Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

Project Number: 44062-01 March 2012

Nepal: Strengthening the Town Development Fund Capacity for Public-Private Partnership (Financed by the TA Special Fund)

Prepared jointly by: Hemant Gyawali Srijan Aryal Deependra Pokharel

For Town Development Fund, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. TA – 7669 (NEP) STRENGTHENING THE TOWN DEVELOPMENT FUND CAPACITY FOR PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

29 TOWNS ASSESSMENT UNDER SMALL TOWNS WATER SUPPLY SANITATION SECTOR PROJECT (STWSSSP) - I

FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT

VOLUME I

MARCH 2012

Submitted by: Independent Consultants Hemant Gyawali – Financial Specialist/Team Leader Srijan Aryal – Water Supply Engineer Deependra Pokharel – Social Development Specialist Final Report March 2012

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank CSP - Community Stand Post DDC - District Development Committee DWSS - Department of Water Supply and Sewerage EA - Executing Agency EC - Executive Committee FY - Fiscal Year GON - Government of Nepal HHs - Households HR - Human Resource HRF - Horizontal Roughing Filters IA - Implementing Agency Lpcd - Liters per Capita per day MCPM - Minimum Condition and Performance Measure MLD - Ministry of Local Development MOF - Ministry of Finance MPPW - Ministry of Physical Planning and Works NGO - Nongovernment Organization NRs - Nepali Rupees NRW - Non Revenue Water OD - Organizational Development O&M - Operation and Maintenance PMC - Project Management Consultants PMO - Project Management Office SSF - Slow Sand Filter STWSSSP-1 - Small Towns Water Supply Sanitation Sector Project Phase 1 TA - Technical Assistance TL - Transmission Line TDF - Town Development Fund TNA - Training Need Assessment TPO - Town Project Office UN-Habitat - United Nations Settlement Programme US $ - United State Dollar VDC - Village Development Committee WHO - World Health Organization WS - Water Supply WSSDO - Water Supply and Sanitation Divisional Office WTP - Water Treatment Plant WUA - Water User Association WUSC - Water User and Sanitation Committee Final Report March 2012

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The main objective of the study is to identify specific measures and actions to improve technical, institutional, and financial performance of the water supply schemes in 29 small towns by undertaking a detailed assessment of the status of these schemes, thereby helping improve the financial condition of TDF. The issue needs to be handled sensitively along with the improved operation of the system so that there is better repayment from the WUSCs to TDF. Initially inception report was submitted followed by detailed desk review of 29 towns, which was based on analysis of documents and information available on the Town Projects. This was followed by a presentation of the desk review and inception report to the stakeholders. Subsequently, field visits to all 29 towns were made by the Team. Ten to twenty four working hours were spent on each town depending on the necessity and availability of information. Appropriate meeting and interaction programs were held with management committees', focus groups and representative of political parties and municipalities and VDCs. The Final Report has been prepared rigorously considering all three different components, i.e. technical, social and financial. Technical In the first Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project (2001-2008), 29 towns were selected of which 14 towns had surface water sources, 11 had ground water source and remaining 4 had both surface and ground water sources (Combined Water – CW). It was found that actual rate of household connection is about 72% of planned household connection in all the town projects implemented under STWSSSP-1. Similarly actual rate of household connections is about 80%, 62% and 70% of planned household connection in surface water based projects, ground water based projects and combined water based projects, respectively. The main reason behind low household connections in ground water projects is due to availability of cheap alternate sources and less hardship to fetch water. Present production discharge (Qp) of town project and design discharge (Qd) has been compared for each town project. Average Qp/Qd of 14 exclusively surface-water based projects is about 73%. Similarly, average Qp/Qd of 11 exclusively ground-water based projects is about 50%. In case of projects which are based on both surface water and ground water sources, average Qp/Qd has been found to be about 56%. In totality, total production of all town projects implemented under STWSSSP-1 is estimated as about 51 million liters per day (mld), which is about 60% of envisaged production volume. It is clear from the assessment of system/sub-system of town projects (which are based on surface water sources) present production in most of the towns is low due to depletion of sources and other technical reasons. The problem of depleting water sources is a global phenomenon and mainly attributed to phenomenon of climate change. Similarly, it is clear from the assessment of the system/sub-system of town projects (which are based partly or fully on ground water sources), present production level in most of the town is low, because these town projects are underutilizing their installed well and pumping capacity. WUSCs of these projects are reluctant to use installed generator set or minimize use of generator sets even during prolonged hours of power failure (about 14 to 16 hours in a day) Due to various limitations, consumption and NRW of 27 out of 29 towns have been estimated. In totality, average consumption of 27 towns is about 78 lpcd. Per capita consumption of solely ground water based project is about 85 lpcd. In town projects which are based solely on surface water and combined water systems (ground water as well surface water), the per capita consumption is estimated as 74 lpcd. Despite producing only 50% of designed discharge there is higher water consumption in predominantly ground water based projects. This is mainly due to Final Report March 2012 low household connections (only 62% of envisaged HHs connection) and comparatively low system losses than other type of projects. Service hours and residual head on water tap of town project have been found different for most of the towns and within the town. Therefore, weighted average values for service hour and residual head have been estimated. As per estimate, average of weighted average service hours and residuals head of 29 towns is 11.8 hours and 4.3 m, respectively. As per reporting, most of the town projects have fully metered connections except for few connections for religious institution and government school/s. However, in five town water distribution systems significant proportions of household connections do not have meters. In totality about 4.2% of total HH connections do not have metered connections. Water balance of 27 town projects has been carried out in order to estimate non revenue water (NRW) of the town project. The International Water Association (IWA) ‘best practice’ standard water balance format has been used for estimation of NRW. Out of 27 towns, only 13 towns have NRW in the range of 13 to 39%. However, 14 towns have NRW of more than 40%. Problem of higher NRW is a complex issue. It is difficult or immature to pinpoint any single reason for such higher NRW. It is a combination of technical as well as management issues. The approach to reducing NRW includes a set of activities aimed at the optimization of water supply through improved operations, maintenance, and sound management practices of distribution networks. In order to maintain NRW reduction programs that have been effective and sustainable also need to be included in overall institutional and organizational reforms. Physical and chemical parameters of water in most of the towns are within the guideline range of drinking water quality prescribed by WHO. Similarly, higher turbidity (10 NTU) has been found in one town project. Sampled water of three projects has higher concentration of Iron. Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a terminology for any industry for performance measurement. The KPI of all the 29 towns have been developed to be used as a benchmark for the future. The developed KPI of 29 towns are also compared with cities of Asia and Pacific region, cities of Southeast Asia and KUKL (former NWSC). Most of the town projects do not have technical capability to handle operational issues. Most of the implemented towns have suffered smooth transition after completion of implementation and initial operating phase. Most of the towns do not have full technical support and guidance from any institutions. The performances of few towns are very encouraging where technical support from DWSS or other institutions are available. Finally, performances of projects implemented under STWSSSP-1 have more operational related problems rather than other issues. The various technical problems and social issues are also responsible to create the operational problems. Social and Institutional The social and institutional aspects is framed to cover the areas such as household coverage, institutional capacity, political and social environment, copping method, capacity of host local government, and inclusiveness and consideration to the poor HHs. In overall average 75 percent of planned population in the project service areas is benefitted by the town projects. However, if total population (which also includes squatter settlements, but not included in planning phase) in the service areas is taken into consideration about 55 percent of population has access to drinking water from the town projects. Activeness and efficiency of WUSC is assessed in terms of frequency of meetings, decision making process, transparency, formation of sub-committees and coordination with local governments. The finding reveals that 76 percent of WUSCs are active and efficient to carry out Final Report March 2012 the operation and maintenance responsibilities, 7 percent are active but less efficient, and 17 percent are inactive and inefficient compared to others. The VDCs and municipalities are major stakeholders of the small town project where they are the guarantors of the loan. In general, the financial indicators of the local governments reflect that it will not be easy for them to bear the loan capacity of the towns and they have also not demonstrated ownership in this project. The amount to be paid for monthly water charge is less than 5 percent of beneficiary’s monthly income and the financing gap is positive for all individual town projects except one, which implies that the tariff fixed by individual towns is within the financial capacity of the beneficiaries. The current water charge fixed by the WUSC is also significantly less than the economic cost for getting water from other alternate sources. The analysis of the provided data reveals 27.88 percent of poor HHs in the project service area have benefitted from the project. Whereas, for average income group category more than 60 percent of the HHs in the service area have availed the benefits from the Project. Provision of community tap, subsidy in tap connection charge, provision of payment of connection charge in installment basis, establishment of revolving fund, awareness programme and mobilization of external possible fund including LG’s fund could be various viable considerations for increasing tap connections to the poor HHs. In general, disputes in the source, low efficiency of management committees, low number of efficient staff along with low level of motivation are major identified issues. In addition, weak coordination with local governments, low awareness and financial constraints of poor HHs have also attributed to the low HHs coverage. These issues need to be addressed in order to improve the overall performance of the project. Financial The financial aspect covered areas such as number of tap connections, tariff, connection fees, water consumption, O & M and debt service, collection of water charges, loan rescheduling etc. When comparing the planned year 2011 with the actual of the same period (FY 2067/68), the following findings were observed: The number of tap connection in average is 72%. If the best five towns which have more than 100% connections and six worst towns having less than 60% connections are taken out then average connection is 74.9%. Highest tap connection percentage in the towns is 143% and the lowest is 16% than planned. The water consumption is observed to be only 57% of planned consumption. This is because of low tap connection and availability of alternate cheaper sources. Tariffs presently fixed, are mostly too low to recover costs, resulting in poor utility performance. Only twelve towns have fixed tariff more than 90% in line with TDF recommendation. The weighted average tariff of 28 towns as planned was NRS 212 (US $ 2.83) and in actual for the same period, it was found to be NRs. 153 (US $ 2.04).The minimum tariff for 10 cm ranges from NRS 100 to NRS 300 in the planned period, whereas in actual data it ranged from NRS 38 to NRS 300. The planned average connection fee was NRS 5950 whereas in actual it was NRS 9286. There is wide variation in the range of connection fees. It ranged from NRS 500 to NRS 27500 in actual whereas in the planned data the ranges were from NRS 3217 to NRS 9286. Out of 28 towns (excluding Walling) it is found that with their current revenue (including connection cost), only 12 towns can meet both O & M and Debt Service expenses, 10 can meet O & M expenses and 6 towns cannot meet both O & M and Debts service expenses. The collection of water charges was observed very encouraging with 21 towns having collection percentage in exceedance of 80%. Final Report March 2012

It is found that 7 towns the proposed assumptions does not require rescheduling and can meet the O & M expenses as well as debt service. In case of other 21 towns they require rescheduling along with the proposed assumption. In general, financial analysis shows that the common reason for low and delayed repayment is due to low revenue generated which was inadequate to repay loan and cover debt service. The low revenue resulted was from delay in construction of project, small number of tap connection, low tariff, less water discharge from sources and damage due to natural calamities. Major Issues Identified and Suggestions Recommended The major technical issues are related to the implementation and optimum functionality which has further linkages to design and installation of electro-mechanical equipment, WTPs and joining of large diameter HDPE pipes among others. Other issues are source depletion and natural calamities, failure of groundwater wells, condition of water treatment plants etc. The major social issues identified are source dispute, low efficiency in the absence of work division, non skillful staff and feeble coordination with local governments in few towns. Similarly the major issues observed in management, commonly in most of the towns, are setting of low water tariffs, low tap connections, paying high monthly electricity bill and fuel expenses which have compounded the problems, whereby the WUSCs are unable to rectify even regular maintenance problems let alone pay back the loan amount to TDF. In light of this it is important that some investment be made to rectify existing problems in each town and optimize their operations. However, such investments need to be augmented with proper capacity building activities focusing primarily on the management aspects. Investment recommended for capacity building is essential to develop technical skills to enhance utility management by making required repairs, operation of WTP and reducing present NRW. Administrative skills for systematic Book-keeping, collect revenue to cover the recurring cost of maintenance, operating expenses, repayment of loans and using billing software to maximize the output are essential. Based on field assessments and related information provided by the respective town, an investment package has been developed to rectify and improve the operations of the 29 towns. The physical investment required for each town project has been classified into two categories. These are 1) Rectification & Remedial works and 2) Extension works. The Rectification and Remedial works primarily comprises of works which require immediate implementation to resolve or rectify existing problem which are main causes of not reaping complete benefits from the projects. On the other hand, extension works is required to increase water supply facilities to larger population which eventually increases household connections and population coverage. The total net investment required for 29 towns with additional 10% physical contingency, 10% contingencies for price adjustment and including Value Added Taxes (VAT) of 13% is estimated as NRs. NRs. 590.05 million. The recommendation and suggestions have been divided into four parts - Technical, Social, Financial and General. The key suggestions and recommendation related to rectifying existing problems and improving performance are additional Investment required for rectifying the technical issues and improvement in the capacity of WUSCs, strengthening the financial position of TDF through converting the government loan of TDF into equity, development of resource center or technical mobile service to solve their technical and financial issues as and when need arises, establishment of support fund to invest in urgent situation such as damage due to natural calamities and other unavoidable circumstances. It is highly recommended to set up the pre-conditions to these 29 towns on tariff adjustment, increment on tap connection, payment of TDF debt, reduction on NRW etc before injecting any additional investment. Final Report March 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND ...... 1 2. OBJECTIVE ...... 1 3. LOCATION OF THE WORK ...... 1 4. SOURCES OF INFORMATION ...... 2 5. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY...... 2 6. METHODOLOGY OPTED ...... 3 7. ASSUMPTIONS ...... 3 8. OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOWNS ...... 3 8.1 Technical Aspects ...... 3 8.1.1 General ...... 3 8.1.2 Type of Project ...... 4 8.1.3 Completeness Assessment ...... 4 8.1.4 Connection Rate of Households Connection ...... 5 8.1.5 Assessment of Service Quality ...... 7 8.1.6 Consumption of Water ...... 10 8.1.7 Service Hours and Coverage ...... 11 8.1.8 Residual Head ...... 12 8.1.9 Metering Practices...... 13 8.1.10 Water Balance and Non Revenue Water ...... 13 8.1.11 Water Quality ...... 16 8.1.12 Assessment of Technical Quality & Deficiencies and Reasons ...... 16 8.1.13 Key Performance Indicators ...... 17 8.1.14 Conclusion ...... 19 8.2 Social, Institutional and Governance Aspects ...... 21 8.2.1 Population Coverage ...... 21 8.2.2 Existence and Activeness of Water Users and Sanitation Committee ...... 23 8.2.3 Ability to pay in Average Income Group and poverty Group ...... 26 8.2.4 Affordability and Financing Gap ...... 26 8.2.5 Institutional Capacity of WUSC ...... 27 8.2.6 Social and political environment for sustainable water supply: ...... 28 8.2.7 Disputes ...... 29 8.2.8 Coping Method ...... 29 8.2.9 Capacity of Local Government ...... 30 8.2.10 Inclusiveness and Consideration to Poor HHs ...... 31 8.2.11 Major Social Issues ...... 32 8.2.12 Conclusion ...... 33 8.3 Financial Aspects ...... 33 8.3.1 General ...... 33 8.3.2 Tap Connection ...... 33

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8.3.3 Tariffs ...... 34 8.3.4 Connection Fees ...... 35 8.3.5 Water Consumption ...... 36 8.3.6 O & M and Debt Service ...... 36 8.3.7 Collection of Water Charges ...... 38 8.3.8 Human Resource and Capacity Development ...... 38 8.3.9 Loan Rescheduling ...... 39 8.3.10 Conclusion ...... 39 9. MAJOR ISSUES AND PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED ...... 40 10. PROPOSED REMEDIAL MEASURES AND INVESTMENT REQUIRED ...... 41 10.1 Capacity Building ...... 41 10.2 Physical Investment for the Remedial Measures ...... 41 11. PRECONDITIONS SET FOR TOWNS TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES ...... 44 12. SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 44 12.1 Technical ...... 44 12.2 Social ...... 45 12.3 Financial ...... 45 12.4 General ...... 46

LIST OF TABLE Table 1 : Details of Project Type Based on Production System ...... 4 Table 2 : Present Production Discharge to Design Discharge of Surface Water Project ...... 7 Table 3 : Present production discharge to design discharge of ground water project ...... 8 Table 4 : Present production discharge to design discharge of combined water project ...... 8 Table 5 : Service Hours of Water in Different Service Area ...... 11 Table 6 : Residual Head on Service Households and Coverage ...... 12 Table 7 : Non-metered connection ...... 13 Table 8 : Estimated Non Revenue Water of Town Water Supply System of last Fiscal Year ...... 14 Table 9 : Main reason for Higher NRW ...... 15 Table 10 : Comparisons of KPIs of 29 towns (average value) with other utilities ...... 18 Table 11 : Average value of KPIs for Completeness Assessment of 29 towns ...... 19 Table 12 : Percentage of Planned Population Coverage by Town ...... 22 Table 13 : Activeness of WUSC by Town ...... 23 Table 14 : Regularly of General Assembly Meeting by Town ...... 24 Table 15 : Regularity of WUSC Meeting ...... 24 Table 16 : Decision Making Mechanism ...... 25 Table 17 : Status of Sub-committee ...... 25 Table 18 : Sufficiency of Staff ...... 28 Table 19 : Social and Political Environment by Town ...... 29 Table 20 : Tariff Status range fixed on the recommendation of TDF proposed ...... 34

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Table 21 : Connection Fees Status of Planned Year (2011) vs Actual Year 2011 (FY 2067/68) ...... 35 Table 22 : Towns Status of managing O & M and Debt Service in 2011 (FY 2067/68) ...... 36 Table 23 : Collection of Water Charges Range ...... 38 Table 24 : Town Status on Loan Rescheduling...... 39 Table 25 : Total Additional Investment Requirement for 29 Towns ...... 42 Table 26 : Net Additional Investment Requirement for 29 Towns ...... 43

LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1 : Location Map 29 Towns under STWSSSP-1 ...... 2 Figure 2 : Actual Household Connections to Planned HHs Connections (%) ...... 6 Figure 3 : Town Wise Water Consumption ...... 10 Figure 4 : Town wise Population Coverage ...... 22 Figure 5 : Comparison of Planned and Actual no. of Staff ...... 27

ANNEXES

Annex G-1: Detail Location of the Towns Annex G-2: Name of water Sanitation Committees of town project Annex G-3: Number of participants in interaction Meeting Annex G-4: Major Issues and finding Observed of 29 town Projects Annex G-5-A: Trainings, Exposure Visit and Other Studies required for capacity Development of WUSC Annex G-5-B: Tentative Budget Required for Capacity Development of WUSC Annex G-6: Envisaged town-wise Improvement with Proposed additional Investment. Annex G-7: Pre-conditions set for towns to obtain additional finical resources Annex G-8A: Key Performance Indicator Implemented under STWSSSP-1 Annex G-6: Key Performance Indicator for Completeness Assessment of Project.

Annex T-1: Results on Physical Parameters of Water Quality Samples Annex T-2: Detail Estimation on Investment Requirement

Annex S-1: Population Coverage in the Service Areas Annex S-2: Household Coverage by Economic Status Annex S-3: Summary of Institutional Aspects of 29 Towns Annex S-4: Ability to Pay in Average Income and Low Income Groups Annex S-5: Affordability and Financing Gap Annex S-6: Institutional Capacity Annex S-7: Available Sources of Water before the Project Annex S-8: Copping Methods and Costs Annex S-9: Institutional Capacity of Host VDCs Annex S-10: Internal Revenue of Host VDCs Annex S-11: Institutional Capacity of Host Municipalities Annex S-12: Internal Revenue of Host Municipalities

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Annex S-13: Connection Charges and Cost for Poor HHs Connections

Annex F-1: Plan Vs Actual Data on Taps and Tariff Annex F-2: Plan Vs Actual Data on Connection Fees and Water Consumption Annex F-3: Financial Status on O&M Expenses and Debt services. Annex F-4: Status on NRW and Collection of Water Charges. Annex F-5A: Planned Human Resource of 2011. Annex F-5B: Status of Actual Planned Human Resource of 2011. Annex F-6: Loan Status Annex F-7: Expenses on O&M, Debt Service and Incomes from Connection Fees Annex F-8: Financial Projection Worksheet of Towns

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1. BACKGROUND 1. Asian Development Bank had provided financial assistance to Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP-1) - Loan 1755-NEP. The duration of the project was from 2001- 2006 and the period was further extended to the year 2008 for project completion. 2. The STWSSSP-I provided services in 29 out of the 209 towns that the Government of Nepal identified, following the demand-driven, interactive procedure intended to ensure full participation of the local water users' group. The objective of the project was to provide water supply facilities. Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MPPW) was the executing agency and Department of Water supply and Sewerage (DWSS) was the implementing agency. 3. A subsidiary loan agreement was signed between the Ministry of Finance (MOF) and the Town Development Fund (TDF) on 5 March 2001 to provide the sub loans to Water Users Sanitation Committee (WUSC) in each town. Poor repayment by WUSC to the TDF has been a concern as it caused the TDF to default its payment to the Government. Majority of these WUSCs are facing financial constraint due to poor tariff collection, technical functionality of the systems, and/or other social problems. The repayment rate was 41 % as of February 2011 and it marginally increased to 41.38 % as of 16 July 2011 (FY 2067/68). The debt of TDF to the Government under STWSSSP-I accounts to more than 70% of the total debt of TDF.

2. OBJECTIVE 4. The main objective of the study is to identify specific measures and actions to improve technical, institutional, and financial performance of the water supply schemes in 29 small towns by undertaking a detailed assessment of the status of these schemes, thereby helping improve the financial condition of the TDF. The issue needs to be handled sensitively together with the improved operation of the system so that there is better repayment from the WUSCs to the TDF.

3. LOCATION OF THE WORK 5. The field visit was made at all 29 towns located in five Regions of Nepal. 6. Out of 29 towns 3 are in Far western (Attariya, Lamki and Mahendranagar); 5 are located in Mid Western (Bijuwar, Birendranagar, Kohalpur, Ghorahi and Tulsipur); 10 are in Western (Bandipur, Beni, Bardghat, Kawaswoti, Khairenitar, Kusma, Lekhnath, Prithivinarayan, Sunwal and Waling); 4 in Central (Bardibas, Kamalamai, Parsa and Ratnanagar) and 7 are located in Eastern Region (Belbari, Birtamod, Budhabare, Fikkal, Itahari, Surunga and Triyuga) of Nepal. 7. Out of 29 town project, 11 towns are in municipality and rests are in VDC covering 21 districts of Nepal. The location map of the 29 towns is shown in Figure 1 and a detail of its location is in Annex G-1. Name of the WUSC as per town based given in Annex G-2.

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Figure 1 : Location Map 29 Towns under STWSSSP-1

4. SOURCES OF INFORMATION 8. This report is based on the information obtained from the project documents made available from DWSS and TDF including the Engineering Design, Project Completion, Financial Appraisal and Socio-Economic Reports, WUSCs' provided financial data and audit report. Additional information was obtained through interaction with WUSC committee members, representative political parties, municipalities, VDC and focus group during field visit of 29 towns. This was further supplemented by other reports and information obtained from studies conducted by MLD, DWSS and TDF.

5. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 9. The limitation of the study is as follows: ♦ The set of complete documents was not available for most of the towns and therefore difficult to get the required relevant information. ♦ In some instance the information of same project report differed in different reports. Due to unavailability of uniform information it was difficult to find out the actual correct information. ♦ In few projects it was observed that financial appraisal was done prior to the date of final report submission. ♦ Non Availability of Actual Required Information and data in some towns

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♦ Uniformity of Financial document lacking

6. METHODOLOGY OPTED ♦ Inception Report Prepared ♦ Planned data was collected and noted during desk review study ♦ Field visit of all 29 towns were made in seven trips from 9th July 2011 to 25th October 2011. ♦ Spent minimum of 10 to 24 working hours in each town depending on the necessity and availability of information ♦ One to two hours was employed with WUSC in delivering team objective of the visit and taking their general view of the project. ♦ Three separate groups – Financial, Technical and Social - were formed among the WUSC members of the committee in order to manage time efficiency. ♦ Gathered information through site visit, focus group and interaction made and relevant information has been collected with the help of the group formed. ♦ Quick analysis was done and on this basis information was disseminated to committees' member and representative of political parties and municipalities and Village Development Committees during wrap-up meeting of each town.

7. ASSUMPTIONS ♦ Analysis has been made on the basis of provided data from users' committee. ♦ Actual data of FY 2067/68 has been considered for comparison of planned data of 2011. ♦ Actual Base Year is considered from the year in which water sale revenue is generated where as planned base year is considered as assumed on the engineering design report. ♦ To maintain the uniformity tap connection fees and other income has been considered as operating income. ♦ The calculation has been made taken as US $1 = NRs. 75.00. ♦ The actual cost of the individual town project is taken from project completion report. But in case of unavailability of project completion report it is calculated on the basis of actual disbursement made by TDF.

8. OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF THE TOWNS 10. The following sections briefly describe the present functional status of the 29 towns and associated problems requiring support from the Implementing Agencies. The assessment is based on recent field observations and first hand information obtained from WUSCs of respective towns.

8.1 Technical Aspects 8.1.1 General 11. This section focuses on technical aspects of 29 towns implemented under the Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project. Brief description of each town project based on desk study, field visits and discussion with concerned WUSC has been attached in separate Volume of Supplementary Town wise Report (Volume II).

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8.1.2 Type of Project 12. In the first Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project (2001-2008), twenty nine Small Towns were implemented. Out of 29 town projects, in 14 town projects water sources are surface water (herein referred as surface water project), in 11 town projects water sources are ground water (herein referred as ground water project) and in remaining 4 town projects water sources are surface and ground water sources both (herein referred as combined water project). The details of implemented town projects based on water sources are presented in Table 1.

Table 1 : Details of Project Type Based on Production System

No. of Source Water Type Name of Town Project Project

Attariya, Belbari, Birtamod, Itahari, Kohalpur, Lamki, Ground Water Pumping 11 Mahendranagar, Parsa, Ratnanagar, Sunwal and Surunga

Bardibas, Beni, Birendranagar, Fikkal, Kamalamai, Gravity 11 Kawaswoti, Khairenitar, Kusma, Lekhnath, Triyuga and Walling Surface Water Pumping 1 Bijuwar

Gravity 2 Prithivinarayan and Bandipur +Pumping

Ground Water + Pumping + 4 Bardghat, Budhabare, Ghorahi and Tulsipur Surface Water Gravity

13. It has been observed during field visits of 29 towns, surface water sources has been given first priority in order to fulfill demand of design year, where surface water source/s are available. In town projects where surface water source was deemed inadequate to meet demand, additional water had been tapped from ground water sources to supplement deficit design discharge. Combination of surface and ground water sources had been selected in order to decrease operation cost. Similarly, old system or scheme has been incorporate to new town system in order to decrease capital investment. Town projects in the Terai , where using surface water sources is not feasible, groundwater has been tapped. 14. As per field observation, Prithivinarayan and Kawaswoti water supply town projects have decided to augment their water supply with tubewells. Tubewells have been bored and installed in order to supplement surface water production in these town projects. Similarly, old redundant pumping scheme using sump-well has been brought into re-operation in Bardibas Town Project. This arrangement has been started from last year as the water sources of these three towns have depleted considerably. 8.1.3 Completeness Assessment 15. As completion reports of 12 towns are not available, it is difficult to assess completeness of those projects. Some of the WUSCs believed that the project is still not complete because handover of some project has never been done officially by the Contractors. Completion drawings are not available in many projects. Similarly, maintenance manuals are not available in all projects. Therefore, there is a problem in extension of distribution lines and control valve operation in regular supply and maintenance. 16. It is the responsibility of DWSS to make available these completion documents to concerned WUSCs. On the other hand some of the WUSCs are very week in maintaining available - 4 -

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documents on their office due to lack of knowledge about its importance during operation and maintenance. 17. Out of 29 town projects, Walling town project has not been completed due to problem of water rights. There was a dispute on major water sources (Lalupate and its tributaries) during implementation and the disputed issue of water right has not been resolved yet. Although, presently the total system produces about 31% of total envisaged discharge in Walling town project, large households are not connected to town water system. Substantial work had not been completed in implementation phase as per the contract. 18. As per available information and discussions with the concerned WUSC, in general most of the town projects have been implemented as per drawing and design. However, large changes have been observed in three town projects namely Kamalamai, Triyuga and Kawaswoti during implementation. 19. The large changes made on these three projects have mixed implications. In case of Kawaswoti town project, the changes during implementation enhance the reliability of production system whereas in Kamalamai, the system discharge has been decreased by one third and sizing of reservoir and distribution network system are not fully synchronized. In case of Triyuga, problem of distribution system arises due to changes in pipe sizes in distribution system. However, all necessary formalities have been carried out during implementation period and all concerns authorities are aware of these changes. 20. Planned production sump-well system had not been implemented in Kamalamai town project, which is the main cause of low present production. About 33% design discharge has been envisaged during planning from this pumping arrangement. Similarly, significant changes have been observed in implementation from actual design in distribution system of Kamalamai and Triyuga town project. 21. In case of Kawaswoti, it has been planned to tap water from three different water sources. As, canal source had been rejected during implementation due to highly turbid water and other water right problems, additional parallel separate transmission pipe line of HDPE had been laid by WUSC (with their own budget) in order to increase reliability of the transmission system during implementation of the project. 8.1.4 Connection Rate of Households Connection 22. Household connections of each town project have been compared with envisaged household connections for last fiscal year (FY 67/68). The envisaged household connections of each town have been interpolated from respective design reports of town project for last fiscal year. The compared household connections of each town have been presented Figure 2.

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Figure 2 : Actual Household Connections to Planned HHs Connections (%)

23. Almost in five town projects actual HHs connection of the town water supply system have been found more than 100% than the planned connections. Similarly, actual household connections in nine town water supply projects have been found in the range of 80 to 100% of planned household connections. However, actual household connections in six towns have achieved less than 50% of planned household connections. 24. Low rate of actual household connections than envisaged during planning has been attributed to many reasons. The major reason in almost all the town projects is that average growth rate of town had been assumed during study phase without triangulating present and future land use pattern. Hence population growths of service areas have been taking in new areas of the town than what was envisaged earlier. Therefore, some potential streets of the service area do not have distribution pipes for household connection. 25. The next reason is due to implementation of other WS system by different agencies during implementation or initial operational years of town project. 26. Other reason is due to poor quality and reliability of the town water supply projects where alternate water source are available. Therefore people are reluctant to join HHs connection from town system. 27. In totality the actual rate of Household connection is about 72% of planned household connection in entire town projects implemented under STWSSP-1. Similarly actual rate of household connections is about 80%, 62% and 70% of planned household connection in surface water based project, ground water based project and combined water based project, respectively. 28. The main reason for low household connection in ground water projects, which are located predominately in Terai region, is due to availability of cheap alternate sources (such as hand - 6 -

Final Report March 2012

pump and dug-well), and less hardship to fetch water. As hardship increases due to unavailability of alternate sources, the rate of household connection increases. This has been illustrated by surface water based town projects. Expect two town projects, Triyuga and Bijuwar, out of fourteen town project based on surface water, the actual household connection rate is more than 73%. The main reason of low rate Household Connections in Bijuwar town project is due to non-incorporating of old scheme. The envisaged incorporation of old Badula Scheme could not be integrated into new town system due to various social and technical reasons. 29. Similarly, mismanagement is main reason of low rate of Household connection in Triyuga town project. Presently, WUSC do not have information on exact numbers of HHs connection in their service area. 30. Assessment of actual rate of Household connection has been also carried out by not considering top five and worst six town projects with respect to household connections. As per the assessment, considering only 18 town project, the actual Household connection is about 74%. 8.1.5 Assessment of Service Quality Production 31. Production of town water supply system has been grouped in three categories, as per types of town project (predominantly type of water production sources). These are projects based on surface water sources, ground water sources and combined ground water and surface water sources. 32. Present production discharge of town project which are based predominantly on surface water sources, present production discharges have been compared with design discharges of respective town (Qp/Qd) and presented in Table 2.

Table 2 : Present Production Discharge to Design Discharge of Surface Water Project

S. Town Qp/Qd (%) No.

1 Beni 97.8% 2 Kusma 95.6% 3 Fikkal 93.4% 4 Khairenitar 90.6% 5 Kawaswoti 89.8% 6 Bardibas 82.9% 7 Birendranagar 80.8% 8 Lekhnath 77.5% 9 Triyuga 73.8% 10 Bandipur 50.2% 11 Kamalamai 44.4% 12 Prithivinarayan 36.5% 13 Bijuwar 34.5% 14 Walling 32.8%

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33. Average Qp/Qd of 14 solely surface-water based project is about 73%. About 50% of these types of town projects are running with production capacity of more than 80% of design discharge. Only 4 town projects, based on surface source/s, are producing less than 50% of design discharge. 34. Present production capacity of town projects which are based on ground water (ground water project) has been also analyzed. As production capacity of ground water projects are also based on operation period of installed pump, average daily pump hours of system/s has been also collected and presented. Production discharges have been compared with design discharges of respective town (Qp/Qd) and presented in Table 3.

Table 3 : Present production discharge to design discharge of ground water project

Average Daily Pump Operating Hours (Hrs) S. No. Town Qp/Qd (%) Sub-system 1 Sub-system 2 Sub-system 3

1 Ratnanagar 84.4% 15 15.7 2 Itahari 64.6% 13.5 8.5 4.1 3 Birtamod 56.9% 19 12 8 4 Parsa 55.9% 10.4 5 Mahendranagar 48.6% 9.9 6 Surunga 44.8% 11.6 7 Lamki 39.2% 10 8 Attariya 37.6% 7.9 9 Kohalpur 29.2% 17 10 Sunwal 18.6% 12.5 11 Belbari 11.0% 4.8

35. Average Qp/Qd of 11 solely ground-water based projects is about 50%. Only four town projects of this type are running at more than 50% of design discharge capacity. 36. Similarly, present production capacities of town project which are based on both ground and surface water sources have been analyzed. Present production discharges have been compared with design discharges of respective town (Qp/Qd) for both ground water and surface water production sub-system. The total production of town system has been also compared with design discharges and presented in Table 4.

Table 4 : Present production discharge to design discharge of combined water project

Average Daily Pump Operating Qp/Qd (%) Total Hours (Hrs) S. Town System No. Surface Ground Qp/Qd (%) Water Sub- Water Sub- Sub-system 1 Sub-system 2 system system

1 Ghorahi 59.7% 60% 48% 14.6 12.2 2 Tulsipur 56.5% 44% 35% 13.1 12.2 3 Budhabare 55.6% 100% 61% 9.1 4 Bardghat 47.2% 46% 41% 8.2

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37. Average Qp/Qd of total four town systems, which are based on both surface water and ground water (combined), have been estimated at about 56%. The average present production capacities of both sub-systems (surface water and ground water sub-system) are about half of envisaged discharge or design discharge. 38. It is clear from above two tables (Table 2 and 4), in most of system or sub-system of town projects which are based on surface water sources (which are partly or fully based on surface water) is low due to depleting of sources and other technical reasons. The problem of depleting water sources may be related to climate change. 39. Depletion of river sources is main cause of low production in Bandipur and Prithivinarayan town projects which are based on gravity and surface water pumping system. It has been reported by WUSC that the lower discharges in Source Rivers during dry period of last year is an extreme event. In both projects, water sources have been depleted by more than 60% of envisaged safe yield. 40. In addition to that the transmission system and its components of pumping system especially of Prihvinarayan town project are not functioning well during failure of city power supply. The system has been designed for continuous 18 hrs of pumping in a day during dry period, which is not possible due to power failure for more than 16 hours in day during dry season. Therefore, the pumping production system is not well synchronized for such power failure. 41. Similarly, the Bijuwar town project entirely depends upon pumping. The sump-well designed for water production is not functioning well. Whereas in Kamalamai town project, a sump-well and pumping arrangement (contributing about 33% of design discharge) has not been implemented resulting in low production of water in the town water supply system. 42. Source dispute is the major issue for low production of the system in Walling town project. Only one third of envisaged design discharge has been tapped. . 43. Productions of town project which are partly dependent upon surface water system are mainly due to technical reason. However, depletion of surface water sources is also reported and observed in these towns. The magnitude of source depletion in these projects has not been observed to be very significant. These towns are Gorahi, Tulsipur and Bardghat. The main reason for low production discharges on surface water sub-system of these town systems is due to problem of transmission line and its components. 44. It is clear from two tables (Table 3 and 4), most of the system or sub-system of town projects, which are based on ground water sources (partly or fully), is low. Except for few towns like Attariya, Kohalpur, Birtamod and Gorahi, all system/s based on ground water sources are underutilizing their installed well and pumping arrangements. As per design report, maximum of 14 to 18 hours pumping operation have been allocated in production design of installed tubewells of these system/s. The main reason for low hours of operation of installed pumping arrangements is not using stand-by generator regularly during breakdown of power supply. Since the operational cost of the generator is very high in comparison to town electrical supply, WUSCs are reluctant to use generator sets. The operation cost of diesel generator set is more than 5 folds than regular power supply from the grid. Power failure for more than 16 hours in a day during dry period had not been envisaged during feasibility study of all projects. 45. Problem of low safe yield and cases of complete failure of installed tubewell is main problem of Attariya and Kohalpur town project.

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46. In totality, total production of all town projects implemented under STWSSP-1 is estimated about 51 million liters per day (mld), which is about 60% of envisaged production volume. 8.1.6 Consumption of Water 47. As NRW of towns water supply system also plays a vital role to draw conclusion on consumption level of water for town project, average daily consumption per person from consummation and production side have been estimated and illustrated in Figure 3. Average household size provided in design report has been taken from design report.

Figure 3 : Town Wise Water Consumption

48. As the information on consumption of Lamki and Walling town projects are not available, per capita consumption of these towns could not be estimated. 49. Out of analyzed twenty-seven town projects, nine town projects have per capita consumption of equal or more than 90 liters per day. 50. Per capita consumptions of nine towns have been found lower than 60 lpcd although per capita productions of most of these town systems are high. The main reason for high per capita production and low per capita consumption is due to high system losses and NRW. 51. In totality, average consumption of 27 towns is about 78 lpcd. Per capita consumption of solely ground water based project is about 85 lpcd. In town projects which area based solely on surface water and combined water system (ground water as well surface water) have consumption of 74 lpcd. 52. Despite producing only 50% of designed discharge there is higher water consumption in predominantly ground water based projects. This is mainly due to low household connection (only 62% of envisaged HHs connection) and comparatively low NRW of about 40%.

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8.1.7 Service Hours and Coverage 53. Service hours of town project for distribution supply have been found different for most of the town. In many towns where there are more than one distribution systems, the daily service hours of distribution within the town system is different. Therefore, distribution hours of a day and percentage of coverage of service area have been categorized for every town and presented in Table 5. The average weighted daily service hours have been also estimated and presented in Table 5.

Table 5 : Service Hours of Water in Different Service Area

Daily Service Hours (HRs) and Coverage Weighted Minimum Service hours Maximum Service Hours (HRs) Average Name of Town (HRs) and Coverage and Coverage Service hours

Service Service Coverage (%) Coverage (%) HRs. HRs. HRs.

Beni, Fikkal, Lamki, Parsa, 24 100% 24 100% 24 Ratnanagar and Surunga Itahari 10 10% 24 90% 22.6 Bardghat 9 23% 24 77% 20.6 Triyuga 10 46% 24 64% 20.0 Birtamod 17 100% 17 100% 17.0 Budhabare 9 65% 24 35% 14.3 Lekhnath 8 3% 14 97% 13.8 Kawaswoti 9 72% 24 28% 13.2 Belbari 9 78% 14 22% 10.1 Mahendranagar 7 100% 8 100% 7.5 Bandipur* 4 96% 9 100% 6.9 Kusma 5.5 100% 7.5 100% 6.5 Sunwal 6 96% 10 4% 6.2 Khairenitar* 4 100% 7.5 100% 6.0 Attariya 6 100% 6 100% 6.0 Ghorahi 4 5% 5 95% 5.0 Prithivinarayan* 3 100% 6 100% 4.8 Bardibas 4 80% 6 20% 4.4 Tulsipur 3 80% 6 20% 3.6 Birendranagar 2 27% 4 73% 3.5 Waling 2 77% 4 23% 2.5 Kohalpur 2 100% 2 100% 2.0 Kamalamai 1 66% 3 30% 1.6 Bijuwar 1 66% 2 34% 1.3 Note * Seasonal effect on Service Hours.

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8.1.8 Residual Head 54. Information of available residual head on service taps of every town project has been gathered form concern WUSC offices. Provided information on available residual head by WUSC offices has been further triangulated with users and key informants during wrap-up meetings at the individual town. As available residual head on taps vary within the town system, different range of residual head with coverage has been categorized for each town system. The details of residual head and its coverage are shown in Table 6. The average weighted Residual Head on service tap have been also estimated and presented below. 55. Problem of low residual head on tap of few town systems, such as Kamalamai, Mahendranagar, and Tulsipur is due to low metering practices. The problem of low residual head in Birendranagar town is due to leaking distribution sub-system in two major distribution network. Whereas problem of low residual head in other towns are due to frequent joint breaking of distribution pipe mains.

Table 6 : Residual Head on Service Households and Coverage

Residual head in % of HHs Weighted Name of Town Average Residual ≥5m 3 to <5m >1 to 3m ≤1 m Head (m)

Bardghat, Beni, Birtamod, Fikkal;, Itahari, Kawaswoti, Lamki, Parsa, 100% >5.0 Ratnanagar & Surunga Bijuwar 99% 1% 5.0

Budhabare 97% 3% 5.0

Triyuga 99% 0% 1% 0% 5.0 Bandipur* 97% 3% 4.9

Belbari 97% 3% 4.9

Prithivinarayan* 97% 3% 4.9

Sunwal 97% 3% 4.9

Bardibas 79% 21% 0% 4.8

Ghorahi 59% 31% 7% 3% 4.4 Attariya 41% 52% 7% 4.2

Kusma 33% 60% 7% 4.1

Lekhnath 4% 74% 22% 0% 3.6 Mahendranagar 0% 82% 7% 11% 3.5 Khairenitar* 0% 60% 40% 1% 3.2 Tulsipur 24% 39% 8% 29% 3.2 Kohalpur 5% 25% 20% 50% 2.2 Birendranagar 0% 30% 24% 46% 2.1 Kamalamai 0% 6% 90% 4% 2.1

Note * Seasonal effect on Residual Head.

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8.1.9 Metering Practices 56. As per reporting, most of the town projects have fully metered connection except few connections for religious institution and government school/s. In general there is a good metering practice on household connection in most of the town projects. However in five town projects, significant proportions of household connection either do not have metered connection or connected meter are not working condition. These towns are Bardibas, Ghorahi, Kamalamai, Triyuga and Tulsipur. Table 7 illustrates the present metering practices in these town projects. 57. All these five towns are extension of old water supply system/scheme. Out of five towns, four towns (Ghorahi, Tulsipur, Kamalamai and Triyuga) are practicing water distribution without metering. The entire household in these four towns, which were distributed from old distribution systems, do not have water meters in present day distribution system. It had been reported that, locating old HHs connection was a main problem of WUSC in these towns to convert non-metered connection to metered connection. At the same time, these four town project do not have good database of households connected from old system. However, in case of Bardibas town system about 2267 HHs meter are not in working condition.

