GRADE EIGHT INDIAN WARS OF THE

INDICATORS

Social Studies: HISTORY 1 Select events and construct a multiple-tier time line to show relationships among events. 8 Describe and analyze the territorial expansion of the United States including: a. Northwest Ordinance.

Social Studies: PEOPLE IN SOCIETIES 2 Describe and explain the social, economic and political effects of: a. Stereotyping and prejudice; b. Racism and discrimination c. Institutionalized racism and institutionalized discrimination. 3 Analyze how contact between white settlers and American Indians resulted in treaties, land acquisition and Indian removal.

Social Studies: SKILLS AND METHODS 3 Write a position paper or give an oral presentation that includes citation of sources.

English Language Arts: WRITING APPLICATIONS 3 Write formal and informal letters (e.g., thank you notes, letters of request) that follow letter format (e.g., date, proper salutation, body, closing and signature), include important information and demonstrate a sense of closure. 4 Write informational reports that include facts and examples and present important details in a logical order.

English Language Arts: ACQUISITION OF VOCABULARY8TOOLS AND RESOURCES 7 Determine the meanings and pronunciations of unknown words by using dictionaries, thesauruses, glossaries, technology and textual features, such as definitional footnotes or sidebars.

Opening the Door West Plus! Grade 8 • INDIAN WARS 1 of 7 ACTIVITIES

(See the resource listings below for Internet Resources, Opening the Door West Plus! Bonus Materials, and the WOUB/Shelburne Films DVD documentary Opening the Door West tie-ins to the activities.)

Westward Expansion: The Human Toll • Draw a time line that compares the influx of settlers of European descent to the and the corresponding expulsion of American Indians.

• View the documentary and bonus materials that speak to the territorial expansion of the United States following the adoption of the Northwest Ordinance. Describe the expansion.

• Analyze the advantages and the disadvantages of the expansion of the United States into the Northwest Territory for 4 Settlers from New England 4 Settlers from France 4 Indians 4 Write a position paper or give an oral presentation that include citation of sources

• Analyze the impact of treaties between Indians and settlers on each group.

• Model Curriculum Lesson Plan 4 “Injustice” – 13 pages – Available in PDF form. See download instructions under Resources below. • This lesson provides an opportunity for class discussion, research and writing. Students will examine case histories of injustice and their social, economic and political consequences. The lesson enables teachers to have the flexibility to structure the research to meet the needs of the students and to incorporate current issues.

2 of 7 Grade 8 • INDIAN WARS Opening the Door West Plus! INTERNET RESOURCES

• Ohio Model Curriculum Lesson Plans: “Injustice” 4 Go to Ohio’s Instructional Management System: http://ims.ode.state.oh.us/ode/ims/Default.asp?bhcp=1 4 Use the search area below the introduction to choose: • Search within - choose Lesson Plans. • Content Area – choose the Subject Area. • Grade Band – choose the grade from the drop down menu. • Type in a keyword from the title of one of the above lesson plans. • Click search. The site provides a list of possible lesson plans. • Navigate (scroll, next) to the lesson’s title and click the download button. The PDF file downloads and opens.

• Time Lines: 4 Chronological : http://www.shgresources.com/oh/timeline/ 4 Interactive Timeline of American History, University of Houston’s Digital History: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/timeline/timelineN.cfm 4 Interactive Time Line of American History: http://www.boltmap.com/BoltMapSlow.html 4 History Unlimited • 1693-1743: http://inquiryunlimited.org/timelines/hist1700.html • 1767-1791: http://inquiryunlimited.org/timelines/hist1750.html • 1800 to 1850: http://inquiryunlimited.org/timelines/hist1800.html 4 History Works Time Lines: http://www.historyworksohio.org/timeline/timeline.cfm 4 U. S. History Time Line • http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/explore/timeline2.html • The time line is divided into four sections: Before 1492, 1492-1783, 1783-1900, and 20th Century. • See the links at the bottom of the web page.

• Primary Sources: 4 Primary Sources: Sensitive Content, The problem of offensive content: http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/primarysources.asp#sensative 4 “Up Against Authentic History” • Billy Tally, Center for Children and Technology • http://teacher.scholastic.com/professional/teachtech/historysrc.htm

Opening the Door West Plus! Grade 8 • INDIAN WARS 3 of 7 • Indian Wars of the 1790s 4 Fallen Timbers Battlefield. http://www.loc.gov/bicentennial/propage/OH/oh-9_h_kaptur5.html 4 Ethical Dilemmas – Smithsonian Institution: http://www.nmnh.si.edu/anthro/outreach/edethica.html 4 Land Transfers Maps: From Indian Tribes 1775 to 1894: http://www.csulb.edu/projects/ais/nae/chapter_5/001_002_5.01.jpg 4 U. S. Federal and State Indian Reservations: http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0778676.html 4 U. S. Census Bureau – American Indian Data & Links: http://www.csulb.edu/projects/ais/nae/chapter_5/001_002_5.01.jpg 4 Indian Census Records: http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/census/index.htm 4 The Effects of Removal on American Indian Tribes: http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindian/essays/indianremoval.htm 4 Treaty With the Delawares 1778: http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/ntreaty/del1778.htm 4 Treaty With the Wyandot, etc. 1785: http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/ntreaty/wya1785.htm 4 Treaty With the 1786: http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/ntreaty/shaw1786.htm

