 1 Obtain information about state issues from a variety of print and electronic sources, and determine the relevance of information to a research topic: e. Multimedia/Electronic sources. 2 Use a glossary and index to locate information.

Language Arts: ACQUISITION OF VOCABULARY 8TOOLS AND RESOURCES 9 Determine the meanings and pronunciations of unknown words by using dictionaries, glossaries, technology and textual features, such as definitional footnotes or sidebars.

Language Arts: READING PROCESS8COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES 3 Compare and contrast information on a single topic or theme across different text and non-text resources. 7 Answer literal, inferential and evaluative questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media.

Opening the Door West Plus! Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s 1 of 8 ACTIVITIES

(See the resource listings below for Internet Resources, Opening the Door West Plus! Bonus Materials, and the WOUB/Shelburne Films DVD documentary Opening the Door West tie-ins to the activities.)

• Battles and Skirmishes 4 Construct time lines of the events leading up to and during the frontier wars of the 1790s.

4 Maps • Draw maps of the sites of Indian and Settler skirmishes, battles, and/or massacres of the 1790s depicted in the documentary. • Add the location of the student’s hometown to the map. • Determine if there were any sites of Indian/Settler conflict of the 1790s located nearby the student’s hometown and, if so, add the sites to the map. • Conduct research to learn if there were other skirmishes, battles, and/or massacres of the 1790s that were not depicted in the documentary. Add them to the map. • Draw maps of the sites of American Indian tribal lands depicted in the documentary and the locations of those tribes today. • Use Ohio or United States maps to determine cardinal and intermediate directions between the student’s hometown or city and the sites of American Indian tribal lands depicted in the documentary and the tribal lands of those tribes today. • Use Ohio or United States maps to determine the distance between the student’s hometown or city and the sites of American Indian tribal lands depicted in the documentary and the tribal lands of those tribes today.

• Cause and Effect 4 List the causes of the frontier wars of the 1790s. • View the documentary and use the bonus materials. • For example, the bonus materials artwork “How Could Things Get Any Worse” and “The Second Mayflower” both show flatboats on the – one from the point of view of the Native American Indians and one from the point of view of the settlers. • What did the settlers see as the causes? • What did the Indians see as the causes? 4 Explain the results of the frontier wars of the 1790s. • How were the settlers affected by the ending of the frontier wars? • How were the Indians affected by the ending of the frontier wars? 4 Study the fortifications built by the settlers and the military forces of the United States. • What effect did the construction of the fortifications have on the settlers and on the Indians?

2 of 8 Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s Opening the Door West Plus! INTERNET RESOURCES

• Primary Sources: Sensitive Content, The problem of offensive content: http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/primarysources.asp#sensative

• “Up Against Authentic History” 4 Billy Tally, Center for Children and Technology http://teacher.scholastic.com/professional/teachtech/historysrc.htm

• Time Lines: 4 Ohio, Timeline of State History: http://www.shgresources.com/oh/timeline/ 4 Interactive Time Line of American History: http://www.boltmap.com/BoltMapSlow.html 4 Time in Perspective: http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1325 4 U. S. History Time Line, World Almanac for Kids: http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/explore/timeline2.html The time line is divided into four sections: Before 1492, 1492-1783, 1783-100, and 20th Century. See the links at the bottom of the web page.

• Maps: 4 Animated U. S. Migration Map 1650 to 1983: http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/Animation/us.gif 4 Growth and Distribution of American Cities: 1790 to 2000: http://www.census.gov/dmd/www/maps_1790to2000.html 4 Land transfers from Native Americans to Whites: 1775 – 1894: http://www.csulb.edu/projects/ais/nae/chapter_5/001_002_5.01.jpg 4 United States Geological Survey • What Do Maps Show? USGS Learning Web Lesson Plan: http://interactive2.usgs.gov/learningweb/teachers/mapsshow.htm • USGS Educational map Catalog: http://rockyweb.cr.usgs.gov/public/outreach/mapcatalog/ Download PDF files. See Culture and History. • University of Texas Perry-Castaneda Library Ohio Map Collection: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ohio.html

• Indian Wars of the 1790s 4 Ohio Indian Wars: • http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=527 4 Fallen Timbers Battlefield • http://www.loc.gov/bicentennial/propage/OH/oh-9_h_kaptur5.html 4 Early America’s Bloodiest Battle – St. Clair’s Defeat • http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/summer/battle.html

Opening the Door West Plus! Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s 3 of 8 • Ohio History Central: http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/ohc/index.shtml