Table 7 : Non-metered or Non-working meter in connection

Non-metered/Non- Total HHs Percentage of non-metered or non-working Name of Town working meter in Connections meter connection to total connections HHs connections

Ghorahi 4084 313 8%

Bardibas 2267 300 13%

Tulsipur 4109 610 15%

Kamalamai 1722 430 25%

Triyuga 1065 450 42%

58. Significant proportions (about 20 to 50%) of water revenue meters are not working in Mahendranagar, Lamki, and Sunwal town project due to blockage in the water meter, users are by-passing water meter connections. But officially every household have revenue water meter on household connections. 8.1.10 Water Balance and Non Revenue Water Findings 59. Water balance of 27 town project have been carried out in order to estimate non revenue water (NRW) of the town project, Important information are not available for Lamki and Walling town projects to be able to estimate water balance and NRW. The International Water Association (IWA) ‘best practice’ standard water balance format has been used for estimation of NRW. 60. Readings of Bulk Water Meter has been used to estimate production volume of system or sub-system of the town project where Bulk Water Meter readings are available. 61. In surface water production system where Bulk Water Meter readings are not available, discharges have been measured in production system/s at reservoirs by volume-time

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relation. These discharges have been used for estimation of average production volume of the system or sub-system. 62. Similarly in absence of Bulk Water Meter reading in ground water system, average production volume of the system/sub-system has been estimated with the help of consumed electrical unit and time period of generator operation. 63. As production of the system is also available from the consumed unit of electricity in Attariya town project apart from bulk water meter reading, production of the system has been also estimated with the help of consumed electricity units and compared with bulk water meter and validated. 64. The yearly production volume discrepancy of the Attariya system by consumed electricity unit and recorded reading of Bulk Water Meter is less than 1%. As the discrepancy is very small and method used to estimates by consumed electricity units also gives good estimates, consumed electricity units have been used in other ground water based system/s where bulk water meter reading are not available. 65. In all town projects information about apparent losses and physical losses are not available. Similarly, all WUSC claimed that their town WS system does not have any Unbilled Authorized Connection. 66. There are few towns where there are significant proportions of billed authorized non-metered connection. Consumptions of such billed non-metered connection have been estimated with the help of average tap discharge of 0.12 lps for maximum of 2 to 3 hours running for a day. 67. Water balance and NRW of each town and distribution sub-systems of town have been estimated with available information. Detail estimates have been presented in Supplementary town wise report on respective town. The summary table of estimated NRW has been presented in Table 8.

Table 8 : Estimated Non Revenue Water of Town Water Supply System of last Fiscal Year S. No. NRW (%) No. of Name of Town project and NRW % Town Project

1 <20% 3 Ratnanagar (13.7%), Khairenitar (15.8%) and Parsa (18.6%)

2 ≥20 to <30% 5 Surunga (20.7%), Kawaswoti (23.5%), Itahari (25.9), Bardghat (25.9%) and Kusma (26.0%)

3 ≥30 to <40% 5 Budhabare (30.5%), Beni (32.4%), Bandipur (32.4%), Kohalpur (36.3%) and Birtamod (36.45).

4 ≥40 to <50% 4 Birendranagar (41%), Prithivinarayan (43.4%), Lekhnath (45.9%) and Ghorahi (48.4%)

5 ≥50 to <60% 5 Mahendranagar (51.9%), Bardibas (54.9%), Bijuwar (56.2%), Tulsipur (57.2%) and Attariya (59%)

6 ≥60% 5 Sunwal (60.5%), Fikkal (66.7%), Belbari (68.9%) Kamalamai (86%) and Triyuga (88.8%)

68. In totality NRW of 27 town projects (excluding Lamki and Walling) has been estimated as 58.5%

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Main Reason for higher NRW 69. Problem of higher NRW is a complex issue in many town projects. It is difficult or immature to pinpoint any single reason for such higher NRW. It is a combination of technical as well as management issues. However, attempt has been made to list out key major issue responsible for high NRW. Only those towns which has NRW more than 40% has been dealt and presented in table below.

Table 9 : Main reason for Higher NRW S. Town NRW Major Reason for high NRW No. %

Very aged GI pipes in major two distribution sub-system are major 1 Birendranagar 41.0 problem. About 50 to 60% losses of the town system is leaking from older distribution pipes of GI in SS #9 and SS #8 Major problem of high leakage has been observed in sub- 2 Prithivinarayan 43.4 transmission system between service reservoirs. Poor pipe joints of bigger diameter HDPE pipe is main causes of 3 Lekhnath 45.9 high NRW. Non-metering practices and incorporation of old distribution system 4 Gorahi 48.4 without thorough assessment is the main problem. By-passing practice of clogged HHs revenue water meter is the 5 Mahendranagar 51.9 main problem of high NRW. About 70% (1650) meters are from old system of 80’ and these 6 Bardibas 54.9 meters are problematic. These meters are changing by WUSC. About 300 such meters are still to be changed. Joint breaking problem of socket in GI joint and breakings of pipe fittings at GI/HDPE connection are frequent in sub-transmission 7 Bijuwar 56.3 (pipe line from clean reservoir to RVT of sub-systems) is the main reason for high NRW.. Non-metering practices and incorporation of old distribution system 8 Tulsipur 57.2 without thorough assessment is the main problem. Poor pipe joints of bigger diameter HDPE pipe is main causes of 9 Attariya 59.0 high NRW. By-passing practice of clogged HHs revenue water meter is the 10 Sunwal 60.5 main problem of high NRW. Physical losses such as overflow from number of small reservoir is the first cause of high NRW, The second cause is bursting of water 11 Fikkal 66.7 revenue meters and pipes in high pressure zone area of distribution system. Poor pipe joints of bigger diameter HDPE pipe along with poor 12 Belbari 68.9 management practices of WUSC are main causes of high NRW. Non-metering practices in private connection and selling of bulk water to Nepal Army without metering are some of the observed 13 Kamalamai 86.0 issues for high NRW. These issues have been scaled up by poor management of WUSC. Non-metering practices in private connection along with poor 14 Triyuga 88.8 management practice of WUSC are some of the observed issues for high NRW.

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Recommended Suggestions to Control High NRW 70. The approach to reducing NRW includes a set of activities aimed at the optimization of water supply through improved operations, maintenance, and sound management practices of distribution networks. In order to maintain NRW reduction programs that have been effective and sustainable also need to be included in overall institutional and organizational reforms. 71. Similarly, in order to sustain NRW at low levels, the implementation of a holistic reduction strategy should be introduced as an efficient approach to reduce the total NRW in the long term. All WUSC are required to make their own NRW reduction strategies in a holistic way. 8.1.11 Water Quality 72. Physical parameters of water quality such as pH, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solid have been checked in field during field visits for the assessment of water quality of town system. The results obtained from each sample have been compared with guidelines limit provided by World Health Organization (WHO). 73. As per physical parameters of water quality assessment checked during field visits, physical parameters of water in most of the town are within the guideline range of drinking water quality prescribed by WHO. However, water of Bandipur town system has been found more acidic (<6.15) than guidelines limit prescribed by WHO. Water production from both the transmission system have pH in the range of 6.15 (Old transmission system) and 5.75 (new transmission system). 74. Similarly, higher turbidity (10 NTU) has been found during field visit in water sample of Prithivinarayan town. Higher turbidity has not been found during field visits in water sample of other town projects. However, WUSC of few towns have complained about higher turbidity during rainy season. These towns are Attariya, Beni, Bardghat, Birendranagar, Kusma, Sunwal and Triyuga. The detail table of physical parameter and interpretation of tested water samples of town system/sub-system has been annex to this report. (Annex- T1-A) 75. In order to assess chemical parameters of water quality of town system, water sample/s of each town has been collected, transported and handover to Central Laboratory of DWSS at Panipokhari. 76. As per chemical parameters of water quality assessment based on result provided by central laboratory of DWSS, checked chemical parameters of water in most of the town are within the limit of WHO guidelines. However, sampled water of Birtamod (sub-system-3), Fikkal and Surunga town projects have higher concentration of Iron. The iron concentration of Surunga is marginally higher. 77. Although, total hardness of all towns are within the limit of WHO guidelines (500mg/l), sample water of 5 town system/sub-system (Gorahi SS #4, Kohalpur, Lamki, Mahendranagar and Sunwal have considerable higher hardness (more than 300). Hardness in the range of 300 parts per million (ppm) is within the limit for drinking purposes but this level of concentration is not suitable for long-term for centrifugal pumps, pipelines and water revenue meter. The detail table of chemical parameter and interpretation of tested water sample at various locations of town system/sub-system has been annex to this report. (Annex- T1-B). 8.1.12 Assessment of Technical Quality & Deficiencies and Reasons 78. It is observed during field visits that in some town, there is lack of appropriateness in selection of main structures, pipes used and equipment. This problem is prominent in selection of tube well pumps. High capacity pumps are installed and almost all tubewells and

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sump-wells are being over pumped in the initial year of operation. This problem is prominent in Attariya, Kohalpur and Bijuwar. However, these high-capacity pumps have been replaced by low-capacity of pump after few year of operation. 79. Similarly, distribution area, pipe size, locations of reservoir, reservoir sizes for particular distribution sub-system are not synchronized during implementation of town project in Kamalamai and Triyuga, which is the main cause of very poor distribution system. 80. It has been also observed during field visits that in many towns butt joint of HDPE pipe are also used even for jointing of bigger diameter pipes which is not a common practice in Nepal. It should be noted that proper tools and trained manpower should be required for butt joints of bigger diameter HDPE pipes. Frequency of joint breaking on these pipes is very high. This is common problem of transmission and distribution in every town where big diameter of HDPE pipes have been joined by butt system. The problem is prominent in Attariya, Belbari, Bijuwar, Lekhnath, Mahendranagar and Sunwal town, which is the main cause of very poor distribution system and high NRW. 81. Incorporation of very old distribution network pipes of GI in some town projects is another example of poor distribution network quality. These aged GI distribution pipes could not handle present day discharges resulting in heavy leakages. This problem is prominent in Birendranagar town because significant proportion of old GI distribution has been incorporated in the design and implementation. 82. Similarly, incorporation of old distribution network pipes have problem in distribution system of bigger towns because most of the old distribution system is not based on loop system design. This is a main bottleneck in distribution system of growing town such as Ghorahi and Tulsipur. 83. It has been also observed that some of the treatment plants provided in surface water production system are not functioning well. It has been reported that, after few years of operation, turbidity was a main problem in water production of system. Efficiency of the implemented WTP has been significantly reduced and could not be operated for higher turbidity. Land slide and erosion in the upper catchment of the source are main causes of this problem. The main reason for this erosion and landslide is due to haphazard development of motorable track in the upper catchment of the source. The problem of WTP is prominent in Beni, Kusma, Prithivinarayan, Khairenitar and Lekhnath. 8.1.13 Key Performance Indicators 84. A performance indicator or key performance indicator (KPI) is of an industry jargon for a type of performance measurement and assessment. KPIs are commonly used by an organization to evaluate its success or the success of a particular activity in which it is engaged. In other words Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) is management tool for monitoring performance of people, systems, utility and organizations. In this concept, KPI of each town system have been developed. In order to compare the developed KPIs among 29 towns and with average value of other Asian cities1, internationally adopted KPI for measuring performance of utility

1 ASIAN WATER SUPPLIES (Reaching the Urban) Poor by Arthur C. McIntosh, 1997. Published by Asian Development Bank and International Water Association

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provider2, have been developed. Average values of KPI have been also mentioned from couple of studies for the comparisons purpose. The town wise KPI has been presented in Annex G-8A and average value of developed KPI has been presented in Table 27. Presently developed KPIs for 29 town system under STWSSSP-1 would be useful for the benchmarking purposes in the future. 85. All the information used to develop KPIs has been taken from each town project during field visits. The formulas used for the computations are shown below. • Water supply coverage (%) = [population served] x 100 / [total population in the present service area] • Production/population (Cum/d/c)= [annual production volume (Cum) /365] / [number of people served] • Per capita consumption (l/c/d) = [total annual domestic consumption (Cum) x 1,000/365] / [number of people served] • Non revenue water (%) = [total annual production (Cum) - total billed consumption (Cum)] x 100/[total annual production (m3)] • Average tariff (US$/Cum) = [total annual billing (US$)] / [total annual consumption (Cum)] • Unit production cost (US$/Cum) = [annual O&M cost (US$)] / [total annual production (Cum)] • Operating ratio = [annual O&M cost (US$)] / [annual revenue (US$)] • Collection efficiency (%) = [total annual collections (US$) / total annual billings (US$)] x 100 • Staff/1,000 connections ratio = [number of utility staff] / [number of utility connections/1,000]

Table 10 : Comparisons of KPIs of 29 towns (average value) with other utilities

Key Performance Indicator Average Average value Average value KUKL former value of 29 of Cities of of Cities of Asia NWSC Small Southeast Asia 3 and Pacific (Kathmandu) 5 Town region 4 Water supply coverage (%) 55.1% 81% 74.9 81 Production/population (Cum/d/c) 0.13 0.32 0.224 0.11 Per capita consumption (l/c/d) 78 157 106.5 91 Non revenue water (%) 58.5 35 27.8 40 Average tariff (US$/Cum) 0.23 0.36 0.31 0.14 Unit production cost (US$/Cum) 0.09 0.061 Operating ratio 0.59 1.05 0.84 0.72 Collection efficiency (%) 90 NA 118.1 Staff/1,000 connections ratio 6.7 11.8 7.2 15

2 Southeast Asian Water Utilities Benchmarking 2003 Survey Data Book – published 2005

3 Average of 50 cities in Southeast Asia, SECOND WATER UTILITIES DATA BOOK by C. McIntosh, 1997

4 Average of 40 cities in Asia and Pacific region, DATA BOOK OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN WATER UTILITIES 2005

Asian Water Utilities Network and ADB, 2007

5 Based on values of Kathmandu form reference of 50 cities in Southeast Asia. SECOND WATER UTILITIES DATA BOOK by Arthur C. McIntosh, 1997

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86. As most of the operating system of 29 town projects are not in full operation, a set of KPI have also been developed to check its performance with respect to completeness and comparative purpose among 29 towns. The town wise completeness assessment KPI has been presented in Annex G-8B and average value of developed KPIs have been presented in Table 28. The formulas used for the computations are shown below. • Actual HHs connection ratio (%) = Actual HHs connections/Planned HHs connections at same year. • Service Hours (HRs) = Average hours of service distribution (HRs.) • Residual Head (m) = Average head available in serve tap • Non-metered Connections (%) = reported total non- metered HHs. connection/ total number of HHs connection

Table 11 : Average value of KPIs for Completeness Assessment of 29 towns

Key Performance Indicator Average value of 29 Small Town

Actual HHs connection ratio (%) 72% Service Hours (HRs) Weighted Value 11.8

Residual Head (m), Weighted Value 4.3 Non-metered Connections (%) 4.6

8.1.14 Conclusion 87. Project specific conclusions have been listed elaborately in town wise report (Vol. II). It has been observed that there are many common findings on technical assessment of implemented 29 town projects. Some of the major common findings are; ♦ Depletion of Source River is main causes of low production in many surface water based town projects. ♦ Production volume has significantly decreased due to problem of intake and transmission lines in many projects which are predominantly based on surface water source/s. The main reason for this is damages of intake/s by floods, breakdowns of transmission system/s due to landslide and improper design of intake structure/s. ♦ Most of the production system of town projects solely based on ground water project is under utilising installed production well except few projects have genuine problem of low safe yield and cases of completely failure of installed tubewell. ♦ Treatment plants installed or constructed in surface water production system or sub- system are not functioning well in most of the town project which are based on surface water source/s. Most of the treatment plants are running in higher turbidity than it was envisaged earlier. Land slide and erosion in the upper catchment of the source are main causes of this problem. The main reason for this erosion and landslide is due to haphazard development of motorable track in the upper catchment of the source. ♦ There is a lack of portable arc welding machine and portable generator to weld damaged distribution pipes in few town projects, which comprises of large proportions of metallic distribution and transmission pipe lines. The distribution and transmission pipe lines of most of the towns have been frequently damaged by heavy equipments and heavy vehicle nowadays. ♦ In many towns butt joint of HDPE pipe are also used even for jointing of bigger diameter HDPE pipes. It has been reported by WUSC of these town, joints breaking on these pipes is very common and frequent. This is common problem of transmission and

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distribution in every town where big diameter of HDPE pipes have been jointed by butt system. ♦ It is also observed during field visits that problem of leakages in joints of distribution network comprising 4 kgf pressure HDPE pipes has been found more as compared to distribution network comprises of other pipes. It is also observed during field visits that the problem is extreme in bigger diameter HDPE pipes of 4 kgf pressure series. As, uses of big size HDPE pipes are not common practices in Nepal, proper tools and trained manpower would be required to join bigger diameter HDPE pipes. ♦ In some town project, WUSC has increased substantial length of distribution pipes, but numbers of air valves and washout vales in distribution system are lacking. ♦ Population growth in the service area of most of the town is higher than what was envisaged during planning stage. In addition, average growth rate of town has been taken during planning without triangulating with present and future land use. Therefore, some potential streets of the service area do not have distribution pipes resulting low HHs connection than envisaged earlier. ♦ Low rate of HHs connection in some town is due to implementation of other WS system by different agencies during implementation or initial operation years of town project. ♦ Similarly, in few towns where alternative sources are available, substantial low rate of HHs connection has been observed due to poor quality and reliability of the town water supply system. ♦ There is low rate of HHs connections in most of the Terai towns which are based on ground water supply due to misleading information of water quality assessment report on households Hand Pumps about Arsenic concentration conducted by DWSSDO. A programme has been launched by DWSS few years back to check Arsenic level in hand- pumps of Terai districts. Hand-pumps which are in the range of acceptable level of arsenic have been marked as “good” although this simply means that the arsenic level is within the acceptable range regardless of the overall water quality. However, this information has been interpreted by hand-pump users that the water is drinkable and as good as that of town water supply with respect to water quality. ♦ In many town projects, Bulk Water meter have not been installed. Only few numbers of the installed Bulk Water Meters are found in operating condition. ♦ In few project most of water revenue meters (HHs water meters) are not working properly due to lime encrustation and other minor deficiency. The WUSC do not have technical capacities even for minor repair. ♦ Calibration of household meters has been never carried out despite calibration facilities are available in five established Regional Laboratory of the country for calibration purposes. ♦ It has been observed that stand by pumps, other necessary pipe fittings and other gadgets, which are not available from local market but essential for efficiently manage town water supply system, are not available to WUSC of many town projects. ♦ There is a lack of well organised implementable maintenance programme and checklist in most of the town project. Maintenances are carried out only when problem arises in the system. ♦ Similarly trainings and exposure visits are lacking for staffs and WUSC working committee members in most of the towns which are completely new and isolate from district head quarter.

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♦ In totality, most of the town do not have technical capability to handle operational issues. Most of the implemented town have suffered from smooth transition after completion of implementation and initial operating phase. Most of the town do not have full technical support and guidance from any institutions. The performances of few towns are very encouraging where technical support from DWSS or other institutions are fully available. ♦ Substantial improvement works has been done to improve the systems in many towns by DWSS like provision of new wells in Attariya, Bardghat, Construction of new sump- well in Bijuwar and construction of WTP in Prithivinarayan is also under tendering process. ♦ Finally, performances of projects implemented under STWSSP-1 have more operational related issues than other issues. The various technical problem and social issues are also responsible to create the operational issues.

8.2 Social, Institutional and Governance Aspects 88. The social and institutional aspects basically cover the areas such as population coverage, institutional capacity, performance of management committees, ability to pay, political and social environment for sustainable water supply. In addition to this, copping method, capacity of host local government, and inclusiveness and consideration to the poor are also taken into considerations. Interaction and discussion were made with WUSCs, host local governments (municipalities and VDCs), WSSDO and beneficiaries during the field visit. Number of participants attended in interaction meeting has been annexed to this report (Annex G-3). 8.2.1 Population Coverage 89. Reliable information on population and number of households (HHs) of current year within the service area of many town projects could not be available from relevant organizations. Therefore, the data on population and HHs are derived from project-designed reports. Effort were also made to obtain information on current year population within the service area by reviewing the available HHs survey reports of WUSC and VDC/municipality, which were triangulated during focus group discussion. Data acquired from both sources are presented in Annex S-1. The 28 town projects (Walling is excluded as it is not in operation under STWSSS modality till date) were designed for a total of 536,183 population in the service area in planned year (2011). 90. However, the review of available survey reports of WUSC/DDC/Municipality indicates that there are total of 127,213 HHs with population of about 733,409 within the service areas of the town projects. The difference in planned and actual population is due to mainly three reasons among the others. Firstly, the population growth in the service areas of some projects is higher than envisaged earlier. Secondly, squatter settlements are also included in data provided by WUSC/DDC/Municipality, but such population was not included during planning stage. Thirdly, it was noticed that 100% population coverage was not assumed during planning stage because some population had already access to drinking water facility from other alternate sources. Hence, planned population does not necessarily reflects total population of the service areas in general. 91. Annex: S-1 also shows the status of different types of tap connections in 28 town projects. Currently there are total of 65831 different types of tap connections in service areas, which serve about 68619 HHs with a total population of 403672. Among the different types of tap connections 63996 (97.21%) are private HH connections, 899 (1.37%) are community connections (in average one community tap serves 5 HHs), 824 (1.25%) are institutional connections and 114 (0.22 %) are industrial/commercial connections. In overall average

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75.29 percent of planned population in the service areas is benefitted by both private HH connections and community connections. However, if total population (which also includes squatter settlements) in the service areas is taken into consideration about 55 percent of population has access to drinking water from the town projects. 92. The Table 9 illustrate that 12 towns have population coverage of more than 80%, 10 towns are in range of 61 to 80%, 2 are in 40 to 60% and 4 are below in the range of 40%.

Table 12 : Percentage of Planned Population Coverage by Town

Population No. of Town Name of Town Projects Coverage Project Bandipur (95.27%), Bardibas(93.28%), Beni (87.33%), Birendranagar(130.46%), Fikkal (81.1%), Ghorahi (87. 8 %), Kamalamai More than 80 % 12 (82.82%), Kawaswoti (100.13%), Khairenitar (144%), Kusma (101.3%), Lamki (110.9%), Parsa (102.64%) Attariya (75.27%), Bardghat (79.55%), Birtamod (73.95%), Itahari 61 % to 80 % 10 (66.49%), Lekhnath (76.62%), Mahendranagar (74.73%), Prithivinarayan (79.21%), Ratnanagar (63.38%), Surunga (79.09%), Tulsipur (67.25%) 40 % to 60 % 2 Budhabare (58.56%), Kohalpur (40.54%) Less than 40 % 4 Belbari (15.52%), Bijuwar (36.69%), Sunwal (20.78%), Triyuga (25.46%)

93. The status of population coverage in individual project is illustrated in Figure below, which indicates that highest of 144 percent of planned population coverage is in Khairenitar, while the lowest population coverage of 15.5 percent is in Belbari town project. In 6 town projects the actual population coverage has been reported more than 100 percent than the planned population. One of the major reasons among others behind this was noticed as high population growth than what was envisaged during the planning phase.

Figure 4 : Town wise Population Coverage

94. In general the major causes behind the low coverage in some projects are as listed below. ♦ Unwillingness due to availability of alternate sources (mostly Tube Well in Terai).

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♦ Unwillingness of people associated with system’s inefficiency due to Technical problem (Sunwal, Mahendranagar, Lamki, and Prihvinarayan). ♦ Weak performance / inactiveness / inefficiency of WUSCs (Walling, Belbari, Bijuwar, Triyuga, Mahendranagar, Kamalamai). ♦ Low Awareness level in the beneficiaries (Mahendranagar, Sunwal, Belbari, Triyuga). ♦ Political and social problems (Walling, Mahendranagar). ♦ High population growth due to migration coupled with inability to pay connection charge due to poverty (Birtamod, Kohalpur, Budhabare, Tulsipur, Attariya, Itahari, Ratnanagar, and Kohalpur). 8.2.2 Existence and Activeness of Water Users and Sanitation Committee 95. Water Users Association of every STWSS project has an executive committee, commonly known as Water Users and Sanitation Committee (WUSC), formed for overall management of the project. Water users committees were already in existence in most of the town projects and the presently working committees are evolved through reformation of previous committees. Such WUSCs' members have attained certain level of maturity through knowledge transfer and generally are better performing than new committees of virgin projects. Contrary to this they are often, facing social problems in tariff increment at required level as the users generally used to pay low tariff in old system build by grant. 96. It was reported that during the election of the committee, there were intensive interference from political parties to get their party member elected in the committee. As per the provision of the Water Resource Act, 2049 and Water Resource Regulation 2050 all WUSCs are formally registered in respective District Water Resource Committees. The executive committees mostly have 9 members except 11 members in Birtamod, Fikkal, Kamalamai, Triyuga and 13 members in Mahendranagar. It has been observed from provided data of 29 towns that out of total 277 members of the executive committee, 92 members are females representing 33.21 percent. As per the Act there should be at least three female members in the committee which has been complied. However, the less consideration has been given to poor and disadvantage group. 97. Activeness and efficiency of WUSC is considered here as overall indicator to judge their performance, which is assessed in terms of frequency and regularity of meeting, decision making process, transparency, formation of sub-committees and coordination with local governments and others. These indicators are dealt below under separate sub-headings. Table 13 shows that 22 WUSCs are active and efficient to carry out the operation and maintenance responsibilities, 2 WUSCs are active but less efficient, 5 WUSC are least efficient or not active as compared to others towns.

Table 13 : Activeness of WUSC by Town

Activeness of No. of Town Name of Town Project WUSC Project

Active and efficient 22 Birtamod, Kohalpur, Itahari, Budhabare, Tulsipur, Attariya, Prithivinarayan, Lekhnath, Fikkal, Ratnanagar, Bardghat, Kusma, Lamki, Parsa, Bardibas, Ghorahi, Kawaswoti, Surunga, Beni, Birendranagar, Bandipur, Khairenitar Active but less 2 Bijuwar, Sunwal efficient Less or not active 5 Belbari, Mahendranagar, Kamalamai, Triyuga, Walling

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General Assembly of Water Users Association 98. Assembly meeting of WUA is generally organized every year. Annual budget and programme and major decisions made by the executive committee are usually presented in the assembly meeting for approval before execution. It was reported that the town projects where the assembly meeting is regular there is high level of ownership feeling in the users and less complaints related to project matters. The assembly meeting of WUA is regular and organized every year in 18 town projects, not regular in 6 projects, and not organized at all since long time in 5 projects (Table-14).

Table 14 : Regularly of General Assembly Meeting by Town

Regularity of General No. of Town Name of Town Project Assembly Meeting Project

Regular 18 Birtamod, Bijuwar, Kohalpur, Itahari, Budhabare, Attariya, Lekhnath, Fikkal, Bardghat, Kusma, Lamki, Parsa, Ghorahi, Kawaswoti, Beni, Birendranagar, Bandipur, Khairenitar

Not regular 6 Bardibas, Belbari, Prithivinarayan, Sunwal, Triyuga, Tulsipur

Not at all 5 Kamalamai, Mahendranagar, Ratnanagar, Surunga, Waling

Regularity of WUSC Meeting 99. In general there is the practice of organizing WUSC meeting every month. As the field assessment result reveals WUSC meeting is regular and scheduled in 22 town projects, less frequent and not scheduled in 3 town projects, and not regular in 4 town projects (Table-15).

Table 15 : Regularity of WUSC Meeting

Regularity of WUSC No. of Name of Town Project Meeting Project

Regular and 22 Birtamod, Kohalpur, Itahari, Budhabare, Tulsipur, Attariya, scheduled Prithivinarayan, Lekhnath, Fikkal, Mahendranagar, Ratnanagar, Bardghat, Kusma, Lamki, Parsa, Bardibas, Ghorahi, Kawaswoti, Beni, Birendranagar, Bandipur, Khairenitar

Less frequent and 3 Sunwal, Surunga, Kamalamai not scheduled

Not regular 4 Belbari, Bijuwar, Triyuga, Walling

Decision making mechanism 100. Major decisions are generally made by executive committee. There is common practice of making decisions unanimously by the committee members. Major decisions such as tariff fixation and amendment, staff recruitment and salary adjustment, procurement of major equipments, and annual major programmes and budget are commonly presented to the assembly meeting of water users association for approval. Such assembly meetings are also helpful in maintaining transparency through dissemination of project related information to the beneficiaries. Hence the decisions are more transparent in town projects who organize assembly meeting regularly and major decisions are implemented only after approval of the assembly. Decision making mechanism is participatory and transparent in 19 town projects, participatory but less transparent in 6 town projects, and less participatory and less transparent in 4 town projects (Annex: S-3).

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Table 16 : Decision Making Mechanism

Decision making No. of Town Name of Town Project mechanism Project

Participatory and 19 Birtamod, Bijuwar, Kohalpur, Itahari, Budhabare, Attariya, transparent Lekhnath, Fikkal, Mahendranagar, Bardghat, Kusma, Lamki, Parsa, Ghorahi, Kawaswoti, Beni, Birendranagar, Bandipur, Khairenitar

Participatory but less 6 Bardibas, Prithivinarayan, Ratnanagar, Sunwal, Surunga, transparent Tulsipur

Less participatory and 4 Belbari, Kamalamai, Triyuga, Walling less transparent

Sub-committee 101. Besides the executive committee sub-committees are also formed in the town projects. Advisory sub-committee is most common; followed by Finance/Audit Sub-committee, Monitoring Sub-committee, procurement Sub-committee, Sanitation Sub-committee and Water Safety Sub-committee and others as well. It was noticed that there is division of work in WUSC forming many sub-committees in some projects. As the Annex: S-3 shows intensive division of work in WUSC forming many sub-committees was observed in 5 town projects. Few sub-committees are in existence but not sufficient and no division of work in 16 towns projects, whereas there is no sub-committee except Tole committee and other sub- committees are formed when needed in 8 town projects as shown in Table-17.

Table 17 : Status of Sub-committee

Status of sub- No. of Town Name of Town Project committee Project

Many sub-committees & 5 Lekhnath, Khairenitar, Bandipur, Fikkal and Ghorahi intensive division of work

Few sub-committees & 16 Attariya, Bardghat, Bardibas, Belbari, Beni, Bijuwar, Birtamod, Budhabare, Birendranagar, Kamalamai, Kawaswoti, Kohalpur, division of work Lamki, Kusma, Parsa, Ratnanagar

No sub-committee 8 Itahari, Mahendranagar, Prithivinarayan, Sunwal, Surunga, Triyuga, Tulsipur and Walling).

Coordination and linkage 102. Different WUSCs have established different relationship with their host local governments. However, there is no any established institutional mechanism of local governments (LGs) for coordination with WUSC. Few projects have practiced to incorporate the LG representatives as invitee members in WUSC in order to enhance coordination. Though, some projects have received financial support from them, low ownership feeling in the host VDCs and municipalities was observed in most of the projects. The relation with WSSDO was also found weak in many projects and they are not receiving necessary technical support from them. As the result of field assessment reveals (Annex: S-3) relation of WUSC with host VDC / municipality and WSSDO is satisfactory in 10 town projects (Bandipur, Bardibas, Beni, Fikkal, Itahari, Lekhnath, Parsa, Ratnanagar, Sunwal, Surunga); whereas the relation is weak in other 19 town projects.

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103. In most of the towns the proper coordination has not been found between LGs and WUSC. Overlapping of water supply projects in same service area and breaking of pipeline while constructing other infrastructure by municipalities observed in some towns, which also reflect the lack of coordination. The major regions behind the weak relation and lack of support from LGs are reported as follows. ♦ Low financial and institutional capacity of most of the LGs for supporting the WUSCs. ♦ Decisions of municipalities and VDCs board are made in the presence of representatives of major political parties. But they are less aware on water and sanitation sector and give low priority to the project. ♦ Lack of information sharing by WUSCs with the LGs and they rarely seek support from LGs. ♦ Reluctance of LGs in supporting WUSCs due to weak performance of few WUSCs (Triyuga, Mahendranagar, Bijuwar and Walling). ♦ Absence of elected representatives and frequent transfer of Executive Officers of Municipalities and VDC secretaries are also hindering the coordination with WUSC. ♦ Lack of clarity on role and responsibilities of LGs and WUSC is another reason for weak coordination. LGs have given less concern/priority to the town projects because they consider the system as a very big project with sufficient resources including financial resource, and hence water supply should be the sole responsibility of the WUSC. This also resulted to the low ownership. 104. Following could be the possibilities for enhancing coordination at local level especially with host Municipalities and VDCs: ♦ Incorporation of host Municipality/VDC in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. ♦ The sort of recommendation letter from host VDC/Municipality can be asked to be submitted along with other necessary documents while applying for new tap connections, which will help further strengthening the relation with the local governments. ♦ Water Management Boards (WMB) could be formed in some bigger town projects. These boards could be stronger formal entities (than user committees), in which the LG have a strong representation and responsibility. Thus, the linkage to the local bodies could be strengthened on the one side; on the other the operational autonomy could be maintained. 8.2.3 Ability to pay in Average Income Group and poverty Group 105. Annex: S-4 presents the current minimum tariff and average tariff, and average monthly income of average and low income groups. The average monthly income of both groups is derived from the NGOs report of socio-economic survey carried out during feasibility study. Inflation rate (in average 8%) is the basis for calculation of current year monthly income of beneficiaries. Based on the assumption that poor HHs consume minimum quantity of water and pay minimum monthly water charge fixed by the WUSC, ability to pay for water charges by average income group and low income group is estimated. The data reveals that the amount to be paid for monthly water charge is less than 5 percent of their monthly income in all town projects except in Prihvinarayan. 8.2.4 Affordability and Financing Gap 106. Monthly average income, affordable tariffs and actual tariff are presented in Annex: S-5. Affordable tariff is calculated based on the assumption that they can afford 5 percent of their

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monthly income for water. The financing gap, which simply refers here the difference between affordable tariff and actual tariff, is positive for all individual town projects except Prihvinarayan. This implies that the different current tariff fixed by individual towns is within the financial capacity of the beneficiaries. 8.2.5 Institutional Capacity of WUSC 107. The number of staff currently working in 27 projects (Walling and Kusma are not included because data is not available) is higher by 3 percent than the planned number of staff. A total of 383 staff were proposed, whereas 395 are currently working. Project wise number of currently working staff is presented in Annex: S-6; and status of staffing is illustrated in figure below, which reveals that the number of staff currently working is exactly same as proposed staff in 3 projects (Attariya, Sunwal, and Beni), more in 16 projects and less in 8 projects. A Meter Reader has to visit least of 23 HHs in Bijuwar and highest of 117 HHs in Birendranagar & Kawaswoti per day for meter reading. Though all staff has not received formal training, they are experienced and have basic skill to perform their duties. In majority of the projects low motivation and sincerity in the staff was observed.

Figure 5 : Comparison of Planned and Actual no. of Staff

108. However, in order to assess the sufficiency of currently working staffs, just comparison of the current number of staff with that suggested in the design stage may not be very relevant, because the current number of tap connections is significantly different in some towns. Therefore, workload of the currently working staffs, which was assessed through general observation and interaction, is the main basis for rating the adequacy level of staff. It was noticed that in 19 towns, the number of existing working staff are sufficient and in rest 10 towns the staff are not adequate in regard to the their workload.

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Table 18 : Sufficiency of Staff

Adequacy No. of Project Name of Project of staff

Sufficient 19 Attariya, Bardghat, Bardibas, Beni, Bijuwar, Birendranagar, Birtamod, Fikkal, Ghorahi, Itahari, Kamalamai, Khairenitar, Kohalpur, Lamki, Lekhnath, Mahendranagar, Parsa, Sunwal, Triyuga.

Insufficient 10 Bandipur, Belbari, Budhabare, Kawaswoti, Kusma (technical staff), Prithivinarayan, Ratnanagar, Surunga, Tulsipur, Walling.

109. Most of the WUSC offices have their own building with sufficient working space with basic necessary appliances such as computer, printer and fax machine etc. However, some of WUSCs either lacking sufficient working space for staff (Attariya, Bandipur) or insufficient basic appliances (Birtamod, Bandipur, Bardghat, Bardibas). 110. Even though the number of staff presently working is significantly higher than the planned staff, a meter reader has to visit 76 HHs per day in Bardibas, and 117 HHs per day in Bijuwar and Birendranagar. This indicates that there is no proper placement of the staff according to the project need and workload. Furthermore, specific duties have not been given to the staff as per their post and experience in some projects. For instance, Manager is performing all the office related duties and Office Assistant is also working as Meter Reader in Belbari; Watchman also performing technical works in Beni; 3 staff are working as office staffs who have to perform all the billing, meter reading, accounting and administrative works in Bijuwar; 5 technical staff are jointly performing all the duties such as meter reading, billing, plumbing and pump operation in Prithivinarayan; and Admin Assistant is working as plumber in Triyuga. 111. Capacity of WUSC for maintaining customer database: The customer database is maintained manually somehow in most of the town projects and needs to be updated. The computer billing software is in operation in 13 town projects. 112. Major efforts made to collect arrears: Though the default amount is insignificant in town projects, the problem of default cases were reported common in institutional connections including in government offices. Following are the most commonly reported efforts made by WUSCs to collect the arrears. ♦ Follow-up in written of the default users. ♦ Cut off of water supply after 3 -6 month default. ♦ Penalty for delay payment. 8.2.6 Social and political environment for sustainable water supply: 113. In general communities in project areas comprise of mixed ethnic/caste groups with social cohesion. As reported by WUSC members and key informants they have not experienced undue influences from outside in normal situations. The political and social environments are more or less supportive for smooth operation of the project, except some exceptions. Table- 19 shows that social and political environment is supportive in 19 town projects, not fully supportive in 8 town projects, and not supportive in 2 town projects. Minor complains of users to aware the WUSC on service quality, quantity and reliability are very often in almost all town projects.

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Table 19 : Social and Political Environment by Town

Social & Political No. of Town Name of Town Project Environment Project

Supportive 19 Sunwal, Birtamod, Kohalpur, Budhabare, Tulsipur, Attariya, Prithivinarayan, Lekhnath, Fikkal, Ratnanagar, Bardghat, Parsa, Bardibas, Ghorahi, Kawaswoti, Surunga, Beni, Bandipur, Khairenitar

Not fully supportive 8 Belbari, Bijuwar, Itahari, Birendranagar, Kamalamai, Kusma, Lamki, Triyuga

Not supportive 2 Walling, Mahendranagar

8.2.7 Disputes 114. Disputes in sources and other major structures of project have resulted to weak performance of some projects. For instance, dispute in source in Walling is the major problem of the system and they are not able to tap the water from the source so far. The disputes, rooted on political and personal ego in local leaders and community people, has not only resulted in the community fraction into two groups – one in favor and another in opposition of the project, but also contributed to passiveness of WUSC. Other minor disputes in sources were reported in Bandipur, Bijuwar, Budhabare and Khairenitar. In spite of these disputes related to the water resources sharing issues, there are attitude and ego problems in some cases as observed in Mahendranagar and Triyuga. Lacks of integrity and mistrust among them have been hindering overall performance of the project. There are few examples of intervention by municipalities in worst situation. Ratnanagar and Kamalamai are the two towns where the interventions were made by the respective municipalities. In Ratnanagar, the municipalities dissolved the existing committee and formed the new one making representation of the local political parties. Similarly, in Kamalamai, the management was undertaken by the municipality for some time. 8.2.8 Coping Method 115. In general no other significant numbers of projects have been implemented within the service area after launching small town project except some small schemes implemented by local governments and other agencies. Though overlap of such schemes within the service area is one of the causes of low tap connections in some town projects, they do not serve significant number of HHs and they have to rely on traditional sources in case of town project interruption. The traditional sources, mostly tube well and dug wells in Terai, and Kuwa (Spring), stream and river in Hill, are the common sources of water in case of system interruption. There is no water buying facility in most of the town projects. Therefore, the situation would be more or less same as previous if the small town project is interrupted. Major sources of water before the small town projects were built are presented in Annex: S- 7. 116. Annex: S-8 shows the water fetching time and average trip per day, which are acquired from the socio economic survey carried out by NGOs during feasibility study, and current year local wage rate for unskilled labour, which was acquired during field visit. Based on these data average economic cost for getting water from the available alternative sources is calculated. The monthly indirect cost of water from traditional sources would be NRs. 2001 to NRs. 4000 in 12 projects, NRs.1001 to NRs. 2000 in 9 projects and NRs.500 to NRs. 1000 in

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5 projects. The lowest economic cost for getting water is in Ghorahi (NRs. 586 /month) and highest of NRs.3825/month in Fikkal. The current water charge fixed by the WUSCs is significantly less than the economic cost for getting water from traditional sources. 8.2.9 Capacity of Local Government 117. Local Self Governance Act has provisioned for sectoral committees and units in each Local Government to look after the different sectors including water and sanitation sector. The Act has also given the rights, role and responsibility for protecting local water resources, developing water supply system as well as executing and maintaining drinking water supply system within the boundary of local government. Incorporation of unit responsible for water and sanitation sector in their organizational structure of host local government could be supportive for managing, helping, guiding and controlling WUSCs. However, it was reported that either the host VDCs or municipalities have not established separate unit in their organizational structure or the unit is not efficient or active for helping WUSC. Institutional and financial capacity of host VDCs 118. As the Annex: S-9 shows in average a host VDC has a total of 5 staff. Of them 1 is technical staff and 4 are administrative staff. The highest of number 14 staff are in Anarmani VDC and lowest of 3 staffs is in 6 VDCs. 119. Annex: S-10 presents the internal revenue of the host VDCs. In average approximate internal revenue of the year 2010 of a host VDC is NRs. 1671,737. Despite their limited financial resource some VDCs have shown high level of ownership and have allocated budget for town project improvement. However, in general majority of VDCs expressed unwillingness for financial support to WUSC due to mainly their weak financial capacity. Institutional and financial capacity of host municipalities 120. The town projects are located only in 11 municipality area and other projects are situated in the VDCs areas. The institutional and financial capacity of the host municipalities is relatively advanced as compared to that of VDCs. Annex: S-11 shows that in average a total of 52 staff are working in a host municipality. Of them 4 staff are technical staffs, whereas 38 are administrative staff. Ghorahi Municipality has highest of 81 staff, while Walling Municipality has lowest of 26 staff. Annex: S-9 presents internal revenue of the Fiscal Year 2064/65 of host municipalities. According to the data published by MLD, average annual internal revenue of a host municipality is about NRs.8732000. Ghorahi municipality has highest internal revenue of NRs. 12,520,000, whereas Walling has lowest revenue of NRs. 3,738,000. 121. The VDCs and municipalities are major stakeholders of the small town project where they are the guarantor of the loan. Besides the internal revenue every VDC receives grant from GoN every year. Grant basically covers the administrative cost and development/programme budget including social security allowances. The development budget to be received by the host VDCs is limited and they also most have to allocate according to the norms and guidelines provided by line ministries. Hence they have less flexibility and limited budget for supporting the larger projects. In general, the financial indicator of the local governments reflect that it will not be eased for them to bear the loan capacity of the towns neither they have shown their ownership in this project. Though the financial capacity of host municipalities is relatively advanced as compared to VDCs, they have their own norms and practices of budget allocation in different development sectors and the water supply project is their least priority sector.

