GRADE FOUR SOCIAL STUDIES • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790S INDICATORS Social Studies: HISTORY 1 Construct time lines with evenly spaced intervals for years, decades and centuries to show the order of significant events in Ohio history. 3 Explain the cause and effects of the frontier wars of the 1790s including the Battle of Fallen Timbers, on American Indians in Ohio and the United States. Social Studies: GEOGRAPHY 1 Use a linear scale to measure the distance between places on a map. 2 Use cardinal and intermediate directions to describe the relative location of places. Social Studies: PEOPLE IN SOCIETIES 2 Describe the impact of the expansion of European settlements on American Indians in Ohio. Social Studies: SKILLS AND METHODS 1 Obtain information about state issues from a variety of print and electronic sources, and determine the relevance of information to a research topic: e. Multimedia/Electronic sources. 2 Use a glossary and index to locate information. Language Arts: ACQUISITION OF VOCABULARY 8TOOLS AND RESOURCES 9 Determine the meanings and pronunciations of unknown words by using dictionaries, glossaries, technology and textual features, such as definitional footnotes or sidebars. Language Arts: READING PROCESS8COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES 3 Compare and contrast information on a single topic or theme across different text and non-text resources. 7 Answer literal, inferential and evaluative questions to demonstrate comprehension of grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media. Opening the Door West Plus! Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s 1 of 8 ACTIVITIES (See the resource listings below for Internet Resources, Opening the Door West Plus! Bonus Materials, and the WOUB/Shelburne Films DVD documentary Opening the Door West tie-ins to the activities.) • Battles and Skirmishes 4 Construct time lines of the events leading up to and during the frontier wars of the 1790s. 4 Maps • Draw maps of the sites of Indian and Settler skirmishes, battles, and/or massacres of the 1790s depicted in the documentary. • Add the location of the student’s hometown to the map. • Determine if there were any sites of Indian/Settler conflict of the 1790s located nearby the student’s hometown and, if so, add the sites to the map. • Conduct research to learn if there were other skirmishes, battles, and/or massacres of the 1790s that were not depicted in the documentary. Add them to the map. • Draw maps of the sites of American Indian tribal lands depicted in the documentary and the locations of those tribes today. • Use Ohio or United States maps to determine cardinal and intermediate directions between the student’s hometown or city and the sites of American Indian tribal lands depicted in the documentary and the tribal lands of those tribes today. • Use Ohio or United States maps to determine the distance between the student’s hometown or city and the sites of American Indian tribal lands depicted in the documentary and the tribal lands of those tribes today. • Cause and Effect 4 List the causes of the frontier wars of the 1790s. • View the documentary and use the bonus materials. • For example, the bonus materials artwork “How Could Things Get Any Worse” and “The Second Mayflower” both show flatboats on the Ohio River – one from the point of view of the Native American Indians and one from the point of view of the settlers. • What did the settlers see as the causes? • What did the Indians see as the causes? 4 Explain the results of the frontier wars of the 1790s. • How were the settlers affected by the ending of the frontier wars? • How were the Indians affected by the ending of the frontier wars? 4 Study the fortifications built by the settlers and the military forces of the United States. • What effect did the construction of the fortifications have on the settlers and on the Indians? 2 of 8 Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s Opening the Door West Plus! INTERNET RESOURCES • Primary Sources: Sensitive Content, The problem of offensive content: http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/primarysources.asp#sensative • “Up Against Authentic History” 4 Billy Tally, Center for Children and Technology http://teacher.scholastic.com/professional/teachtech/historysrc.htm • Time Lines: 4 Ohio, Timeline of State History: http://www.shgresources.com/oh/timeline/ 4 Interactive Time Line of American History: http://www.boltmap.com/BoltMapSlow.html 4 Time in Perspective: http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1325 4 U. S. History Time Line, World Almanac for Kids: http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/explore/timeline2.html The time line is divided into four sections: Before 1492, 1492-1783, 1783-100, and 20th Century. See the links at the bottom of the web page. • Maps: 4 Animated U. S. Migration Map 1650 to 1983: http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/Animation/us.gif 4 Growth and Distribution of American Cities: 1790 to 2000: http://www.census.gov/dmd/www/maps_1790to2000.html 4 Land transfers from Native Americans to Whites: 1775 – 1894: http://www.csulb.edu/projects/ais/nae/chapter_5/001_002_5.01.jpg 4 United States Geological Survey • What Do Maps Show? USGS Learning Web Lesson Plan: http://interactive2.usgs.gov/learningweb/teachers/mapsshow.htm • USGS Educational map Catalog: http://rockyweb.cr.usgs.gov/public/outreach/mapcatalog/ Download PDF files. See Culture and History. • University of Texas Perry-Castaneda Library Ohio Map Collection: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ohio.html • Indian Wars of the 1790s 4 Ohio Indian Wars: • http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=527 4 Fallen Timbers Battlefield • http://www.loc.gov/bicentennial/propage/OH/oh-9_h_kaptur5.html 4 Early America’s Bloodiest Battle – St. Clair’s Defeat • http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/summer/battle.html Opening the Door West Plus! Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s 3 of 8 • Ohio History Central: http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/ohc/index.shtml 4 History Tab 8Places • Black Swamp • Fort Defiance • Fort Meigs • Campus Martius • Fort Greene Ville • Fort Miamis • Chillicothe • Fort Hamilton • Fort Recovery • Congress Lands • Fort Harmar • Fort Steuben • Coshocton • Fort Jefferson • Fort Washington • Donation Tract • Fort Loramie • Wapakoneta 4 WapakonetaHistory tab 8Events • Battle of Fallen • Ohio’s Indian Wars • Gnadenhutten Massacre Timbers • Siege of Fort Recovery • Proclamation of 1763 • Battle of Piqua • St. Clair’s Defea • Treaty of Greenville • Harmar’s Defeat • Treaty of Fort Harmar 4 History tab 8People • Blue Jacket • Simon Girty • Cornstalk (Keightughqua) (Weyapiersenwah) • Josiah Harmar • Simon Kenton • Captain Pipe • John Heckewelder • Little Turtle - (Meshikinquah) (Hopacan) • Edward Tiffin • Arthur St. Clair • Tarhe • Anthony Wayne • Tecumseh 4 Ohio History Central [Historical] Period Index: http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/ohc/history/h_indian/periods/index.shtml • One State, Many Nations: Native Americans of Ohio – NETO PBS 45/49: http://www.pbs4549.org/onestate/overview.htm • The Effects of Removal on American Indian Tribes: http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindian/essays/indianremoval.htm 4 of 8 Grade 4 • INDIAN WARS OF THE 1790s Opening the Door West Plus! OPENING THE DOOR WEST PLUS! RESOURCES WOUB/SHELBURNE FILMS DVD DOCUMENTARY OPENING THE DOOR WEST CHAPTER CHAPTER TITLE START DETAILS TIME 1 Introduction 02:46 Foreshadow Events to Follow: Settler - Native conflict 1 Introduction 03:50 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals; Conflict: Rufus Putnam to George Washington – asking for help following the Big Bottom Massacre 2 Ohio Lands 01:14 Resources, Environment: Northwest Territory – pre-settler resources and environment 4 Fort Harmar 00:08 Conflict, Settler - U. S. government: Native American protest settlers violating Proclamation of 1763 4 Fort Harmar 01:37 Conflict, Fort Harmar: Fort Harmar - purpose, history 4 Fort Harmar 05:09 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: Sgt. Joseph Buell – conflict, missing settler 5 Adv. Galley 00:56 Transportation: methods of travel, travel conditions for 1787 settlers, Ohio Company history 5 Adv. Galley 04:44 Biographical Sketch, Conflict: Captain Pipe, Delaware chief, family killed by settlers before Ohio Company 6 Field of Mars 00:08 Conflict, Campus Martius: Campus Martius – purpose, history, origin of name 7 Adelphi 04:41 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: John May – settlers unprepared for living in a newly settled area 7 Adelphi 05:00 Conflict: message telling of attacks on nearby settlements 7 Adelphi 11:48 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Gov. St. Clair’s planned treaty talks at Duncan Falls fail 7 Adelphi 13:33 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: Sam Hildreth – procession greeting natives coming to treaty ceremony 7 Adelphi 16:46 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Treaty signed in Marietta, July 9, 1789 8 Spies & Rangers 02:54 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Virginia scouts and rangers hated by the Native Americans 8 Spies & Rangers 03:25 Wants vs. Needs: Want: to avoid conflict with natives, Need: protection of Virginia scouts 8 Spies & Rangers 04:06 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: killings perpetrated by both sides 10 Starving 09:40 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Col. Harmar led a failed expedition against the Shawnee, Miami, October 1790 11 Big Bottom 00:08 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: conflict between the settlers and Native Americans continues 11 Big Bottom 01:06 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: attack on Big Bottom – 40 miles up Muskingum, 12 settlers killed by a war party 11 Big Bottom 01:21 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: J. Barker – description of Big Bottom settlers readiness for attack 11 Big Bottom 02:51 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: J. Barker – description of attack on settlers at Big Bottom by natives 11 Big Bottom 08:00 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: history of settler, Native American attacks in the early 1790s, Ohio Country 11 Big Bottom 11:30 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Gov. St. Clair’s failed attack at the Wabash River, defeated by 3000 natives 11 Big Bottom 13:36 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: deaths continue, 4 1/2 years of settler confinement to fortified areas 12 Door Opens 00:08 Government: U.