4 History Tab 8Places • Black Swamp • Fort Defiance • Fort Meigs • Campus Martius • Fort Greene Ville • Fort Miamis • Chillicothe • Fort Hamilton • Fort Recovery • Congress Lands • • Fort Steuben • Coshocton • • • Donation Tract • Fort Loramie • Wapakoneta

4 WapakonetaHistory tab 8Events • Battle of Fallen • Ohio’s Indian Wars • Gnadenhutten Massacre Timbers • Siege of Fort Recovery • Proclamation of 1763 • Battle of Piqua • St. Clair’s Defea • • Harmar’s Defeat •

4 History tab 8People • Blue Jacket • Simon Girty • Cornstalk (Keightughqua) (Weyapiersenwah) • • Simon Kenton • Captain Pipe • John Heckewelder • - (Meshikinquah) (Hopacan) • Edward Tiffin • Arthur St. Clair • Tarhe • • Tecumseh

4 Ohio History Central [Historical] Period Index: http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/ohc/history/h_indian/periods/index.shtml

• One State, Many Nations: Native Americans of Ohio – NETO PBS 45/49: http://www.pbs4549.org/onestate/overview.htm

• The Effects of Removal on American Indian Tribes: http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindian/essays/indianremoval.htm

4 of 8 Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s Opening the Door West Plus! OPENING THE DOOR WEST PLUS! RESOURCES WOUB/SHELBURNE FILMS DVD DOCUMENTARY OPENING THE DOOR WEST CHAPTER CHAPTER TITLE START DETAILS TIME 1 Introduction 02:46 Foreshadow Events to Follow: Settler - Native conflict 1 Introduction 03:50 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals; Conflict: to George Washington – asking for help following the 2 Ohio Lands 01:14 Resources, Environment: – pre-settler resources and environment 4 Fort Harmar 00:08 Conflict, Settler - U. S. government: Native American protest settlers violating Proclamation of 1763 4 Fort Harmar 01:37 Conflict, Fort Harmar: Fort Harmar - purpose, history 4 Fort Harmar 05:09 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: Sgt. Joseph Buell – conflict, missing settler 5 Adv. Galley 00:56 Transportation: methods of travel, travel conditions for 1787 settlers, Ohio Company history 5 Adv. Galley 04:44 Biographical Sketch, Conflict: Captain Pipe, Delaware chief, family killed by settlers before Ohio Company 6 Field of Mars 00:08 Conflict, Campus Martius: Campus Martius – purpose, history, origin of name 7 Adelphi 04:41 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: John May – settlers unprepared for living in a newly settled area 7 Adelphi 05:00 Conflict: message telling of attacks on nearby settlements 7 Adelphi 11:48 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Gov. St. Clair’s planned treaty talks at Duncan Falls fail 7 Adelphi 13:33 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: Sam Hildreth – procession greeting natives coming to treaty ceremony 7 Adelphi 16:46 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Treaty signed in Marietta, July 9, 1789 8 Spies & Rangers 02:54 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Virginia scouts and rangers hated by the Native Americans 8 Spies & Rangers 03:25 Wants vs. Needs: Want: to avoid conflict with natives, Need: protection of Virginia scouts 8 Spies & Rangers 04:06 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: killings perpetrated by both sides 10 Starving 09:40 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Col. Harmar led a failed expedition against the , Miami, October 1790 11 Big Bottom 00:08 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: conflict between the settlers and Native Americans continues 11 Big Bottom 01:06 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: attack on Big Bottom – 40 miles up Muskingum, 12 settlers killed by a war party 11 Big Bottom 01:21 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: J. Barker – description of Big Bottom settlers readiness for attack 11 Big Bottom 02:51 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: J. Barker – description of attack on settlers at Big Bottom by natives 11 Big Bottom 08:00 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: history of settler, Native American attacks in the early 1790s, 11 Big Bottom 11:30 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Gov. St. Clair’s failed attack at the Wabash River, defeated by 3000 natives 11 Big Bottom 13:36 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: deaths continue, 4 1/2 years of settler confinement to fortified areas 12 Door Opens 00:08 Government: U. S. sends Gen. Wayne and Legion of the United States to defeat natives, Battle of Fallen Timbers 12 Door Opens 01:16 Conflict: Treaty of Greenville, hostilities end Opening the Door West Plus! Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s 5 of 8 BONUS MATERIALS – PRIMARY/SECONDARY SOURCES