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8.2.10 Inclusiveness and Consideration to Poor HHs 122. Most of WUSCs neither have data by economic status nor do the host municipalities or VDCs have record of low income or poor HHs in the service area. Therefore, the exact number of low income or poor HHs could not be found out. Review of available HH survey reports of WUSC, municipality/ DVC and cross verification during focus group discussion was the main basis for estimation of poor HHs within the service area of individual town project. Some poor settlements have also been identified within the service areas, which mostly are newly established by the people who migrated from different areas. Most of such poor settlements in Terai consist of landless families. 123. Annex: S-2 shows the number of poor and average income HHs and status of tap connection. It was reported that there are number of squatter settlements especially in Terai within the service area, which are newly created and were not envisaged during design period. In general STWSSSP has not proposed the w/s provision in squatter settlement. As the number of HHs in squatter settlements is significant, consideration should be given to address such problem in future projects. Of the total HHs in 29 town projects 23051(18.12%) HHs are poor HHs (including squatter settlements), while 104162 (81.88%) HHs fall under average income HHs. As far as the project benefit is concerned, number of benefited poor HH is significantly lower than that of average income HHs. In average 27.88 percent of the poor HHs are benefitted by the project, while 60.44 percent of average income households have access to water from the project.

• Total HHs (including squatter settlements) 127213

• No. of Average Income HHs 104162 (81.88 %)

• Benefitted Average Income HHs 62959 (60.44 %) • No. of Low Income/ Poor HHs 23051 (18.12 %)

• Benefitted Low Income / Poor HHs 6426 (27.88 %)

124. Possible Consideration for poor HHs: Different town projects have offered different privileges to the poor to encourage them for tap connections. Such considerations basically include subsidy in connection charge and provision of paying connection charge in installment basis. For instance WUSCs of Bardghat, Kawaswoti, Kusma, Lekhnath, Prithivinarayan and Ratnanagar have made decision to offer subsidy in connection charge for poor HHs. Some projects have utilized revolving fund for tap connection to poor HHs. Though some poor HHs are served by community tap connections, majority of the WUSC showed unwillingness for providing community tap due to ownership and maintenance problem. 125. A significant number of 16,625 poor HHs in 29 town projects do not have access to water facility from the town projects. They also include the squatter settlements which mostly in Terai and are newly established by the people who migrated from different areas. Most of them claimed themselves as landless families. Annex: S-13 shows tap connection charges fixed by the WUSCs for private and community tap connection. A significant amount of NRs.127,747,239 would be required as connection charge if private tap connections have to be provided to all remaining poor HHs. They can also be served offering community connections which will required a total amount of about NRs.22,810,298 as connection charge. However, this figure is based on the information provided by VDC/municipalities and WUSC, which reflects very general scenario and simply suggests the need of financial support to some WUSC for poor HH connections. Nevertheless to be noted here is that all left out poor HHs included here may not be willing for connection and also may not be - 31 -

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eligible for connection because some poor HHs do not have permanent residency or own registered land. Moreover, it does not necessarily mean that all remaining poor HHs are unable to pay connection fees. Therefore, further in depth assessment/survey by the WUSC is required in order to find out the real nos. of eligible and needy poor HHs and fund required for tap connection who are unable to pay connection charge. Followings could be the possible considerations for poor HHs to enhance the tap connections. ♦ Subsidy (fully or partially) in connection charge based on the financial capacity of WUSC. ♦ Provision of payment of connection charge in instalment basis. ♦ Establishment and mobilization of revolving fund for tap connection to poor HH (1 % interest reduction (8% to 7%) was intended to be used to establish revolving fund for poor’s tap connection. However, in practice none of the town projects has used this fund to establish the revolving fund). ♦ Income generation programme along with awareness programme. ♦ Mobilization of host municipality, DDC and VDC fund. ♦ Mobilization of external possible fund. 8.2.11 Major Social Issues 126. Different projects have experienced different problems. Social problems were reported more acute in 5 town projects (Walling, Triyuga, Belbari, Kamalamai and Mahendranagar). Among 29 towns those who are facing more social problems are also inactive and less efficient as compared to other towns. In general the major social and institutional issues which are hindering the performance of the projects are associated with the following interrelated factors: ♦ Inefficiency of the system due to management and technical problems (Lamki, Mahendranagar, Sunwal). ♦ Inactive WUSC with poor performance (Walling, Triyuga, Belbari, Kamalamai and Mahendranagar). ♦ Political and social issues and personal ego (Walling, Birendranagar, Mahendranagar). 127. More specifically social and institutional issues identified from a recent field assessment of 29 town projects under STWSSSP-I are listed below. ♦ Low participation of WUSC and weak coordination with contractor, consultant and TPO during the construction phase in most of the cases has resulted low ownership on them. ♦ Low institutional capacity of some WUSC associated with low number of skilled staff in the absence of relevant training. ♦ Low managerial capacity of some WUSCs. There are no specific duties as per the post, skill and experience of staff and no specific job descriptions to the staff. ♦ Low level of technical knowhow in most of WUSCs. ♦ Low coverage of poor HH due to low awareness and financial constraints. In some project there is large number of poor HHs, but low financial capacity of WUSC for motivation and awareness programme to them. ♦ Low HHs coverage due to unwillingness of local people due to interferences of many alternate schemes within the service area. ♦ Low transparency in terms of information dissemination in the absence of regular general assembly of WUA. - 32 -

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♦ Less inclusive WUSC and low political harmony in few cases. ♦ Low motivation & sincerity in the staff associated with low facility to them in some cases. ♦ Low efficiency of some WUSCs due to absence division of work forming sub- committees. ♦ Dispute in the source. ♦ Weak coordination with local government and low ownership of them in most of the projects. Overlap of water supply project implemented by local government within service area is also hindering the tap connection in some town. 8.2.12 Conclusion 128. The findings of social observation of 29 towns reveal that social issues are more acute in 5 towns. Disputes in the source, low efficiency in the absence of work division forming sub- committees, low number of skilled staff along with low level of motivation are major identified issues. In addition to this weak coordination with local governments which has created low ownership on them. Low awareness and financial constraints of poor as well as low financial capacity of WUSC for the motivation of them has resulted to the low coverage of the poor HHs. These issues need to be addressed in order to improve the overall performance of the project which will ultimately contribute in the improvement of the repayment of loan. 129. The social and institutional aspects is framed to cover the areas such as population coverage, institutional capacity, performance of management committees, ability to pay, political and social environment for sustainable water supply. In addition to this, copping method, capacity of host local government, and inclusiveness and consideration to the poor are also taken into considerations. Interaction and discussion were made with WUSCs, host local governments (municipalities and VDCs), WSSDO and beneficiaries during the field visit. Number of participants attended in interaction meeting has been annexed to this report (Annex G-3).

8.3 Financial Aspects 8.3.1 General 130. The comprehensive financial assessment of individual 29 towns under Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP- I) is appended in Supplementary Town Wise Report Volume II of this report. The financial aspect of this report has been prepared considering different facet such as number of tap connection, tariff, connection fees, water consumption, O & M and Debt Service, collection of water charges, Non Revenue Water, Human Resource and Loan Rescheduling of all 28 towns. The financial evaluation of all 29 towns has been performed excluding Walling, whose operation under STWSSSP – I is not yet started. 8.3.2 Tap Connection 131. During the feasibility study of the towns, the total tap connection in the Year 2011 was envisaged to be 91207 taps in number however at the same time period of the year 2011 (FY 2067/68), the actual tap connection of 28 towns (excluding Walling) was 65831 which is 72% achievement or 28% less than planned, which is derived taking into account all the towns. (Please refer Annex: F-1). 132. If the best five towns which have more than 100% connections and six worst towns having less than 60% connections are taken out then average connection is 74.9%. Highest tap connection percentage in the towns is 143% and the lowest is 16% than planned.

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8.3.3 Tariffs 133. Tariffs, which are fixed, are mostly too low to recover costs, resulting in poor utility performance. It has been observed that most of the towns have not established tariff as recommended by Town Development Fund (TDF). The tariff was supposed to be fixed as advised by TDF as concerned towns do not have the expertise. As found in most cases towns have not applied the prescribed tariff and in some cases as claimed by towns they have not received any suggested tariff nor have TDF sent any representative at the time of fixation of tariff even after several request. 134. The tariff recommended by TDF to Water User Sanitation Committee (WUSC) is same as of the planned data. It has been observed from the provided data that two towns have fixed the tariff higher in amount than recommended by TDF; seven towns have fixed in line with the recommendation; three towns rate is fixed in the range of 90 to 99% as compared to recommendation; six towns ranges between of 80 to 89%, four towns are in between 60 to 79% and six towns tariff is fixed below 60% of the recommendation. (Please refer Annex : F- 1) 135. The table below will illustrate the name of the towns falling in different ranges:

Table 20 : Tariff Status range fixed on the recommendation of TDF proposed S. No. Towns Range in % 1 Belbari, Ghorahi and Parsa (3) Above 100% 2 Bandipur, Fikkal, Khairenitar, Kohalpur, Prithivinarayan and Surunga 100% (6) 3 Bijuwar, Budhabare and Ratnanagar (3) 90 % to 99% 4 Attariya, Bardghat, Beni, Lekhnath, Sunwal and Tulsipur (6) 80% to 89% 5 Bardibas, Birtamod, Itahari and Triyuga (4) 60% to 79% 6 Birendranagar, Kamalamai, Kawaswoti, Kusma, Lamki and Below Below 60 % 60% Mahendranagar (6)

136. The TDF recommended minimum tariff range from NRs 100 (US $ 1.33) to NRs 300 (US $ 4.00). In planned data it shows that minimum tariff range from NRs 80 (US $ 1.07) to NRs 300 (US $ 4.00) whereas in actual of the same period it ranges from NRs 38 (US $ 0.51) to NRs 300 (US$ 4.00). 137. Further analysis depicts that weighted average tariff of 28 towns in planned was NRs 212 (US $ 2.83) and in actual of the same period it was found NRs 153 (US $ 2.04). 138. In earlier practice tariff used to be fixed in regressive rate but nowadays it is fixed in a progressive manner which helped even the poor people to afford it. This resulted in increased number of users as well as it helped to in improve the revenue generation. 139. Tariff rates were modified in STWSSSP- I system in order to pay loan repayment and O & M expenses. In formulating cost recovery policies for water supply it should meet five key objectives as mentioned in Updated Fifteen-Year Development Plan for Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation, April 2009:

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♦ Economic – to ensure that charges of water are related to economic cost, thus achieving efficiency of resource allocation in the water sector; ♦ Financial – to ensure each WUSC has sufficient revenue to cover all its operating costs, debt servicing etc; ♦ Social – to ensure that the poorer members of the community have access to a safe water supply at the price which they can afford; ♦ Conservation – that the tariff plays a role in managing the demand for water and the conservation of resources; and ♦ Administrative – to ensure that any recommendations are capable of implementation by each WUSC in terms of metering, billing and revenue collection and that the tariff are transparent, simple and readily comprehensible to customers. 140. It is observed that most of the WUSC has fulfilled the above mentioned objective to some extent. However for strong financial sustainability it needs to focus on tariff which should be able to cover O & M as well as debt servicing. 8.3.4 Connection Fees 141. In most of the towns the connection fees are charged considerably high which often impede new connections for lower class consumers. It is observed that the connection fees in planned data of the 2011 (FY 2067/68) ranged from NRs 3217 (US $ 42.89) to NRs 9286 (US $ 123.81) whereas in actual of the same period it ranged from NRs 500 (US $ 6.67) to NRs 27400 (US $ 365.33). 142. The analysis shows that the planned average connection fees of the same year of the towns was NRs 5950 (US $ 79.33) whereas of the actual of the same period it was NRs 9977 (US $ 113.03). This is in average 67 % higher than planned. 143. Further analysis reveals that in comparison to the planned data vs actual of the same period two towns have fixed connection fee more than 300% in amount than that of the anticipated in planned; similarly nine have fixed in the range of 200 to 299% more in amount; five fixed in the range of 150% to 199%; seven falls in the range of 100 to 149% and the rest five towns have fixed the amount less than 100% of the projected amount. (Please refer Annex : F-2) 144. The tap connection fees are fixed by the WUSC. No specific guidelines were found to be established while fixing these fees. Most of the towns included the materials cost such as meter, pipes, ferrule etc in the connection fees. At present market rate of materials needed for tap connection price - one meter, two pieces of pipe, one tap, ferrule, saddle plate and fitting charges – minimum cost NRs 7,500 in 2011 price. It would have been better if this cost were segregated. 145. The table below will illustrate the name of the towns falling on the above range:

Table 21 : Connection Fees Status of Planned Year (2011) vs Actual Year 2011 (FY 2067/68) S. No. Towns Range in % 1 Lekhnath and Prithivinarayan (2) more than 300% 2 Bandipur, Bijuwar, Birendranagar, Fikkal, Itahari, Kawaswoti, 200 to 299% Kusma, Triyuga and Tulsipur (9) 3 Bardghat, Beni, Kamalamai, Khairenitar and Surunga (5) 150 to 199% 4 Bardibas, Birtamod, Budhabare, Ghorahi, Parsa, Ratnanagar 100 to 149% and Sunwal (7) 5 Attariya, Belbari, Kohalpur, Lamki & Mahendranagar (5) less than 100% - 35 -

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146. It is observed that towns have adopted different measures to make tap connection affordable to poor community. The relieve is offered by making installment payment, discounts, loan amount made available through microfinance credit and even creating lower bracket fee for them. 8.3.5 Water Consumption 147. The consumption of only 26 towns was available. The total water consumption of the towns estimated in the planned year was 16.7 million m3 whereas in actual the consumption was 9.6 million m3 which is only 57 % than that of estimated. (Please refer Annex : F-2) 148. The analysis shows that more than 100% consumption than expected was found in three towns – Khairenitar (159%), Kawaswoti (114%) and Kusma (110%). In the line of 90 % are two towns – Beni (97%) and Parsa (91%), in the line of 70 % was in one town – Birendranagar (77%), in line of 60% are four towns - Lekhnath (65%), Bardghat (61%), Budhabare (60%) and Ghorahi (60%) and rest 17 towns falls below 60%. 149. The lowest water consumption range is 6% and highest attained is 159% than of planned. 150. Based on the information revealed during interaction from towns, it has been found that about 70 % of households pay tariff on minimum charges. This implies that the maximum consumption of water is in lowest consumption band. The reason may be of alternative availability of low cost water, faulty meter, low supply of water etc. 8.3.6 O & M and Debt Service 151. The analyses of towns have shown a mixed result regarding O & M and Debt Service bearing capacity. Analysis from provided financial figure of 2011 (FY 2067/68) reveals that out of 28 towns when taken into consideration, 12 towns is found to be able to manage both their O & M as well as Debt Service; 10 towns can manage only its O & M expenses and 6 towns cannot even manage O & M expenses from its gross income. 152. This indicates altogether 22 towns can meet O & M expenses out of which 10 can meet only O & M expenses and 12 can meet both O & M as well as debt service. These analyses are based on the financial data of 2011(FY 2067/68) in which only 10 towns – Bardghat, Beni, Bijuwar, Kawaswoti, Khairenitar, Itahari, Lekhnath, Prithivinarayan, Sunwal and Tulsipur - audited report was made available other were on the process of auditing and analysis was based on provided data. (Please refer Annex: F-3) 153. The table below will illustrate the name of the towns falling in different categories:

Table 22 : Towns Status of managing O & M and Debt Service in 2011 (FY 2067/68) Name of Towns Name of Towns Name of Towns cannot able to Managing both O & M Managing only O & M manage even O & M (6) and Debt Service (12) Expenses (10) Bandipur Attariya Belbari Bardghat Beni Birendranagar Bardibas Bijuwar Budhabare Itahari Birtamod Kohalpur Kawaswoti Fikkal Lamki Khairenitar Ghorahi Triyuga

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Name of Towns Name of Towns Name of Towns cannot able to Managing both O & M Managing only O & M manage even O & M (6) and Debt Service (12) Expenses (10) Kusma Kamalamai Lekhnath Mahendranagar Parsa Prithivinarayan Ratnanagar Sunwal Surunga Tulsipur

154. Though it is found that 12 towns can manage both O & M and Debt Service, 4 are in the marginal range that is below 5% of their gross income. Bandipur is marginally high with 0.4%, Surunga 0.61%, Ratnanagar 2% and Tulsipur 3.5 %. As there is only marginal difference it may be difficult for these towns to be able to administer O & M and Debt service if there is a raise in expenses. 155. As found from the study, out of 10 towns that can manage O & M expenses, 3 towns, Kamalamai, Mahendranagar and Sunwal financial picture is ambiguous. Kamalamai provided financial data does not provide the true picture on the average tariff as its average tariff is less than the minimum tariff which they have fixed. Mahendranagar expenses on spare parts is less as it is using the spare parts provided by contractor which they have with them in store, if not expense would have gone up. Sunwal has met this O & M expenses only because its electricity and fuel expenses has come down unbelievable from the last year. Due to these reason it cannot be relied that even for future years that these towns can bear O & M expenses. 156. Similarly out of 6 towns the two towns which has not met its O & M and debt servicing expenses, 2 towns Triyuga and Belbari financial picture is ambiguous. Both financial liabilities are quite high. They have not even managed to pay salary to some of the staffs. 157. Further analysis reveals that out of 28 towns, the first three highest gross revenue was generated by Lekhnath, NRs 22.5 million (US $ 0.3 million) followed by Itahari, NRs 20.26 million (US $ 0.27million); Ghorahi, NRs 16.39 million (US $ 0.22 million) and their O & M expenses were 36%, 48% and 76% respectively on their gross revenue. It has been seen that six towns have made more than 100% expenses on O & M than their gross revenue. The lowest expenses made on O & M is 12% and the highest is 120% of the gross revenue. The average of 28 towns in respect to O & M expenses on its gross revenue of 2011 is 59%. 158. In the above analysis while calculating the operating income tap connection fee is also included. To view the different scenario further analysis was made in which the connection fees were segregated from operating income. Even that analysis reflected that only 5 towns (Kawaswoti, Khairenitar, Kusma, Parsa and Ratnanagar) is found to be able to manage both their O & M as well as Debt Service; 13 towns (Attariya, Bandipur, Bardghat, Bardibas, Beni, Birtamod, Ghorahi, Itahari, Kamalamai, Lekhnath, Mahendranagar, Surunga and Tulsipur) can manage only its O & M expenses and 10 towns (Belbari, Bijuwar, Birendranagar, Budhabare, Fikkal, Kohalpur, Lamki, Prithivinarayan, Sunwal and Triyuga) cannot even manage O & M expenses from its operating income. 159. However segregating the connection fees will not reflect the true picture as 12 towns have included the materials costs including water meter in the tap connection fees. These towns

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have not kept materials sales income separately. In such situation it is difficult to do the analysis keeping all the towns in equal footing for calculating the income. 160. Even some of the towns are providing the materials to users without taking any charge from their old stock which was handed over by the contractors after completion of project. 161. The towns were also getting support to rectify the urgent technical defects from government through DWSS which helped them to manage their O & M expenses. It is learnt that the government through DWSS allocated NRs 35 million in 2011 (FY 2067/68) and NRs 23 million in 2012 (FY 2068/69). 162. It is observed that there are various reasons that raised the O&M expense of the towns. One of the main reasons is technical and managerial incompetency. There is less skilled manpower to take care of water meter, pipe connection, particularly affecting larger-diameter pipes, mismatch of generator and submersible pump capacity, water treatment plants. Although WUSC undertake the operation and maintenance of the water supply systems by hiring staffs such as managers, junior engineers/overseer, accountants, meter readers and plumbers but they face challenges in operating and effectively maintaining it. 8.3.7 Collection of Water Charges 163. As per the data made available by the towns of the year 2011 (FY 2067/68) the collection ratio of most of the towns are quite encouraging. Out of 28 towns, the data of 5 towns were not made available therefore this was not included on the analysis The remaining 23 towns analysis indicates that 6 towns are above the range of 95%, 11 towns are within the range of 90 to 94%, 4 towns are within the range of 80 to 89%, one town in the range of 70 % and other one is in the range of 60%. (Please refer Annex: F-4) 164. The lowest collection town was 69% and highest was 99%.

Table 23 : Collection of Water Charges Range S. No. Range in % Name of Towns 1 Above 95% Attariya, Bijuwar, Itahari, Lekhnath, Lamki and Surunga (6) 2 90 to 94% Bardghat, Bardibas, Beni, Birtamod, Kawaswoti, Khairenitar, Kusma, Parsa, Ratnanagar and Tulsipur (11) 3 80 to 89% Bandipur, Birendranagar, Budhabare and Ghorahi (4) 4 70 to 79% Sunwal (1) 5 61 to 70% Triyuga (1)

8.3.8 Human Resource and Capacity Development 165. Analysis on the overall human resource and personnel expense of the towns was compared with planned data of the same year. It shows that the planned data was not done on the realistic ground. The salary and other benefits of the staffs are low on present context. Mostly all the towns have surpassed the salary expenses than of the planned data. 166. In the planned data it was envisaged total numbers of staffs in 28 towns would be 383 with the total salary expenses of NRs 22.30 million (US $ 0.3 million) whereas in actual number of staffs was 411 with the total salary expenses of NRs 39.82 million (US $ 0.53 million). This is about 78.6% more in amount and 7.3% in staffs. (Please refer Annex : F-5A & F-5B)

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167. The study in general shows that in most of the towns, the qualified staffs are not recruited. At the same time paying higher salary and recruiting qualified and professional staffs may be difficult to most of the town to make the organization sustainable. It is said that technical and financial training is provided to WUSC members by DWSS and TDF. Training on meter reading, meter maintenance, plumbing, water testing was given by DWSS and training on financial management which included water tariff planning, billing, collection as well as basic accounting was offered by TDF. 168. UN HABITAT has also supported in considerable activities like capacity building of WUSC, institutional strengthening, water quality, monitoring and expansion work with the help of DWSS. Similarly, it has financially supported TDF to developed billing software to all 29 towns with the TDF. 169. To further strengthen the organization it is required on-the-job training to train the staff for longer period in larger scale in regular intervals to get effective result as there is frequent turnover of trained staff. 8.3.9 Loan Rescheduling 170. From the analysis of individuals' towns it has been seen that 7 towns without rescheduling can pay the loan and other remaining 21 needs rescheduling from which 5 (Kohalpur, Lamki, Mahendranagar, Prithivinarayan and Sunwal) will benefit just to be in comfortable position and others to pay back the debt as well. Please refer to Table 24 below for the name of towns that falls on different categories.

Table 24: Town Status on Loan Rescheduling Towns that Rescheduling Towns that Rescheduling Required not Required (7) (21)

Attariya, Bandipur, Bardghat, Belbari, Beni, Bijuwar, Birendranagar, Birtamod, Bardibas, Kawaswoti, Khairenitar, Budhabare, Fikkal, Ghorahi, Itahari, Kusma, Parsa, Ratnanagar and Kamalamai, Kohalpur, Lamki, Lekhnath, Tulsipur Mahendranagar, Prithivinarayan, Sunwal, Surunga and Triyuga

171. The financial analyses of rescheduling status are made on certain assumptions which are given in detail in Supplementary Town-Wise Volume II Report. However, the present recommended tariff has to be revised and increased from the year that the net income becomes negative as shown in Annex - F8. NRW reduction which is likely possible with additional investment is not taken into account. 172. The present loan status of the town is as of 16 July 2011 is 41.38% which has increased to 45.88% as on 20 November 2011 as shown in Annex – F-6. 173. The overall scenario of the towns on expenses on O & M and Debt service and income from water revenue per tap connection including connection fees income is given in annex F-7. 8.3.10 Conclusion 174. From the analysis it can be concluded that the common reason for low and delayed repayment is due to low revenue generated which was inadequate to repay loan and cover debt service. The low revenue resulted was from delay in construction of project, small number of tap connection, low tariff, less water discharge from sources and damage to water transmission lines from landslides. At present it is observed that many towns' problem has

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been addressed and are in better position than the initial stage and are willing to pay the debt. The TDF needs to develop strategies for each town separately for recovery. At the same time focus should be made for capacity development of staff by providing regular training by TDF and DWSS experts.

9. MAJOR ISSUES AND PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED 175. The major issues related to the implementation and optimum functionality of the schemes built under the Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project – Phase I are related to design and installation of electro-mechanical equipment, Water Treatment Plants and joining of large diameter HDPE pipes among others. The general observations on technical issues from the field assessment of 29 town projects completed under STWSSSP Phase I are listed below: ♦ Some compromises have been done during project design and implementation of most of the town projects. Use of butt joints in 4 kg pressure series HDPE pipes in transmission and distribution pipes are one of the examples of big compromises. Similarly, not providing stand-by generator set, lack of boundary wall in OHT premises, lack of treatment facilities are other compromises done during implementation phase of the town projects. ♦ Inadequate supervision during the jointing and laying of pipelines (especially for higher diameter HDPE pipes) and development of deep tubewells and pumping equipment are main causes of the observed problems. ♦ Source depletion and natural calamities are major problem for the efficient operation of most of the surface water based town projects. ♦ Failure of groundwater wells is another major problem of ground water based town projects. ♦ High capacity pumps are installed and almost all tubewells are being over pumped. ♦ Condition of water treatment plants is not satisfactory and the designs need to be revisited. Some of the treatment plants are not functioning, as designed. Most of the treatment plants are running in higher turbidity than it was envisaged earlier. ♦ Low rate of actual household connections than envisaged during planning has been observed in most of the implemented town projects. ♦ No inventory of facilities (including deep tubewells) and equipment (including pump sets) are available in most of the town projects. ♦ Sufficient spare parts in stock and maintenance manuals are not available in all projects and equipment is not being properly maintained. ♦ Training of human manpower involved in operation and maintenance works is very essential. 176. The findings of social observation of 29 towns reveal that social issues are more acute in 5 towns. Disputes in the source, low efficiency in the absence of work division forming sub- committees, low number of skilled staff along with low level of motivation are major issues. Besides this weak coordination with local governments is another issue requiring attention. Low awareness and financial difficulties of poor and WUSCs with low financial capacity has resulted to the low coverage of the poor HHs. 177. On the management front, it has been observed that burden of electricity and fuel costs have been hampering smooth operations at many places. High monthly electricity bill and fuel expenses, low water tariffs and low tap connection have been compounding the problems,

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whereby the WUSCs are unable to rectify even regular maintenance problems let alone pay back the loan amount to TDF. Analysis from provided financial figure of 2011 (FY 2067/68) reveals that out of 28 towns when taken into consideration including connection charges, 12 towns is found to be able to manage both their O & M as well as Debt Service; 10 towns can manage only its O & M expenses and 6 towns cannot even manage O & M expenses from its gross income. 178. In light of this it is important that some investment be made to rectify existing problems in each town and optimize their operations. However, such investments need to be augmented with proper capacity building activities focusing primarily on the management aspects. In brief town wise major issues and findings with recommendations is given in Annex: G-4.

10. PROPOSED REMEDIAL MEASURES AND INVESTMENT REQUIRED

10.1 Capacity Building 179. It is observed that there is an urgent need to build a framework to guide capacity building and training activities for all 29 WUSCs. It is a process whereby a WUSC and its staffs equip themselves to undertake the necessary utilities management and services in a sustainable fashion. 180. Investment made for capacity building is essential to develop technical skills to maintain plant, make repairs and operate the system such as running pumps and treatment works and to reduce NRW. Administrative skills for systematic book keeping, to collect revenue to cover the recurring cost of maintenance, operating expenses, salaries and the repayment of loans and using of billing software to maximize the output. The ability to build consensus and resolve conflicts within the community and between leaders. 181. The detail outline of the capacity building requirement is given in Annex G-5A and tentative budget is presented in Annex G-5B. The tentative training cost is been calculated grouping the towns in near vicinity. Considering it, the training has been suggested in two categories – Recommended and Strongly Recommended- as per their training need.

10.2 Physical Investment for the Remedial Measures 182. Based on field assessments of each town project and related information provided by the respective town project, an investment package has been developed to rectify and improve the functioning and operations of the 29 towns built under STWSSP Phase I. The details of proposed remedial measures have been described in conclusion and recommendation part (especially in technical observation) of each town project in Volume II. 183. Most of the towns are in operations and collecting revenues through monthly water tariff. A number of towns are also paying back the TDF loan. However, some of the town projects are not functioning, as desired, because of various reasons like damage due to natural calamities, failure of groundwater wells, malfunctioning of treatment plants, source depletion, design flaws, routine maintenance problems, etc. After assessing the operational and service provision scenario in the 29 towns, the towns have been categorized based on level of service and need of repair and maintenance works. 184. In one hand, investment is required for better performing town (Managing both O&M and Debt Service) to increase its service level and enhance utility management aspect. In other hand, investment is required for other towns which are not performing well (could not managing O&M and Debt services) due to some technical, operational and financial issues.

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These issues have to be needed to be resolve or rectified to reap complete benefits from the completed town projects. 185. The physical investment required for each town project has been classified into two categories. These are 1) Rectification & Remedial works and 2) Extension works. The Rectification and Remedial works primarily comprises of works which require immediate implementation to resolve or rectified existing problem which are main causes of not to reap complete benefits from the projects. On the other hand, extension works is required to increase water supply facilities to larger population which eventually increase household connections and population coverage. The Table 25 summarizes the total investment required in each town without considering allocated budget for rectification by DWSS in FY 2068/69.

Table 25 : Total Additional Investment Requirement for 29 Towns (Without considering allocated budget for FY 2068/69 by DWSS)

Physical Investment required (NRs) Investment Req. for Total Investment SN. Project Town Capacity Development Rectification & Amount (NRs) Extension Works (NRs.) Remedial Works 1 Attariya 25,224,700 580,000 25,804,700

2 Bandipur 9,255,900 280,000 9,535,900

3 Bardghat 3,810,320 4,751,900 710,000 9,272,220 4 Bardibas 14,935,000 3,542,550 430,000 18,907,550 5 Belbari 6,054,200 1,195,400 670,000 7,919,600 6 Beni 14,049,000 530,000 14,579,000

7 Bijuwar 8,725,820 810,000 9,535,820

8 Birendranagar 52,198,070 6,350,000 1,250,000 59,798,070 9 Birtamod 11,289,200 4,299,500 890,000 16,478,700 10 Budhabare 6,931,850 2,336,600 740,000 10,008,450 11 Fikkal 17,386,800 590,000 17,976,800 12 Gorahi 12,125,800 3,288,250 910,000 16,324,050 13 Itahari 6,873,200 3,803,450 620,000 11,296,650 14 Kamalamai 22,152,620 590,000 22,742,620 15 Kawaswoti 18,090,000 4,830,700 840,000 23,760,700 16 Khairenitar 11,626,100 540,000 12,166,100 17 Kohalpur 18,101,000 740,000 18,841,000 18 Kusma 17,077,014 480,000 17,557,014 19 Lamki 10,528,000 1,810,600 670,000 13,008,600 20 Lekhnath 24,907,500 1,994,500 990,000 27,892,000 21 Mahendranagar 8,910,000 1,708,850 790,000 11,408,850 22 Parsa 1,390,000 6,654,000 660,000 8,704,000 23 Prithivinarayan 11,668,000 740,000 12,408,000 24 Ratnanagar 4,255,200 3,948,950 690,000 8,894,150 25 Sunwal 8,335,000 1,856,900 740,000 10,931,900 26 Surunga 3,340,000 5,131,500 990,000 9,461,500 27 Triyuga 13,234,650 2,291,200 720,000 16,245,850 28 Tulsipur 25,091,150 790,000 25,881,150 29 Waling 15,402,800 590,000 15,992,800 Total 402,968,894 59,794,850 20,570,000 483,333,744

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Final Report March 2012

186. The budget allocated for fiscal year 2068/69 by DWSS for rectification of technical deficiencies and capacity building has been also considered as an additional investment. Table 26 summarize net additional requirement considering budget allocated by DWSS for year FY 2068/69s.

Table 26 : Net Additional Investment Requirement for 29 Towns (With considering allocated budget for FY 20168/69 by DWSS)

Additional Planned Investment Package II in S. Total Investment Net Investment Town Project Current Fiscal Year - 68/69 (NRs.) by DWSS No. Required (NRs) Required (NRs) DWSS Part WUSC Part 1 Attariya 25,804,700 1,000,000 1,000,000 23,804,700 2 Bandipur 9,535,900 500,000 500,000 8,535,900 3 Bardghat 9,272,220 200,000 200,000 8,872,220 4 Bardibas 18,907,550 500,000 500,000 17,907,550 5 Belbari 7,919,600 200,000 200,000 7,519,600 6 Beni 14,579,000 500,000 500,000 13,579,000 7 Bijuwar 9,535,820 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,535,820 8 Birendranagar 59,798,070 1,500,000 1,500,000 56,798,070 9 Birtamod 16,478,700 700,000 700,000 15,078,700 10 Budhabare 10,008,450 200,000 200,000 9,608,450 11 Fikkal 17,976,800 500,000 500,000 16,976,800 12 Gorahi 16,324,050 500,000 500,000 15,324,050 13 Itahari 11,296,650 150,000 150,000 10,996,650 14 Kamalamai 22,742,620 200,000 200,000 22,342,620 15 Kawaswoti 23,760,700 2,200,000 2,200,000 19,360,700 16 Khairenitar 12,166,100 1,500,000 1,500,000 9,166,100 17 Kohalpur 18,841,000 2,500,000 2,500,000 13,841,000 18 Kusma 17,557,014 1,000,000 1,000,000 15,557,014 19 Lamki 13,008,600 250,000 250,000 12,508,600 20 Lekhnath 27,892,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 24,892,000 21 Mahendranagar 11,408,850 200,000 200,000 11,008,850 22 Parsa 8,704,000 500,000 500,000 7,704,000 23 Prithivinarayan 12,408,000 800,000 800,000 10,808,000 24 Ratnanagar 8,894,150 500,000 500,000 7,894,150 25 Sunwal 10,931,900 500,000 500,000 9,931,900 26 Surunga 9,461,500 500,000 500,000 8,461,500 27 Triyuga 16,245,850 1,000,000 1,000,000 14,245,850 28 Tulsipur 25,881,150 1,000,000 1,000,000 23,881,150 29 Waling 15,992,800 500,000 500,000 14,992,800 Sub Total 483,333,744 24,100,000 24,100,000 435,133,744

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Final Report March 2012

187. The total net investment required to operationalize the 29 towns with additional 10% physical contingency, 10% contingencies for price adjustment and including Value added taxes of 13% is estimated as NRs. 590.05 million (Rupees Five Hundreds Ninety Million and Fifty Thousand only).The detailed calculation of investment requirement has been annexed to this report (Annex -T2). 188. Envisaged town-wise improvement with additional investment has been detailed out and presented in Annex G-6.Remidial and rectification measures has been outline in each town project by physical observation and discussion with WUSC. Percentage increment in preset production volume has been estimated in those towns where additional production arrangement has been recommended. Similarly, increase in household connection by recommended extension works has been estimated on modest range reported by WUSC.

11. PRECONDITIONS SET FOR TOWNS TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES 189. The consultants are of the opinion that the preconditions must be set before injecting any additional investment to these 29 towns. The preconditions will help the town to make them more sustainable in long run to pay the debt and make them administratively and socially stronger. 190. The preconditions such as tariff adjustment, increment of tap connection, reduction of NRW are based on certain assumptions given for each town in Supplementary Town-Wise Report of Volume II. The detail outline of financial, social and technical preconditions set has been prepared for each town in Annex G - 7.

12. SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

12.1 Technical 191. It is recommended to adopt design discharge of deep tubewell in the range of 60 to 70% of estimated safe yield discharge. 192. It is suggested to adopt safe yield of surface source based hydrologically-based design flows. It is recommended to adopt the lowest 7-day average flow that occurs (on average) once every 5 years or more (7Q5). 193. It is recommended to monitor water quality of surface water source/s in different seasons of the year before designing the WTP. 194. Different population growth rate within the service area shall be adopted according to present and future land (envisaged) use pattern of the delineated service area. 195. It is recommended to assume trend of household connections in non-linear trend rather than linear trend. As per observation, the trend of household connections in the initial operation year was very low than envisaged earlier, which has increase substantially in later years of operation in most of the towns. 196. Adaptation of larger diameter HDPE pipes shall be carried out very carefully. 197. Selection of electro-mechanical components of water supply system shall be done according to availability of its spare parts and technical assistance. 198. It is recommended to carry out detailed investigation of existing distribution network before incorporating into new town system. Similarly, incorporation of old structures such as intake/s and reservoirs shall be carried after a thorough assessment. - 44 -

Final Report March 2012

199. It is recommended to use bulk water meter of one-size smaller diameter than main outlet pipes. This would increase accuracy of flow during low discharges and at the same time reduce cost of bulk meter considerably. 200. The peak factor of the water supply distribution shall be adopted carefully and shall be town specific. 201. The allowable water losses in distribution system shall be project specific. It shall be higher in those towns where elevation difference within the service area is substantially high. Similarly, some losses shall be allocated to transmission line system prior to determination of diversion discharge at intake in surface water based system. Preferably allocated losses in transmission system shall be based on length of transmission pipe line. 202. It is recommended not to use smaller diameter pipes in distribution network which is impractical to join saddle plates and ferrule for household connection. 203. It is strongly recommended to use combination of saddle plate and ferrule in every household connection. 204. It is recommended to use Regional Laboratory of the country for calibration of household meters and water quality tests at regular interval. 205. It is recommended to test water quality before designing of proposed treatment or pre- treatment unit/s proposed under additional investment..

12.2 Social 206. There is a need to either activate or reform some inactive WUSCs (Walling, Belbari, Triyuga, Mahendranagar and Kamalamai). 207. It is suggested to form and ensure effective mobilization of sub-committees such as monitoring and finance sub-committees to enhance the efficiency of WUSC as well as Ward/Tole committees to monitor and manage the water supply system. 208. Need to enhance transparency through organizing regular general assembly of WUA, and regular interaction and information dissemination to stakeholders. 209. It is recommended to enhance capacity of WUSCs through exposure visit and other relevant training programmes. 210. Organizational development study especially for large projects is recommended. Relevant training to the staff is also essential for skill enhancement of them. 211. Need to enhance the coordination with local governments and WSSDO incorporating them in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. 212. Mobilization of local governments’ fund is suggested for poor HH connection.

12.3 Financial 213. Need to Develop Proper Accounting Software for Uniform Financial Data Keeping: It is recommended that TDF should take initiative to develop an accounting package for WUSC. This will help to create uniformity and proper book keeping. In the same time the billing software need to be updated as per the common requirement of the WUSC. It is learned that present billing software developed by TDF is supported by UNHABITAT. 214. Loan Rescheduling: This applies differently to different towns. In the Volume II the town wise recommendation has been given with certain condition and assumptions for implementation. - 45 -

Final Report March 2012

In general rescheduling is recommended to 21 towns (please refer Table 24: Town Status on Loan Rescheduling). 215. Convert the government loan of TDF to equity: This may help to strengthen the financial position of the TDF. 216. More efficient Progressive tariff will contribute to pay back the debt as well as help for cross subsidy to the poor people. Those household whose consumption is high needs to pay more. 217. Establishment of Support Fund: In due course of project implementation and operation there are cases that the project may need support fund to overcome the adverse situation. In the current observation also it was found that the smooth operation of the towns was hindered due to natural calamities, design deficiency, less logistic support etc. WUSC may not be able to overcome this situation with their own resources. For this ministries/ departments/ organizations should coordinate to come up with a support system. This support should be offered to WUSC under certain fixed condition.

12.4 General 218. Smooth transition after completion of implementation and initial operating phase is very essential because most of the towns do not have full technical support and guidance from any institutions. 219. In totality, most of the towns do not have technical capability to handle operational issues. Most of the towns do not have full technical support and guidance from any institutions. The performances of few towns are very encouraging where technical support from DWSS or other institutions are fully available. 220. It is recommended either to develop a resource centre or business centre where WUSCs of small towns can access resource technical or financial advice on problems they are facing. The simple technical, social and financial advices delivered during the assessment process have shown significant improvement in overall management of water supply system, tariff adjustment and improvement on pay back debt by some towns. For instance the town Belbari, Sunwal's water supply was improved by little technical advice (please refer Box-1). Similarly after receiving the financial advice the towns Birendranagar, Kusma and Lekhnath raised the tariff (please refer Box-1). The timely advice will help the towns to overcome the difficulty to some extent. The resource centre or business centre for small towns could be outsourced to a private firm, if required. This can be done by the help of the government or external support. 221. Or recommended to initiate Mobile Technical Service. This comprises of a group of experts for a group of towns who will visit as and when required or in a regular basis in frequent intervals. The expense will be borne by the group of towns thus it will not be a financial burden to them as well because most of the towns cannot recruit very competent engineer or overseer or other financial expert with high salary "mobile technical service" can be recommended.

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Final Report March 2012

BOX-1: Some of the instances of immediate improvement reported after field visit

All households of Singha Devi of Belbari WN #4 (elevated service area) have regular water supply after installation of air valves in problematic stretches, which was suggested during field visit. Overflow of water in ground reservoir (RVT) of sub-system-1 has been transported to OHT (SS #2) as suggested during field visit. After installing suggested arrangement (temporarily), WUSC have saved electric cost of 10% during last three months (as reported). It has been reported that, Sunwal town are decreasing it system losses after replacing non- working water meters and replacing flanged joint in problematic butt joints in distribution system. As it has been reported, Kamalamai has considerably success in collecting even 7 to 8 years old dues after getting the real financial situation of the town and its impact in near future as affirmed during the visit. Birendranagar, Kusma and Lekhnath immediately acted on the process of tariff increment for their sustainability, after having crystal clear financial picture of their project as explained during the field visit. As reported they have managed to raise the tariff to some extent.

222. Capacity Development of WUSC staff is essential: Effective Capacity Development will empower communities with the management, technical, financial and institutional skills to manage their schemes in an effective and sustainable manner. An intensive support and coaching by experts may be required. For this financial and technical on-the-job training should be conducted as per need. To have a full-fledged practical coaching at the site and come up with the coaching results of all 29 towns highly experienced number of experts having different expertise is required. This may not be possible with the resources of WUSC. It may need the financial support of government or donors under technical assistance. 223. Regular Monitoring by TDF and DWSS: For proper functioning of the projects TDF and DWSS have to do close monitoring at least for first five years of operation. The technical assistance has to be taken care by DWSS and financial and institutional monitoring of the towns need to be taken care by TDF. The monitoring must be made at least twice in each town in one fiscal year with help of format made for monitoring. The DWSS and TDF should hold meeting once in a month and share their experience. Performance of the towns needs to be reviewed and evaluated. This will help to make the project vibrant.