• Native American Indian Resources: 4 Compact Histories of the First Nations, Lee Sultzman: http://www.tolatsga.org/Compacts.html See: Delaware, , Miami, Ottawa, , Huron (Wyandot) 4 Indian Tribes of the United States – Ohio index, Access Genealogy/Indian Tribal Records: http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/ohio/index.htm Use the links to read more about Ohio Tribes: Delaware, Iroquois, Miami, Ottawa, Potawatomi, Seneca, Shawnee, Wyandot, etc. 4 Ohio History Central - Groups: http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/ohc/h/gro/ Use the links to read more about Ohio tribes: Delaware, Iroquois, Miami, , Ottawa, Potawatomi, Seneca, Shawnee, and Wyandot. 4 Indian Nations Links: • Delaware () Tribe of Indians: http://www.delawaretribeofindians.nsn.us/index.html • Iroquois Constitution: http://www.kahonwes.com/constitution.html • Iroquois Book of Rites http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/iro/ibr/index.htm • Miami – Brief History: http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/miami.html • Miami Nation: http://www.miamination.com/ • Mingo Indians Iroquois or Six Nations: http://www.swcp.com/~dhickman/notes/mingo.html • Potowatomi by David A. Baerreis: http://www.gbl.indiana.edu/Pot/Ptoc.html • Potawatomi Nation (CPN): http://www.potawatomi.org/ • Wyandotte Nation of Oklahoma: http://www.wyandotte-nation.org/index.html • Wyandot Indian Tribe: http://www.nanations.com/wyandot/history.htm

4 of 7 Grade 8 • INDIAN WARS Opening the Door West Plus! WOUB/SHELBURNE FILMS DVD DOCUMENTARY OPENING THE DOOR WEST

CHAPTER CHAPTER START DETAILS NUMBER TITLE TIME 1 Introduction 02:46 Foreshadow Events to Follow: Settler - Native conflict 1 Introduction 03:50 Primary Sources – Letters, Journals; Conflict: to George Washington – asking for help following the . 2 Ohio Lands 01:14 Resources, Environment: Northwest Territory – pre-settler resources and environment 3 00:08 Conflict, Settler – U. S. government: Native American protest settlers violating Proclamation of 1763 4 Fort Harmar 01:37 Conflict, Fort Harmar: Fort Harmar – purpose, history 4 Fort Harmar 05:09 Primary Sources – Letters, Journals: Sgt. Joseph Buell – conflict, missing settler 5 Adv. Galley 00:56 Transportation: methods of travel, travel conditions for 1787 settlers, Ohio Company history 5 Adv. Galley 04:44 Biographical Sketch, Conflict: Captain Pipe, Delaware chief, family killed by settlers before Ohio Company 6 Field of Mars 00:08 Conflict, Campus Martius: Campus Martius – purpose, history, origin of name 7 Adelphi 04:41 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: John May – settlers unprepared for living in a newly settled area 7 Adelphi 05:00 Conflict: message telling of attacks on nearby settlements 7 Adelphi 11:48 Conflict – Settlers, Natives: Gov. St. Clair’s planned treaty talks at Duncan Falls Fail 7 Adelphi 13:33 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: Sam Hildreth – procession greeting natives coming to treaty ceremony 7 Adelphi 16:46 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Treaty signed in Marietta, July 9, 1789 8 Spies & Rangers 02:54 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Virginia scouts and rangers hated by the Native Americans 8 Spies & Rangers 03:25 Wants vs. Needs: Want: to avoid conflict with natives, Need: protection of Virginia scouts 8 Spies & Rangers 04:06 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: killings perpetrated by both sides 10 Starving 09:40 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: Col. Harmar led a failed expedition against the Shawnee, Miami, October 1790 10 Big Bottom 00:08 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: conflict between the settlers and Native Americans continues 11 Big Bottom 01:06 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: attack on Big Bottom - 40 miles up Muskingum, 12 settlers killed by a war party 11 Big Bottom 01:21 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: J. Barker - description of Big Bottom settlers readiness for attack 11 Big Bottom 02:51 Primary Sources - Letters, Journals: J. Barker - description of attack on settlers at Big Bottom by natives 11 Big Bottom 08:00 Conflict - Settlers, Natives: history of settler, Native American attacks in the early 1790s,