LOCATION TITLE SOURCE LENGTH CD Belpre Settlement “Farmer’s Castle”– Ebner Batelle Hildreth Collection 5 pages Transcripts CD Causes of the Indian Wars - Ichabod Nye Ichabod Nye Memoirs 2 pages CD Greenville Treaty, text Historical document 7 pages CD Joseph Barker Letter to Sam Hildreth Hildreth Collection 6 pages Transcripts CD Journal of a Fort Harmar Sergeant - Joesph Buell Pioneer History & Hildreth 7 pages Collection Transcripts CD Letter to George Washington - Rufus Putnam Pioneer History 2 pages CD Manasseh Cutler Journal: Trip to Ohio Hildreth Collection Transcripts 7 pages Company Lands CD Proclamation of 1763, text Historical document 3 pages CD St. Clair Invitation Order: Pioneer History 1 page Treaty Signing Celebration CD St. Clair: Letter to Secretary of War, Pioneer History 1 page General CD Story of a Pioneer Lady Hildreth Collection 2 pages Transcripts CD Treaty of Fort Harmar (Wyandot Treaty) text Historical document 5 pages DVD Campus Martius computer generated video 05:34 DVD Fort Harmar computer generated video 02:00 DVD Prehistoric Indian Mounds computer generated video 00:37

6 of 8 Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s Opening the Door West Plus! BONUS MATERIALS – PAINTINGS AND DRAWINGS (The CD includes brief historical descriptions for each entry.)

LOCATION TITLE SOURCE TYPE CD Battle of Fallen Timbers Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD Blue Jacket Paintings/Drawings illustration, color CD Bunch of Grapes Tavern – Blake Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD Campus Martius Paintings/Drawings ink CD Capture of Major Goodale Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD Clearing Land Paintings/Drawings painting CD Emigrants Floating Down the Ohio Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD Establishment of Civil Government Paintings/Drawings painting July 1788 - Young CD Farmers Castle – Augenstein Paintings/Drawings ink, water color CD Farmers Castle, 1791 Paintings/Drawings ink CD Floating Mill Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD Fort Frye - Owen Paintings/Drawings ink, watercolor CD Fort Miamis - Kohl Paintings/Drawings computer generated CD Gen. Arthur St. Clair Paintings/Drawings painting CD Gen. Wayne Obtains a Complete Victory Paintings/Drawings painting over Miami Indians - Kemmelmeyer CD General Josiah Harmar Paintings/Drawings painting, sepia CD How Could Things Get Any Worse – Griffing Paintings/Drawings illustration, color CD Mad Anthony Wayne Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD On the Great Trail - Griffing Paintings/Drawings illustration, color CD Pioneer Industries - Young Paintings/Drawings painting CD Putnam Landing - Young Paintings/Drawings painting CD Second Mayflower Paintings/Drawings illustration, sepia CD Soldiers of the Revolution Plan Settlement Paintings/Drawings painting of Ohio Country - Young CD Spring Trader – Griffing Paintings/Drawings illustration, color CD St. Clair’s Defeat – Van Trees Paintings/Drawings wall mural? CD Tecumseh, Guardian of the Ohio – Griffing Paintings/Drawings painting CD The Point Paintings/Drawings ink CD View of Ft Harmar, Kerr Island, Paintings/Drawings B/W drawing Williamstown, WV – Hall CD View of Wolf Creek Near Paintings/Drawings painting – Sullivan

Opening the Door West Plus! Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s 7 of 8 BONUS MATERIALS – ANIMATIONS AND INTERVIEWS WITH EXPERTS

LOCATION TITLE SOURCE LENGTH DVD 1. Three Former Captives – Three Different Reactions Interview with an Expert 01:00 – Louise Zimmer DVD 1.1. Louis Wetzel – Indian Hater Interview with an Expert 02:35 – Louise Zimmer DVD 1.2. Simon Girty – Indian Defender Interview with an Expert 01:54 – Louise Zimmer DVD 1.3. Joe Kelly – Citizen of Two Cultures Interview with an Expert 02:37 – Louise Zimmer DVD Causes of Conflict: Defending Indian Homeland Interview with an Expert 03:54 – Don Secondine DVD Causes of Conflict: The Concept of Land Interview with an Expert 01:37 – Louise Zimmer DVD Divided Loyalties - Louise Zimmer Interview with an Expert 00:32 DVD Pioneer Women: Life as an Indian Captive Interview with an Expert 01:00 – Allan Eckert DVD Campus Martius Computer Animation 05:34 DVD Farmer’s Castle Computer Animation 01:48 DVD Fort Frye Computer Animation 00:22 DVD Fort Harmar Computer Animation 02:00 DVD The Point Computer Animation 03:10

8 of 8 Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s Opening the Door West Plus!