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ANNEXES

ANNEX : G

GENERAL

Annex G-1: Detail Location of the Towns S.N. Town Region District Municipality/VDC Ward No. 1 Attaria Far Western Kailali Geta/Malakheti 3 and 6 to 9 2 Bandipur Western Tanahau Bandipur 1 to7and 9 3 Bardghat Western Nawalparasi Maker 4 4 Bardibas Central Mahottari Bardibas/Gauribas 1 to9 / 1,2 5 Belbari Eastern Morang Belbari 1,2,3,4 6 Beni Western Myagdi Arthunge/Ghatan/Pipl 1,2/6/1 7 Bijuwar Mid Western Pyuthan Bijuwar/ Bijayanagar/ Dakhakwadi/ Dharmawoti 1 to7/1 to3/1 to6/1 to4 8 Birendranagar * Mid Western Surkhet Birendranagar/ Latikoili/ Utarganga / Jarbutta 1 to12/1 to9/1 to9 /1 to4 9 Birtamod Eastern Jhapa Anarmani/ Arjundhara/ Sanischare/ Charpane 1 to 9/7 & 8/7 & 8/1 to 4 10 Budhabare Eastern Jhapa Budhabari 1 to 7 and 9 11 Fikkal Eastern Ilam Fikkal 2,3,5,6,7,8 12 Gorahi * Mid Western Dang Tribhuwannager 2,3,4,6,10,11 13 Itahari * Eastern Sunsari Itahari / Hasposa 1 to8 / 1 & 4 14 Kamalamai* Central Sindhuli Kamalamai 4,5,6,7,9 15 Kawaswoti Western Nawalparasi Kawasoti/Shivamandir 5 & 6/ 1 to7 16 Khairenitar Western Tanahau Khairanitar 8,9 17 Kohalpur Mid Western Banke Kohalpur/Rajhena 1 to4 / 4,7,8 18 Kusma Wesernt Parbat Shivalaya 1,3 to 9 19 Lamki Far Western Kailali Baliya 4,5,8 20 Lekhnath * Western Kaski Lekhnath 1 to9, 11 to15 21 Mahendranagar * Far Western Kanchanpur Mahendranagar 3,6,7,8 22 Parsa Central Chitwan Khairahani 2,4,6,7,8 23 Prithivinararan * Western Gorkha Prithvinarayan 1,2,3,6 24 Ratnanagar * Central Chitwan Ratnanagar 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 25 Sunwal Western Nawalparasi Sunwal 1 to 6 26 Surunga Eastern Jhapa Surunga 4,5,8,9 27 Triyuga * Eastern Udayapur Trijuga 1,2,3,17 28 Tulshipur * Mid Western Dang Tarigaon/Tulsipur 1,2,3,5,6,7,8/1 to9 29 Waling * Western Syangja Walling 1,2,3,5,8

NOTE * - Municipality Annex G-2: Name of Water User Sanitation Committee

S.N. Town Full Name of Water User's Sanitation Committee 1 Attariya Attariya Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 2 Bandipur Bandipur Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 3 Bardaghat Bardaghat Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee

4 Bardibas Bardibas Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 5 Belbari Belbari Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 6 Beni Beni Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 7 Bijuwar Brihat Bijuwar Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 8 Birendranagar Jhupra Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 9 Birtamod Birtamod Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 10 Budhabare Budhabare Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 11 Fikkal Fikkal Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 12 Ghorahi Ghorahi Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 13 Itahari Itahari Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 14 Kamalamai Siddheswor Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 15 Kawaswoti Kawaswoti Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 16 Khairenitar Khairenitar Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 17 Kohalpur Kohalpur Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 18 Kusma Shiwalaya Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 19 Lamki Lamki Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 20 Lekhanath Lekhnath Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 21 Mahendranagar Mahendranagar Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 22 Parsa Parsa Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 23 Prithvinarayan Prithivinarayan Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 24 Ratnanagar Ratnanagar Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 25 Sunwal Sunwal Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 26 Surunga Surunga Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 27 Triyuga Triyuga Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 28 Tulsipur Tulsipur Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee 29 Walling Walling Small Town Water Supply & Sanitation User's Committee

Annex G-3: No. of Participants in Interaction Meeting WUSC (including Political S.N. Town LG WSSDO Users Total sub-committee) Parties 1 Attariya 15 2 1 2 20 2Bandipur 10 1 2 13 3Bardghat 20 1 1 3 25 4Bardibas 13 1 1 15

5Belbari 13 4 17

6Beni 12 1 1 14 7Bijuwar 13 2 1 5 4 25 8Birendranagar 29 3 7 39 9Birtamod 12 1 13

10Budhabare 16 16

11Fikkal 11 2 1 14 12Gorahi 7 1 7 5 20 13Itahari 5 1 6

14Kamalamai 9 2 2 6 5 24 15 Kawaswoti 13 13

16Khairenitar 14 1 1 16

17Kohalpur 12 4 4 20 18Kusma 15 2 1 5 23 19Lamki 17 1 2 20 20Lekhnath 24 4 28

21 Mahendranagar 14 3 17

22Parsa 18 1 19 23Prithivinarayan 10 3 1 2 2 18 24Ratnanagar 9 1 1 11 25 Sunwal 9 3 12

26Surunga 7 1 8

27Triyuga 11 1 12

28Tulsipur 14 1 1 4 1 21 29Waling 5 1 6 27 39

Total 377 33 18 58 52 538

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations • • None of the tube wells are in operation. Drilling of new tube wells are in progress. 1 Attariya • • Silt pumping along with water was major issues of Tubewells. Need one good size of RVT for sedimentation as well as storage purposes. • • Large numbers of leaking joints in distribution Network. Simulation of operation of pumps with two reservoirs (Ground and Overhead) needs to • Heavy filled stretches along highway have problem in maintenance and be carried out before fixing the sizes and capacity of proposed ground RVT and pump HHs connection. capacities. • Need flanged joint connection in leaking pipe joints of HDPE pipes. • Need reticulation pipe lines in heavily buried stretches of distribution lines. • • Lack of relevant training and job description to the staff. Need to carry out Organization Development (OD) Study, provide relevant trainings and • Low awareness in sub-committees. job descriptions to the staff. • Formation of sub-committees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees and activation of existing Tole committees is required. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Need of relevant orientation and exposure visit to WUSC including sub-committees. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 948 HHs are remaining out of 1000 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new connections. • • Have not met debt service with present operating income. Tariff needs to be raised. • • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 7%. Rescheduling is required. • • Both sources are in depleting stages. Additional water sources are required. 2 Bandipur • • More than 30% of transmission water is leaking from new transmission Leaking pipes of new transmission line has to be replaced. line due to rusting by acidic nature of source water. • It is recommended that WUSC should make necessary arrangement to stop • Direct tap connections from the old transmission mains still exist. immediately direct tap connections from old transmission line. • • Low institutional capacity in terms of low number & skill of staffs. Formation of sub-committees such as monitoring sub-committee is required. • Need to recruit staff as per project need (such as Accountant) and provide relevant training to the staff. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • • Have met debt service with present operating income. Tariff needs to be raised for its future sustainability. • • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 100%. Rescheduling is required. • • Lack of pump house and boundary for TW outside the OHT premises Need protection for this tube well 3 Bardghat • • Large volume of water is wasted by spilling from surface water reservoir New arrangement for transport over-flow water to OHT from RVT is required. during rainy season. • Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas. • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. • • Low coverage of poor HHs due to low awareness. Formation of sub-committees such as monitoring sub-committee is required. • • Less no. of sub-committee. Low number, skill & motivation of staff. Billing software needs to bring into operation. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 490 HHs are remaining out of 512 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections.

1

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations • Need to recruit staff as per project need and provide relevant training to them.

• • Have met both O & M and Debt with its operating income. Rescheduling required along with increment in tariff for future financial sustainability. • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 102%. • New pumping system with sump- well shall be developed in order to increase production 4 Bardibas • Dispute in source is the main reason for low production discharge. • Lack of washout and air valves in transmission and distribution lines. capacity from Ratu River. • • SSF is not functioning. Filter media of SSF shall be made. • • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. Installations of few air valve and washout chambers are recommended. • Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas. • • Low transparency in terms of information dissemination. Need to organize regular general assembly of WUA as provisioned in WUSC constitution. • Formation of sub-committees such as finance/audit and monitoring sub-committees is required. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 251 are remaining out of 501 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections. • • Have met both O & M and Debt with its operating income. Need of tap connection increment of 5 % in average every year. • • Other income observed extensively higher than the water sale income Reduction of NRW to 35 % from 54.9% in the present situation recommended. which will not increase in same proportionate in future. • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 24% as of 16 July which was raised to 37 % as on 20 Nov 2011. • • Major distribution main across Lohandra River is problematic. Recommend to replace HDPE pipes of the river crossing by metallic pipes. 5 Belbari • • Lack of washout and air valves in distribution lines. Installations of few air valve and washout chambers are recommended. • • Large numbers of leaking joints in distribution Network. Need flanged joint connections in leaking pipe joints of HDPE pipes. • • Have very less HHs connection than envisaged (only 16%) Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas to increase HHs connection. • • Poor performance caused by passiveness, weak management, poor Either activation or reformation of WUSC as per the provision of WUSC’s constitution is relation with users & low transparency. needed. • • Low awareness level in users. Need to organize regular general assembly of WUA. • Formation of sub-committees at least finance/audit and monitoring sub-committees is required. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Recruitment of staff as per project need is required. • Need of relevant orientation and exposure visit to WUSC. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 908 poor HHs are remaining). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections.

2

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations • • Have not met both O & M and debt service with present operating Pro - activeness of management required to improve the overall situation. income. • Need to increase tap connection substantially. • Feeble Tap Connection • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 0%. • Need to provide bigger diameter of TL pipe in new intake area 6 Beni • There is a bottleneck in transmission line of new intake with size and it has been laid temporarily. • Need addition prêt-treatment unit (HRF) before SSF. • SSF does not function well due to high turbidity during rainy season. • Rehabilitation of old RVTs are necessary. • Old RVTs are leaking. • • No specific duties as per the post of staff. Need to carry out Organization Development (OD) Study and provide specific job descriptions to the staff. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • • Have not met debt service with present operating income. Expenses on Tariff has to be raised. maintenance are relatively high. • Rescheduling is required. • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 57%. • Expenses should be minimized. • Recommend to rehabilitate infiltration galleries as per the lowering bed level of Jhimruk 7 Bijuwar • Existing sump-well arrangement not functioning optimally as bed level of Source River is lowering. River (Source River). • • Joint breaking problem of socket in GI joints and GI/HDPE Connections. Need additional support for the completion of newly constructed sump-well by • WTP is not used due to budgetary problem. DWSSDO/WUSC. • • Interfering service area by newly developed other WS projects. Recommended to replace all problematic fittings of GI/HDPE joints. • It is recommended to operate WTP immediately. • • Less efficient WUSC and weak management. Organize regular WUSC meeting. • • Low HHs coverage and lack of willingness in local people due to Formation of sub-committees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees is interferences of many alternate schemes within the service area. required. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Need of relevant orientation programme and exposure visit to WUSC. • Billing software need to bring into operation • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 100 poor HHs are remaining). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections. • • Have not met debt service with present operating income. Additional 120 tap connection every year required. • • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 0%. Reduction of NRW to 40% from 56.3% in the present situation recommended. • • All tapped sources are in depleting stages. New pumping arrangement has been recommended from Bulbule Tal. 8 Birendranagar • • Landslide washed away portion of transmission line consisting of DI pipes It is recommended to restore washed away stretches of transmission pipe line in original • Old transmission line of Itram and Khokre Khola are bottleneck for state and take curative measure for landslide prone areas. • carrying discharge as these pipes are very old and have smaller dia. TL for both old intakes shall be rectified with new pipes • • Some stretches of new transmission line have bottleneck. The bottle neck sketches of new transmission pipes shall be replaced. • • Khokre Khola does not have any water treatment facilities. Construction of new HRF for Khokre Khola source has been recommended. • • More than 50% system losses of the town systems is due to major losses Old GI pipes of two distribution sub-systems shall be replaced in problematic stretches by HDPE pipes. 3

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations from two distribution sub-systems. • The issue of development of new WS scheme by Nepal Army has to resolve from higher • New WS scheme is developing by Nepal Army from one of the source authorities. river of Town Project. • • Less inclusive WUSC and low political harmony. Need to carry out Organization Development (OD) Study, provide relevant trainings and • Low motivation & sincerity in the staff. job descriptions to the staff. • Enhance interaction and coordination with political parties and beneficiaries. • Provide code of conducts to staff. • Formation of sub-committees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees is required. Consideration should be given in inclusiveness in such sub-committees. • Incorporate Municipality and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Billing software needs to bring into operation. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 1600 HHs are remaining out of 3600 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections. • • Have not met both O & M and debt service with present operating Need to raised tariff income. • Need of tap connection increment of 5 % in average every year. • Even with currently increased Tariff of NRS 60 it cannot meet the debt • An expense needs to be minimized. service for long period • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 44%. • It is recommended to drill new borehole/s and installation of new tube well/s in order to 9 Birtamod • One of tube well of one sub-system is in not working condition and abandoned by WUSC due to depleting discharge. increase service level of the system. • • Frequent breaking of stand by generators in all sub-systems Need Trailer Mounted Mobile Generator set for backup for installed generator set as the • One of Diesel Generator Set is in not working condition. system is very big. • • There is no spare pump-set kept in the store. Immediate repairing of Generators is recommended. • • None of the Bulk Water meter are in operating condition. Additional pumps are required to enhance service level of the system. • • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. It is recommended to provide movable ultra sonic water meter. • Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas. • • No division of work forming sub-committees. Formation of sub-committees such as finance/audit and monitoring sub-committees is required. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 1400 HHs are remaining out of 1431 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new connections. • • Tariff on progressive band is low. Tariff along with Progressive tariff has to be increased. • • Have not met debt service with present operating income. Rescheduling is required. • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 25% as of 16 July 2011, which was raised to 59 % as on 20 Nov 2011. • • One of the Tube well (TW #2) is pumping mud water. It is recommended to drill new borehole and installation of new tube well in Hokse area. 10 Budhabare • • The diesel generator set of Kali Khola sub-system has been broken down Recommend to replace old diesel generator set at Kali Khola. 4

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations since operation. • It is recommended to repair non-working booster pump. • One of the booster pumps is also in non-operating condition. • Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas. • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. • • No division of work forming sub-committees. Formation of subcommittees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees is • Lack of necessary appliances required for regular office work. required. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 282 HHs are remaining out of 360 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new connections. • Need of necessary office appliances. .

• • Have not met both O & M and debt service with present operating Needs to increase tap connection in number along with raise in tariff income. • Rescheduling is required. • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 1%. • Reduction of NRW to 28% from 30.5% in the present situation recommended. 11 Fikkal • The Mayum River crossing is a problematic. • Need to replace spigot DI pipe by flanged DI pipes at river crossing. • Town water supply has high turbidity during rainy season. • It is recommended to construct horizontal roughening filter. • Bursting of water meter and HDPE pipe has been observed. • Water meter of pressure range of 16 to 20 bars shall be recommended during new • The RVT areas do not have proper boundary. purchase and problematic distribution HDPE pipe stretches of high pressure area shall • It is difficult to maintain transmission line system due to remoteness. be replaced by GI pipes. • Need safer boundary wall in all storage reservoir locations. • Need to construct one smaller size maintenance unit at upper stretches of transmission line. • • Less tap connection due to low awareness level and interference of other Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. WS projects. • Provide specific job descriptions to the staff. • Billing software needs to bring into operation. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 154 HHs are remaining out of 210 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections. • • It will be difficult to meet debt service with present operating income. Tariff has to be substantially raised. • • Income and Expenses imbalance growth observed. Rescheduling is required. • • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 8% as of 16 July 2011. This Reduction of NRW to 50 % from 66.7% in the present situation. was raised to 12% as on 20 Nov 2011. • It is recommended to construct a sump well in Sewer Khola and boring of new well at 12 Ghorahi • Both surface water and ground water sources are in depleting stage. • SSF of SS #3 does not function well due to high turbidity during rainy appropriate location. • season. Sand media of slow sand filter of SS #3 shall be changed. • • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas. • • Weak relation with municipality and DDC Need to carry out Organization Development (OD) Study, provide relevant trainings and job descriptions to the staff. 5

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations • Billing software needs to bring into operation. • Incorporate Municipality and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Prepare tap connection policy (including for poor HHs (at present about 275 HHs are remaining out of 500 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections. • • Have not met debt service with present operating income even in its Tariff has to be substantially raised. raised tariff. • Rescheduling is required. • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 46% as of 16 July. This was • Reduction of NRW to 41 % from 48.4% in the present situation recommended. raised to 64 % as on 20 Nov 2011. • • There is no spare pump-set kept in the store. Additional pumps are required to enhance service level of the system. 13 Itahari • • Frequent breaking of stand by generators in all sub-systems Need Trailer Mounted Mobile Generator set for backup for installed generator set as the • Lack of washout and air valves in newly laid distribution lines. system is very big. • • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. Installations of few air valve and washout chambers are recommended. • Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas • • Less inclusive WUSC. Lack of political harmony and commitment. Enhance interaction and coordination with political parties and beneficiaries • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 1847 HHs are remaining out of 2000 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new connections. • • Have met both O & M and Debt with its present operating income. Tariff and tap connection has to be substantially raised. • • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 19%. Rescheduling is required. • It is recommended to implement the sump well and pumping system from River Gadeuli. 14 Kamalamai • Presently the town system is operating on 44.4% of design discharge since proposed sump-well with pumping arrangement has not been • In depth assessment is necessary in order to provided new RVT and lay new distribution implemented. pipes as many changes have been made during implementation from tender drawings. • Distribution area, pipe size and RVT sizes for particular sub-distribution • It is recommended to replace very old reservoirs (RVT #2) constructed during 70’s. system are not synchronized during design and implementation. • Need good size of RVT at Army Camp and Damar area. • All old RVTs are leaking and in miserable condition. • It is recommended to Increase metering practice. • RVT at Army camp have lower capacity • Installations of few air valve and washout chambers are recommended. • Very poor metering practices (more than 25% of service HHs). • Lack of washout and air valves in distribution network. • • Poor performance due to low efficiency of WUSC and weak management. Need to organize regular assembly meeting of WUA. • • Exclusion of poor. Formation of sub-committees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees is required. • Incorporate Municipality and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Need of relevant orientation and exposure visit to WUSC. • Provide code of conducts to WUSC member and staff. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 648 poor HHs are remaining). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections.

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Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations • • Have not met debt service with present operating income. The provided Pro - activeness of management required to improve the overall situation. data is not matching with cash flow statement. • Tariff and tap connection has to be substantially raised. • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 3% as of 16 July which was • Reduction of NRW to 70% from 86% in the present situation recommended. raised to 4% as on 20 Nov 2011. • The transmission line of Kerunga Khola shall be restored to initial state by providing DI 15 Kawaswoti • There is a frequent disruption of major transmission line (Kerunga Khola) due to flood. Temporary arrangement has been made for the transmission pipe with proper anchorage in vulnerable stretches. line system. • Additional tube well is required to supplement water production of town system. • Koilapanii source (other source) has large seasonal variation in • The sand media of the SSF (WTP #2) has to be changed. production and in depletion stages. Therefore, Population growth could • Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas not be served by existing tapped discharges. • The SSF of WTP #2 has been found in non-working condition • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. • • Low awareness and motivation in users. Recruitment of additional staff as per project need and relevant training to the staff is • Low number and skill of staff. required. • Need to carry out Organization Development (OD) Study. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Prepare tap connection policy (including for poor HHs (at present about 225 HHs are remaining out of 750 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections. • • Have met both O & M and Debt with its present operating income. Increase in tap connection number with certain income growth limiting the expenses • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 100%. may not required rescheduling. • Old pumping system can be restored by newly designed pumping system with sump- 16 Khairenitar • All surface water sources have been depleted significantly in recent years. well. • • The town system is not able to fulfill demand of additional population with As most of the components of this Bhung Bhunge have been completed by WUSC, a existing sources especially in dry season. new HRF and RVT is necessary for this newly developed source in order to treat and • The storage capacity of the town WS system is low because WUSC has store clean water for distribution of lower elevated service area. tapped water from new source (Bhung Bhunge Khola) to cater lopsided growth of population. • • Perfect in terms of population coverage (144% of planned population) and Provide relevant training to the staff. overall performance of the WUSC is satisfactory. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee.

• • Have met both O & M and Debt with its present operating income. Better accounting system should be implemented to enhance the delivery level. • • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 100%. Rescheduling is not required. • Concept of well field production shall be developed at Aanandanagar area. Because this 17 Kohalpur • Presently, whole town WS system is depending upon only two tube wells (out of 5 wells). area have better ground water potential. New tubewell of good size and greater depth is • The town water supply system presently have only 7 to 9 lps of water required • from combination of pumping and free artesian flow which is less than Need to construct new ground storage reservoir to store water from TWs before 29% of planned design discharge of the town system. pumping to OHT. This RVT should be also used as a sedimentation purposes. • • Reservoirs sizing was carried out without simulation of pumping schedule Simulation of operation of pumps with three reservoirs (2 –RVT and 1 OHT) need to be 7

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations and collection in both reservoirs considered together. carryout before fixing the sizes and capacity of RVT and pumps. • There is no spare pump-set kept in the store. • Additional pumps are required to enhance service level of the system. • • Inactive sub-committee and low skill in staffs. Formation of sub-committees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees is • Low coverage due to low awareness in local people. required. • Need to carry out Training Need Assessment (TNA) and provide relevant trainings to the staff. • .Billing software needs to bring into operation. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Need of relevant orientation and exposure visit to WUSC. • Prepare tap connection policy(including for poor HHs (at present about 1000 HHs are remaining out of 1125 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new connections.

• • Have not met both O & M and debt service with present operating Need to increase the number of tap connection along with raised tariff. income. • Rescheduling is required. • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 15%. • New source water need to be added from Chiuri Dhad during rainy season and new 18 Kusma • The town system is not able to fulfill demand of additional population with existing sources. sump-well arrangement need to be develop from Daundare Khola spring source. • • SSF is not functioning well. The frequency is about a weak during rainy Ned of roughing filters is in old transmission system. season which is against the design principle of slow sand filter. • Old RVT (#2) need to be replaced by new bigger size reservoir. • Storage reservoirs are old and leaking. • Similarly, storage RVT #1 shall be recommended to rehabilitate. • All the storage reservoirs are in isolated area near jungle and it difficult • Automatic dosing pump has been recommended to the reservoir sites. and impracticable to disinfect water manually. • • Social and political environments are not fully supportive due to political Need to enhance interaction and coordination with political parties and beneficiaries. and personal ego. • Need to carry out Organization Development (OD) Study. • Formation of sub-committees such as monitoring sub-committee is required . • Billing software needs to bring into operation. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 50 HHs are remaining out of 200 poor HHs). • • Have met both O & M and Debt with its operating income. Need to increase the tap connection • • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 85% as of 16 July which was Rescheduling is not required. managed to 100 % till 20 Nov 2011. • Drilling of a new shallow tube well in vicinity is recommended and monitoring of water 19 Lamki • The main problem of Lamki is calcium deposition in pipelines and meter. The calcinations problem exists in filtration unit as well and it is hard to quality of the drilled well is needed for minimum of 18 to 24 months before added to backwash. dilute calcium concentration of distribution water. • • Only few numbers of washout valves have been constructed and are in Minimum of 15 to 20 washout chambers shall be recommended to install at depressed working condition. location of distribution network • • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas 8

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations • About 25% of water meter are not working properly. • All problematic meters shall be repaired or replace.

• • Institutional weakness in terms HR management (low skill of staff, no Need to carry out Training Need Assessment (TNA), and provide relevant trainings and specific job to staff) specific job descriptions to the staff. • Billing software needs to bring into operation. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 1000 HHs are remaining out of 2000 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new connections. • • Have not met both O & M and debt service with present operating Pro activeness of the management needed income. • Tariff has to be raised substantially. • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 10% as of 16 July which was . managed to 21 % till 20 Nov 2011. • Water quality section of DWSS has been developing proposed HRF for new 20 Lekhnath • Transmitted water from new transmission line has high turbidity during rainy season. transmission system. It is recommended to provide shift old intake to new location and • Bottleneck in New Transmission System at Chilaunedanda provide intake filters at the intake site of new source. • • Large numbers of leaking joints in distribution Network. Needs to re-alignment of the transmission line by same size of DI pipe. • • Lack of washout and air valves in distribution lines and transmission Need flanged joint connection in leaking pipe joints of HDPE pipes. • mains. Installations of few air valve and washout chambers are recommended. • • Heavy filled stretches along highway have problem in maintenance and Need reticulation pipe lines in heavily buried stretches of distribution lines. HHs connection. • Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. • Overall performance of the WUSC was observed satisfactory. • Need to carry out Organization Development (OD) Study. • Identify and executive partnership programs in cost sharing modality with local government. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs at present about 535 HHs are remaining out of 900 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new connections. • • Have met both O & M and Debt with its operating income. Increment of tap connection with certain income growth even in the current raised tariff • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 109%. of NRS 120. • Rescheduling is required. • Reduction of NRW to 40% from 45.9% in the present situation recommended. • To reduce lime encrustation problem in distribution network, 24 hours supply shall be 21 Mahendranagar • Lime encrustation problem is causing major problem in distribution network nowadays. maintained. • • Only few numbers of washout valves have been constructed and are in New well comprising of low concentration of calcium should be identified in the vicinity. working condition. The source (tube well) shall be monitored minimum of 18 to 24 months and shall be • Control valve of WTP are not working properly. added to dilute existing tube well water. • • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. Minimum of 20 to 25 washout chambers shall be recommended to install at depressed 9

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations • About 30% of water meter are not working properly. location of distribution network. • All electrical wirings and MCB are in very pathetic condition. • It is recommended to replace control valve of water treatment plant • Generator set is not in working condition. • Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas. • Lack of training and exposure visits. • All problematic meters shall be repaired or replace • WUSC is very week in overall management. • All electrical wiring and electrical gadgets shall be replaced immediately. • It is recommended to repair or replace non-working generator. • • Scattered settlements with rural characteristics and low awareness level Either activation or reformation of WUSC as per provision of WUSC constitution is in users. required. • • Inefficient WUSC due to internal conflict and lack of cohesion. Interaction and coordination with political parties and beneficiaries need to be enhanced. • Need to organize regular general assembly meeting of WUA. • Formation of sub-committees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees is required. • Incorporate Municipality and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Need of relevant orientation and exposure visit. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 63 HHs are remaining out of 485 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new connections. • • Marginally met its O & M with its present operating income. Tariff has to be raised substantially. • • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 13%. Pro-activeness of management required to improve the overall situation. • Rescheduling is required. • Reduction of NRW to 45% from 51.9% in the present situation recommended. • • Controls valves of borehole platform are leaking. Leaking valves have to be replaced by new valves. 22 Parsa • • WUSC does not have additional DI fittings in store. Few additional DI fittings are required. • • Numbers of air valves and washout in distribution system are lacking. Installations of few air valve and washout chambers are recommended. • • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas • • Inactive ward committees. Need of awareness programme to the beneficiaries. • Need to activate of sub-committee mainly Ward committees. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs. • Awareness campaign for new tap connections. • • Have met both O & M and Debt with its operating income. Increase in tap connection number with certain income growth limiting the expenses • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 70%. may not require rescheduling. • Need to incorporate internal sources immediately by increasing production reliability of 23 Prithivinarayan • Water from internal sources is not incorporated as planned. • The transmission system and its components of pumping transmission the town system with the help of new TW so that confidence level of local sources' user system of town project are not functioning well during failure of city power would increase. • supply for long period since the pumping system is not well synchronized Need additional retention RVTs at Dhovan and storage RVT at in transmission system for such power failure. so that 3 to four hours continuous pumping can be done. It is recommended to increase • Turbidity was a main problem in water of external sources during rainy the capacity of retention RVT by more than double folds. Similarly, capacity of storage seasons. Efficiency of the installed pressure filter was significantly reservoirs shall be increased. 10

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations reduced and could not be operate for higher turbidity therefore the • As the under construction HRF at Dhovan by DWSSDO would reduce excessive installed treatment plant is not functioning. turbidity in external sources once it will be in operation, it is recommended to either • Lack of proper equipments for maintenance. make installed Dyana Sand Filter functional or convert this sand filter to a regular pressure filter or remove it altogether. • Proper maintenance equipment sets are needed. • • No work division forming sub- committees. Need to organize regular general assembly meeting of WUA. • • Less transparency in the absence of regular general assembly of WUA. Need to form subcommittees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees. • Incorporate Municipality and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Recruit of staff as per project need (including accountant) and provide specific job descriptions to the staff. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 25 HHs are remaining out of 45 poor HHs). • • Have not met debt service with present operating income. Tariff has to be raised substantially along with increase in tap connection number. At the • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 2%. same time expense needs to be minimized. • Rescheduling is required. • Need to replace about 1500 to 2000 HHs meters. 24 Ratnanagar • Most of HHs water meters are not working after few months of operation damaged due to intermittent operational hours. • It is recommended to install new bulk water meters at main outlets of OHT. • Bulk water meters are not working. • Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas. • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. • Development of new WS schemes within service area shall be stopped. • Interfering service area by newly developed other WS projects. • • Low motivation level in staffs Need to enhance motivation of staff providing reasonable facilities. • • Coverage problem due to large number poor HHs. Need to form sub-committees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees • Lack of budget for awareness program and interference of other WS and activate Ward committees. • schemes. Billing software needs to bring into operation. • Incorporate Municipality and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Need of relevant orientation and exposure visit to WUSC including sub-committees. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 1993 HHs are remaining out of 2000 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new connections. • • Have met both O & M and Debt with its operating income. Tariff and tap connection has to be raised. • • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 50% as of 16 July which was Rescheduling not required. raised to 59 % as on 20 Nov 2011. • • Most of the installed tube wells are not functioning well. Recommended the install new tube well with uniform diameter pipe in entire depth. 25 Sunwal • • RVTs site is located in very vulnerable area and landslide is propagating A complete package on mitigation of landslide would be required. More emphasis shall towards RVTs location. be given to curative measure for landslide prone areas. • • Installed treatment plant is not functioning. Need to repair of treatment unit immediately. • • Large numbers of leaking joints in distribution Network. Need to replace all problematic HDPE butt joints to flanged joints. • • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas. • • Most of HHs water meters are not working properly. Need to replace about 1500 to 2000 HHs meters 11

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations • Lack of training and exposure visits to staff and working members of WUSC. • • Unwillingness of users for tap connection and inactiveness of WUSC due Need to form subcommittees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees. to system inefficiency and lack of fund for its improvement. • Need to organize regular WUSC board meeting and general assembly meeting of WUA. • Low coverage of poor HH due to low awareness level and rural • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. characteristics with widely scattered settlements. • Need of relevant orientation and exposure visit to WUSC. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 499 HHs are remaining out of 500 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new connections. • • Have not met debt service with present operating income. Tariff has to be raised substantially along with Increase in tap connection number. • • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 9% as of 16 July which was Reduction of NRW to 50% from 60.5% in the present situation recommended. raised to 17% as on 20 Nov 2011. • Additional pumps are required to enhance service level of the system. 26 Surunga • Electricity supply voltage is low, which affects the performance of the electro-mechanical equipment especially the pumps. • Additional pumps are required to enhance service level of the system. • There is no spare pump-set kept in the store and bulk water meter is not • It is recommended to provide movable ultra sonic water meter. working. • It is recommended to replace control valve of water treatment plant. • Butterfly valves of WTP are not working properly. • Need to lay additional distribution pipes lines in newly developed areas. • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed area. • • No sufficient staff. Need to organize regular assembly meeting of WUA. • • Low awareness level in users. Need to recruit additional staff as per project need and provide relevant trainings to the • No division of work forming sub committees. staff. • Need to form subcommittees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees. • Need to carry out Organization Development (OD) Study. • Incorporate DDC and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 385 HHs are remaining out of 400 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections. • • Have met both O & M and Debt with its operating income. Tariff has to be raised along with Increase in tap connection number with certain income • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 100%. growth and at the same time containing the expense. • For future sustainability Rescheduling is required. • • The new intake seems to very temporary and vulnerable to flooding. Rehabilitation of newly constructed intake is necessary. 27 Triyuga • • Shifted transmission lines are in temporary arrangement to continuing Need to install 250 m DI pipe in new transmission line. Necessary RCC water production systems. saddle/anchorage blocks are also recommended in this stretch. • • Lack of air valve and washout chambers in transmission lines. Recommended to provide washout and air chambers in problematic area of • Lack of maintenance of WTP and its surroundings. transmission lines. • • Lack of distribution pipes in newly developed are and old Gaighat Bazaar Regular cleaning and maintaining of all components of WTP and surroundings is area essential including sedimentation tank and its premises. • • Heavy filled stretches along distribution pipes of SS # 4 have problem in Additional distribution pipes are required to incorporated large number of HHs of maintenance and HHs connection. Gaighat Bazaar and Gairan area. 12

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations • Need reticulation line in heavily filled stretches of SS #4.

• • Poor performance and low credibility of WUSC. Either activation or reformation of WUSC as per provision of WUSC’s constitution is • Weak management and low efficiency of WUSC. required. • • Lack of cohesion and trust among the members of WUSC Need to organize regular assembly meeting of WUA • • Less transparency in financial matter. Interaction and coordination with political parties and beneficiaries need to be enhanced. • • Low awareness level in users. Need to provide code of conduct to the WUSC members and staff. • Need to form sub-committees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees. • Incorporate Municipality and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Need of relevant orientation and exposure visit to WUSC. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 1222 HHs are remaining out of 1500 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections. • • Have not met both O & M and debt service with present operating Pro - activeness of management required to improve the overall situation. income. • Tariff has to be raised substantially along with Increase in tap connection number. • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 0%. • Rescheduling is required. • Reduction of NRW to 60% from 88.8% in the present situation recommended. • Financial and technical assistance is required to complete remaining works newly drilled 28 Tulsipur • Both (ground and surface water) sources are in depleting stage. • There is a bottleneck in transmission line system of surface water tube well by DWSSDO. A new Sump well is required to supplement water to Old sum- production system. well. • • All intakes and collection chambers of surface water system are leaking. CC of Bigger sizes is needed to stop overflow of transmission system. • • Old reservoirs at Rakcchachour are leaking and in pathetic condition. All leaking intakes and collection chambers shall be repaired or replaced. • • SSF of Rakcchachour is not working properly. Need to provide one RVT of good size in Rakcchachour • • There is problem of main distribution pipe from reservoir of Tikrapatu (SS The filter media of the SSF of Rakcchachour need to be changed. • #7), Min distribution pipe from reservoir of Tikrapatu (SS #7) shall be replaced by appropriate • Proper fencing or boundary wall of sources and RVT are not carried out. size of pipe which need detail investigation. • • There is no spare pump-set kept in the store in order to increase reliability Proper fencing or boundary wall of sources shall be necessary including collection of ground water system. chambers and other important components of water supply. • • Lack of washout chambers in distribution network. Additional pumps are required to enhance service level of the system. • • Most of the old sub-system such as SS # 3 & 4 do not have (>50% of Need to construct few washout chambers in depressed location of distribution network. • HHS) water meter in their HHs connection. It is recommended to increase metering practices in SS #3 and SS #4. • • Incorporation of old distribution network without proper investigation. New approach of pipe network shall be introduced by changing old distribution system in • Lack of training and exposure visits to staff and working members of loop system by laying some stretches of new looping pipe. However, through WUSC. investigation has been recommended. • Recommended to trained meter readers of Bulk Water Meter and pump operator. Training on book keeping of bulk water meter readings and pump operating hours is also necessary.

13

Annex G-4: Major Issues and Findings Observed of 29 Town Projects (As of 16 July 2011) SN Town Major Issues and Findings Recommendations • • No division of work forming sub-committees. Need to form sub-committees such as monitoring sub-committee. • Need to organize regular assembly meeting of WUA. • Carry out Training Need Assessment (TNA) and provide training as per need. • Need to bring billing software into operation. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 200 HHs are remaining out of 300 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new connections. • • Have met both O & M and Debt with its operating income. Increment in tap connection needed. • • Less tariff slab Increase in number of tariff slab. • • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 44% as of 16 July which was Rescheduling is not required. managed to 58 % till 20 Nov 2011. • Reduction of NRW to 50% from 57.2% in the present situation recommended. • Dispute of sources shall be resolved by tapping same discharges as of old schemes and 29 Walling • The town project system is not in full operation due to dispute in major source/s. new town system shall be recommended to operate in low system discharge. Once the • The sub-systems which are depend on Lalupate and its tributaries have service connection would increase with low system discharge, additional discharges can been not functioning. be tapped with pumping arrangement from Andhi Khola because the electricity tariff in this area are available in subsidized rate. • • Poor performance, weak management and inactive WUSC due to internal Need to either activation or reformation of WUSC as per provision of WUSC’s conflict based on political and personal ego. constitution. • • Dispute in source. Require to formation of negotiation sub-committee to settle the dispute in source. • Need to form sub-committees such as finance/ audit and monitoring sub-committees • Need to recruit staff as per project need and provide relevant training to them. • Incorporate Municipality and WSSDO in the board as a member/permanent Invitee. • Prepare tap connection policy including for poor HHs (at present about 200 HHs are remaining out of 300 poor HHs). • Awareness campaign for new tap connections. • • Financial Data not made available Should made project active under STWSSP-1. • Total debt service payment made to TDF is 0%.

14

Annex G-5-A: Trainning, Exposure Visit and Other Studies Required for Capacity Development of WUSC

Basic technical Electro- Book keeping Training for Exposure Visit Plumber / Training on water Training on Billing Organization Business Awareness Accounting & training on WS mechanical training of Pump meter reader to Staff & S. N. Town Wielder quality/WQ-Kit/ Ultra Sonic Software Development Plan Training about Book Keeping system & its operator & Generator including bulk Working Training WTP Operator Flow Meter Training Study(OD) Preparation NRW Training components training operation water meter Committee reader 1Attaria SR SR R SR R R R SR R SR R R 2Bandipur R R R SR R R SR R R R SR R 3Bardghat R R R SR R R SR R SR SR R R 4Bardibas R SR R SR R R R R R SR SR SR 5Belbari SR R R SR SR R SR R R SR SR SR 6Beni SR R R R R RSR R SR SR R 7Bijuwar SR SR SR SR SR R SR R R SR SR SR 8Birendranagar SR R SR SR R R SR SR SR SR SR R R 9Birtamod SR SR R SR SR R SR SR R R SR SR SR 10Budhabare SR SR SR R SR R SR R R SR SR SR 11Fikkal SR SR SR R R SR R R SR SR R 12Gorahi SR SR R SR SR SR SR SR R SR SR R 13Itahari SR SR R R SR R SR R R R SR SR R 14Kamalamai SR SR R SR SR SR R R R SR SR R 15Kawaswoti R R R SR R SR R SR SR SR R R 16Khairenitar R SR SR R SR R SR R R SR SR R 17Kohalpur SR SR SR R SR R SR R R SR SR SR 18Kusma SR R R SR R SR SR R R SR R R 19Lamki SR SR R SR SR SR SR R R R SR SR 20Lekhnath R R R SR R SR SR R SR SR SR R R 21Mahendranagar SR SR R SR SR SR SR R R SR SR SR 22Parsa R SRSR R R R SR R SR R R R 23Prithivinarayan SR SR SR SR R R SR R R SR SR SR 24Ratnanagar R R R R R R SR R SR R SR SR 25Sunwal SR SR SR SR SR SR R R R SR SR SR 26Surunga R R R R R R SR SR SR SR SR R R 27Triyuga SR R SR SR SR SR R R SR SR SR 28Tulsipur SR SR R SR SR SR SR R R SR SR SR 29Waling SR R SR SR SR R R R R SR SR SR

Note: SR-Strongly Recommended Urgently R- Recommended Annex G-5-B: Tentative Budget Required for Capacity Development of WUSC (Based on Recommendation made on Annex G-5-A)

Training for Basic technical Electro- Training on Book keeping Accounting Exposure Plumber / meter reader Training on Billing Organization Business Awareness S. training on WS mechanical water training of Pump & Book Visits to Staff Total Amount Town Wielder including bulk Ultra Sonic Software Dev. Plan Training about N. system & its operator quality/WQ-Kit/ & Generator Keeping & Working (NRs) Training water meter Flow Meter Training Study(OD) Preparation NRW components training WTP Operator operation Training Committee reader 1 Attariya 120,000 70,000 - 70,000 - - - - 200,000 - 120,000 - - 580,000 2 Bandipur - - - 70,000 - - - 120,000 - - - 90,000 - 280,000 3 Bardghat - - - 70,000 - - - 120,000 - 400,000 120,000 - - 710,000 4 Bardibas - 70,000 - 70,000 ------120,000 90,000 80,000 430,000 5 Belbari 120,000 - - 70,000 70,000 - - 120,000 - - 120,000 90,000 80,000 670,000 6 Beni 120,000 ------200,000 - 120,000 90,000 - 530,000 7 Bijuwar 120,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 - - 120,000 - - 120,000 90,000 80,000 810,000 8 Birendranagar 120,000 - 70,000 70,000 - - 150,000 120,000 200,000 400,000 120,000 - - 1,250,000 9 Birtamod 120,000 70,000 - 70,000 70,000 - 150,000 120,000 - - 120,000 90,000 80,000 890,000 10 Budhabare 120,000 70,000 70,000 - 70,000 - - 120,000 - - 120,000 90,000 80,000 740,000 11 Fikkal 120,000 - 70,000 70,000 - - - 120,000 - - 120,000 90,000 - 590,000 12 Gorahi 120,000 70,000 - 70,000 70,000 50,000 - 120,000 200,000 - 120,000 90,000 - 910,000 13 Itahari 120,000 70,000 - - 70,000 - 150,000 - - - 120,000 90,000 - 620,000 14 Kamalamai 120,000 70,000 - 70,000 70,000 50,000 - - - - 120,000 90,000 - 590,000 15 Kawaswoti - - - 70,000 - 50,000 - - 200,000 400,000 120,000 - - 840,000 16 Khairenitar - 70,000 70,000 - 70,000 - - 120,000 - - 120,000 90,000 - 540,000 17 Kohalpur 120,000 70,000 70,000 - 70,000 - - 120,000 - - 120,000 90,000 80,000 740,000 18 Kusma 120,000 - - 70,000 - 50,000 - 120,000 - - 120,000 - - 480,000 19 Lamki 120,000 70,000 - 70,000 70,000 50,000 - 120,000 - - - 90,000 80,000 670,000 20 Lekhnath - - - 70,000 - 50,000 150,000 - 200,000 400,000 120,000 - - 990,000 21 Mahendranaga 120,000 70,000 - 70,000 70,000 50,000 - 120,000 - - 120,000 90,000 80,000 790,000 r 22 Parsa - 70,000 70,000 - - - - 120,000 - 400,000 - - - 660,000 23 Prithivinarayan 120,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 - - - 120,000 - - 120,000 90,000 80,000 740,000 24 Ratnanagar ------120,000 - 400,000 - 90,000 80,000 690,000 25 Sunwal 120,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 50,000 - - - - 120,000 90,000 80,000 740,000 26 Surunga ------150,000 120,000 200,000 400,000 120,000 - - 990,000 27 Triyuga 120,000 - - 70,000 70,000 50,000 - 120,000 - - 120,000 90,000 80,000 720,000 28 Tulsipur 120,000 70,000 - 70,000 70,000 50,000 - 120,000 - - 120,000 90,000 80,000 790,000 29 Waling 120,000 - 70,000 70,000 70,000 - - - - - 120,000 90,000 50,000 590,000 Total 2,400,000 1,120,000 700,000 1,470,000 1,050,000 500,000 750,000 2,400,000 1,400,000 2,800,000 3,000,000 1,890,000 1,090,000 20,570,000 Note: The above budget is for the strongly recommended programs. Annex G-6: Envisaged Town-wise Improvement with Proposed Additional Investment SN TOWN Details of work Envisaged Improvement with Additional Investment Rectification and Remedial Works

Construction of Ground Water Reservoir and Pipe Increase Production of clean water and reliability of service level with respect to consumption and service hour by construction of ground store 1 Attariya arrangement cum sedimentation tank facilities. Simulation of ground tank and OHT is utmost necessary for this envisaged betterment.