Opening the Door West Plus! Grade 8 • INDIAN WARS 5 of 7 CHAPTER CHAPTER START DETAILS NUMBER TITLE TIME 11 Big Bottom 11:30 Conflict – Settlers, Natives: Gov. St. Clair’s failed attack at the Wabash River, defeated by 3000 natives 11 Big Bottom 13:36 Conflict – Settlers, Natives: deaths continue, 4 1/2 years of settler confinement to fortified areas 12 Door Opens 00:08 Government: U.S. sends Gen. Wayne and Legion of the United States to defeat natives, 12 Door Opens 01:16 Conflict: , hostilities end

BONUS MATERIALS: PRIMARY/SECONDARY SOURCES

LOCATION TITLE SOURCE LENGTH CD Belpre Settlement “Farmer’s Castle” - Ebner Batelle Hildreth Collection Transcripts 5 pages CD Joseph Barker Letter to Sam Hildreth Hildreth Collection Transcripts 6 pages CD Manasseh Cutler Journal: Hildreth Collection Transcripts 7 pages Trip to Ohio Company Lands CD Story of a Pioneer Lady Hildreth Collection Transcripts 2 pages CD Greenville Treaty, text Historical document 7 pages CD Proclamation of 1763, text Historical document 3 pages CD (Wyandot Treaty) text Historical document 5 pages CD Causes of the Indian Wars - Ichabod Nye Ichabod Nye Memoirs 2 pages CD Letter to George Washington - Rufus Putnam Pioneer History 2 pages CD St. Clair Invitation Order: Treaty Signing Celebration Pioneer History 1 page CD St. Clair: Letter to Secretary of War, Pioneer History 1 page General CD Journal of a Fort Harmar Sergeant - Joesph Buell Pioneer History & 7 pages Hildreth Collection Transcripts

BONUS MATERIALS – ADDITIONAL INTERVIEWS WITH EXPERTS

LOCATION TITLE SOURCE LENGTH DVD 1. Three Former Captives – Louise Zimmer Interview with an Expert 01:00 Three Different Reactions DVD 1.1. Louis Wetzel – Indian Hater – Louise Zimmer Interview with an Expert 02:35 DVD 1.2. Simon Girty – Indian Defender – Louise Zimmer Interview with an Expert 01:54 DVD 1.3. Joe Kelly – Citizen of Two Cultures Interview with an Expert 02:37 – Louise Zimmer DVD Causes of Conflict: Defending Indian Interview with an Expert 03:54 Homeland – Don Secondine DVD Causes of Conflict: The Concept of Land Interview with an Expert 01:37 – Louise Zimmer DVD Divided Loyalties – Louise Zimmer Interview with an Expert 00:32 DVD Pioneer Women: Life as an Indian Captive Interview with an Expert 01:00 – Allan Eckert

6 of 7 Grade 8 • INDIAN WARS Opening the Door West Plus! BONUS MATERIALS – PAINTINGS AND DRAWINGS (The CD includes brief historical descriptions for each entry.)

LOCATION TITLE SOURCE TYPE CD Battle of Fallen Timbers Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD Paintings/Drawings illustration, color CD Bunch of Grapes Tavern - Blake Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD Campus Martius Paintings/Drawings ink CD Capture of Major Goodale Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD Clearing Land Paintings/Drawings painting CD Emigrants Floating Down the Ohio Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD Establishment of Civil Government Paintings/Drawings painting July 1788 - Young CD Farmers Castle - Augenstein Paintings/Drawings ink, water color CD Farmers Castle, 1791 Paintings/Drawings ink CD Floating Mill Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD Fort Frye - Owen Paintings/Drawings ink, watercolor CD Fort Miamis - Kohl Paintings/Drawings computer generated CD Gen. Arthur St. Clair Paintings/Drawings painting CD Gen. Wayne Obtains a Complete Victory Paintings/Drawings painting over Miami Indians - Kemmelmeyer CD General Paintings/Drawings painting, sepia CD How Could Things Get Any Worse - Griffing Paintings/Drawings illustration, color CD Mad Paintings/Drawings illlustration, B/W CD On the Great Trail - Griffing Paintings/Drawings illustration, color CD Pioneer Industries - Young Paintings/Drawings painting CD Putnam Landing - Young Paintings/Drawings painting CD Second Mayflower Paintings/Drawings illustration, sepia CD Soldiers of the Revolution Plan Settlement Paintings/Drawings painting of Ohio Country - Young CD Spring Trader - Griffing Paintings/Drawings illustration, color CD St. Clair’s Defeat - Van Trees Paintings/Drawings wall mural CD , Guardian of the Ohio - Griffing Paintings/Drawings painting CD The Point Paintings/Drawings ink CD View of Ft Harmar, Kerr Island, Paintings/Drawings B/W drawing Williamstown, WV - Hall CD View of Wolf Creek Paintings/Drawings painting Near - Sullivan

Opening the Door West Plus! Grade 8 • INDIAN WARS 7 of 7