Rectification of Distribution pipe lines Control joint breaking and reduce NRW Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capacity to enhance efficient repair, maintenance and management which would improve service level Rectification and Remedial Works

Addition of New Source and Repairing of Old TL Would increase Production about 16% more than the present system discharge (assumed increase discharge @ 0.5 lps)

Control leakage in transmission Line (TL) and system discharge could increase up to 25% of recent discharge (assuming minimum of 1 lps has Replacement of Old TL of Harendanda Source been estimated to increase) 2 Bandipur Providing Disinfection Arrangement Will enhance the service level with respect to water quality

Tapping of New Source of Geru Khola (Option-1) Will increase production about 32% more than the present system discharge (assuming about 1 lps discharge would increase in the system)

Tapping of New Source of Tamu Khola (Option-2) Will increase present production volume by 164% (about 2 lps additional discharge has been envisaged)

Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capacity to enhance service level and management with respect to water quality and maintenance. Rectification and Remedial Works Protection of intake (gabion protection) Increase reliability of transmission supply of Gravity Sub-system Replacement of Bulk Water Meters Will enhance water management and water audit 3 Bardghat Permanent by-pass arrangement from RVT to Save Electricity bill up to 10% annually by collecting spill out water to OHT from ground reservoir of surface source OHT Extension Works Increase population coverage and household connections Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capacity to enhance service level and management level with respect to coverage and service hours. Rectification and Remedial Works New sump-well and pumping scheme Increase Production up to 20% of present system discharge (assuming 8 lps pumping for 8 hrs in a day) Enhance transmission system production by decreasing disruption of transmission line because it will help to identify problematic stretches of TL Transmission line Improvement and Enhancement and it is possible to measure segmental transmission losses. 4 Bardibas Miscellaneous Work It enhances the service level with respect to water quality in addition the discharge measurement devices help for NRW estimation.

Extension Works Increase population coverage and household connections in newly built-up area Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capacity to enhance service level and management level Rectification and Remedial Works Increase reliability of distribution system of service area which are in western part of Lohandra River and it also decrease leakage of water on the Replacing HDPE pipe of Lohandra River Crossing river crossing. 5 Belbari Air Valve & Washout Valves Improve water flow in all distribution system by installation of chambers in problematic stretches of distribution system. Miscellaneous Control water leakage from joint breakings and enhance the system for water audit. Extension Works Significant increase in population coverage and household connections in newly built-up area increases a lot Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capacity to enhance service level and management level in all aspect of utility management.

Annex G-6 1/8 Annex G-6: Envisaged Town-wise Improvement with Proposed Additional Investment SN TOWN Details of work Envisaged Improvement with Additional Investment Rectification and Remedial Works

HRF for pre treatment in old transmission line Will improve water quality during rainy season

Rehabilitation of Old RVT. Old RVT are very ruined condition and physical losses would be control Restoring TL of New intake by 160 dia. 10kgf Increase production discharge up to 10% by replacing temporary arrangement of smaller diameter pipe from new intake. 6 Beni HDPE pipe

V-notch Chamber for discharge measurement Enhance system for water audit.

Bulk Water Meters in main outlets Enhance system for water audit. Landslide mitigation measures Decreases frequency of interruption in transmission system and prevent damages to RVT and WTP from landslide. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capacity to enhance service level and management level Rectification and Remedial Works Rehabilitation of Infiltration galleries Increase Water Production and reliability of service level by reinstating implemented infiltration galleries to initial state.

Will increase production of about 37% of present system discharge in to project system (assuming pumping of 8 hrs/day and discharge @ 6 lps). Tapping of New source It also enhances service level at the tail end of the service area. (Completion of unfinished work of ongoing sump well construction ) 7 Bijuwar

Miscellaneous Work Increase efficiency on maintenance of metallic pipes on sub-transmission including reducing in leakages in sub-transmission lines.

Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capacity to enhance service level and management level with respect to NRW, pump operation and book-keeping.

Rectification and Remedial Works Addition of New Source by Pumping Increase Water Production up to 6% of present system discharge (pumping of 8 hrs/day and discharge is 15 lps).

Replacing old TL from Itram and Khorke Intakes Increase discharge up to 7.5lps from these old TL systems.

Increase reliability of distribution system by replacing ruined GI pipes of major distribution sub-system which has maximum HHs connection and Replacing of old distribution pipes NRW more than 45%. At the same time bottleneck issue of Jhupra TL system will been resolved. Decrease frequency of interruption in transmission system by preventing Transmission System from landslide and protect Grit Chambers from Protection of TL and Grit chambers 8 Birendranagar local vandalism.

Newly added Roughing Filters would be helpful for reducing water turbidity of Khorke Khola. As the system is very large, Clamp-on Ultra Sonic Miscellaneous Work water meter would require for monitoring of discharge in TL and distribution system in order to carry-out water audit.

Extension Works Increase population coverage and household connections by introducing new major distribution pipe lines from under-construction RVTs.

As the town system is very big, capacity building is utmost important to enhance service level and management level especially with respect to Capacity Building of WUSC NRW and other utility management.

Annex G-6 2/8 Annex G-6: Envisaged Town-wise Improvement with Proposed Additional Investment SN TOWN Details of work Envisaged Improvement with Additional Investment Rectification and Remedial Works Increase Water Production and reliability of service level by adding new tube-well as only one tube well in good operating condition out of three in Drilling and Installation of Tube well Sub-system A (old OHT system).

Decrease iron concentration in OHT-C sub-system within drinkable limit by replacement of sand media of WTP and packed material of Aeration Tower. Increase reliability of service by repairing non-working valves by easing to separate small service area of old distribution system for repair and maintenance, which ultimately increase efficiency of the utility management of WUSC. Similarly by introducing Clamp-on Ultra-Sonic Water 9 Birtamod Miscellaneous Work flow meter, it would be easy to measure discharges in the system (in production and distribution) because other bulk water meters are not suitable in raw water of tubewell due to heavy concentration of iron. Similarly, reliability of production increases during breakdown of installed d- Gen set by providing Trailer Mounted Mobile Generator set as three OHT are located in different location.

Increase coverage population and HHs connections significantly because there are many potential service area has been developed to cater Extension Works lopsided population growth in the town. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capacity to enhance service level and management level to manage comparatively big system. Rectification and Remedial Works Increase water production and reliability of service level by adding new tube-well since only one well in good operation out of four and at the Drilling and Installation of Tube Well same time it would decrees the electrical consumption of the system as less energy is required to direct pump from proposed well at Hokse area than energy required to pump water to OHT at Hokse from Indrayani Chowk.

Air valve has been proposed to trap air in distribution area of Anchanbadi Shivamarg and Jotise Tole. Similarly, washout valves in distribution Chambers and Bulk Water Meters 10 Budhabare system at Dhumre Chowk, Saat Number Chowk and Hadiya Khola are necessary to wash accumulated sludge in the distribution system..

Improve residual head and water quality of Kali Khola system. Presently, user of Kalikhola system do not have proper residual head and poor Miscellaneous Work water quality most of the time which is main causes of social issues of the town project. Bulk water meter help for water auditing.

Extension Works Increase coverage population of the system and also increase HHs connection in newly developed area. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level. Rectification and Remedial Works Replacing of Spigot DI pipes in Crossing by Reduce interruption of new transmission system due to problematic river crossing at Mayum Khola. Flanged DI pipes Remedial measure for high pressure area of Significantly decrease bursting of HDPE pipes and water meters at high pressure area of the service system which enhance to control NRW. distribution system 11 Fikkal To improve water quality during rainy season. Dosing plant help to disinfect water and boundary wall has been given to protect system Treatment and safety of system's component component from local vandalism. Discharge measuring arrangement Introduce water measurement facilities in the system as presently the system do not has water flow measuring devices. This facility is necessary in order to reduce time period for maintenance required to mobilize maintenance crew and equipments. Which Establishment of maintenance unit with equipment eventually increase reliability of the town system and reduce repair and maintenance time/cost of transmission line. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level.

Annex G-6 3/8 Annex G-6: Envisaged Town-wise Improvement with Proposed Additional Investment SN TOWN Details of work Envisaged Improvement with Additional Investment Rectification and Remedial Works About 8-10 lps of water would be added to present production system increasing reliability of service level, This discharge is about 9 to 10% of Addition of New Source from Sump-well presently produced system discharge (pumping of 8 hours has been assumes @ 8 to 10 lps). Increase Water Production and reliability of service level by adding new tube-well as envisaged production discharge can not be possible from Drilling and Installation of New Tube well sump well only to cater service area population. About 16 to 18% present production discharge would be increased (7 lps safe yield with 8 hrs 12 Gorahi pumping in a day) Increases sub-system discharge of SS # 4 especially in wet season by transmitted spill-out water from surface system (SS # 3) to OHT system Miscellaneous Work SS #4, which also decrease the system electrical expenses by 4 to 6 % annually. Extension Works Increase population coverage and household connections within the service area. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level. Rectification and Remedial Works Supply of Stand-by Submersible Pumps Increase reliability of system by adding stand-by pumps in the town system. Segregation of sub-system from production and consumption side is required (by providing valve chambers and valves) in order to efficiently Segregation of one sub-system in 1st phase managed water audit since the town system have large three sub-system with interlined distribution pipes.

13 Itahari Introducing Clam-on Ultra-sonic Water flow meter would ease to measure discharges in the system (pumping and distribution) because other Miscellaneous Work meters are not suitable in raw water of tubewell due to heavy concentration of iron. Similarly, reliability of production increases during breakdown of installed d-Gen set by providing Trailer Mounted Mobile Generator set as three OHT are located in different location.

Increase coverage population and HHs connections significantly because there are many potential service area has been developed to cater Extension Works lopsided population growth in the town. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level. Rectification and Remedial Works About 12 lps of total water would be added to system which increases reliability of service level, which is about 36% of presently produced Addition of New Water Source system discharge. (Pumping of 8 hrs per day with 12 lps discharge has been assumed). Replacing of new RVT would reduce system losses due to leakage from tank and additional large capacity tank army camp would be effective for Construction of New Reservoirs distribution system in newly developed area. Similarly, a new RVT at Dammar solve the problem of compatibility of distribution pipe size and size 14 Kamalamai of RVT. Laying of new pipe line from Milanchowk to Dhura Bazaar would reduce present bottle-neck of water distribution in the Bazaar area, which has New pipe linkage from Dhura bazaar dense settlement in the service area and large number of HHs connection. Chambers and discharge measurement Increase reliability of water by releasing trapped air and sludge in distribution system. Enhance discharge measurement for water audit with arrangement respect to physical leakage. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level. Rectification and Remedial Works Increase transmission production of Kerunga Khola system by 8 to 10% of the present total production by decreasing interruption period of Restoration of Kerunga Transmission line transmission line.

15 Kawaswoti Drilling and Installation of New Tube well About 16% of water production would be increase in present production which would require to serve lopsided growth of population in town. Miscellaneous Work Increases efficiency of distribution system in operation and water quality would also improve. Extension Works Increase population coverage and provide service to people reside in newly developed area. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level.

Annex G-6 4/8 Annex G-6: Envisaged Town-wise Improvement with Proposed Additional Investment SN TOWN Details of work Envisaged Improvement with Additional Investment Rectification and Remedial Works About 30% of water production would be increase in present production which would enhance to resolve demand of lopsided growth of Addition of New Water Source for pumping population. (discharge of 8 lps for 8 hours pumping per day has been assumed)

16 Khairenitar Required for water treatment and storage from new surface source (Bhung-Bhunge) for lower elevated service area. Implementation of New HRF and Reservoir for New Bhung-Bhunge transmission line with intake of this new source has been already completed by WUSC. About 25% of present total production discharge would Source be added to system discharge (the newly developed transmission system have discharge of 2 lps).

Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level. Rectification and Remedial Works As the Kohalpur area has low ground water potential, at least one good tubewell of big diameter pipe should bored at greater depth, which will Addition of New Tubewell increases reliability of production significantly. Increase production of clean water and reliability of service level by sedimentation facilities available in ground reservoir. The additional pumps New ground reservoir to collect all TW discharge help to pump water from proposed ground tank (RVT) to OHT. Simulation of ground tank and OHT is utmost necessary for this envisaged 17 Kohalpur betterment. Re-arrangement of Electrical equipments and Increase efficiency in electrical system and decreases consumption electricity and fuel consumption of generator. generator Boundary Wall and Generator House Increase safety to existing tube well and proposed RVT at Anandanagar along with efficient operation of all wells. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level. Rectification and Remedial Works About 18% of water production would be increase in present production which would enhance to solve partly demand of lopsided growth of Addition of New Gravity Source people. (assuming 4@ lps from this source) About 8% of water production would be increase in present production which would enhance to solve partly demand of lopsided growth of people. Addition of New Source for Pumping (Assumption of 4 lps for 8 hours pumping per day has been made) 18 Kusma New storage reservoir would reduce leakages in existing RVT and increase storage capacity of the system because RVT #2 is very old and in Rehabilitation of old RVT and Construction of RVT ruined condition. Similarly, rehabilitation is required in RVT #1 because this reservoir is also old and leaking. Reduce frequency of SSF cleaning of old TL system. Cleaning frequency is very frequent presently (les than a week) during rainy season which is Water Pre-treatment unit and other arrangement against the design philosophy of SSF. Miscellaneous Work Required for disinfection and discharge measurement. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level. Rectification and Remedial Works Drilling and Installation of New Shallow TW in With the proposed drilling of new shallow tubewell Increase probability of water production with low calcium concentration. This water would be vicinity used for dilution of existing tube well water which comprises of high Calcium concentration. 19 Lamki Decrease pipe incrustation problem by increasing flushing of distribution system from wash-out chambers located in numerous location of Miscellaneous Work distribution network. Extension Works Increase population coverage and provide service to people reside in newly developed area. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level.

Annex G-6 5/8 Annex G-6: Envisaged Town-wise Improvement with Proposed Additional Investment SN TOWN Details of work Envisaged Improvement with Additional Investment Rectification and Remedial Works As new intake at Giuje Khola is not working during rainy season, a new proper intake is recommended upstream of existing intake, which ultimately increase reliability of production from new TL system during rainy season. Similarly, intake filter at Giuje source decrease turbidity Addition of New intake and Intake Filters significantly at source which would be very effective for sizing & cost of proposed HRF by DWSSDO. The availability of land and cost in appropriate location of the project area is very rare and costly. Re-alignment of Giuje Transmission at Re-alignment of transmission line at Chilaunedanda of new transmission line is required to supplement production discharge. About 20 to 40% of 20 Lekhnath Chilaunedanda present production discharge would be increases in Giuje transmission system by re-alignment. Improvement of Distribution system Enhance distribution system with service level Easy to measure discharge at various location in transmission and distribution system which would enhance water management and water audit Miscellaneous Work effective way since the project size is big discharge shall be measured at various location and traditional bulk water at numerous location is costly option. Extension Works Increase population coverage and provide service to people reside in newly developed area. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level. Rectification and Remedial Works Drilling and Installation of Tube well in neighboring With the proposed drilling of new shallow tubewell Increase probability of water production with low calcium concentration. This water would be area used for dilution of existing tube well water which comprises of high Calcium concentration. Decrease pipe incrustation problem by increasing flushing of distribution system from wash-out chambers located in numerous location of Control of lime incrustation problem 21 Mahendranagar distribution network assuming that 24 hours supply would be maintain.

Restoration of Electrical system in original state Decrease risk of electrocuted and Improve production and distribution system significantly

Extension Work Increase population coverage and provide service to people reside in newly developed area. Capacity Building of WUSC Enhance to establish management of WUSC and Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level. Rectification and Remedial Works Control leakages from leaking valve of well head assembly about 2% of leakage would be control 22 Parsa Extension Work Increase population coverage and provide service to people reside in newly developed area. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capably to enhance service level and management level. Rectification and Remedial Works The capacity of retention RVT along transmission system would be increased to overcome frequent and long hour power failure since the system Construction of New reservoirs was designed for continuous 18 hours of pumping. Similarly, capacity of storage reservoirs would be increased to store sufficient quantity of water in limited hour of power supply.

Tube well Drilling by DTH or other appropriate It is improve reliability of production to greater extent. This new arrangement help to integrating internal sources to new production system as 23 Prithivinarayan method for envisaged discharge of 2.5lps. envisaged during planning and implementation of STWSSSP-1.(About 20% increase production with 8 hours of pumping in a day)

This facility is necessary to reduce time period for maintenance and repair transmission and distribution lines. All most all pipe lines are metallic Tools and Machinery in this town project. Which eventually increase reliability of the town system with respect to production and distribution aspect

Increase WUSC capacity to enhance service level with respect to decreasing NRW, repair & maintenance of transmission and distribution Capacity Building of WUSC system, operation of E&M and other utility management.

Annex G-6 6/8 Annex G-6: Envisaged Town-wise Improvement with Proposed Additional Investment SN TOWN Details of work Envisaged Improvement with Additional Investment Rectification and Remedial Works

Replacement of Bulk Water Meters and Revenue Replacement of all problematic bulk water meters and construction of new chambers for bulk water meters including replacement of HHs meters Meters in order to carry out water audit and NRW more accurately because NRW level of the system is quite commendable. 24 Ratnanagar Increase population coverage and provide service to people reside in newly developed area. Similarly more new chambers (washout and air Extension Work valve) are required for efficient distribution system due to additional pipes in the system. Capacity Building of WUSC Increase WUSC capacity to enhance service level and other utility management. Rectification and Mitigation Works Landslide mitigation measures Decrease risk of damage or collapse of two RVTs (each of 400 cum) from propagated landslide near RVT area. Drilling and Installation of New Tube well Increase reliability of source because only one tube well in operating condition out of three installed tubewells.

25 Sunwal Improve distribution system by providing appropriate chamber in problematic area. By replacing problematic joint leakage would be control. As Miscellaneous Work WTP is not working restoration of WTP in operating condition is utmost necessary. Boundary wall at WTP location is provided to protect from local vandalism. Extension Work Increase population coverage and provide service to people reside in newly developed area. Capacity Building of WUSC Establish good utility management system in WUSC Rectification and Remedial Works Increase reliability of service of total system as the WUSC do not have stand-by pump. Replacements of butterfly valves are required for easy handling of WTP. Similarly, washouts chamber would enhance distribution system by providing more flushing provision in the distribution system Miscellaneous Work which are necessary to wash accumulated sludge in problematic stretches. Decrease iron concentration in the system within drinkable limit by 26 Surunga replacement of sand media of WTP and packed material of Aeration Tower. Easy to measure discharge at various location in distribution system including production wells which would enhance water management and Supply of Clamp-on Ultra-Sonic flow meters water audit. Other bulk water meter is not suitable due to high iron content in production wells. Extension Works Additional HHs connection would be increased by laying of additional distribution pipes in newly developed areas. Capacity Building of WUSC Enhance utility management level of WUSC. Rectification and Remedial Works Rehabilitation of New intake constructed during Rehabilitation of new intake is necessary to decrease frequent disruption during rainy season which is about 33% of time in year. After STWSSSP-1 rehabilitation, it would reduce frequencies of disruption and save maintenance time of intake considerably.

New chambers have been proposed in order to solve problem of air trapping and sludge accumulation in transmission line. About 15 to 24% of Construction of new Chambers in Transmission present production discharge would be increased after introducing of these new chambers along with intake rehabilitation. In addition to that, line proposed new washout chambers also help to measure segmental discharge in transmission line.

Transmission lines have been washed away by last year flood. In order to maintain regular supply the temporarily laid transmission pipe in this Restoration of TL in original state 27 Triyuga stretch shall be restored to original state. This has been recommended to reduce disruption period for major transmission supply.

Reduced maintenance and repair period and frequency which need system closure frequently and long period of time since the filling depth of Additional pipes for Reticulation lines some stretches of distribution pipeline of SS # 4 in very heavy/deep. Providing Disinfection Arrangement To enhance the service level from water quality aspect. Identification plates would develop good management practices of WUSC with respect billing system. And V-Notch chamber helps to measure Miscellaneous Work production discharges in transmission system. Additional distribution pipes are required to incorporated large number of HHs of Gaighat and Gairan area. which were left during implementation Extension Works of STWSSP1 Capacity Building of WUSC Establish good utility management system in WUSC

Annex G-6 7/8 Annex G-6: Envisaged Town-wise Improvement with Proposed Additional Investment SN TOWN Details of work Envisaged Improvement with Additional Investment Rectification and Remedial Works Increase discharge in surface water system by reducing bottle neck in transmission system. Due to various bottleneck, presently only 46% of Rehabilitation of intakes and TL envisaged discharge has been transported to the system. . Construction of New Sump-well (1.2 to 1.5 km U/S New sump well is increase reliability of production system of SS # 8 as sump well at Gairapatu and Ranijaruwa of SS # 8 is in depleting condition of old Sump-well) due to encroachment of squatter settlement. Completion of remaining works of newly About 9% of water production would be increase in present production (about 8 hours pumping @ 10 lps from newly drilled tubewell by DWSSDO developed TW and WTP by DWSSDO has been assumed). There is immediate requirement of WTP in only one sub-system.

Replacement of old reservoirs by New reservoirs Leakage of water from old reservoir at Rakcchachour would be reduced and at the same time storage capacity of system would be increased. 28 Tulsipur Remedial measures of Bottleneck of SS #5 Solve problem of water distribution and residual head in distribution of Sub-system #5 (Tikapatru)

Miscellaneous Work Enhance water quality, safety of water supply components (especially Reservoir). Distribution system and discharge measurement facilities.

Provision of Stand by Pumps for GW Sub-system Increase reliability of service in sub-system based on ground water by availability of stand by pumps.

New approach of pipe network shall be introduced by changing old distribution system (which was designed in tree system) in loop system by Improvement of old distribution system laying some stretches of new looping pipe. This would ultimately enhance distribution system. Capacity Building of WUSC Help to manage large town project by enhancing management skill of WUSC (working committee and employee). Rectification and Remedial Works Restore old system to operate WUSC in effective way by resolving water right disputes. At the same tine about 6 to 8 lps discharge would be Completion of outstanding works increases to present day system discharge. 29 Walling Addition of New Source by pumping The present system discharge would be increased by triple fold by extracting water of Andhi Khola with the help of pumping arrangement.

Capacity Building of WUSC Establish good utility management unit in WUSC

Annex G-6 8/8 ANNEX – G-7: PRECONDITIONS SET FOR TOWNS TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES SN TOWNS PRECONDITIONS ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 200 for 10 cum (100 for 5 cum) from its present tariff of NRs 120 for 10 cum (60 for 5 cum) ● Tap Connection: Addition of 200 tap connection every year till FY 2078/79 (AD 2022) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 50% from 59% at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent metering, replacement 1 Attariya ● of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 6.32 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 3.16 million which is 50% of the dues amount. ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 180 for 10 cum from its present tariff of NRs 120 for 10 cum ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 2% in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 30% from its present NRW of 32.4% at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent 2 Bandipur ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. ● Billing software needs to be put into operation. ● All legal formalities for source/s registration and source agreement with local user shall be done. Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 125 for 10cum (100 for 8 cum) from its present tariff NRs 100 for 10 cum (80 for 8 cum). Needs moderate increment in ● the amount of tariff slab range. ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 7% in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) 3 Bardghat NRW: Reduction of NRW to 25 % from its present NRW of 25.9 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. ● Billing software needs to be put into operation. ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 5% in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 35 % from its present NRW of 54.9 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. 4 Bardibas Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 5.61 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay NRs. 5.61 million which is 100% of the dues amount. ● All legal formalities for source/s registration and source agreement with local user shall be done. Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 200 for 10cm (160 for 8 cm) from its present tariff NRs 125 for 10 cm (100 for 8 cm). Needs moderate increment in the ● amount of tariff slab range. Tap Connection: Substantial taps increment of 1600 connection needed in the starting of FY 2068/69 (including the present connection of 360 taps) and ● thereafter tap increment @ 6 % in every subsequent year till FY 2078/79 (AD 2022). NRW: Reduction of NRW to 55% from its present NRW of 68.9 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● 5 Belbari metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 6.34 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 0.63 million which is 10 % of the dues amount. ● Reformation of the committee as per WUSC constitution. ● Billing software needs to be put into operation.

ANNEX G-7 1/6 ANNEX – G-7: PRECONDITIONS SET FOR TOWNS TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES SN TOWNS PRECONDITIONS Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 167 for 10 cm (250 for 15 cm) from its present tariff NRs 133 for 10 cm (200 for 15 cm). Needs to revise the tariff slab ● from decreasing to increasing trend. ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 7 % in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) 6 Beni NRW: Reduction of NRW to 30 % from its present NRW of 32.4 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 2.92 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 1.46 million which is 50 % of the dues amount. ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 250 for 10 cm from its present tariff of NRs 150 for 10 cm ● Tap Connection: Addition 120 taps connection every year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 40% from its present NRW of 56.3 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● 7 Bijuwar metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 10.36 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing ● it can manage to pay at least NRs. 1.04 million which is 10 % of the dues amount. ● Billing software needs to be put into operation. ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 88 for 10 cm (70 for 8 cm) from its present tariff of NRs 75 for 10 cm (60 for 8 cm) ● Tap Connection: Addition of 583 tap connection every year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2022) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 40% from 41% at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent metering, replacement ● 8 Birendranagar of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 28.27 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing ● it can manage to pay NRs 28.7 million which is 100% of dues amount. ● All legal formalities for source/s registration and source agreement with local user shall be done. ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 130 for 10cum from its present tariff NRs 100 for 10 cum. Needs moderate increment in the amount of tariff slab range. ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 6 % in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 30 % from its present NRW of 36.4 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent 9 Birtamod ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 3.94 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 1.97 million which is 50 % of the dues amount. ● Billing software needs to be put into operation. Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 250 for 10cm (200 for 8 cm) from its present tariff NRs125 for 10 cm (for 100 for 8 cm). Needs moderate increment in ● the amount of tariff slab range. ● Tap Connection: Addition 255 tap connection every year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) 10 Budhabare NRW: Reduction of NRW to 28 % from its present NRW of 30.5 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NR. 11.27 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 1.13 million which is 10 % of the dues amount.

ANNEX G-7 2/6 ANNEX – G-7: PRECONDITIONS SET FOR TOWNS TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES SN TOWNS PRECONDITIONS ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 160 for 10cm from its present tariff NRs 120 for 10 cm ● Tap Connection: Addition 66 tap connection every year till FY 2078/79 (AD 2022) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 50 % from its present NRW of 66.7 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● 11 Fikkal metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 7.24 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 1.81 million which is 25 % of the dues amount. ● Billing software needs to be put into operation. ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 188 for 10cm ( 150 for 8 cm) from its present tariff NRs 125 for 10 cm (100 for 8 cm) ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 6 % in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 41% from its present NRW of 48.4 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. 12 Ghorahi Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 4.27 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 4.27 million which is 100 % of the dues amount. ● Billing software needs to be put into operation. ● All legal formalities for source/s registration and source agreement with local user shall be done. ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs130 for 10cm from its present tariff NRs75 for 10 cm ● Tap Connection: Addition 685 taps connection every year till l FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 25 % from its present NRW of 25.9 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent 13 Itahari ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 10.95 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing ● it can manage to pay at least NRs. 10.95 million which is 100 % of the dues amount. ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs125 for 10cum from its present tariff NRs 70 for 10 cum ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 2 % in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 70 % from its present NRW of 86 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● 14 Kamalamai metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 10.49 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing ● it can manage to pay at least NRs. 1.05 million which is 10 % of the dues amount. ● All legal formalities for source/s registration and source agreement with local user shall be done. ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 5% in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020). 15 Kawaswoti NRW: Reduction of NRW to 20 % from its present NRW of 23.5 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 2% in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 15 % from its present NRW of 15.8 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent 16 Khairenitar ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. ● All legal formalities for source/s registration and source agreement with local user shall be done.

ANNEX G-7 3/6 ANNEX – G-7: PRECONDITIONS SET FOR TOWNS TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES SN TOWNS PRECONDITIONS Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 220 for 10cm from its present tariff NRs120 for 10 cm or Increase the present tariff @ 30% each year till coming five ● years in each year's tariff. Tap Connection: Substantial taps increment of 2000 connection needed in the starting of FY 2068/69 (including the present connection of 1352 taps) and ● thereafter tap increment @ 10 % in every subsequent year till FY 2078/79 (AD 2022). 17 Kohalpur NRW: Reduction of NRW to 35 % from its present NRW of 36.3 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 8.27 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 0.83 million which is 10 % of the dues amount. ● Billing software needs to be put into operation. ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 3 % in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 25 % from its present NRW of 26% at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● 18 Kusma metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. ● Billing software needs to bring in operation. ● All legal formalities for source/s registration and source agreement with local user shall be done. ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 167 for 10cum ( 200 for 12 cum) from its present tariff NRs 63 for 10 cum (75 for 12 cum) ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @7 % in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) 19 Lamki Note: NRW and Annual Water production Not Available and not taken into calculation. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 5.81 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 0.58 million which is 10% of the dues amount. ● Billing software needs to be put into operation. ● Tap Connection: Addition of 120 tap connection every year till FY 2078/79 (AD 2022) 20 Lekhnath NRW: Reduction of NRW to 40 % from its present NRW of 45.9 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 242 for 10cm (170 for 7 cm) from its present tariff NRs 85 for 10 cm (60 for 7 cm) or Increase the present tariff @ 30% ● each year till coming five years in each year's tariff. ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 7 % in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 45 % from its present NRW of 51.9 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent 21 Mahendranagar ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 6.87 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 0.69 million which is 10 % of the dues amount. ● Billing software needs to be put into operation. ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 7% in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 15% from its present NRW of 18.6 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● 22 Parsa metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRS 2.44 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRS 2.44 million which is 100 % of the dues amount.

ANNEX G-7 4/6 ANNEX – G-7: PRECONDITIONS SET FOR TOWNS TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES SN TOWNS PRECONDITIONS Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 600 for 10cm from its present tariff NRs 300 for 10 cm or Increase the present tariff @ 20% each year till coming five ● years in each year's tariff. ● Tap Connection: Addition 70 taps connection every year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) 23 Prithivinarayan NRW: Reduction of NRW to 40 % from its present NRW of 43.4 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 9.32 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 0.93 million which is 10 % of the dues amount. ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 125 for 10 cm from its present tariff NRs 100 for 10 cm ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 10% in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 13 % from its present NRW of 13.7 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● 24 Ratnanagar metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 7.04 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 3.52 million which is 50 % of the dues amount.F118 ● Billing software needs to be put into operation. ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 150 for 10cum from its present tariff NRs 100 for 10 cum Tap Connection: Substantial taps increment of 2000 connection needed in the starting of FY 2068/69 (including the present connection of 975 taps) and ● thereafter tap increment @ 10 % in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 50 % from its present NRW of 60.5 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent 25 Sunwal ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 6.65 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 0.67 million which is 10% of the dues amount. ● Billing software needs to be put into operation. ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 208 for 10cum (125 for 6 cum) from its present tariff NRs 120 for 10 cum ( 72 for 6 cum) 26 Surunga ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 6% in every subsequent year till FY 2077/78 (AD 2021) NRW: Reduction of NRW to 20% from its present NRW of 20.7% at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Substantial taps increment of 2000 connection needed in FY 2068/69 including the present connection of 1065 taps thereafter increment of tap connection @ 7% ● in every subsequent year till FY 2078/79 (AD 2022). ● Tariff: Adjustment needed minimum NRs 150 for 10 cum (225 for 15 cum) from its present tariff NRs 100 for 10 cum (150 for 15 cum). 27 Triyuga ● Needs to increase the number of tariff slabs. NRW: Reduction of NRW to 60 % from its present NRW of 88.8 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 15.66 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing ● it can manage to pay at least NRs. 1.57 million which is 10% of the dues amount

ANNEX G-7 5/6 ANNEX – G-7: PRECONDITIONS SET FOR TOWNS TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES SN TOWNS PRECONDITIONS ● Tap Connection: Increment of tap connection @ 9% in every subsequent year till FY 2076/77 (AD 2020). Needs to increase the number of tariff slabs. NRW: Reduction of NRW to 50 % from its present NRW of 57.2 % at present situation without any new investment. This can be managed through cent percent ● metering, replacement of none working meter and controlling on illegal connection. 28 Tulsipur Repayment to TDF: The Dues amount to be paid to TDF up to Nov 2011 was NRs. 4.41 million but considering the existing financial figure and town's standing it ● can manage to pay at least NRs. 4.41 million which is 100% of the dues amount. ● All legal formalities for source/s registration and source agreement with local user shall be done. ● Tariff and tap numbers must be fixed as recommended by TDF. ● Existing water source dispute problem need to be solved and agreement with other users (other than water supply) of the disputed source shall be made.. 29 Walling ● Reformation of the committee as per WUSC constitution. ● All legal formalities for source/s registration and source agreement with local user shall be done.

ANNEX G-7 6/6 Annex G-8A: Key Performance Indicator of 29 town implemened under STWSSSP-1

Water Production Unit Staff for Per capita Operating Collection Supply per NRW Average Tariff production 1000/Connectio Consumption Ratio Ratio SN Town Coverage* Population Cost n

(%) Cum/d/c (lpcd) (%) (US $/Cum) (US $/Cum) (%) (%) Nos. 1Attaria 52.9% 0.11 47 59 0.17 0.10 0.73 98 7.4 DEFINATION 2Bandipur 95.2% 0.07 48 32.4 0.23 0.12 0.53 85 8.1 Water supply coverage (%) = [population served] x 100 / [total 1 3Bardghat 63.5% 0.12 90 25.9 0.17 0.07 0.41 94 6.2 population in the present service area] 4Bardibas 81.4% 0.14 62 54.9 0.12 0.04 0.12 92 6.6 5Belbari 10.6% 0.15 46 68.9 NA 0.08 1.18 * NA 13.9 Production/population (Cum/d/c) = [annual production volume 2 6Beni 81.9% 0.24 164 32.4 0.45 0.12 0.74 92 10.3 (Cum) /365] / [number of people served] 7Bijuwar 24.8% 0.12 51 56.3 0.21 0.12 1 99 23.7 8Birendranagar 83.7% 0.12 70 41 0.12 0.08 1.15 80 5.7 Per capita consumption (l/c/d) = [total annual domestic 9Birtamod 39.0% 0.15 95 36.4 0.26 0.07 0.67 93 6.5 3 consumption (Cum) x 1,000/365] / [number of people served] 10Budhabare 45.5% 0.15 104 30.5 0.18 0.09 1 88 4.8 11Fikkal 60.4% 0.18 60 66.7 0.23 0.10 0.92 92 14.2 12Ghorahi 71.6% 0.11 63 48.4 0.28 0.14 0.76 80 6.6 Non revenue water (%) = [total annual production (Cum) - total 13Itahari 40.0% 0.16 115 25.9 0.17 0.08 0.48 98 5.5 4 billed consumption (Cum)] x 100/[total annual production (m 3)] 14Kamalamai 67.2% 0.06 12 86 NA 0.09 0.72 * NA 8.1 15Kawaswoti 75.6% 0.14 107 23.5 0.21 0.09 0.43 91 5.1 16Khairenitar 98.6% 0.12 97 15.8 0.31 0.08 0.28 93 9.8 Average tariff (US$/Cum) = [total annual billing (US$)] / [total 5 17Kohalpur 33.8% 0.09 58 36.3 0.22 0.20 1.02 69 8.9 annual consumption (Cum)] 18Kusma 67.0% 0.17 125 26 0.37 0.07 0.41 94 10.4 19Lamki 67.3% 0.09 NA NA 0.16 0.16 1.2 95 6 Unit production cost (US$/Cum) = [annual O&M cost (US$)] / 6 20Lekhnath 54.8% 0.13 71 45.9 0.21 0.08 0.36 98 4.9 [total annual production (Cum)] 21Mahendranagar 70.9% 0.08 39 51.9 0.12 0.08 0.86 * NA 6.2 22Parsa 67.5% 0.09 70 18.6 0.28 0.07 0.38 91 5.9 Operating ratio = [annual O&M cost (US$)] / [annual revenue 7 23Prithivinararan 64.8% 0.09 53 43.4 0.51 0.39 0.94 * NA 13.5 (US$)] 24Ratnanagar 44.1% 0.13 115 13.7 0.23 0.07 0.53 92 2.8 25Sunawal 18.2% 0.12 47 60.5 0.14 0.11 0.88 75 8.2 Collection efficiency (%) = [total annual collections (US$) / total 8 26Surunga 81.4% 0.08 66 20.7 0.21 0.17 0.58 97 5.4 annual billings (US$)] x 100 27Triyuga 29.6% 0.33 60 88.8 0.21 0.06 1.04 * NA 16 28Tulsipur 57.1% 0.14 71 57.2 0.21 0.07 0.47 94 5.4 Staff/1,000 connections ratio = [number of utility staff] / [number of 9 29Waling NA 0.15 NA NA NA NA NA *NA 12.7 utility connections/1,000] Average 55.1% 0.13 78 60 0.23 0.09 0.59 90 6.7 NOTE: * Squatter population has been incorporated in Total pollution of Service Area which were not incorporated during project planning Annex G-8B: Key Performance Indicator for Completeness Assessment of Project

Average Average Ratio of Actual Ratio of Actual Reported Non- Weightage Weightage SN Town HHs Conn./Plan discharge /Plan metered Service hours Residual HHs Conn. (%) discharge (%) Connections (%) (HRs) Head (m) 1 Attaria 77% 37.62% 6.0 4 to 5 2Bandipur 99% 50.16% 6.9 4 to 5 3Bardghat 80% 47.16% 20.6 >5 4Bardibas 93% 82.89% 4.4 4 to 5 13% 5Belbari 16% 10.96% 10.1 4 to 5 6Beni 95% 97.77% 24.0 >5 7Bijuwar 37% 32.85% 1.3 5 8Birendranagar 111% 80.81% 3.5 2 9Birtamod 74% 56.91% 17.0 >5 10Budhabare 59% 55.57% 14.3 5 11Fikkal 73% 95.56% 24.0 >5 12Ghorahi 84% 59.67% 5.0 4 to 5 8% 13Itahari 67% 64.56% 22.6 >5 14Kamalamai 85% 44.40% 1.6 2 25% 15Kawaswoti 90% 89.76% 13.2 >5 16Khairenitar 143% 90.60% 6.0 3 to 4 17Kohalpur 41% 29.15% 2.0 2 to 3 18Kusma 106% 93.43% 6.5 4 19Lamki 110% 39.22% 24.0 >5 20Lekhnath 73% 77.46% 13.8 3 to 4 21Mahendranagar 75% 48.64% 7.5 3 to 4 30% 22Parsa 103% 55.94% 24.0 >5 23Prithivinararan 82% 34.48% 4.8 4 to 5 24Ratnanagar 64% 59.40% 24.0 >5 25Sunawal 21% 18.64% 6.2 4 to 5 25% 26Surunga 80% 44.81% 24.0 >5 27Triyuga 26% 73.81% 20.0 5 42% 28Tulsipur 62% 56.52% 3.6 3 to 4 15% 29Waling NA 31.05% 2.5 2 Average 72% 60% 11.8 4.3 4,2%

DEFINATION: Actual HHs connection ratio (%) = Actual HHs connections/Planned HHs connections at same year.

Service Hours (HRs) = Average hours of service distribution (HRs.)

Residual Head (m) = Average head available in serve tap

Non-metered Connections (%) = reported total non- metered HHs. connection/ total number of HHs connection ANNEX : T

TECHNICAL

Annex T-1A: Results on Physical Parameters of Water Quality Samples Total Type of Elec. Elec. Total Dissolved SN Towns Temp. Turbidity Dissolved pH Turbidity pH Water Conductivity Conductivity Solid Solid 0C µS/cm ppm Guided Values (WHO) ----> 5 (NTU) 1500 (µS/cm) 1000 ( µS/cm) 6.5 to 8.5 1 Attaria GW 29.1 <5 550 280 7.46 At outlet of Dist. System OK OK OK OK SW 24.4 <5 0 0 6.15 Outlet of Jaldevi TLS OK OK OK Very Acidic 2 Bandipur SW 24.9 <5 0 0 5.75 Outlet of Harendanda TLS OK OK OK Very Acidic 3 Bardghat GW 25.3 <5 600 300 7.98 At outlet of Dist. System OK OK OK OK SW 28.1 <5 100 150 7.46 SS# 2 and SS# 3 OK OK OK OK 4 Bardibas SW 30.7 <5 90 40 6.6 SS# 1 OK OK OK OK 5 Belbari GW 28.6 <5 340 170 6.98 At Distribution near OHT OK OK OK OK 6 Beni SW 24.7 <5 80 40 8.14 Common dist at WUSC office OK OK OK OK 7 Bijuwar SW 21.1 <5 290 140 7.6 At Distribution near WTP OK OK OK OK GW 28.3 <5 130 60 7.3 DIST of OHT-A Sub-system OK OK OK OK 8 Birtamod GW 32.5 <5 140 70 7.15 DIST of OHT-B Sub-system OK OK OK OK GW 32.2 <5 110 50 7.22 DIST of OHT-C Sub-system OK OK OK OK 9 Budhabare CW 27.2 <5 160 90 7.56 At distribution Tap OK OK OK OK 10 Fikkal SW 19.9 <5 20 10 7.8 At distribution Tap OK OK OK OK SW 27 <5 480 240 7.59 SS # 1, #2 & #3 OK OK OK OK 11 Gorahi GW 24 <5 280 560 7.36 SS # 4 OK OK OK OK GW 29.3 <5 500 240 7.3 OHT A OK OK OK OK 12 Itahari GW 30 <5 400 190 6.89 OHT B OK OK OK OK SW 28.7 <5 90 40 7.34 Hotel Manakamana OK OK OK OK SW 30.9 <5 110 50 7.78 WUSC office OK OK OK OK 13 Jhupra SW 25.4 <5 420 210 7.34 Out of RVT of SS #9 OK OK OK OK SW 26.8 <5 480 290 7.15 Out of RVT of SS #8 OK OK OK OK SW 25.6 <5 150 70 8.23 Gadauli Sys OK OK OK OK 14 Kamalamai SW 24.7 <5 110 50 8.19 Gaughng Sys OK OK OK OK 15 Kawaswoti CW 25 260 130 7.75 Distribution system on MRM OK OK OK OK 16 Khairenitar SW 26 <5 190 100 7.76 Dist at Prithvi H/W OK OK OK OK 17 Kohalpur GW 28.9 <5 360 160 6.82 Dist HHs. OK OK OK OK 18 Kusma SW 24.5 <5 10 30 8.02 Dist at WUSC office OK OK OK OK GW 28.2 <5 690 340 7.26 At WUSC office OK OK OK OK 19 Lamki 29.1 <5 690 350 7.17 At bazar (hotel Pokhrel) OK OK OK OK

Annex T-1A 1/2 Annex T-1A: Results on Physical Parameters of Water Quality Samples Total Type of Elec. Elec. Total Dissolved SN Towns Temp. Turbidity Dissolved pH Turbidity pH Water Conductivity Conductivity Solid Solid 0C µS/cm ppm Guided Values (WHO) ----> 5 (NTU) 1500 (µS/cm) 1000 ( µS/cm) 6.5 to 8.5 SW 26.8 <5 190 90 8.28 At Lapsi Danda SS OK OK OK OK 20 Lekhnath SW 8.32 <5 20 100 8.31 At Danda ko Nakh SS OK OK OK OK GW 32.5 <5 810 400 7.58 At dist tap of WUSC office OK OK OK OK 21 Mahendranagar GW 29.1 <5 900 390 7.1 At dist tap of Haldukhale OK OK OK OK 22 Parsa GW 25.1 <5 250 130 7.49 In distribution along MRM OK OK OK OK 23 Prithivinararan SW 27.5 11 10 0 7.42 In distribution HHs. HIGH OK OK OK 24 Ratnanagar GW 25.9 <5 340 170 7.24 In distribution along MRM OK OK OK OK 25 Sunawal GW 25.3 <5 570 280 7.7 In distribution along MRM OK OK OK OK 26 Surunga GW 27.9 <5 390 140 7.45 At dist tap of WUSC office OK OK OK OK SW 29.9 <5 310 190 8.15 New RVT OK OK OK OK 27 Trijuga SW 26.7 <5 270 130 8.07 OLD RVT OK OK OK OK 22.1 <5 350 170 8.4 SS= 1,2,3,4,6 & 7 OK OK OK OK 28 Tulshipur SW 20.1 <5 390 190 7.55 SS=8 OK OK OK OK 26.9 <5 380 190 8.32 Modi SS OK OK OK OK 29 Waling SW 30.1 <5 430 210 7.58 Lalupate SS OK OK OK OK

Annex T-1A 2/2 Annex T-1B: Results on Chemical Parameters of Water Quality Samples

Type of Total Maganese SN Towns Iron Copper Maganese Iron (mg/L) Total hardness (mg/L as CaCo Copper (mg/L) Water hardness 3 (mg/L)

Unit----> mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L Guided Values (WHO) ----> 0.3 to 3 500 0.3 to 3 0.1 1 Attaria GW 0.04 284 BDL BDL At outlet of Dist. System OK OK OK OK SW BDL 18 BDL BDL Outlet of Jaldevi TLS OK OK OK OK 2 Bandipur SW BDL 24 BDL 0.01 Outlet of Harendanda TLS OK OK OK OK 3 Bardghat GW BDL 226 BDL BDL At outlet of Dist. System OK OK OK OK SW 0.16 22 BDL 0.07 SS# 2 and SS# 3 OK OK NA OK 4 Bardibas SW 0.02 34 BDL 0.05 SS# 1 OK OK NA OK 5 Belbari GW 0.22 282 At Distribution near OHT OK OK 6 Beni SW BDL 38 BDL BDL Common dist at WUSC office OK OK OK OK 7 Bijuwar SW 0.26 192 At Distribution near WTP OK OK SW 0.02 80 BDL BDL Hotel Manakamana OK OK OK OK BDl BDL 120 BDL 0.02 WUSC office OK OK OK OK 8 Birendranagar SW 0.09 275 BDL 0.01 Out of RVT of SS #9 OK OK OK OK SW BDL 270 BDL BDL Out of RVT of SS #8 OK OK OK OK GW 0.29 80 BDL DIST of OHT-A Sub-system OK OK OK OK 9 Birtamod GW 0.27 128 DIST of OHT-B Sub-system OK OK GW 0.65 74 DIST of OHT-C Sub-system HIGH OK 10 Budhabare CW 0.17 184 At distribution Tap OK OK 11 Fikkal SW 0.65 168 At distribution Tap HIGH OK SW 0.05 204 SS # 1, #2 & #3 OK OK 12 Gorahi Within the limit for drinking purpose GW BDL 314 SS # 4 OK OK OK but high for pipe and machine GW 0.193 NA NA 0.013 OHT A OK NA NA OK 13 Itahari GW 0.16 NA NA 0.047 OHT B OK NA NA OK SW 0.06 250 Gadauli Sys OK OK 14 Kamalamai SW 0.1 135 Gaughng Sys OK OK 15 Kawaswoti CW BDL 140 Distribution system on MRM OK OK 16 Khairenitar SW BDL 278 BDL BDL Dist at Prithvi H/W OK OK OK OK

Annex T-1B 1/2 Annex T-1B: Results on Chemical Parameters of Water Quality Samples

Type of Total Maganese SN Towns Iron Copper Maganese Iron (mg/L) Total hardness (mg/L as CaCo Copper (mg/L) Water hardness 3 (mg/L)

Unit----> mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L Guided Values (WHO) ----> 0.3 to 3 500 0.3 to 3 0.1 Within the limit for drinking purpose 17 Kohalpur GW 0.01 360 BDL BDL Dist HHs. OK OK OK but high for pipe and machine 18 Kusma SW BDL 38 BDL BDL Dist at WUSC office OK OK OK OK Within the limit for drinking purpose GW BDL 426 BDL BDL At WUSC office OK OK OK but high for pipe and machine 19 Lamki Within the limit for drinking purpose GW BDL 402 BDL 0.01 At bazar (hotel Pokhrel) OK OK OK but high for pipe and machine SW BDL 114 BDL 0.03 At Lapsi Danda SS OK OK OK OK 20 Lekhnath SW BDL 110 BDL BDL At Danda ko Nakh SS OK OK OK OK Within the limit for drinking purpose GW 0.13 480 BDL 0.08 At dist tap of WUSC office OK OK OK but high for pipe and machine 21 Mahendranagar Within the limit for drinking purpose GW BDL 450 BDL BDL At dist tap of Haldukhale OK OK OK but high for pipe and machine 22 Parsa GW 0.01 164 In distribution along MRM OK OK OK OK 23 Prithivinararan SW BDL 32 BDL 0.01 In distribution HHs. OK OK OK OK 24 Ratnanagar GW BDL 258 In distribution along MRM OK OK OK OK Within the limit for drinking purpose 25 Sunawal GW BDL 320 In distribution along MRM OK but high for pipe and machine 26 Surunga GW 0.34 70 At dist tap of WUSC office HIGH OK SW 0.17 22 BDL 0.07 New RVT OK OK OK OK 27 Trijuga SW 0.19 28 BDL 0.1 OLD RVT OK OK OK OK SW 0.06 250 SS= 1,2,3,4,6 & 7 OK OK 28 Tulshipur GW BDL 274 SS=8 OK OK BDL 230 BDL BDL Modi SS OK OK OK OK 29 Waling SW BDL 210 BDL BDL Lalupate SS OK OK OK OK NOTE: BDL Below detection Level

Annex T-1B 2/2 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part I. Attariya A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Ground Water Reservoir, Pipe arrangement and boundary wall 1 Civil Structure Ground Water Reservoir LS 13,091,000 13,091,000.00 - - 13,091,000.00 2 Fittings and Pipe LS 500,000 500,000.00 - - 500,000.00 3 Pump and other Accessories LS 275,000 275,000.00 - - 275,000.00 4 Boundary Wall 160 m 6,000 960,000.00 - - 960,000.00 Sub total 14,826,000.00 - - 14,826,000.00 A.2 Distribution pipe lines development 1 HDPE (110/10 kg/cm2) for reticulation 1,200 RM 1,190 1,428,000.00 714,000.00 714,000.00 - 2 DI Pipes of 300 mm dia. 200 RM 8,300 1,660,000.00 - - 1,660,000.00 3 DI Pipes of 250 mm dia. 300 RM 6,500 1,950,000.00 - - 1,950,000.00 4 Earth Works 7,650 Cum 500 3,825,000.00 - - 3,825,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15.00%of Pipe cost 755,700.00 107,100.00 107,100.00 541,500.00 6 Replacement of butt joints to flanged Joints 60 Nos. 13,000 780,000.00 178,900.00 178,900.00 422,200.00 Sub total 10,398,700.00 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 8,398,700.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 580,000.00 - - 580,000.00

Total of Attariya 25,804,700.00 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 23,804,700.00

II. Bandipur A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Common Works for All Available Option 1 Addition of New Source and Repairing of Old TL 2 Dhobi Khola Intake and Collection Chamber 1 Set 120,000 120,000.00 60,000.00 60,000.00 - 3 Supply and laying of Pipe of HDPE 63 mm of 6 kg pressure 600 m 230 138,000.00 69,000.00 69,000.00 - 4 Pipe fittings 15%of pipe cost 21,130.00 10,565.00 10,565.00 - 5 Earthwork in Pipe line for New source 324 Cum 500 162,000.00 81,000.00 81,000.00 - Sub total 441,130.00 220,565.00 220,565.00 - A.2 Replacement of Old TL of Harendanda Source 1 Replacement of Old GI pipes by new Flanged DI pipes 1,100 m 2,900 3,190,000.00 - - 3,190,000.00 2 Pipe fittings 20%of pipe cost 638,000.00 - - 638,000.00 3 Earthwork in Pipe line for pipe replacement 594 Cum 500 297,000.00 - - 297,000.00 Sub total 4,125,000.00 - - 4,125,000.00

A.3 Providing Disinfection Arrangement 1 Supply and installation of Dosing pumps with FRP tank 2 Set 70,000 140,000.00 - - 140,000.00 2 Housing Facilities of Dosing Unit 1No 150,000 150,000.00 - - 150,000.00 Sub total 290,000.00 - - 290,000.00 Total of Common Works for both options 4,856,130.00 220,565.00 220,565.00 4,415,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 1/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part II Other Option to increase Production A.4 Tapping of New Source of Geru Khola (Option-1) 1 Intake and Collection Chamber 1Set 120,000 120,000.00 - - 120,000.00 2 Supply and laying of Pipe of HDPE 63 mm of 6 kg pressure 1,500 m 230 345,000.00 - - 345,000.00 3 Pipe fittings 15%of pipe cost 51,750.00 - - 51,750.00 4 Earthwork in Pipe line for New source 810 Cum 500 405,000.00 - - 405,000.00 5 Construction of 50 cum RVT for Gurung Village 1No 1,212,000 1,212,000.00 - - 1,212,000.00 Sub total 2,133,750.00 - - 2,133,750.00

A.5 Tapping of New Source of Tamu Khola (Option-2) 1 Intake and Collection Chamber 1Set 150,000 150,000.00 75,000.00 75,000.00 - 2 Supply and laying of Pipe of HDPE 75 mm of 10 kg pressure 4,130 m 660 2,725,800.00 - - 2,725,800.00 3 Pipe fittings 15%of pipe cost 408,870.00 204,435.00 204,435.00 - 4 Earthwork in Pipe line for New source 2,230 Cum 500 1,115,100.00 - 1,115,100.00 Sub total 4,399,770.00 279,435.00 279,435.00 3,840,900.00

Total investment of remedial measures with Option I 6,989,880.00 220,565.00 220,565.00 6,548,750.00 Total investment of remedial measures with Option II 9,255,900.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 8,255,900.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 280,000.00 - - 280,000.00

Total of Bandipur 9,535,900.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 8,535,900.00

III. Bardghat A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Protection of intake and Well 1 Protection of intake (gabion protection) 1 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 2 Boundary wall for well (out side the OHT premises) 50 m 6,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 3 Pump House for well out side the OHT premises 1 No 400,000 400,000.00 - - 400,000.00 4 Drainage development in Sedimentation tank area 1 LS 400,000 400,000.00 - - 400,000.00 Sub total 1,300,000.00 - - 1,300,000.00

A.2 Replacement of Bulk Water Meters 1 Installation of Bulk Water Meter in outlet of OHT 1 No 85,000 85,000.00 - - 85,000.00 2 Installation of Bulk Water Meter in outlet of RVT 1 No 70,000 70,000.00 - - 70,000.00 3 Construction of New Bulk water meter chamber 2 No 67,600 135,200.00 - - 135,200.00 Sub total 290,200.00 - - 290,200.00

Annex T-2 Page 2/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.3 Permanent by-pass arrangement from RVT to OHT 1 75 to 90 ND HDPE pipes (6 Kg) 2,000 m 580 1,160,000.00 - - 1,160,000.00 2 80mm GI pipes 150 m 1,192 178,800.00 - - 178,800.00 3 Earth works 1,161 Cum 500 580,500.00 - - 580,500.00 4 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 200,820.00 - - 200,820.00 5 Other Appurtenances 1 LS 100,000 100,000.00 - - 100,000.00 Sub total 2,220,120.00 - - 2,220,120.00

B Extension Works B.1 Pipe material and laying 1 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 2,000 RM 230 460,000.00 - - 460,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 1,500 RM 440 660,000.00 - - 660,000.00 3 HDPE Pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 1,000 RM 580 580,000.00 - - 580,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 110/6 kg/cm2 800 RM 800 640,000.00 - - 640,000.00 5 Earth works 3,180 Cum 500 1,590,000.00 - - 1,590,000.00 6 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 351,000.00 - - 351,000.00 Sub total 4,281,000.00 - - 4,281,000.00

B.2 Chambers 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 4 Nos. 67,600 270,400.00 - - 270,400.00 2 Air Valves and Chambers 5 Nos. 40,100 200,500.00 - - 200,500.00 Sub total 470,900.00 - - 470,900.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 710,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 310,000.00

Total of Bardghat 9,272,220.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 8,872,220.00

IV. Bardibas A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Additional of New sump well in Ratu Khola 1 Sump Well construction 1 No 2,500,000 2,500,000.00 - - 2,500,000.00 1 Supply and installation of Pumps (35 to 40 HP) 1 No 275,000 275,000.00 - - 275,000.00 2 Supply and installation of Pumps (35 to 40 HP) 1 No 250,000 250,000.00 - - 250,000.00 3 Other electrical arrangements LS 100,000 100,000.00 - - 100,000.00 4 Supply and laying of Pipe of GI 125 mm 3,500 m 2,340 8,190,000.00 - - 8,190,000.00 5 Pipe fittings 10%of pipe cost 819,000.00 - - 819,000.00 6 Earthwork in Pipe line 1,890 Cum 500 945,000.00 - - 945,000.00 7 Anchor Blocks 8 No 7,000 56,000.00 - - 56,000.00 8 Generator Set 1 Set 650,000 650,000.00 - - 650,000.00 Sub total 13,785,000.00 - - 13,785,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 3/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.2 Transmission line Improvement and Enhancement 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 3 Nos. 75,000 225,000.00 112,500.00 112,500.00 - 2 Air Valves and Chambers 7 Nos. 60,000 420,000.00 210,000.00 210,000.00 - Sub total 645,000.00 322,500.00 322,500.00 -

A.3 Miscellaneous Work 1 Bulk Water Meter and Chambers 2 Nos. 160,000 320,000.00 160,000.00 160,000.00 - 2 Replacement of sand media 1 Nos. 150,000 150,000.00 - - 150,000.00 3 Installation of V-notch Plates in outlet of each compartment of SSF 4 Nos. 8,750 35,000.00 17,500.00 17,500.00 - Sub total 505,000.00 177,500.00 177,500.00 150,000.00 B Extension Works B.1 Pipe and Chambers 1 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 1,500 RM 230 345,000.00 - - 345,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 1,200 RM 440 528,000.00 - - 528,000.00 3 HDPE Pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 800 RM 580 464,000.00 - - 464,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 110/6 kg/cm2 500 RM 800 400,000.00 - - 400,000.00 5 Earth works 2,160 Cum 500 1,080,000.00 - - 1,080,000.00 6 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 260,550.00 - - 260,550.00 7 Washout Valves and Chambers 3 Nos. 75,000 225,000.00 - - 225,000.00 8 Air Valves and Chambers 4 Nos. 60,000 240,000.00 - - 240,000.00 Sub total 3,542,550.00 - - 3,542,550.00 C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 430,000.00 - - 430,000.00

Total of Bardibas 18,907,550.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 17,907,550.00

V. Belbari A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Replacing HDPE pipe of Lohandra Crossing 1 Dewatering LS 100,000 100,000.00 - - 100,000.00 2 Supply and installation of DI pipes 400 m 6,500 2,600,000.00 - - 2,600,000.00 3 Fittings of Pipe 20%of pipe cost 520,000.00 - - 520,000.00 4 Earthwork 640 Cum 500 320,000.00 - - 320,000.00 5 Concrete anchor block (1m*1m*1m) 25 Cum 8,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 Sub total 3,740,000.00 - - 3,740,000.00 A.2 Air Valve & Washout Valves 1 Washout Valves and Chamber 6 Nos. 92,300 553,800.00 - - 553,800.00 2 Air Valves and Chambers 4 Nos. 67,600 270,400.00 - - 270,400.00 Sub total 824,200.00 - - 824,200.00

Annex T-2 Page 4/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.3 Miscellaneous 1 Replacement of butt joints to flanged Joints 40 Nos. 13,000 520,000.00 - - 520,000.00 2 Installation of Bulk meters at OHT outlet 1 Nos. 100,000 100,000.00 - - 100,000.00 3 Repair of old Bulk Water meters 6 Nos. 25,000 150,000.00 - - 150,000.00 4 Boundary wall in OHT premises 120 m 6,000 720,000.00 - - 720,000.00 Sub total 1,490,000.00 - - 1,490,000.00

B Extension Works B.1 Pipe and Chambers to increase HHs connection 1 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 800 RM 230 184,000.00 - - 184,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 400 RM 440 176,000.00 - - 176,000.00 3 HDPE Pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 200 RM 580 116,000.00 - - 116,000.00 5 Earth works 756 Cum 500 378,000.00 - - 378,000.00 6 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 71,400.00 - - 71,400.00 7 Washout Valves and Chambers 2 Nos. 75,000 150,000.00 - - 150,000.00 8 Air Valves and Chambers 2 Nos. 60,000 120,000.00 - - 120,000.00 Sub total 1,195,400.00 - - 1,195,400.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 670,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 270,000.00

Total of Belbari 7,919,600.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 7,519,600.00

VI. Beni A Rectification and Remedial Works 1 HRF for pre treatment 1 No. 8,000,000 8,000,000.00 - - 8,000,000.00 2 Rehabilitation of Old RVT. 2 No 500,000 1,000,000.00 - - 1,000,000.00 3 V-notch Chamber for discharge measurement 2 No. 60,000 120,000.00 - - 120,000.00 4 Bulk Water Meters in main outlets 2 No. 80,000 160,000.00 - - 160,000.00 5 Landslide mitigation measures 1 LS 1,000,000 1,000,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 - 7 Rearrangement of Washout and Bypass in PST 1 LS 250,000 250,000.00 - - 250,000.00 8 Boundary Wall for Old RVT Site 70 m 6,000 420,000.00 - - 420,000.00 9 Restoring TL of New intake by 160 dia. 10kgf HDPE pipe 1,000 m 2,460 2,460,000.00 - - 2,460,000.00 10 Earth works 540 Cum 500 270,000.00 - - 270,000.00 11 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 369,000.00 - - 369,000.00 Sub total 14,049,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 13,049,000.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 530,000.00 - - 530,000.00

Total of Beni 14,579,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 13,579,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 5/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part VII. Bijuwar A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Rehabilitation of Infiltration galleries 1 Earth work and dewatering 2 LS 80,000 160,000.00 - - 160,000.00 2 Provision of Geotextile fiber & filter material; 2 LS 50,000 100,000.00 - - 100,000.00 3 Dismantling and restoration of Gabion Boxes 2 LS 300,000 600,000.00 - - 600,000.00 4 Laying of new laterals from galleries to S. well 600 m 800 480,000.00 - - 480,000.00 Sub total 1,340,000.00 - - 1,340,000.00 A.2 Tapping of New source (ongoing sump well const.) 1 Ongoing Works (Contract Awarded) Under investment of I package 3,501,409 - - - - 2 Remaining works for completion of design work by DWSSDO 6,485,820 6,485,820.00 3,000,000.00 3,000,000.00 485,820.00 Sub total 6,485,820.00 3,000,000.00 3,000,000.00 485,820.00 A.3 Miscellaneous Work 1 Portable Generator & Arc welding Machine 1 set 175,000 175,000.00 - - 175,000.00 2 Replacement of butt joints to flanged Joints 25 No. 10,000 250,000.00 - - 250,000.00 3 Replacement of GI/HDPE Fittings in Sub-transmission lines 25 No. 9,000 225,000.00 - - 225,000.00 4 Other Small works LS 250,000 250,000.00 - - 250,000.00 Sub total 900,000.00 - - 900,000.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 810,000.00 - - 810,000.00

Total of Bijuwar 9,535,820.00 3,000,000.00 3,000,000.00 3,535,820.00

VIII. Birendranagar A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Addition of New Source 1 GI Pipe of 125 dia. up to RVT of SS #10 1,600 RM 2,340 3,744,000.00 - - 3,744,000.00 2 HDPE pipe of 125mm from RVT of 10 to SS# 9 2,000 RM 1,000 2,000,000.00 - - 2,000,000.00 3 Fittings material and installation 18%of pipe cost 1,033,920.00 - - 1,033,920.00 4 Earthwork & pipe laying Works 1,944 Cum 500 972,000.00 - - 972,000.00 5 Supply and installation of 30 HP pumps 2 Set 250,000 500,000.00 - - 500,000.00 6 Supply of 30 HP pumps 1 Set 225,000 225,000.00 - - 225,000.00 7 Other electrical arrangements including generator 1 LS 100,000 100,000.00 - - 100,000.00 Sub total 8,574,920.00 - - 8,574,920.00

A.2 Replacing of old Bottleneck Transmission Lines 1 Rehabilitation of Itram and Khorke Intakes with Collection Chambers 2 No 500,000 1,000,000.00 - - 1,000,000.00 2 Pipes from Itram Intake to RVT (160mm to 125 mm diameter) 3,500 Rm 1,252 4,382,000.00 - - 4,382,000.00 3 Pipes from Khorke Intake to RVT (125 to 90 mm diameter) 2,500 Rm 712 1,780,000.00 - - 1,780,000.00 4 Earth works 3,240 Cum 500 1,620,000.00 - - 1,620,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 924,300.00 - - 924,300.00 Sub total 9,706,300.00 - - 9,706,300.00

Annex T-2 Page 6/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.3 Replacing of old distribution pipes 1 HDPE 63/6 kg/cm2 2,800 RM 230 644,000.00 - - 644,000.00 2 HDPE 75/6 kg/cm2 3,500 RM 440 1,540,000.00 - - 1,540,000.00 3 HDPE 90/6 kg/cm2 4,000 RM 580 2,320,000.00 - - 2,320,000.00 4 HDPE 110/6 kg/cm2 500 RM 800 400,000.00 - - 400,000.00 5 Replacement of bottleneck 250ND pipe with DI Pipe of 300 ND pipe 750 RM 8,300 6,225,000.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 3,225,000.00 6 250 ND pipes from NEW RVT to Distribution 1,200 RM 6,500 7,800,000.00 7,800,000.00 7 Earth works 6,237 Cum 500 3,118,500.00 - - 3,118,500.00 8 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 1,669,350.00 - - 1,669,350.00 Sub total 23,716,850.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 20,716,850.00 A.4 Protection of TL and Grit chambers 1 Landslide mitigation measures LS 1,500,000 1,500,000.00 - - 1,500,000.00 4 Boundary for Grit Chambers 50 m 6,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 5 Repair of river crossings 2 LS 200,000 400,000.00 - - 400,000.00 Sub total 2,200,000.00 - - 2,200,000.00 A.4 Miscellaneous Work 1 Roughening filters for Khorke Source LS 7,000,000 7,000,000.00 - - 7,000,000.00 2 Supply of Clamp on Ultrasonic meters 1 Nos. 600,000 600,000.00 - - 600,000.00 3 Other minor Structure and arrangements including V-notch LS 400,000 400,000.00 - - 400,000.00 Sub total 8,000,000.00 - - 8,000,000.00 B Extension Works B.1 Pipes 1 DI Pipes of 200 mm dia. 1,000 RM 5,000 5,000,000.00 - - 5,000,000.00 2 Earth works 700 Cum 500 350,000.00 - - 350,000.00 3 Fittings material and installation 20%of pipe cost 1,000,000.00 - - 1,000,000.00 Sub total 6,350,000.00 - - 6,350,000.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 1,250,000.00 - - 1,250,000.00

Total of Birendranagar 59,798,070.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 56,798,070.00

IX. Birtamod A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Drilling and Installation of Tube well 1 Tube well Drilling 2 No 2,500,000 5,000,000.00 - - 5,000,000.00 2 30-35 HP S. Pumps supply and installation 2 No 275,000 550,000.00 - - 550,000.00 3 Additional stand by-pump (30-35 HP) 1 No 250,000 250,000.00 - - 250,000.00 4 Other electrical arrangements LS 100,000 100,000.00 - - 100,000.00 Sub total 5,900,000.00 - - 5,900,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 7/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.2 Miscellaneous Work 1 Major Repair of D-gen set (of OHT B & C) 2 set 200,000 400,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 -

Replacement of filter media in pressure filter and changes of packed material in 2 1 LS 500,000 500,000.00 - 500,000.00 aeration tower

3 Replacement of Butterfly Valves of WTP 4 No. 80,000 320,000.00 160,000.00 160,000.00 - 4 Additional control valves in old distribution network 8 No. 65,000 520,000.00 260,000.00 260,000.00 - 5 Additional washout valves in distribution network 4 No. 92,300 369,200.00 369,200.00 6 Repairing of electrical system of pump panel boards 3 Set 160,000 480,000.00 80,000.00 80,000.00 320,000.00 7 Supply of Clamp on Ultrasonic meters 1 Nos. 600,000 600,000.00 - - 600,000.00 8 Trailer Mounted Silent Mobile Generator (60 KVA and <70dB) 1 Set 2,000,000 2,000,000.00 - - 2,000,000.00 9 Other small works 1 LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 Sub total 5,389,200.00 700,000.00 700,000.00 3,989,200.00 B Extension Works B.1 Pipe material and laying 1 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 3,000 RM 230 690,000.00 - - 690,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 1,500 RM 440 660,000.00 - - 660,000.00 3 HDPE Pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 1,000 RM 580 580,000.00 - - 580,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 110/6 kg/cm2 500 RM 800 400,000.00 - - 400,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 349,500.00 - - 349,500.00 6 Earth works 3,240 Cum 500 1,620,000.00 - - 1,620,000.00 Sub total 4,299,500.00 - - 4,299,500.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 890,000.00 - - 890,000.00

Total of Birtamod 16,478,700.00 700,000.00 700,000.00 15,078,700.00

X. Budhabare A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Drilling and Installation of Tube Well 1 Tube well Drilling at Hokse Area 1 No 2,500,000 2,500,000.00 - - 2,500,000.00 2 30-35 HP S. Pumps Supply and installation 1 No 275,000 275,000.00 - - 275,000.00 3 30-35 HP stand by Submersible Pumps Supply 3 No 250,000 750,000.00 - - 750,000.00 4 Other electrical arrangements 1 LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 5 Pipe Arrangements 1 LS 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 Sub total 4,025,000.00 - - 4,025,000.00

A.2 Chambers and Bulk Water Meters 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 6 Nos. 92,300 553,800.00 - - 553,800.00 2 Air Valves and Chambers 3 Nos. 67,600 202,800.00 - - 202,800.00 3 Bulk Water Meter and Chambers 2 Nos. 100,000 200,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 - Sub total 956,600.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 756,600.00

Annex T-2 Page 8/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.3 Miscellaneous Work 1 Replacement of 25 kva D-Den set 1 set 600,000 600,000.00 - - 600,000.00 2 Replacement of Booster pump 2 LS 250,000 500,000.00 - - 500,000.00 2 Replacement and repair of other electrical Gadgets (panel board, wire, etc) 1 LS 500,000 500,000.00 - - 500,000.00 3 Replacement of Two control Valve of OHT (300 mm) 3 No. 66,750 200,250.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 250.00 4 Extension of Electrical TL from Ilam Feeder 1 LS LS 150,000.00 - - 150,000.00 Sub total 1,950,250.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 1,750,250.00 B Extension Works B Pipe material and laying 1 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 1,200 RM 230 276,000.00 - - 276,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 1,000 RM 440 440,000.00 - - 440,000.00 3 HDPE pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 600 RM 580 348,000.00 - - 348,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 110/6 kg/cm2 300 RM 800 240,000.00 - - 240,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 195,600.00 - - 195,600.00 6 Earth works 1,674 Cum 500 837,000.00 - - 837,000.00 Sub total 2,336,600.00 - - 2,336,600.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 740,000.00 - - 740,000.00

Total of Budhabare 10,008,450.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 9,608,450.00

XI. Fikkal A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Replacing of Spigot DI pipes in Crossing by Flanged DI pipes 1 Replacement of DI pipes at Mayum Khola crossing 600 m 5,000 3,000,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 2,000,000.00 2 Anchor block of concrete in Mayum Khola Crossing 5 No. 7,000 35,000.00 - - 35,000.00 Sub total 3,035,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 2,035,000.00

A.2 Measure to mitigate TL Problem and remedies 1 Landslide mitigation Measures in Intake area 1LS 800,000 800,000.00 - - 800,000.00 2 Replacement of Damaged TL (125dia. GI) from Land slide and Flood 500m 2,340 1,170,000.00 - - 1,170,000.00 3 Fittings material and installation of pipe 10%of pipe cost 117,000.00 - - 117,000.00 4 Earth works 270 Cum 500 135,000.00 - - 135,000.00 5 Anchor Block and Conceiting for new pipe line 5Cum 8,000 40,000.00 - - 40,000.00 6 Replacement of problematic butt joints to flanged Joints in Rungsung area 10Sets 11,000 110,000.00 - - 110,000.00 Sub total 2,372,000.00 - - 2,372,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 9/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.3 Remedial measure for high pressure area of distribution system 1 Replacement of HDPE by GI pipe in Dist.(high pressure area) 400 m 470 188,000.00 - - 188,000.00 2 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 28,200.00 - - 28,200.00 3 Earth works 216 Cum 500 108,000.00 - - 108,000.00 4 Water meters for high pressure (16 to 20 bars) 150 No. 2,800 420,000.00 - - 420,000.00 Sub total 744,200.00 - - 744,200.00

A.4 Treatment and safety of system's component 1 Roughening Filters with gravity aeration 1 No 8,000,000 8,000,000.00 - - 8,000,000.00 2 Supply and installation of Dosing pumps with FRP tank 2 Set 70,000 140,000.00 - - 140,000.00 3 Boundary Wall 140 m 6,000 840,000.00 - - 840,000.00 Sub total 8,980,000.00 - - 8,980,000.00 A.5 Establishment of maintenance unit with equipment 1 Guard house/Maintenance workshop 1 No 800,000 800,000.00 - - 800,000.00 2 Portable Generator & Arc welding Machine 2 set 200,000 400,000.00 - - 400,000.00 3 Other Tools and Equipments for maintenance unit 1 set 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 Sub total 1,500,000.00 - - 1,500,000.00

A.5 Discharge measuring arrangement and Miscellaneous 1 Bulk Water meters 2 No. 60,000 120,000.00 - - 120,000.00 2 V-notch Chamber 2 No. 67,600 135,200.00 - - 135,200.00 3 New Air Valve and Chamber 4 No. 40,100 160,400.00 - - 160,400.00 4 Standby Sluice valves/other valves 4 No. 35,000 140,000.00 - - 140,000.00 5 Other Minor Works 1 LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 Sub total 755,600.00 - - 755,600.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 590,000.00 - - 590,000.00

Total of Fikkal 17,976,800.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 16,976,800.00

XII. Gorahi A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Addition of New Source by Sump well 1 Sump well in Sewer Khola 1 No 3,000,000 3,000,000.00 - - 3,000,000.00 2 Supply and installation of Pumps (16 to 20 HP) 1 No 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 3 Other Electrical arrangements LS 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 4 Supply and laying of Pipe of GI 125 mm 600 m 2,340 1,404,000.00 - - 1,404,000.00 5 Pipe fittings 20%of pipe cost 280,800.00 - - 280,800.00 6 Earthwork in Pipe line 324 Cum 500 162,000.00 - - 162,000.00 7 Anchor Blocks 12 No 7,000 84,000.00 - - 84,000.00 Sub total 5,430,800.00 - - 5,430,800.00

Annex T-2 Page 10/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.2 Addition of New Source from Tubewell 1 New Tube well drilling (Katuwa Khola and Buddhi garage) 1 No 2,500,000 2,500,000.00 - - 2,500,000.00 2 20-25 HP S. Pumps supply and installation 1 No 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 3 Additional stand by-pump (20-25 HP) 1 No 175,000 175,000.00 - - 175,000.00 4 Other electrical arrangements LS 100,000 100,000.00 - - 100,000.00 5 Pipe, Appurtenances and Fittings 1 Set 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 Sub total 3,175,000.00 - - 3,175,000.00

A.3 Miscellaneous Work 1 Washout Valves and Chamber 8 Nos. 75,000 600,000.00 175,000.00 175,000.00 250,000.00 2 New by-pass pipes from SS #3 to OHT (90mm) 2,500 m 580 1,450,000.00 - - 1,450,000.00 3 Pipe fittings 10%of pipe cost 145,000.00 - - 145,000.00 4 Earthwork for new by-pass pipes 1,350 Cum 500 675,000.00 - - 675,000.00 5 Supply of Stand by S. Pumps (15 to 17 Hp) 2 No. 175,000 350,000.00 175,000.00 175,000.00 - 6 Changing of sand media of SSF of SS #3 1 LS 300,000 300,000.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 - Sub total 3,520,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 2,520,000.00

B Extension Works 1 HDPE 50/6 kg/cm2 2,000 RM 150 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 2 HDPE 63/6 kg/cm2 1,500 RM 230 345,000.00 - - 345,000.00 3 HDPE 75/6 kg/cm2 1,000 RM 440 440,000.00 - - 440,000.00 4 HDPE 90/6 kg/cm2 500 RM 580 290,000.00 - - 290,000.00 5 HDPE 110/6 kg/cm2 300 RM 800 240,000.00 - - 240,000.00 6 Earth works 2,862 Cum 500 1,431,000.00 - - 1,431,000.00 7 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 242,250.00 - - 242,250.00 Sub total 3,288,250.00 - - 3,288,250.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 910,000.00 - - 910,000.00

Total of Gorahi 16,324,050.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 15,324,050.00

XIII. Itahari A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Stand-by Submersible Pumps 1 Supply of Stand by S. Pumps (18 HP) 2 No 150,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 2 Supply of Stand by S. Pumps (22 HP) 2 No 175,000 350,000.00 - - 350,000.00 Sub total 650,000.00 - - 650,000.00

A.2 Segregation of one sub-system in 1st phase 1 Installation of Valve Chamber with Valves (for 150mm pipes) 10 No 67,600 676,000.00 - - 676,000.00 2 Installation of Valve Chamber with Valves (for >150mm pipes) 6 No 92,300 553,800.00 - - 553,800.00 Sub total 1,229,800.00 - - 1,229,800.00

Annex T-2 Page 11/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.3 Other Chambers with valves 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 10 Nos. 92,300 923,000.00 - - 923,000.00 2 Air Valves and Chambers 4 Nos. 67,600 270,400.00 - - 270,400.00 Sub total 1,193,400.00 - - 1,193,400.00

A.2 Miscellaneous Work 1 Supply of Clamp on Ultrasonic meters 1 Nos. 600,000 600,000.00 - - 600,000.00 2 Washout Valves and Chamber 10 Nos. 75,000 750,000.00 - - 750,000.00 3 Replacement of problematic butt joints to flanged Joints 30 Nos. 15,000 450,000.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 4 Trailer Mounted Silent Mobile Generator (60 KVA and <70dB) 1 Set 2,000,000 2,000,000.00 2,000,000.00 Sub total 3,800,000.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 3,500,000.00

B Extension Works 1 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 2,500 RM 230 575,000.00 - - 575,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 1,600 RM 440 704,000.00 - - 704,000.00 3 HDPE Pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 800 RM 580 464,000.00 - - 464,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 110/6 kg/cm2 400 RM 800 320,000.00 - - 320,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 309,450.00 - - 309,450.00 6 Earth works 2,862 Cum 500 1,431,000.00 - - 1,431,000.00 Sub total 3,803,450.00 - - 3,803,450.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 620,000.00 - - 620,000.00

Total of Itahari 11,296,650.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 10,996,650.00

XIV. Kamalamai A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Addition of New Water Source 1 Sump well in Gadeuli River 1 No 3,000,000 3,000,000.00 - - 3,000,000.00 2 Supply and installation of Pumps (30 to 35 HP) 1 No 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 3 Supply of Pumps (30 to 35 HP) 1 275,000 275,000.00 - - 275,000.00 4 Other Electrical arrangements LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 5 Supply and laying of Pipe of GI 125 mm 1,500 m 2,340 3,510,000.00 - - 3,510,000.00 6 Pipe fittings 20%of pipe cost 702,000.00 - - 702,000.00 7 Earthwork in Pipe line 810 Cum 500 405,000.00 - - 405,000.00 Sub total 8,392,000.00 - - 8,392,000.00 A.2 New reservoir 1 Construction of New RVT at Damar (200 cum capacity) 1 nos. 3,171,500 3,171,500.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 2,771,500.00 2 Replacement of old RVT by 300 cum RVT near Army camp 1 nos. 4,004,000 4,004,000.00 - 4,004,000.00 3 Construction of additional 200 cum RVT at Army camp 1 nos. 3,172,000 3,172,000.00 - - 3,172,000.00 4 Fittings and pipes LS 450,000 450,000.00 - - 450,000.00 Sub total 10,797,500.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 10,397,500.00

Annex T-2 Page 12/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.3 New pipe linkage from Dhura bazaar 1 HDPE pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 for Dhura bazaar 2,200 RM 580 1,276,000.00 - - 1,276,000.00 2 Fittings material and installation 12%of pipe cost 153,120.00 - - 153,120.00 3 Earth works 1,188 Cum 500 594,000.00 - - 594,000.00 Sub total 2,023,120.00 - - 2,023,120.00 A.4 Chambers and discharge measurement arrangement 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 4 Nos. 75,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 2 Air Valves and Chambers 4 Nos. 60,000 240,000.00 - - 240,000.00 3 Bulk Water Meter and Chambers 2 Nos. 150,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 4 Other discharge measurement arrangement (V-notch) 1 Ls 100,000 100,000.00 - - 100,000.00 Sub total 940,000.00 - - 940,000.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 590,000.00 - - 590,000.00

Total of Kamalamai 22,742,620.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 22,342,620.00

XV. Kawaswoti A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Restoration of Kerunga Transmission line 1 Supply and installation of 200 mm dia. Di Pipes 2,000 m 5,000 10,000,000.00 - - 10,000,000.00 2 Fittings material and installation 20%of pipe cost 2,000,000.00 - - 2,000,000.00 3 Earth works 1,080 Cum 500 540,000.00 - - 540,000.00 4 Anchor Blocks at river banks 120 No 10,000 1,200,000.00 - - 1,200,000.00 Sub total 13,740,000.00 - - 13,740,000.00

A.2 Drilling and Installation of New Tube well 1 Tube well Drilling 1 No 2,500,000 2,500,000.00 1,075,000.00 1,075,000.00 350,000.00 2 30-35 HP S. Pumps supply and installation 2 No 275,000 550,000.00 275,000.00 275,000.00 - 3 Additional stand by-pump (30-35 HP) 1 No 250,000 250,000.00 125,000.00 125,000.00 - 4 Other electrical arrangements LS 200,000 200,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 - Sub total 3,500,000.00 1,575,000.00 1,575,000.00 350,000.00

A.3 Miscellaneous Work 1 Bulk Water Meter and Chambers 3 Nos. 50,000 150,000.00 75,000.00 75,000.00 - 2 Changing of Filter media in SSF 1 Nos. 200,000 200,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 - 3 Other minor structure and repair LS 500,000 500,000.00 250,000.00 250,000.00 - Sub total 850,000.00 425,000.00 425,000.00 -

Annex T-2 Page 13/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part B Extension Works 1 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 2,600 RM 230 598,000.00 - - 598,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 2,000 RM 440 880,000.00 - - 880,000.00 3 HDPE Pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 1,000 RM 580 580,000.00 - - 580,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 110/6 kg/cm2 800 RM 800 640,000.00 - - 640,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 404,700.00 - - 404,700.00 6 Earth works 3,456 Cum 500 1,728,000.00 - - 1,728,000.00 Sub total 4,830,700.00 - - 4,830,700.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 840,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 440,000.00

Total of Kawaswoti 23,760,700.00 2,200,000.00 2,200,000.00 19,360,700.00

XVI. Khairenitar A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Addition of New Water Source for pumping 1 Construction of Sump-well 1 No 3,000,000 3,000,000.00 - - 3,000,000.00 2 Supply and installation of Pumps (15 to 20 HP) 1 No 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 3 Supply of Pumps (15 to 20 HP) 1 No 175,000 175,000.00 - - 175,000.00 4 Other electrical arrangements LS 150,000 150,000.00 - - 150,000.00 5 Supply and laying of GI Pipe 100 mm 800 m 1,785 1,428,000.00 - - 1,428,000.00 6 Pipe fittings 20%of pipe cost 285,600.00 - - 285,600.00 7 Earthwork in Pipe line 432 Cum 500 216,000.00 - - 216,000.00 8 Generator, generator house and electrical arrangement 1 LS 800,000 800,000.00 - - 800,000.00 Sub total 6,254,600.00 - - 6,254,600.00 A.2 New Reservoir and HRF for Bhung-Bhunge Source 1 Construction of 200 cum RVT for Bhung-Bhunge source 1 nos. 3,171,500 3,171,500.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 171,500.00 2 Construction of HRF for Bhung- Bhunge source 1 nos. 2,000,000 2,000,000.00 - 2,000,000.00 2 Fittings and pipes LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 Sub total 5,371,500.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 2,371,500.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 540,000.00 - - 540,000.00

Total of Khairenitar 12,166,100.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 9,166,100.00

XVII. Kohalpur A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Addition of New Source from Tubewell 1 Well drilling (200 to 300 m depth incl. installation of 250 to 300 ND pipe ) 1 No 4,500,000 4,500,000.00 - - 4,500,000.00 2 25-35 HP S. Pumps supply and installation 1 No 275,000 275,000.00 - - 275,000.00 4 Other electrical arrangements LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 5 Pipe, Appurtenances and Fittings 1 Set 150,000 150,000.00 - - 150,000.00 Sub total 5,125,000.00 - - 5,125,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 14/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.2 New ground reservoir to collect all TW discharge 1 New 500 cum capacity RVT at Anandanagr/OHT premises 1 No. 9,226,000 9,226,000.00 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 4,226,000.00 2 Additional stand by-pump (30-35 HP) 2 No 250,000 500,000.00 - - 500,000.00 3 Pipe arrangement and fittings 1 LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 Sub total 9,926,000.00 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 4,926,000.00

A.3 Re-arrangement of Electrical equipments and generator 1 Supply and Installation of 50kVA D-gen set 1 No 800,000 800,000.00 - - 800,000.00 2 Shifting of 150 Kava Gen set from OHT to Aanandanagar LS 50,000 50,000.00 - - 50,000.00 3 Electrical Arrangement for new and old generators LS 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 Sub total 1,150,000.00 - - 1,150,000.00

A.4 Boundary Wall and Generator House 1 Generator room cum Guard House at Aanandanagar 1 No 1,000,000 1,000,000.00 - - 1,000,000.00 2 Boundary Wall at Aanandanagar Area 150 m 6,000 900,000.00 - - 900,000.00 Sub total 1,900,000.00 - - 1,900,000.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 740,000.00 - - 740,000.00

Total of Kohalpur 18,841,000.00 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 13,841,000.00

XVIII. Kusma A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Addition of New Gravity Source 1 Intake for Chiuri Dhad 1 No 100,000 100,000.00 - - 100,000.00 2 Supply and laying of Pipe of HDPE 90mm/ 6 Kg 2,000 m 580 1,160,000.00 - - 1,160,000.00 3 Pipe fittings 15%of pipe cost 174,000.00 - - 174,000.00 4 Earthwork in Pipe line 1,080 Cum 500 540,000.00 - - 540,000.00 Sub total 1,974,000.00 - - 1,974,000.00

A.2 Addition of New Source for Pumping 1 Collection Chamber for Daundare Khola spring source 1 No. 80,000 80,000.00 - - 80,000.00 2 Supply and installation of Pumps (12 to 15 HP) 2 No 150,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 3 Other electrical arrangements LS 75,000 75,000.00 - - 75,000.00 4 Supply and laying of GI Pipe 80 mm 160 m 1,192 190,720.00 - - 190,720.00 5 Pipe fittings 20%of pipe cost 38,144.00 - - 38,144.00 6 Earthwork in Pipe line 86 Cum 500 43,200.00 - - 43,200.00 Sub total 727,064.00 - - 727,064.00

Annex T-2 Page 15/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.3 Rehabilitation and Construction of New reservoir 1 Replacement of old RVT by 300 cum RVT at old RVT site 1 nos. 4,004,000 4,004,000.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 3,704,000.00 2 Rehabilitation of Old RVT of 300 cum capacity 1 LS 400,000 400,000.00 150,000.00 150,000.00 100,000.00 3 Rearrangement of pipes in old RVT area 1 LS 200,000 200,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 - Sub total 4,604,000.00 400,000.00 400,000.00 3,804,000.00

A.4 Water Pre-treatment unit and other arrangement 1 Dosing unit building/room for guard at RVT area 2 nos. 400,000 800,000.00 - - 800,000.00 2 Construction HRF in old Transmission system 1 nos. 5,000,000 5,000,000.00 - - 5,000,000.00 3 Fittings and pipes for HRF LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 4 Changing of Sand media in both SSF 2 LS 300,000 600,000.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 - Sub total 6,600,000.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 6,000,000.00

A.5 Miscellaneous Work 1 Replacement of Bottleneck of pipe from RVT to "0" Km by 110 ND pipe 900 m 1,190 1,071,000.00 - 1,071,000.00 2 Supply and laying of 63 ND 10 Kgf pipe in Bottleneck stretches of TL 1,800 m 230 414,000.00 - 414,000.00 2 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 222,750.00 - - 222,750.00 3 Earth works 1,458 Cum 500 729,000.00 - - 729,000.00 4 Supply and installation of Sluice valve in WN 6 2 Nos. 67,600 135,200.00 - - 135,200.00 5 Supply and installation of Dosing pumps with FRP tank with shed 3 Set 150,000 450,000.00 225,000.00 225,000.00 - 6 Other minor works (including V-notch arrangements) LS 150,000 150,000.00 75,000.00 75,000.00 - Sub total 3,171,950.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 2,571,950.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 480,000.00 - - 480,000.00

Total of Kusma 17,557,014.00 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 15,557,014.00

XIX. Lamki A Rectification and Remedial Works A Drilling and Installation of New Shallow TW in vicinity 1 Tube well Drilling at new area 1 No 1,500,000 1,500,000.00 - - 1,500,000.00 2 40 to 45 HP S. Pumps supply and installation 1 No 325,000 325,000.00 - - 325,000.00 3 40 to 45 HP S. Pumps supply 1 No 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 4 Other electrical arrangements LS 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 5 GI pipe of 100 mm dia. for new tubewell to WTP 2,000 RM 2,120 4,240,000.00 - - 4,240,000.00 6 Fittings material and installation 20%of pipe cost 848,000.00 - - 848,000.00 7 Earth works 1,080 Cum 500 540,000.00 - - 540,000.00 Sub total 8,053,000.00 - - 8,053,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 16/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.2 Miscellaneous Work 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 18 Nos. 75,000 1,350,000.00 250,000.00 250,000.00 850,000.00 2 Replacement of major Control valves 5 set 75,000 375,000.00 - - 375,000.00 3 Replacement of non-functioning HHs meters 500 LS 1,500 750,000.00 - - 750,000.00 Sub total 2,475,000.00 250,000.00 250,000.00 1,975,000.00

B Extension Works 1 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 1,400 RM 230 322,000.00 - - 322,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 700 RM 440 308,000.00 - - 308,000.00 3 HDPE pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 300 RM 580 174,000.00 - - 174,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 110/6 kg/cm2 200 RM 800 160,000.00 - - 160,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 144,600.00 - - 144,600.00 6 Earth works 1,404 Cum 500 702,000.00 - - 702,000.00 Sub total 1,810,600.00 - - 1,810,600.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 670,000.00 - - 670,000.00

Total of Lamki 13,008,600.00 250,000.00 250,000.00 12,508,600.00

XX. Lekhnath A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Addition of New intake and Intake Filters 1 Shifting of Intake with Intake filter about 50m u/s of old intake 1 No 2,000,000 2,000,000.00 - - 2,000,000.00 2 Intake Filter at Giuje Khola Intake 1 No 1,500,000 1,500,000.00 550,000.00 550,000.00 400,000.00 3 Construction HRF in new transmission system DWSSDO is under implementing process - - - - 4 Replacement of butt joints to flanged Joints 40 Nos. 15,000 600,000.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 - Sub total 4,100,000.00 850,000.00 850,000.00 2,400,000.00

A.2 Re-alignment of Giuje Transmission at Chilaunedanda 1 Pipes (DI 300ND) 1,800 Rm 8,300 14,940,000.00 - - 14,940,000.00 2 Earth works 972 Cum 500 486,000.00 - - 486,000.00 3 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 2,241,000.00 - - 2,241,000.00 4 Construction of air Chambers 2 Nos 115,000 230,000.00 - - 230,000.00 Sub total 17,897,000.00 - - 17,897,000.00

A.2 Improvement of Distribution system 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 6 Nos. 75,000 450,000.00 - 450,000.00 2 Air Valves and Chambers 6 Nos. 60,000 360,000.00 - 360,000.00 Sub total 810,000.00 - - 810,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 17/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.3 Miscellaneous Work 1 Supply of Portable clamp-on Ultrasonic meters 1 Nos. 600,000 600,000.00 - - 600,000.00 2 Other minor works including V-notch chamber LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 3 HDPE pipes of 90mm @ 10kg series for reticulation 1,000 RM 870 870,000.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 270,000.00 4 Earth works 600 Cum 500 300,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 130,500.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 30,500.00 Sub total 2,100,500.00 450,000.00 450,000.00 1,200,500.00

B Extension Works 1 HDPE pipes of 90mm @ 6kg series for new dist. 500 RM 580 290,000.00 - - 290,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75mm @ 6kg series for new dist. 1,000 RM 440 440,000.00 - - 440,000.00 3 HDPE pipes of 63mm @ 6kg series for new dist. 1,500 RM 230 345,000.00 - - 345,000.00 4 Earth works 1,620 Cum 500 810,000.00 - - 810,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 109,500.00 - - 109,500.00 Sub total 1,994,500.00 - - 1,994,500.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 990,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 590,000.00

Total of Lekhnath 27,892,000.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 24,892,000.00

XXI. Mahendranagar A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Drilling and Installation of Tube well in neighboring area 1 Tube well Drilling at new area 1 No 2,500,000 2,500,000.00 - - 2,500,000.00 2 40 to 45 HP S. Pumps supply and installation 1 No 325,000 325,000.00 - - 325,000.00 3 40 to 45 HP S. Pumps supply 1 No 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 4 Other electrical arrangements 1 LS 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 5 Pie and Fritting with laying 1 LS 1,500,000 1,500,000.00 - - 1,500,000.00 Sub total 4,925,000.00 - - 4,925,000.00

A.2 Control of lime incrustation problem 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 25 Nos. 75,000 1,875,000.00 - - 1,875,000.00 2 Replacement of Non-working Water Revenue Meters 500Set 1,500 750,000.00 - - 750,000.00 Sub total 2,625,000.00 - - 2,625,000.00

A.3 Restoration of Electrical system in original state 1 Replacement of 75 KVa D-Gen set 1 set 1,000,000 1,000,000.00 - - 1,000,000.00 2 Replacement of control Valve of WTP 4 No. 40,000 160,000.00 - - 160,000.00 3 Rehabilitation of electrical system of pumps LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 Sub total 1,360,000.00 - - 1,360,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 18/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part B Extension Work 1 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 1,500 RM 230 345,000.00 - - 345,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 500 RM 440 220,000.00 - - 220,000.00 3 HDPE pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 300 RM 580 174,000.00 - - 174,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 110/6 kg/cm2 200 RM 800 160,000.00 - - 160,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 134,850.00 - - 134,850.00 6 Earth works 1,350 Cum 500 675,000.00 - - 675,000.00 Sub total 1,708,850.00 - - 1,708,850.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 790,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 390,000.00

Total of Mahendranagar 11,408,850.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 11,008,850.00

XXII. Parsa A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Replacement of DI Fittings 1 Sluice Valve of 200 mm 3 No 80,000 240,000.00 120,000.00 120,000.00 - 2 Other Fittings LS 450,000 450,000.00 225,000.00 225,000.00 Sub total 690,000.00 345,000.00 345,000.00 - A.2 Miscellaneous 1 Welding Machines 2 set 150,000 300,000.00 - 300,000.00 2 Drill machines 1 set 200,000 200,000.00 - 200,000.00 3 Other Equipments (Heating Plates, Angle cutting , etc) 1 set 200,000 200,000.00 - 200,000.00 Sub total 700,000.00 - - 700,000.00 B Extension Work B1 Pipe material and laying 1 DI 150 mm 400 RM 3,800 1,520,000.00 - - 1,520,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 2,000 RM 230 460,000.00 - - 460,000.00 3 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 1,500 RM 440 660,000.00 - - 660,000.00 4 HDPE Pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 1,000 RM 580 580,000.00 - - 580,000.00 5 HDPE pipes of 110/6 kg/cm2 800 RM 800 640,000.00 - - 640,000.00 6 Earth works 3,078 Cum 500 1,539,000.00 - - 1,539,000.00 7 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 579,000.00 - - 579,000.00 Sub total 5,978,000.00 - - 5,978,000.00 B.2 Chambers 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 5 Nos. 67,600 338,000.00 - - 338,000.00 1 Air Valve and Chambers 5 Nos. 67,600 338,000.00 - - 338,000.00 Sub total 676,000.00 - - 676,000.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 660,000.00 155,000.00 155,000.00 350,000.00

Total of Parsa 8,704,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 7,704,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 19/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part

XXIII. Prithivinarayan A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Rehabilitation of Intakes Rehabilitation of old intakes at Dhovan (Civil Work) 2 No 700,000 1,400,000.00 - - 1,400,000.00 Rearrangements of Pipe and Fittings for new Filter at Dhovan 2 Set 150,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 Sub total 1,700,000.00 - - 1,700,000.00

A.2 Construction of New reservoirs 1 Additional retention RVT at Dhovan at (200 cum) 1 No 3,171,500 3,171,500.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 1,571,500.00 2 Additional storage RVT at Dhad Gaon (200cum) 1 No 3,171,500 3,171,500.00 - 3,171,500.00 3 Pipe and fitting for new RVTs 2 set 150,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 Sub total 6,643,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 5,043,000.00

A.3 Drilling and Installation of New Tube well 1 Tube well Drilling by DTH or other appropriate method. 1 No 2,000,000 2,000,000.00 - - 2,000,000.00 2 15 to 20 HP S. Pumps supply and installation 1 No 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 3 15 to 20 HP S. Pumps supply 1 No 175,000 175,000.00 - - 175,000.00 4 Other electrical arrangements incl. Rearrangements of Panel Board 1 LS 250,000 250,000.00 - - 250,000.00 Sub total 2,625,000.00 - - 2,625,000.00

A.4 Tools and Machinery 1 Portable Generator & Arc welding machine 2 set 200,000 400,000.00 - - 400,000.00 2 Other minor works and Tools + Equipments 1 set 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 Sub total 700,000.00 - - 700,000.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 740,000.00 - - 740,000.00

Total of Prithivinarayan 12,408,000.00 800,000.00 800,000.00 10,808,000.00

XXIV. Ratnanagar A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Replacement of Bulk Water Meters and Revenue Meters 1 Bulk Water Meter 2 No 85,000 170,000.00 - - 170,000.00 2 HHs Revenue Meter 2,000 Nos. 1,400 2,800,000.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 2,200,000.00 3 Construction of New Bulk Water Meter Chambers 2 No 67,600 135,200.00 - - 135,200.00 Sub total 3,105,200.00 300,000.00 300,000.00 2,505,200.00 A.2 Miscellaneous Stand by 40 Hp Pump 2 set 275,000 550,000.00 - - 550,000.00 Guards room 2 set 300,000 600,000.00 - - 600,000.00 Sub total 1,150,000.00 - - 1,150,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 20/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part B Extension Work A,1 Pipe material and laying 1 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 1,500 RM 230 345,000.00 - - 345,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 1,400 RM 440 616,000.00 - - 616,000.00 3 HDPE Pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 1,000 RM 580 580,000.00 - - 580,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 110/6 kg/cm2 500 RM 800 400,000.00 - - 400,000.00 5 Earth works 2,376.00 Cum 500 1,188,000.00 - - 1,188,000.00 6 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 469,350.00 - - 469,350.00 Sub total 3,598,350.00 - - 3,598,350.00

A.2 Construction of Chambers 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 4 Nos. 67,600 270,400.00 - - 270,400.00 2 Air Valves and Chambers 2 Nos. 40,100 80,200.00 - - 80,200.00 Sub total 350,600.00 - - 350,600.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 690,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 290,000.00

Total of Ratnanagar 8,894,150.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 7,894,150.00

XXV. Sunwal A Rectification and Mitigation Works A.1 Landslide mitigation measures LS 1,500,000 1,500,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 Sub total 1,500,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 A.2 Drilling and Installation of New Tube well 1 Tube well Drilling at new area 1 No 2,000,000 2,000,000.00 - - 2,000,000.00 2 30 to 35 HP S. Pumps supply and installation 1 No 275,000 275,000.00 - - 275,000.00 3 30 to 35 HP S. Pumps supply 1 No 250,000 250,000.00 - - 250,000.00 4 Other electrical arrangements incl. Rearrangements of Panel Board 1 LS 600,000 600,000.00 - - 600,000.00 Sub total 3,125,000.00 - - 3,125,000.00

A.3 Miscellaneous Work 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 6 Nos. 75,000 450,000.00 - - 450,000.00 2 Replacement of Non-working Water Meters 500 No. 1,400 700,000.00 - - 700,000.00 3 Repairing of WTP including replacement of filter media LS 1,000,000 1,000,000.00 - - 1,000,000.00 4 Replacement of butt joints to flanged Joints 20 Nos. 13,000 260,000.00 - - 260,000.00 5 Other minor civil work including boundary wall 1 LS 500,000 500,000.00 - - 500,000.00 6 Stand by pump supply 1 LS 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 7 Other minor fitting s and Appurtenances 1 LS 500,000 500,000.00 - - 500,000.00 Sub total 3,710,000.00 - - 3,710,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 21/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part B Extension Work 1 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 1,200 RM 230 276,000.00 - - 276,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 700 RM 440 308,000.00 - - 308,000.00 3 HDPE pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 400 RM 580 232,000.00 - - 232,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 110/6 kg/cm2 250 RM 800 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 152,400.00 - - 152,400.00 6 Earth works 1,377 Cum 500 688,500.00 - - 688,500.00 Sub total 1,856,900.00 - - 1,856,900.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 740,000.00 - - 740,000.00

Total of Sunwal 10,931,900.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 9,931,900.00

XXVI. Surunga A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Miscellaneous Work 1 Supply of stand by-pump (25 HP) 2 No 200,000 400,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 - 2 Replacement of Butterfly Valves of WTP 4 No. 60,000 240,000.00 120,000.00 120,000.00 - 3 Washout Valves and Chambers 10 Nos. 75,000 750,000.00 - - 750,000.00 Replacement of filter media in pressure filter and changing of packed material in 4 1 LS 500,000 500,000.00 - - 500,000.00 aeration tower Sub total 1,890,000.00 320,000.00 320,000.00 1,250,000.00

A.2 Ultra-Sonic Bulk Water Meters and other Appurtenances 1 Supply of Clamp on Ultrasonic meters 1Nos. 600,000 600,000.00 - 600,000.00 2 Increasing Capacity of Transformer (replacing of 50 Kva by 100 Kva) 1set 350,000 350,000.00 - 350,000.00 3 Other Appurtenances (Dosing Pumps, Compressor and Drilling Machine) 1Set 500,000 500,000.00 - 500,000.00 Sub total 1,450,000.00 - - 1,450,000.00

B Extension Works 1 HDPE pipes of 63/5 kg/cm2 3,000 RM 150 450,000.00 - - 450,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 63/6 kg/cm2 2,400 RM 230 552,000.00 - - 552,000.00 3 HDPE pipes of 75/6 kg/cm2 1,800 RM 440 792,000.00 - - 792,000.00 4 HDPE Pipes of 90/6 kg/cm2 1,200 RM 580 696,000.00 - - 696,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 15%of pipe cost 373,500.00 - - 373,500.00 6 Earth works 4,536 Cum 500 2,268,000.00 - - 2,268,000.00 Sub total 5,131,500.00 - - 5,131,500.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 990,000.00 180,000.00 180,000.00 630,000.00

Total of Surunga 9,461,500.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 8,461,500.00

Annex T-2 Page 22/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part XXVII. Triyuga A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Rehabilitation of New intake constructed during STWSSSP-1 1 Dismantling of old structure including dewatering 1 No 150,000 150,000.00 75,000.00 75,000.00 - 2 Construction new intake with individual radial pipes providing filter material and 1 LS 400,000 400,000.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 - 3 Construction of collection Chamber 1 LS 200,000 200,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 - Sub total 750,000.00 375,000.00 375,000.00 -

A.2 Construction of new Chambers in Transmission line 1 Washout Valves and Chambers 3 Nos. 92,300 276,900.00 125,000.00 125,000.00 26,900.00 2 Air Valves and Chambers 4 Nos. 67,600 270,400.00 135,000.00 135,000.00 400.00 Sub total 547,300.00 260,000.00 260,000.00 27,300.00

A.3 Restoration of TL in original state 1 Restoration of New TL with DI Pipe (250mm) 1,300 RM 6,500 8,450,000.00 - - 8,450,000.00 2 Earth works 468 Cum 500 234,000.00 - - 234,000.00 3 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 1,267,500.00 - - 1,267,500.00 4 Anchor Block for restoration of TL 20 No 8,000 160,000.00 - - 160,000.00 Sub total 10,111,500.00 - - 10,111,500.00

A.4 Additional pipes for Reticulation lines Distribution system 1 Reticulation line of (75 mm dia. of HDPE 6 kg pressure) 600 RM 440 264,000.00 80,000.00 80,000.00 104,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75mm @ 10kg series for reticulation 250 RM 660 165,000.00 55,000.00 55,000.00 55,000.00 3 Earth works 1,275 Cum 500 637,500.00 200,000.00 200,000.00 237,500.00 4 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 64,350.00 30,000.00 30,000.00 4,350.00 Sub total 1,130,850.00 365,000.00 365,000.00 400,850.00

A.5 Providing Disinfection Arrangement 1 Supply and installation of Dosing pumps with FRP tank 3 Set 70,000 210,000.00 - - 210,000.00 2 Housing Facilities of Dosing Unit 1 No 150,000 150,000.00 - - 150,000.00 Sub total 360,000.00 - - 360,000.00

A.6 Miscellaneous Work 1 V-notch arrangements in New TL & Chamber in old TL LS 75,000 75,000.00 - - 75,000.00 2 Supply and installation of identification plates for HHs of User 2,000 Nos. 30 60,000.00 - - 60,000.00 3 Other minor works LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 Sub total 335,000.00 - - 335,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 23/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part B Extension Works 1 HDPE pipes of 90mm @ 10kg series for new dist. 400 RM 870 348,000.00 - - 348,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75mm @ 10kg series for new dist. 600 RM 660 396,000.00 - - 396,000.00 3 HDPE pipes of 63mm @ 10kg series for new dist. 800 RM 350 280,000.00 - - 280,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 50mm @ 10kg series for new dist. 1,200 RM 220 264,000.00 - - 264,000.00 5 Earth works 1,620 Cum 500 810,000.00 - - 810,000.00 6 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 193,200.00 - - 193,200.00 Sub total 2,291,200.00 - - 2,291,200.00

C Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 720,000.00 - - 720,000.00

Total of Triyuga 16,245,850.00 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 14,245,850.00

XXVIII. Tulsipur A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Rehabilitation of intakes and TL 1 Rehabilitation of intakes 4No. 150,000 600,000.00 - - 600,000.00 2 Rehabilitation of Collection Chambers 4No. 75,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 3 Construction of New RCC CC 3No. 200,000 600,000.00 - - 600,000.00 Sub total 1,500,000.00 - - 1,500,000.00

A.2 Construction of New Sump-well (1.2 to 1.5 km U/S of old Sump-well) 1 Construction of Sump Well 1 Ls 2,000,000 2,000,000.00 - - 2,000,000.00 2 Pipe laying from new Sump-well to Old sump-well 1,500 m 580 870,000.00 - - 870,000.00 3 Earthwork 900 Cum 500 450,000.00 - - 450,000.00 4 Fittings material and installation 10%of Pipe cost 87,000.00 40,000.00 40,000.00 7,000.00 Sub total 3,407,000.00 40,000.00 40,000.00 3,327,000.00

A.3 Completion of Remaining works of TW and New WTP 1 Drilling of Tube well 1 On-going Activities of DWSSDO - - - 2 Installation of Electro-mechanical components for TW LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 3 Installation of pipes (100 mm GI) 1,500 m 1,785 2,677,500.00 - - 2,677,500.00 4 Earth works 810 Cum 500 405,000.00 - - 405,000.00 5 Fittings material and installation 20%of Pipe cost 656,500.00 - - 656,500.00 6 Construction of WTP in SS # 5 1 Under construction by DWSSDO - - - Sub total 3,939,000.00 - - 3,939,000.00

A.4 Replacement of old reservoirs by New reservoirs 1 Construction of 400 cum RVT at Rakchhachour 1nos. 6,371,000 6,371,000.00 - - 6,371,000.00 2 Construction of additional 50 Cum at SS#1 & SS #2 2nos. 1,212,000 2,424,000.00 - - 2,424,000.00 3 Fittings and pipes LS 300,000 300,000.00 - - 300,000.00 Sub total 9,095,000.00 - - 9,095,000.00

Annex T-2 Page 24/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part A.5 Remedial measures of Bottleneck of SS #5 (Tikapatru) 1 Laying of 300 mm Di pipe in initial stretches (SS #5) 250RM 8,300 2,075,000.00 760,000.00 760,000.00 555,000.00 2 Earth works 150 Cum 500 75,000.00 - - 75,000.00 3 Fittings material and installation 20%of Pipe cost 415,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 215,000.00 Sub total 2,565,000.00 860,000.00 860,000.00 845,000.00

A.6 Miscellaneous Work 1 Boundary Wall 90 m 6,000 540,000.00 - - 540,000.00 2 Replacement of sand media in SSF 1 Nos. 200,000 200,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 - 3 Washout Valves and Chambers 12 Nos. 92,300 1,107,600.00 - - 1,107,600.00 4 V-notch arrangements in new CC and old CC LS 100,000 100,000.00 - - 100,000.00 Sub total 1,947,600.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 1,747,600.00

A.7 Provision of Stand by Pumps for GW Sub-system 1 12.5 HP S. Pumps supply 1 No 150,000 150,000.00 - - 150,000.00 2 25 HP S. Pumps supply 1 No 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 Sub total 350,000.00 - - 350,000.00

A.8 Improvement of old distribution system 1 HDPE pipes of 90mm @ 6kg series for new dist. 500 RM 580 290,000.00 - - 290,000.00 2 HDPE pipes of 75mm @ 6kg series for new dist. 800 RM 440 352,000.00 - - 352,000.00 3 HDPE pipes of 63mm @ 6kg series for new dist. 1,000 RM 230 230,000.00 - - 230,000.00 4 HDPE pipes of 50mm @ 6kg series for new dist. 1,500 RM 150 225,000.00 - - 225,000.00 5 Earth works 2,052 Cum 500 1,026,000.00 - - 1,026,000.00 6 Fittings material and installation 15%of Pipe cost 164,550.00 - - 164,550.00 Sub total 2,287,550.00 - - 2,287,550.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 790,000.00 - - 790,000.00

Total of Tulsipur 25,881,150.00 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 23,881,150.00

XXIXI. Walling A Rectification and Remedial Works A.1 Complete of outstanding works 1 Stream Intake in Mirdi Khola with Gabion Protection 1 No 1,250,000 1,250,000.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 250,000.00 2 Spring Intake at Musuro Bari 1 No 275,000 275,000.00 - 275,000.00 3 Collection Chamber 1 No 150,000 150,000.00 - 150,000.00 4 Pipe lines 600 m 2,340 1,404,000.00 - 1,404,000.00 5 Earth works 324 Cum 500 162,000.00 - - 162,000.00 6 Fittings material and installation 20%of Pipe cost 280,800.00 - - 280,800.00 7 Other miscellaneous Small Construction/Repair Works incl. WTP LS 2,000,000 2,000,000.00 - - 2,000,000.00 Sub total 5,521,800.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 4,521,800.00

Annex T-2 Page 25/26 Annex T-2: Estimation of additional Investment Required

Additional Investment Under II Unit Rate Total Estimated Net Investment SN Details of work Quantity Unit package (NRs.) (NRs) Amount (NRs.) Required (NRs.) DWSS Part WUSC Part

A.2 Addition of New Source by pumping 1 Sump well 1 Set 3,000,000 3,000,000.00 - - 3,000,000.00 2 Supply and installation of Pumps (30 to 35 HP) 1 No 275,000 275,000.00 - - 275,000.00 3 Supply of Pumps (30 to 35 HP) 1 No 250,000 250,000.00 - - 250,000.00 4 Other electrical arrangements LS 200,000 200,000.00 - - 200,000.00 5 Supply and laying of GI Pipe 125 mm 2,000 m 2,340 4,680,000.00 - - 4,680,000.00 6 Pipe fittings 20%of pipe cost 936,000.00 - - 936,000.00 7 Earthwork in Pipe line 1,080 Cum 500 540,000.00 - - 540,000.00 Sub total 9,881,000.00 - - 9,881,000.00

B Capacity Building of WUSC (as per Annex G-5B) 590,000.00 - - 590,000.00

Total of Walling 15,992,800.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 14,992,800.00

Total Investment for of 29 Towns 483,333,744.00 24,100,000.00 24,100,000.00 435,133,744.00

Annex T-2 Page 26/26 ANNEX : S

SOCIAL

Annex S-1 : Population Coverage in the Service Areas

Total % of % of Planned Population Total Tap Industrial / Pvt. HH Community Institutional Served Benefitted Benefitted Benefitted S.N. Name of Town Population (including Connection commercial Connection Connection Connection HHs Population Planned Total (2011) squatter s (2011) connection Population Population settlement) 1Attariya 8319 11850 1347 1321 26 1321 6262 75.27 52.84 2Bandipur 3863 3863 615 592 23 592 3676 95.16 95.16 3Bardghat 10015 12550 1603 1567 4 6 26 1587 7967 79.55 63.48 4Bardibas 12937 14841 2267 2257 4 6 2277 12068 93.28 81.32 5Belbari 12194 17856 360 353 7 353 1892 15.52 10.60 6Beni 4310 4599 776 717 59 717 3764 87.33 81.84 7Bijuwar 10835 16080 675 667 8 667 3975 36.69 24.72 8 Birendranagar 54081 84300 10655 9879 535 241 12554 70553 130.46 83.69 9 Birtamod 35816 68027 3555 3555 3555 26485 73.95 38.93 10Budhabare 17468 22500 1880 1860 20 1860 10230 58.56 45.47 11Fikkal 5508 7407 705 671 22 12 781 4467 81.10 60.31 12Gorahi 36743 45120 4084 4065 19 4290 32261 87.80 71.50 13Itahari 41168 68580 5429 5388 41 5388 27371 66.49 39.91 14Kamalamai 11467 14150 1722 1678 44 1678 9497 82.82 67.12 15Kawaswoti 21186 28089 3512 3396 105 11 3921 21213 100.13 75.52 16Khairenitar 4106 6004 1123 1121 2 1131 5915 144.06 98.52 17 Kohalpur 18743 22480 1352 1352 1352 7598 40.54 33.80 18Kusma 8003 12100 1538 1444 6 88 1474 8107 101.30 67.00 19Lamki 12392 20431 2007 1979 9 19 2024 13743 110.90 67.27 20Lekhnath 39556 55400 5289 5221 68 5561 30307 76.62 54.71 21Mahendranagar 15317 16150 1785 1772 13 1772 11447 74.73 70.88 22Parsa 13640 20765 2026 2018 2 8 2026 14000 102.64 67.42 23Prithivinarayan 4877 5970 668 642 1 25 647 3863 79.21 64.71 24Ratnanagar 30048 43200 3220 3159 3 37 21 3174 19044 63.38 44.08 25Sunwal 26839 30680 975 945 30 945 5576 20.78 18.17 26Surunga 10255 9972 1489 1464 25 1464 8111 79.09 81.34 27Triyuga 24984 21532 1065 1041 24 1041 6361 25.46 29.54 28Tulsipur 41513 48913 4109 3872 119 81 37 4467 27919 67.25 57.08 29 Waling Total/Average 536183 733409 65831 63996 899 824 114 68619 403672 75.29 55.04 Annex S-2 : Household Coverage by Economic Status in the Service Areas

Total No. of Low Income HH Average Income HH HHs Total HH with % of % of S.N. Name of Town (including Benefitted HH with No. Connectio Benefitted No. Benefited squatter HH Connection n HH HH settlement) 1 Attariya 2500 1321 1000 52 5.20 1500 1269 84.60 2 Bandipur 622 592 72 63 87.50 550 529 96.18 3 Bardghat 2500 1587 512 22 4.30 1988 1565 78.72 4 Bardibas 2800 2277 501 250 49.90 2299 2027 88.17 5 Belbari 3633 353 908 0 0.00 2725 353 12.95 6 Beni 876 717 19 5 26.32 857 712 83.08 7 Bijuwar 2698 667 100 0 0.00 2598 667 25.67 8 Birendranagar 15000 12554 3600 2000 55.56 11400 10554 92.58 9 Birtamod 9168 3555 1431 31 31.00 7737 3524 45.55 10 Budhabare 4017 1860 360 78 21.67 3657 1782 48.73 11 Fikkal 1295 781 210 56 26.67 1085 725 66.82 12 Gorahi 6000 4290 500 225 45.00 5500 4065 73.91 13 Itahari 13500 5388 2000 153 7.65 11500 5235 45.52 14 Kamalamai 2500 1678 648 0 0.00 1852 1678 90.60 15 Kawaswoti 5192 3921 750 525 70.00 4442 3396 76.45 16 Khairenitar 1148 1131 24 15 62.50 1124 1116 99.29 17 Kohalpur 4000 1352 1125 125 11.11 2875 1227 42.68 18 Kusma 2200 1474 200 150 75.00 2000 1324 66.20 19 Lamki 3009 2024 900 365 40.56 2109 1659 78.66 20 Lekhnath 10000 5561 2000 1000 50.00 8000 4561 57.01 21 Mahendranagar 2500 1772 485 422 87.01 2015 1350 67.00 22 Parsa 3005 2026 511 461 90.22 2494 1565 62.75 23 Prithivinarayan 1000 647 45 20 44.44 955 627 65.65 24 Ratnanagar 7200 3174 2000 7 0.35 5200 3167 60.90 25 Sunwal 5200 945 500 1 0.20 4700 944 20.09 26 Surunga 1800 1464 400 15 3.75 1400 1449 103.50 27 Triyuga 3524 1041 1500 278 18.53 2024 763 37.70 28 Tulsipur 7826 4467 300 100 33.33 7526 4367 58.03 29 Waling 2500 766 450 7 1.56 2050 759 37.02 Total/Average 127213 69385 23051 6426 27.88 104162 62959 60.44

Source: WUSC/VDC/Municipality Survey Reports Annex S-3 : Summary of Institutional Aspects of 29 Towns

Existence & General Decision Making Ownership & Status of billing Social & Regularity of Sub-committee and Copping S.N. Town Activeness of Assembly of Mechanism & Coordination Dispute Perception software & Political WUSC Meeting Division of Work method WUSC WUA Transparency towards loan database Environment

2 sub-committees. No Weak relation Regular/every Regular & Participatory & Satisfactory & Private tube Not fully 1 Attariya Exists & active intensive division of with LB & No Yes year scheduled transparent positive wells supportive work in WUSC WSSDO Traditional 4 sub-committees. Satisfactory Regular/every Regular & Participatory & Minor disputes High ownership wells & 2 Bandipur Exists & active Division of work in relation with LB & No Supportive year scheduled transparent in the source & positive spring/water WUSC WSSDO buying Satisfactory/mod 1 sub-committee. No Regular/every Regular & Participatory & erate level of High ownership Private tube 3 Bardghat Exists & active intensive division of No No Supportive year scheduled transparent coordination with & positive wells work in WUSC LBs Traditional 1 sub-committee. No Good relation Moderate Regular but not Participatory but not Yes but database wells & 4 Bardibas Exists & active Not regular intensive division of with LB & No ownership & Supportive scheduled transparent not updated river/water work in WUSC WSSDO positive buying 1 sub-committee. Ward Moderate & Tole sub-committees Weak relation No but ownership in Exists but not Less participatory and No. Poor Private tube Not fully 5 Belbari Not regular Not regular are not active No with LB & dissatisfaction WUSC but low in active not transparent database wells supportive intensive division of WSSDO of users users. Less work in WUSC aware on loan

Minor disputes 2 sub-committees. No Good relation Regular/every Regular but not Participatory and in the source High ownership Yes. Database Other small 6 Beni Exists & active intensive division of with LB & Supportive year scheduled transparent initially but not & positive satisfactory schemes work in WUSC WSSDO now Weak relation Sub-scheme committees Other existing Exists, active but Regular/every Participatory and with LB but Minor dispute Not fully 7 Bijuwar Not regular exist. No division of Moderate No small less efficient year transparent satisfactory with in the source supportive Work schemes WSSDO No but Sub-scheme committees Weak relation Regular/every Regular but not Participatory but less possibility in Moderate & No. But database Piped water, Not fully 8 Birendranagar Exists & active exist. No division of work with LB & year scheduled transparent future in positive satisfactory well & stream supportive in EC WSSDO source 1 sub committee. No Regular/every Regular & Participatory and Weak relation High ownership Private tube 9 Birtamod Exists & active intensive division of No No Supportive year scheduled transparent with LB. & positive wells work in WUSC Satisfactory/mod 1 sub committee. No Regular/every Regular & Participatory and erate level of Minor dispute Yes. Database 10 Budhabare Exists & active intensive division of Moderate Dug well Supportive year scheduled transparent coordination with in the source satisfactory work in WUSC LBs & WSSDO 4 sub-committees. Good relation Regular/every Regular & Participatory and Dug well & 11 Fikkal Exists & active Division of work in with LB & No Moderate No Supportive year scheduled transparent water buying WUSC WSSDO

ANNEX S-3 1/3 Annex S-3 : Summary of Institutional Aspects of 29 Towns

Existence & General Decision Making Ownership & Status of billing Social & Regularity of Sub-committee and Copping S.N. Town Activeness of Assembly of Mechanism & Coordination Dispute Perception software & Political WUSC Meeting Division of Work method WUSC WUA Transparency towards loan database Environment

6 sub-committees. Regular/every Regular & Participatory and Weak relation Tube well & 12 Gorahi Exists & active Intensive division of No Moderate No Supportive year scheduled transparent with LBs dug well work in WUSC No sub-committee. Good relation Regular but not Regular but not Participatory and Formed when need. No High ownership Yes. Database Not fully 13 Itahari Exists & active with LB but weak No Tube well every year scheduled transparent division of work in & positive satisfactory supportive with WSSDO WUSC weak relation Exists but not Less frequent and Less participatory and Tole sub-committees Moderate & less Yes. But not Dug well & Not fully 14 Kamalamai Not at all with LBs & No efficient not scheduled less transparent exist aware updated tube well supportive WSSDO Minor dispute 2 sub-committees. No weak relation Regular and Participatory and in High ownership Yes. Database 15 Kawaswoti Exists and active Regular intensive division of with LBs & Dug well Supportive scheduled transparent transmission & positive satisfactory work in WUSC WSSDO line Satisfactory/mod Regular & 3 sub-committees. Participatory and erate level of High ownership Yes. Database Dug well, 16 Khairenitar Exists & active Regular frequent but not Division of work in No Supportive transparent coordination with & positive satisfactory spring & river schedule WUSC LBs & WSSDO Regular & 1 sub-committee. No weak relation Moderate Participatory and No. But database 17 Kohalpur Exists & active Regular frequent but not intensive division of with LBs & No ownership & Tube well Supportive transparent satisfactory schedule work in WUSC WSSDO positive 2-sub committees. weak relation Not fully Regular & Participatory and High ownership 18 Kusma Exists & active Regular Others formed as per with LBs & No No. River supportive due scheduled transparent & positive need. WSSDO to personal ego

Not fully Weak relation Moderate Regular & Participatory and 1-sub committees. 18 No. Database supportive due 19 Lamki Exists & active Regular with LBs & No ownership & less Tube well scheduled transparent Tole committees need update to political WSSDO aware &personal ego

Many sub-committees. Dispute in Piped water, Exists, active & Regular, frequent Participatory and Perfect & intensive Good relation High ownership Yes. Database 20 Lekhnath Regular source but not well & buying Supportive efficient but not scheduled transparent division of work in with LBs & others & positive satisfactory significant now water WUSC

Not supportive. No dispute in Ego problem. Exists but not 4 Ward committees. No weak relation source but visible active due to Regular and Participatory but less Moderate & less Yes. Database River & piped 21 Mahendranagar Not at all division of work in with LBs & notable dishonesty and internal conflict & scheduled transparent aware need update water WUSC WSSDO conflict among mistrust among less efficient members members &users

ANNEX S-3 2/3 Annex S-3 : Summary of Institutional Aspects of 29 Towns

Existence & General Decision Making Ownership & Status of billing Social & Regularity of Sub-committee and Copping S.N. Town Activeness of Assembly of Mechanism & Coordination Dispute Perception software & Political WUSC Meeting Division of Work method WUSC WUA Transparency towards loan database Environment

Good relation Exists, active & Regular and Participatory & 1 sub committee & Ward High ownership Yes. Reliable & 22 Parsa Regular with LBS & No Tube wells Supportive efficient scheduled transparent committees. & positive update database others No sub-committee weak relation Regular but not Participatory but less except Tole committees. with LBs but Moderate & DDC funded 23 Prithivinarayan Exists & active Not regular No No. Supportive scheduled transparent No division of work in satisfactory with positive piped water WUSC WSSDO

1 sub-committee & Ward Good relation Regular but not Participatory but less High ownership No. Database not 24 Ratnanagar Exists & active Not at all committees but not with LB but weak No Tube well Supportive scheduled transparent & positive updated active with WSSDO

Exists but less No sub-committee active due to Less frequent & Participatory but less except Tole committees. Satisfactory Moderate & No. Database not 25 Sunwal Not regular No Tube well Supportive system's not scheduled transparent No division of work in relation with LB positive updated inefficiency WUSC Satisfactory No sub-committee . No Less frequent & Participatory but less relation with LBs moderate & Yes. Database 26 Surunga Exists & active Not regular division of work in No Tube well Supportive not scheduled transparent but weak with positive satisfactory WUSC WSSDO No dispute in Not fully source but 1 sub-committee but not Weak relation Low ownership & supportive due Exists but not Less participatory and lack of No. Database not 27 Triyuga Not regular Not regular active. No division of with LBs and less aware on Tube well to weak active & efficient less transparent cohesion updated work in WUSC WSSDO loan performance of among WUSC members Satisfactory possibility of No sub-committee. No relation with DDC conflict due to Regular & Participatory but less High ownership No. Database 28 Tulsipur Exists & active Not regular division of work in & WSSDO but new Tube well Supportive scheduled transparent & positive satisfactory WUSC weak with settlement in municipality the source

Not supportive. No sub-committee. No Weak relation Low ownership & Exists but not Less participatory and Conflict in No. Poor Political & 29 Waling Not at all Not regular division of work in with LBs & less aware on Burrowing active less transparent source database personal ego WUSC WSSDO loan problem.

ANNEX S-3 3/3 Annex S-4 : Ability to Pay in Average and Low Income Groups Actual Tarrif of 2011 (NRs. Survey Year Current Year Cum/month) Average HH (2011) Average % of HH S.N. Towns Category/Group Minimum Unit Average Income HH Income Income Tariff (CuM) Tariff (NRs) (NRs) Average Income 131 3671 6291 2.08 1 Attariya Low Income 60 5 3000 5141 1.17 Average Income 176 6600 11311 1.56 2 Bandipur Low Income 120 10 3000 5141 2.33 Average Income 128 8750 14996 0.85 3 Bardghat Low Income 80 8 3000 5141 1.56 Average Income 89 6800 11654 0.76 4 Bardibas Low Income 80 10 3000 5141 1.56 Average Income NA 6372 10920 NA 5 Belbari Low Income 100 8 3000 5141 1.95 Average Income 340 7522 12891 2.64 6 Beni Low Income 200 15 3000 5141 3.89 Average Income 158 6135 10514 1.5 7 Bijuwar Low Income 150 10 3000 5141 2.92 Average Income 90 7222 12377 0.73 8 Birendranagar Low Income 30 8 3000 5141 0.58 Average Income 197 10000 17138 1.15 9 Birtamod Low Income 100 10 3000 5141 1.95 Average Income 136 12750 21851 0.62 10 Budhabare Low Income 100 8 3000 5141 1.95 Average Income 169 6950 11911 1.42 11 Fikkal Low Income 120 10 3000 5141 2.33 Average Income 211 4962 8504 2.48 12 Gorahi Low Income 100 10 3000 5141 1.95 Average Income 125 6181 10593 1.18 13 Itahari Low Income 75 10 3000 5141 1.46 Average Income NA 7800 13368 NA 14 Kamalamai Low Income 70 10 3000 5141 1.36 Average Income 158 6000 10283 1.54 15 Kawaswoti Low Income 60 10 3000 5141 1.17 Average Income 245 6000 10283 2.38 16 Khairenitar Low Income 120 10 3000 5141 2.33 Average Income 162 8410 14413 1.12 17 Kohalpur Low Income 120 10 3000 5141 2.33 Average Income 280 NA NA NA 18 Kusma Low Income 80 10 3000 5141 1.56 Average Income 121 6665 11423 1.06 19 Lamki Low Income 75 12 3000 5141 1.46 Average Income 156 6000 10283 1.52 20 Lekhnath Low Income 100 10 3000 5141 1.95 Average Income 87 9391 16095 0.54 21 Mahendranagar Low Income 60 7 3000 5141 1.17 Average Income 220 5250 8998 2.44 22 Parsa Low Income 100 8 3000 5141 1.95 Average Income 400 8500 14568 2.75 23 Prithivinarayan Low Income 300 10 3000 5141 5.85 Average Income 142 5500 9426 1.51 24 Ratnanagar Low Income 100 10 3000 5141 1.95 Average Income 111 NA NA NA 25 Sunwal Low Income 100 10 3000 5141 1.95 Average Income 161 5500 9426 1,71 26 Surunga Low Income 72 6 3000 5141 1.4 Average Income 158 6000 10283 1.54 27 Triyuga Low Income 150 15 3000 5141 1.95 Average Income 157 8370 14345 1.09 28 Tulsipur Low Income 100 10 3000 5141 1.95 Average Income NA NA NA 29 Waling Low Income NA NA 3000 5141 Annex S-5 : Affordability and Financing Gap

Average HH Actual Minimum Actual Affordable Tariff Financing S.N. Towns Category/Group Income Tariff for 10 units Average Tariff (NRs/HH/month) Gap (NRs) (2011) (2011) (2011) Average Income 6291 315 131 184 1 Attariya Low Income 5141 257 120 137 Average Income 11311 566 176 390 2 Bandipur Low Income 5141 257 120 137 Average Income 14996 750 128 622 3 Bardghat Low Income 5141 257 100 157 Average Income 11654 583 89 494 4 Bardibas Low Income 5141 257 80 177 Average Income 10920 546 NA NA 5 Belbari Low Income 5141 257 125 132 Average Income 12891 645 340 305 6 Beni Low Income 5141 257 133 124 Average Income 10514 526 158 368 7 Bijuwar Low Income 5141 257 150 107 Average Income 12377 619 90 529 8 Birendranagar Low Income 5141 257 38 219 Average Income 17138 857 197 660 9 Birtamod Low Income 5141 257 100 157 Average Income 21851 1093 136 957 10 Budhabare Low Income 5141 257 125 132 Average Income 11911 596 169 427 11 Fikkal Low Income 5141 257 120 137 Average Income 8504 425 211 214 12 Gorahi Low Income 5141 257 100 157 Average Income 10593 530 125 405 13 Itahari Low Income 5141 257 75 182 Average Income 13368 668 NA NA 14 Kamalamai Low Income 5141 257 70 187 Average Income 10283 514 158 356 15 Kawaswoti Low Income 5141 257 60 197 Average Income 10283 514 245 269 16 Khairenitar Low Income 5141 257 120 137 Average Income 14413 721 162 559 17 Kohalpur Low Income 5141 257 120 137 Average Income NA NA 280 NA 18 Kusma Low Income 5141 257 80 177 Average Income 11423 571 121 450 19 Lamki Low Income 5141 257 63 194 Average Income 10283 514 156 358 20 Lekhnath Low Income 5141 257 100 157 Average Income 16095 805 87 718 21 Mahendranagar Low Income 5141 257 86 171 Average Income 8998 450 220 230 22 Parsa Low Income 5141 257 125 132 Average Income 14568 728 400 328 23 Prithivinarayan Low Income 5141 257 300 -43 Average Income 9426 471 142 329 24 Ratnanagar Low Income 5141 257 100 157 Average Income NA NA 111 NA 25 Sunwal Low Income 5141 257 100 157 Average Income 9426 471 161 310 26 Surunga Low Income 5141 257 120 137 Average Income 10283 514 158 356 27 Triyuga Low Income 5141 257 100 157 Average Income 14345 717 157 560 28 Tulsipur Low Income 5141 257 100 157 Average Income NA NA NA NA 29 Waling Low Income NA NA NA NA NA Annex S-6 : Institutional Capacity

Technical Staff Admin Staff Av. Meter Meter Watchman No. of SN Towns Planned / Actual in Engineer/ Pump Plumber/ Accounta Helpers/ Total Reading Reader Manager Admin /Guard Connection Current Year Overseer Operator Technician nt Others /day /staff /Billing /Messenger Planned 2 2 2 1 1 2 10 1 Attariya Actual 1 2 1 1 2 3 10 1347 45 Planned 2 1 1 4 2 Bandipur Actual 1 1 1 2 5 615 41 Planned 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 11 3 Bardghat Actual 1 3 2 2 1 1 10 1603 53 Planned 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 Bardibas Actual 1 6 2 1 1 3 1 15 2267 76 Planned 2 3 223 12 5 Belbari Actual 1 2 1 1 5 360 24 Planned 1 2 2 3 8 6 Beni Actual 2 1 1 3 1 8 776 52 Planned 2 2 3 1 1 3 12 7 Bijuwar Actual 2 3 2 1 8 16 675 23 Planned 2 6 1 3 16 5 33 8 Birendranagar Actual 13 6 1 4 15 39 10532 117 Planned 3 5 4 2 2 4 20 9 Birtamod Actual 3 3 3 1 2 3 4 4 23 3555 79 Planned 3 3 3 1 1 3 14 10 Budhabare Actual 1 3 2 1 2 9 1880 63 Planned 1 2 2 1 2 8 11 Fikkal Actual 3 1 2 2 1 1 10 705 47 Planned 2 8 4 1 3 1 2 1 22 12 Ghorahi Actual 4 9 7 1 1 5 27 4084 39 Planned 2 4 6 7 1 1 3 1 25 13 Itahari Actual 2 4 3 5 1 1 6 3 5 30 5429 72 Planned 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 13 14 Kamalamai Actual 7 2 1 2 2 14 1722 57 Planned 2 4 4 1 1 1 3 8 24 15 Kawaswoti Actual 1 5 2 1 1 1 5 2 18 3512 117 Planned 2 2 1 2 7 16 Khairenitar Actual 3 2 1 1 4 11 1123 37 Planned 1 1 2 1 3 8 17 Kohalpur Actual 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 12 1352 45 Planned NA 18 Kusma Actual 5 3 1 1 1 3 2 16 1538 34 Planned 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 11 19 Lamki Actual 2 3 3 1 3 12 2007 45

ANNEX S6 -1/2 Annex S-6 : Institutional Capacity

Technical Staff Admin Staff Av. Meter Meter Watchman No. of SN Towns Planned / Actual in Engineer/ Pump Plumber/ Accounta Helpers/ Total Reading Reader Manager Admin /Guard Connection Current Year Overseer Operator Technician nt Others /day /staff /Billing /Messenger Planned 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 15 20 Lekhnath Actual 1 7 7 2 1 5 2 26 5287 50 Planned 2 2 1 3 8 21 Mahendranagar Actual 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 11 1785 60 Planned 1 2 2 1 2 8 22 Parsa Actual 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 12 2026 68 Planned 3 4 2 1 5 15 23 Prithivinarayan Actual 2 2 1 1 1 2 9 668 45 Planned 3 4 4 1 4 1 17 24 Ratnanagar Actual 1 2 2 1 1 2 9 3220 107 Planned 2 2 1 2 1 8 25 Sunwal Actual 2 1 1 2 1 8 975 65 Planned 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 13 26 Surunga Actual 1 2 2 2 1 8 1489 50 Planned 1 4 4 1 4 1 15 27 Triyuga Actual 2 3 1 6 5 17 1065 24 Planned 2 1 12 9 7 6 37 28 Tulsipur Actual 2 6 3 1 1 5 4 22 4109 91 Planned 0 29 Waling Actual 8 3 11 792 18

Note: Meter reading ranges from 10 to 20 days depending upon the size of the project, no. of staff and settlement patterns. Hence, 15 days/month is taken as average meter reading days.

ANNEX S6 -2/2 Annex S-7 : Available Sources of Water Before the Project

Source of water (% of Users before the project) S.N. Town Well/ Hand Community/ River /stream/ Others (water Pvt. tap Total pump public tap spring tank) 1 Attariya 100 0 100 2 Bandipur 17 3 75 5 100 3 Bardghat 21 43 36 100 4 Bardibas 85 2 12 1 100 5 Belbari NA 6 Beni 56 0 27 13 4 100 7 Bijuwar 6 64 27 3 100 8 Birendranagar 45 26 25 2 2 100 9 Birtamod 25 74 1 100 10 Budhabare 32 41 23 0 4 100 11 Fikkal 19 29 16 29 7 100 12 Gorahi 51 35 5 9 100 13 Itahari 60 8 32 100 14 Kamalamai 100 100 15 Kawaswoti 28 64 8 100 16 Khairenitar 11 4 85 100 17 Kohalpur 89 11 100 18 Kusma 52 47 1 100 19 Lamki 13 76 5 6 100 20 Lekhnath 3 11 83 1 2 100 21 Mahendranagar 87 5 3 5 100 22 Parsa 0 82 18 0 0 100 23 Prithivinarayan 100 100 24 Ratnanagar 5 82 3 6 4 100 25 Sunwal 100 100 26 Surunga 93 7 100 27 Triyuga 33 58 9 100 28 Tulsipur 74 20 5 1 100 29 Waling 60 8 29 3 100 NA- Not Available Annex S-8 : Copping Methods and Economic Costs for Getting Water

Average Water Average Total time taken for Minimum wages Avg. Monthly S.N. Town Fetching Time /trip trips/day fetching water /day /day (8Hours) Cost (Minute) (No.) (Hour) 1 Attariya 8 7 1.00 200 750 2 Bandipur 41 5 3.42 200 2563 3 Bardghat 15 6 1.50 250 1406 4 Bardibas 20 7 2.33 300 2625 5 Belbari 10 8 1.37 280 1442 6 Beni 15 3 0.73 250 680 7 Bijuwar 30 6 3.00 250 2813 8 Birendranagar 35 6 3.50 200 2625 9 Birtamod 0.00 300 0 10 Budhabare 12 6 1.19 300 1340 11 Fikkal 34 5 2.83 360 3825 12 Gorahi 8 5 0.63 250 586 13 Itahari 10 8 1.33 300 1500 14 Kamalamai 43 5 3.58 250 3359 15 Kawaswoti 22 7 2.57 250 2406 16 Khairenitar 37 5 3.08 300 3469 17 Kohalpur 12 8 1.60 200 1200 18 Kusma 14 3 0.70 250 656 19 Lamki 21 6 2.05 200 1538 20 Lekhnath 35 5 2.92 300 3281 21 Mahendranagar 14 7 1.58 250 1477 22 Parsa 0.00 250 0 23 Prithivinarayan 34 4 2.23 250 2094 24 Ratnanagar 15 6 1.50 250 1406 25 Sunwal 9 7 0.99 300 1116 26 Surunga 18 8 2.40 300 2700 27 Triyuga 30 0.00 350 0 28 Tulsipur 8 5 0.63 300 703 29 Waling 36 5 3.00 250 2813 Annex S-9 : Institutional Capacity of Host VDCs

S.N. Town VDC Total No. of Staff Technical Administrative staff Staff Geta VDC 3 1 2 1 Attariya Malakheti VDC 3 3 2 Bandipur Bandipur VDC 5 5 3 Bardghat Makar VDC 4 4 Bardibas VDC 3 3 4 Bardibas Gauribas VDC 3 3 5 Belbari Belbari VDC 5 1 4 6 Beni Arthunge VDC 10 1 9 Dharmawoti VDC 5 1 4 7 Bijuwar Bijayanagar VDC 3 1 2 Bijuwar VDC 3 3 8 Birtamod Anarmani VDC 14 2 12 9 Budhabare Budhabare VDC 7 1 6 10 Fikkal Fikkal VDC 5 1 4 Shiv Mandir VDC NA 2 11 Kawaswoti Kawaswoti VDC NA 12 Khairenitar Khairenitar 5 1 4 13 Kohalpur Kohalpur VDC 8 1 7 14 Kusma Shivalaya VDC 4 1 3 15 Lamki Baliya VDC 4 4 16 Parsa VDC 4 1 3 17 Sunwal Sunwal Adarsa VDC NA 2 18 Surunga Surunga VDC 6 1 5 Total/Average 5 1 4 Annex S-10 : Internal Revenue of Host VDCs

Approximate Internal S.N. Town VDC Revenue of 2010 (NRs.) Geta VDC 700,000.00 1 Attariya Malakheti VDC 800,000.00 2 Bandipur Bandipur VDC 300,000.00 3 Bardghat Makar VDC 1,100,000.00 Bardibas VDC 100,000.00 4 Bardibas Gauribas VDC NA 5 Belbari Belbari VDC 2,900,000.00 6 Beni Arthunge VDC 2,200,000.00 Dharmawoti VDC 40,000.00 7 Bijuwar Bijayanagar VDC 35,000.00 Bijuwar VDC 58,000.00 8 Birtamod Anarmani VDC 7,000,000.00 9 Budhabare Budhabare VDC 1,583,000.00 10 Fikkal Fikkal VDC 300,000.00 Shiv Mandir VDC NA 11 Kawaswoti Kawaswoti VDC NA 12 Khairenitar Khairenitar VDC 1,700,000.00 13 Kohalpur Kohalpur VDC NA 14 Kusma Shivalaya 257,000.00 15 Lamki Baliya VDC 500,000.00 16 Parsa Parsa VDC 900,000.00 17 Sunwal Sunwal Adarsa VDC 10,700,000.00 18 Surunga Surunga VDC 590,000.00 Average 1,671,737.00 Annex S-11 : Institutional Capacity of Host Municipality

Total No. of Technical Administrative S.N. Town Municipality Staff Staff Staff 1 Gorahi Ghorahi Municipality 81 5 76 2 Itahari Itahari Municipality 68 5 63 3 Birendranagar Birendranagar Municipality 60 4 Kamalamai Kamalamai Municipality 32 4 28 5 Lekhnath Lekhnath Municipality 44 3 41 6 Mahendranagar Mahendranagar Municipality NA 7 Prithivinarayan Prithivinarayan Municipality 39 8 Ratnanagar Ratnanagar Municipality 9 Triyuga Triyuga Municipality 55 4 51 10 Tulsipur Tulsipur Municipality 65 8 57 11 Waling Waling Municipality 26 2 24 Total/Average 52 4 38 Annex S-12 : Internal Revenue of the Host Municipalities

Internal Revenue in NRs.000 (FY2064/65) S.N. Municipality Local Tax Fee & penalty Rent Other Total 1 Ghorahi (Tribhuwannagar) 6440 3948 476 1656 12520 2 Tulsipur 4847 2187 294 337 7665 3 Birendranagar 6165 1492 773 58 8488 4 Ratnanagar 6675 2066 367 155 9263 5Waling 2740 912 13 73 3738 6 Triyuga 4013 1442 273 112 5840 7 Itahari 14365 5906 981 875 22127 8 Lekhnath 4795 2615 413 844 8667 9 Prithivinarayan 2930 1105 426 1334 5795 10 Kamalamai 3417 580 370 1606 5973 11 Mahendranagar(Bhimdatta) 4024 341 1591 21 5977 Average 8732 Source : MLD,2010 Annex S-13 : Connection Charges and Cost for Poor HH Connections

Low Income HH Total HH Amount Amount required (incl. HH Community required for S.N. Towns HH with HH without for HH squatter No. connection connection community connection connection connection for settlements) charge charge connection for remaining HHs remaining HHs 1 Attariya 2500 1000 52 948 5000 5000 4740000 948000 2 Bandipur 622 72 63 9 16111 16111 144999 29000 3 Bardghat 2500 512 22 490 9305 9305 4559450 911890 4 Bardibas 2800 501 250 251 6000 6000 1506000 301200 5 Belbari 3633 908 0 908 500 500 454000 90800 6 Beni 876 19 5 14 15000 15000 210000 42000 7 Bijuwar 2698 100 0 100 15100 15100 1510000 302000 8 Birendranagar 15000 3600 2000 1600 12400 12400 19840000 3968000 9 Birtamod 9168 1431 31 1400 6000 6000 8400000 1680000 10 Budhabare 4017 360 78 282 7200 7200 2030400 406080 11 Fikkal 1295 210 56 154 10000 10000 1540000 308000 12 Gorahi 6000 500 225 275 9548 9548 2625700 525140 13 Itahari 13500 2000 153 1847 8525 8525 15745675 3149135 14 Kamalamai 2500 648 0 648 5520 5520 3576960 715392 15 Kawaswoti 5192 750 525 225 16100 6000 3622500 270000 16 Khairenitar 1148 24 15 9 15000 15000 135000 27000 17 Kohalpur 4000 1125 125 1000 4910 4910 4910000 982000 18 Kusma 2200 200 150 50 16000 6000 800000 60000 19 Lamki 3009 900 365 535 6825 6825 3651375 730275 20 Lekhnath 10000 2000 1000 1000 17000 11900 17000000 2380000 21 Mahendranagar 2500 485 422 63 3960 3960 249480 49896 22 Parsa 3005 513 463 50 7500 7500 375000 75000 23 Prithivinarayan 1000 45 20 25 27400 13700 685000 68500 24 Ratnanagar 7200 2000 7 1993 5500 2750 10961500 1096150 25 Sunwal 5200 500 1 499 7310 7310 3647690 729538 26 Surunga 1800 400 15 385 5700 5700 2194500 438900 27 Triyuga 3524 1500 278 1222 8455 8455 10332010 2066402 28 Tulsipur 7826 300 100 200 11500 11500 2300000 460000 29 Waling 2500 450 7 443 NA NA Total 127213 23053 16625 127747239 22810298

ANNEX : F

FINANCIAL

Annex - F 1: Planned vs Actual Data on Taps & Tariff

Planned Current Year -2011TDF Actual Current Year - 2011 (FY 2067/68) Min Recommended Min Avg SN Town No. of Tariff/10 Avg Tariff Minimum Tariff No. of Min Tariff Unit in Tariff/10 Tariff in Taps CuM in in NRS per 10 CuM in Taps in NRS CuM CuM in NRS NRS NRS NRS 1 Attariya 1755 140 241 140 1347 60 5 120 131 2 Bandipur 622 120 315 120 615 120 10 120 176 3 Bardghat 1995 120 240 120 1603 80 8 100 128 4 Bardibas 2441 120 179 120 2267 80 10 80 89 5 Belbari 2275 113 195 113 360 100 8 125 * NA 6 Beni 821 165 613 165 776 200 15 133 340 7 Bijuwar 1818 166 296 160 675 150 10 150 158 8 Birendranagar 9623 120 160 120 10655 30 8 38 90 9 Birtamod 4827 160 222 160 3555 100 10 100 197 10 Budhabare 3176 130 243 130 1880 100 8 125 136 11 Fikkal 963 120 289 120 705 120 10 120 169 12 Gorahi 4886 80 238 100 4084 100 10 100 211 13 Itahari 8104 100 179 100 5429 75 10 75 125 14 Kamalamai 2026 128 286 128 1722 70 10 70 * NA 15 Kawaswoti 3916 120 189 120 3512 60 10 60 158 16 Khairenitar 785 120 203 120 1123 120 10 120 236 17 Kohalpur 3335 120 206 120 1352 120 10 120 162 18 Kusma 1455 200 458 200 1538 80 10 80 280 19 Lamki 1825 130 306 130 2007 75 12 63 121 20 Lekhnath 7258 120 164 120 5289 100 10 100 156 21 Mahendranagar 2371 120 256 150 1785 60 7 86 87 22 Parsa 1974 112 126 100 2026 100 8 125 213 23 Prithivinarayan 817 300 468 300 668 300 10 300 380 24 Ratnanagar 5008 110 176 110 3220 100 10 100 174 25 Sunwal 4549 120 192 120 975 100 10 100 104 26 Surunga 1851 120 240 120 1489 72 6 120 161 27 Triyuga 4089 128 184 150 1065 150 15 100 158 28 Tulsipur 6642 120 198 120 4109 100 10 100 157 Annex - F 2: Planned vs Actual Data on Connection Fees & Water Consumption

Planned Current Year - 2011 Actual Current Year - 2011 (FY 2067/68) SN Town Connection Annual Connection Annual No. of Taps Fees/Tap in Consumption No. of Taps Fees/Tap in Consumption NRS (CuM) NRS (CuM) 1 Attariya 1755 5899 357577 1347 5000 108105

2 Bandipur 622 7484 143247 615 16111 65857

3 Bardghat 1995 5213 429737 1603 9305 263555

4 Bardibas* 2441 4451 441892 2267 6000 214769

5 Belbari 2275 4812 544200 360 500 32076

6 Beni 821 8417 250310 776 15000 242802

7 Bijuwar 1818 6636 381000 675 15100 74053

8 Birendranagar 9623 5946 1926500 10655 12400 1481157

9 Birtamod 4827 5786 1557800 3555 6000 924036

10 Budhabare 3176 6373 649700 1880 7200 390675

11 Fikkal 963 4865 193111 705 10000 87954

12 Gorahi 4886 7662 1167270 4084 9548 698284

13 Itahari 8104 3217 * NA 5429 8525 1154177

14 Kamalamai* 2026 3517 486340 1722 5520 69766

15 Kawaswoti 3916 6332 649000 3512 16100 739537

16 Khairenitar 785 7566 130100 1123 15000 207207

17 Kohalpur 3335 6201 558400 1352 4910 158372

18 Kusma 1455 7842 350340 1538 16000 384339

19 Lamki 1825 6849 529800 2007 6825 * NA

20 Lekhnath 7258 4841 1145673 5289 17000 740278

21 Mahendranagar 2371 9286 428500 1785 3960 161624

22 Parsa 1974 6159 390900 2026 7500 355760

23 Prithivinarayan 817 7196 221738 668 27400 76222

24 Ratnanagar 5008 5136 804800 3220 5500 807924

25 Sunwal 4549 6485 858000 975 7310 97191

26 Surunga 1851 3734 360284 1489 5700 196409

27 Triyuga 4089 3286 622061 1065 8455 140352

28 Tulsipur* 6642 5395 1155800 4109 11500 552137 Annex - F 3: Financial Status on O & M Expenses and Debt Service -2011 (FY 2067/68) NRS in Million

Planned Data of Current Year - 2011 Actual data of Current Year - 2011 (FY 2067/68) Net Revenue Net Revenue SN Towns Gross O & M Revenue Debt Gross O & M Revenue after Debt after O & M and after O & M and Revenue Exp. after O & M Service Revenue Expenses O & M Service Debt Debt 1 Attariya 5.28 2.71 2.57 1.97 0.60 2.75 1.99 0.76 1.87 -1.11 2 Bandipur 2.35 0.71 1.64 0.91 0.73 1.72 0.91 0.81 0.80 0.01 3 Bardghat 5.75 1.99 3.76 1.29 2.47 4.43 1.83 2.60 2.02 0.58 4 Bardibas 5.26 1.27 3.99 2.87 1.12 15.26 1.80 13.46 2.95 10.51 5 Belbari 6.37 1.95 4.42 1.72 2.70 0.55 0.65 -0.10 3.10 -3.20 6 Beni 6.04 1.89 4.15 1.14 3.01 4.29 3.17 1.12 1.89 -0.77 7 Bijuwar 6.46 2.52 3.95 1.82 2.13 1.54 0.45 1.09 3.33 -2.24 8 Birendranagar 18.48 4.28 14.20 11.48 2.72 13.53 15.52 -1.99 11.83 -13.82 9 Birtamod 13.51 3.44 10.07 6.64 3.44 11.19 7.51 3.68 4.77 -1.09 10 Budhabare 9.50 2.47 7.02 5.31 1.72 3.83 3.86 -0.03 4.42 -4.45 11 Fikkal 3.28 0.73 2.56 2.67 -0.12 2.23 2.07 0.17 2.33 -2.16 12 Gorahi 13.97 7.68 6.29 2.67 3.62 16.39 12.41 3.98 5.05 -1.07 13 Itahari 17.36 11.04 6.32 4.07 2.25 20.26 9.65 10.61 8.79 1.82 14 Kamalamai 6.58 1.10 5.47 3.25 2.22 1.80 1.30 0.50 3.66 -3.16 15 Kawaswoti 8.26 2.70 5.57 3.56 2.01 14.38 6.25 8.13 3.71 4.42 16 Khairenitar 1.93 0.58 1.35 0.53 0.82 5.12 1.41 3.71 0.54 3.17 17 Kohalpur 8.25 2.49 5.76 1.93 3.83 3.63 3.70 -0.07 3.10 -3.17 18 Kusma 7.99 2.97 5.02 1.82 3.20 6.58 2.68 3.90 3.06 0.84 19 Lamki 7.12 2.97 4.15 3.64 0.51 4.33 5.20 -0.87 3.59 -4.46 20 Lekhnath 14.30 1.92 12.38 4.60 7.78 22.50 8.19 14.32 9.96 4.36 21 Mahendranagar 7.30 1.57 5.73 1.56 4.17 2.27 1.94 0.32 2.49 -2.17 22 Parsa 2.98 1.35 1.64 1.04 0.60 6.48 2.44 4.04 1.38 2.66 23 Prithivinarayan 5.56 3.03 2.54 1.32 1.22 4.24 3.98 0.26 2.31 -2.05 24 Ratnanagar 10.56 2.67 7.89 2.56 5.33 9.02 4.79 4.23 4.05 0.18 25 Sunwal 9.66 2.89 6.77 4.02 2.75 2.33 2.04 0.29 3.89 -3.60 26 Surunga 5.32 1.38 3.94 1.63 2.31 5.63 3.24 2.38 2.35 0.03 27 Triyuga 7.63 1.52 6.11 4.88 1.23 3.39 3.54 -0.15 4.37 -4.53 28 Tulsipur 15.78 6.46 9.32 5.01 4.31 11.69 5.54 6.15 5.74 0.41 Annex - F 4: Status on Non Revenue Water and Collection of Water Charges Actual Data of the Year 2011 (2067/68)

Non Revenue Water Collection of Water SN Town No. of Taps (NRW) % Charges (%)

1 Attariya 1347 59.0 97.5 2 Bandipur 615 32.4 85.5 3 Bardghat 1603 25.9 94.0 4 Bardibas 2267 54.9 92.0 5 Belbari 360 68.9 * NA 6 Beni 776 32.4 92.0 7 Bijuwar 675 56.2 99.0 8 Birendranagar 10655 41.0 80.0 9 Birtamod 3555 36.45 93.0 10 Budhabare 1880 30.5 88.0 11 Fikkal 705 66.7 92.0 12 Gorahi 4084 48.4 80.0 13 Itahari 5429 25.9 98.0 14 Kamalamai 1722 86.0 * NA 15 Kawaswoti 3512 23.5 91.0 16 Khairenitar 1123 15.8 93.0 17 Kohalpur 1352 36.3 69.0 18 Kusma 1538 26.0 94.0 19 Lamki 2007 * NA 95.0 20 Lekhnath 5289 45.9 98.1 21 Mahendranagar 1785 51.9 * NA 22 Parsa 2026 18.6 91.0 23 Prithivinarayan 668 43.4 * NA 24 Ratnanagar 3220 13.7 92.0 25 Sunwal 975 60.5 75.0 26 Surunga 1489 20.7 97.0 27 Triyuga 1065 88.8 * NA 28 Tulsipur 4109 57.2 94.0 * NA - Not Available Annex - F 5 A :Human Resource (HR) Planned 2011 Status Planned Engineer/ Meter Pump Plumber/ Watchman/Guard/ Helpers/O HR SN Towns Manager Accountant Admin Total Overseer Reader Operator Technician Messenger thers Expenses

1 Attariya 12221210 0.51 2 Bandipur 121 4 0.21 3 Bardghat 1 11 222 2 11 0.59 4 Bardibas 1 11 11 5 0.66 5 Belbari 223 2 3 12 0.75 6 Beni 1 22 3 8 0.19 7 Bijuwar 2 11233 12 0.82 8 Birtamod 24352420 1.22 9 Budhabare 11 333 3 14 0.78 10 Fikkal 1 12 22 8 0.45 11 Ghorahi 131428 2 122 1.71 12 Itahari 2 11 746 3 125 1.75 13 Jhupra 2 13 6 16533 0.95 14 Kamalamai 1 23132113 0.66 15 Kawaswoti 2 11144 3 824 1.24 16 Khairenitar 12227 0.40 17 Kohalpur 1 12138 0.53 18 Kusma NA 0.31 19 Lamki 1 11 222 2 11 0.75 20 Lekhnath 3 11 4 4 1 115 0.89 21 Mahendranagar 122 3 8 0.51 22 Parsa 12 1 22 8 0.44 23 Prithivinarayan 123 45 15 0.73 24 Ratnanagar 143 44117 0.87 25 Sunwal 21 2 21 8 0.94 26 Surunga 1231 32113 0.66 27 Triyuga 11444115 0.90 28 Tulsipur 291 12 7 6 37 1.91 TOTAL 383 22.29 NA - Not Available Annex - F 5 B: Human Resource (HR) Actual 2011 (FY 2067/68) Status

Engineer/Ov Office Office Watchman/ Accountant/ Meter Pump Plumber/ Helpers/ SN Towns erseer/Mana Account/Ad Technician/Sub Guard/ Total HR Expenses Manager Reader Operator Technician Others ger min Overseer Messenger 1 Attariya 1 2 1 2 1 3 10 0.812 2 Bandipur 1 1 1 1 1 5 0.333 3 Bardghat 1 2 1 1 4 1 10 0.793 4 Bardibas 1 2 2 1 4 4 1 15 1.021 5 Belbari 1 1 1 1 1 5 0.248 6 Beni 1 1 2 1 3 8 0.767 7 Bijuwar 1 2 2 3 8 16 0.615 8 Birtamod 1 7 3 3 3 4 2 23 2.039 9 Budhabare 1 2 1 3 2 9 0.889 10 Fikkal 1 2 2 2 1 2 10 0.679 11 Ghorahi 2 1 4 4 8 8 27 3.710 12 Itahari 2 1 6 1 4 8 8 30 3.077 13 Jhupra 1 1 4 2 5 11 14 1 39 5.805 14 Kamalamai 1 2 2 7 2 14 0.919 15 Kawaswoti 1 3 1 2 5 5 1 18 1.931 16 Khairenitar 1 5 2 3 11 0.757 17 Kohalpur 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 12 0.786 18 Kusma 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 16 1.728 19 Lamki 1 2 3 2 3 1 12 1.005 20 Lekhnath 1 1 1 5 4 8 4 2 26 2.831 21 Mahendranagar 1 1 2 2 3 2 11 0.840 22 Parsa 1 2 1 1 5 2 12 1.185 23 Prithivinarayan 1 1 1 3 1 1 8 0.557 24 Ratnanagar 1 2 1 2 1 2 9 0.779 25 Sunwal 1 1 1 2 2 1 8 0.618 26 Surunga 1 1 2 1 2 1 8 0.753 27 Triyuga 1 2 4 2 8 17 1.411 28 Tulsipur 1 1 3 2 6 7 2 22 2.930 TOTAL 411 39.817 ANNEX - F6: Loan Status of 29 Towns under STWSSSP- I (as of 16 July 2011)

Total Dues up to 16 July 2011 Total Repayment made up to NRS in Million Repayment made (FY 2067/68) 16 July 2011 (FY 2067/68) Total No. of Loan Loan with within 16 July to Installment Recovery % SNTowns Loan Interest 20 Nov 2011 Loan need to be paid as of 20 Nov Capitalized Outstanding Recovery % Annual (During our Field Principal Interest Total Principal Interest Total till 16 July 11 2011 Loan as of 16 July Installment Visit) 2011 1 Attariya 13.77 15.00 3.19 3.61 6.80 0.02 0.46 0.47 14.99 7 1. 87 7 0 7 2 Bandipur 5.93 6.47 1.87 1.80 3.67 1.38 1.44 2.82 5.08 77 0.80 9 0.85 100 3 Bardghat 15.77 16.25 3.09 3.19 6.28 3.23 3.19 6.42 13.01 102 2.02 6 0 102 4 Bardibas 22.37 23.59 4.12 4.81 8.93 0.00 2.12 2.12 23.59 24 2.95 7 1.20 37 5 Belbari 22.54 24.87 2.86 3.49 6.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.87 0 3.10 4 0 0 6 Beni 13.46 15.16 3.21 3.54 6.75 0.86 2.97 3.83 14.30 57 1.89 7 0 57 7 Bijuwar 24.45 26.80 4.82 5.54 10.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.80 0 3. 33 7 0 0 8 Birendranagar 92.81 96.74 25.76 24.55 50.32 7.05 15.00 22.04 89.69 44 11.83 8 0 44 9 Birtamod 34.92 38.30 4.40 5.29 9.69 1.04 1.34 2.38 37.26 25 4.77 4 3.36 59 10 Budhabare 33.07 35.49 5.26 6.16 11.42 0.00 0.15 0.15 35.49 1 4.42 5 0 1 11 Fikkal 17.31 18.59 3.83 4.41 8.24 0.00 0.70 0.70 18.59 8 2.33 7 0.30 12 12 Ghorahi 38.24 42.01 6.10 5.60 11.70 2.61 2.83 5.43 39.40 46 5.05 4 2.00 64 13 Itahari 63.80 70.57 6.03 7.42 13.45 0.00 2.50 2.50 70.57 19 8.79 3 0 19 14 Kamalamai 27.87 29.22 5.10 5.84 10.94 0.00 0.30 0.30 29.22 3 3.66 7 0.15 4 15 Kawaswoti 29.83 29.85 5.80 7.70 13.50 5.80 7.70 13.50 24.05 100 3.71 7 0 100 16 Khairenitar 6.10 6.67 3.40 1.31 4.72 3.40 1.31 4.72 3.27 100 0.54 8 0 100 17 Kohalpur 23.27 24.87 4.39 5.35 9.74 0.00 1.46 1.46 24.87 15 3.10 7 0 15 18 Kusma 22.24 24.57 5.16 5.45 10.61 4.33 4.74 9.07 20.24 85 3. 06 7 1.54 100 19 Lamki 26.21 28.83 3.33 4.03 7.36 0.00 0.75 0.75 28.83 10 3.59 4 0.80 21 20 Lekhnath 71.65 77.73 13.97 14.54 28.51 16.47 14.54 31.01 61.27 109 9.96 7 0 109 21 Mahendranagar 18.22 20.09 3.71 4.19 7.90 0.13 0.90 1.03 19.96 13 2.49 7 0 13 22 Parsa 10.09 11.08 4.01 4.21 8.22 0.91 3.67 4.58 10.17 56 1.38 11 1.20 70 23 Prithivinarayan 17.43 18.56 4.54 5.00 9.54 0.00 0.23 0.23 18.56 2 2.31 8 0 2 24 Ratnanagar 29.99 32.48 7.97 9.03 17.00 0.57 7.89 8.46 31.91 50 4.05 8 1.50 59 25 Sunwal 27.97 31.22 3.65 4.32 7.97 0.00 0.70 0.70 31.22 9 3.89 4 0.62 17 26 Surunga 16.72 18.90 4.05 4.27 8.32 4.05 4.27 8.32 14.85 100 2.35 7 0 100 27 Triyuga 32.76 35.07 7.34 8.32 15.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.07 0 4.37 7 0 0 28 Tulsipur 38.31 41.27 4.74 5.77 10.50 0.33 4.33 4.66 40.94 44 5.74 4 1.44 58 29 Waling 19.80 22.22 3.92 4.32 8.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.22 0 2. 26 7 0 0 816.89 882.46 159.64 173.04 332.67 52.17 85.49 137.66 830.28 41.38 109.59 14.96 46 Annex - F7 Annual and Monthly Expenses on O & M, Debt Service and Income from Water Revenue and Connection Fees (as of 2011 - FY 2067/68)

Number of O & M/ Tap Connection Debt Service/Tap Water Revenue/Tap Annual Connection SN Town Taps in NRS Connection in NRS Connection in NRS Fees Connection Annual Monthly Annual Monthly Annual Monthly NRS 1 Attariya 1347 1968 164 1385 115 1578 131 447150 2 Bandipur 615 1485 123 1307 109 2117 176 322459 3 Bardghat 1603 1136 95 1262 105 1539 128 1123000 4 Bardibas 2267 1248 104 1302 108 1069 89 11711239 5 Belbari 360 1801 150 8603 717 703 59 22000 6 Beni 776 4704 392 2433 203 4075 340 941346 7 Bijuwar 675 2290 191 4933 411 1897 158 453000 8 Birendranagar 10655 1457 121 1110 92 1077 90 300810 9 Birtamod 3555 2112 177 1342 112 2364 197 182500 10 Budhabare 1880 2036 171 2351 196 1628 136 35300 11 Fikkal 705 2931 244 3302 275 2032 169 694395 12 Gorahi 4084 3040 253 1237 103 2526 211 3141940 13 Itahari 5429 1778 148 1619 134 1502 125 10240500 14 Kamalamai 1722 754 63 2124 177 772 64 379720 15 Kawaswoti 3512 1824 152 1056 88 1894 158 4394527 16 Khairenitar 1123 1256 105 482 40 2840 236 1330273 17 Kohalpur 1352 2743 229 2290 191 1948 162 67375 18 Kusma 1538 1745 146 1991 166 3365 280 12000 19 Lamki 2007 3120 260 1789 149 1455 121 421100 20 Lekhnath 5289 1548 129 1882 157 1876 156 10900700 21 Mahendranagar 1785 1089 92 1393 117 1048 87 379650 22 Parsa 2026 1206 101 681 57 2552 213 134400 23 Prithivinarayan 668 5956 496 3460 288 4565 380 1019500 24 Ratnanagar 3220 1488 125 1257 105 2081 174 67400 25 Sunwal 975 2102 175 3989 332 1245 104 801405 26 Surunga 1489 2179 182 1577 131 1934 161 1286152 27 Triyuga 1065 3324 277 4106 342 1894 158 1093527 28 Tulsipur 4109 1349 112 1397 116 1880 157 2443000 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Attariya

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/5 in Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/68 1347 1755 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 200 NRs NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 3584 Tap Increment @ 60 120 131 Design Year in AD 2022 Tap connection each year in numbers 200 80 160 174 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM 120 60/5Other Income Growth @ 10% 100 200 218 Average Tariff 131 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 7.57 120 240 262 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 2758196 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 1645821 150 300 327 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 185742 NRW at Present (%) 59 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 1994714 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 50 Tap Connection Charges (NRs) 5000 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 35 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 1866031

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 50 Utilization Managed 41 200 Reduction 9 59 In NRS

Net Income Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Other Tap Annual Annual Net Income Tap after Debt after O & M NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Income Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M Number Operating Service Debt Income Income with and Debt Production Income Growth Charges Income Expenses Expenses Expenses Service NRW Expenses

CuM 0% 218 10% 5000 7.57 1645821 2012 2068/69 428234 1547 4046952 204316 1000000 5251268 1.1 3565907 1685361 1645821 39540 888355 6139624 2573716 927895 2013 2069/70 483598 1747 4570152 224748 1000000 5794900 1.21 4429608 1365291 1645821 -280530 1003204 6798104 2368495 722674 2014 2070/71 489964 1947 5093352 247223 1000000 6340575 1.33 4933010 1407565 1645821 -238256 1118053 7458627 2525618 879797 2015 2071/72 495270 2147 5616552 271945 1000000 6888497 1.46 5473823 1414674 1645821 -231147 1232902 8121399 2647576 1001755 2016 2072/73 541406 2347 6139752 299139 1000000 7438891 1.61 6598493 840398 1645821 -805423 1347750 8786642 2188148 542327 2017 2073/74 542346 2547 6662952 329053 1000000 7992005 1.77 7266846 725160 1645821 -920661 1462599 9454605 2187759 541938 2018 2074/75 584934 2747 7186152 361959 1000000 8548111 1.95 8634496 -86385 1645821 -1732206 1577448 10125559 1491063 -154758 2019 2075/76 627521 2947 7709352 398154 1000000 9107506 2.14 10165708 -1058201 1645821 -2704022 1692297 10799803 634095 -1011726 2020 2076/77 670108 3147 8232552 437970 1000000 9670522 2.36 11971607 -2301085 1645821 -3946906 1807146 11477667 -493940 -2139761 2021 2077/78 712695 3347 8755752 481767 1000000 10237519 2.59 13973307 -3735788 1645821 -5381609 1921994 12159513 -1813793 -3459614 2022 2078/79 755282 3547 9278952 529944 1000000 10808896 2.85 16289110 -5480214 1645821 -7126035 2036843 12845739 -3443371 -5089192

Annex F- 8 page 1/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Bandipur

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/68615 622 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 180 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 730 Tap Increment @ 2% 120 176 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers 150 221 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM120 Other Income Growth @ 10% 180 265 Average Tariff 176 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 9.37 200 294 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 1720277 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 557757 225 331 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)96110 NRW at Present (%) 32.4 135 198 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 913053 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 30 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)16111 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 20 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 803816

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 30 Utilization Managed 67.6 0 Reduction 2.4 32.4 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Other Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Income Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Growth Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 2% 265 10% 16111 9.37 557757 2012 2068/69 142119 627 1991803 105721 198165 2295689 1.1 1464820 830869 557757 273112 70715 2366404 901584 343827 2013 2069/70 145066 640 2031639 116293 202129 2350061 1.21 1644710 705350 557757 147593 72129 2422190 777480 219723 2014 2070/71 138145 653 2072272 127922 206171 2406365 1.33 1721574 684792 557757 127035 73572 2479937 758363 200606 2015 2071/72 135476 666 2113717 140715 210295 2464726 1.46 1853338 611389 557757 53632 75043 2539770 686432 128675 2016 2072/73 134667 679 2155992 154786 214500 2525278 1.61 2031551 493727 557757 -64030 76544 2601822 570271 12514 2017 2073/74 137444 693 2199111 170265 218791 2588167 1.77 2279495 308672 557757 -249085 78075 2666242 386747 -171010 2018 2074/75 140022 706 2243094 187291 223166 2653551 1.95 2558418 95134 557757 -462623 79636 2733188 174770 -382987 2019 2075/76 142912 721 2287956 206020 227630 2721605 2.14 2865645 -144039 557757 -701796 81229 2802835 -62810 -620567 2020 2076/77 145770 735 2333715 226622 232182 2792519 2.36 3223449 -430930 557757 -988687 82854 2875373 -348076 -905833

Annex F- 8 page 2/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Bardaghat

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/8 in Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/681603 1995 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 125 NRs NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 3664 Tap Increment @ 7% 80 100 128 Design Year in AD 2022 Tap connection each year in numbers 100 125 160 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM100 80/8 Other Income Growth @ 10% 125 156 200 Average Tariff 128 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 5.11 150 188 240 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 4434888 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 1428428 175 219 280 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)845309 NRW at Present (%) 25.9 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 1820283 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 25 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)9305 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 15 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 2023348

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 25 Utilization Managed 74.1 0 Reduction 0.9 25.9 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Other Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Average after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Income Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Tariff Income Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Growth Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 7% 160 10% 9305 5.11 1428428 2012 2068/69 377885 1715 3293203 929840 1044114 5267157 1.1 2124090 3143067 1428428 1714639 39998 5307156 3183065 1754637 2013 2069/70 404337 1835 3523727 1022824 1117202 5663753 1.21 2500054 3163699 1428428 1735271 42798 5706552 3206497 1778069 2014 2070/71 405600 1964 3770388 1125106 1195406 6090901 1.33 2756581 3334320 1428428 1905892 45794 6136695 3380114 1951686 2015 2071/72 433992 2101 4034316 1237617 1279085 6551017 1.46 3237843 3313174 1428428 1884746 49000 6600017 3362174 1933746 2016 2072/73 464372 2248 4316718 1361379 1368621 7046717 1.61 3820433 3226284 1428428 1797856 52430 7099147 3278714 1850286 2017 2073/74 484759 2406 4618888 1497516 1464424 7580828 1.77 4384498 3196330 1428428 1767902 56100 7636928 3252430 1824002 2018 2074/75 500385 2574 4942210 1647268 1566934 8156412 1.95 4986088 3170324 1428428 1741896 60027 8216439 3230351 1801923 2019 2075/76 535412 2754 5288165 1811995 1676619 8776779 2.14 5854945 2921833 1428428 1493405 64229 8841007 2986062 1557634 2020 2076/77 572891 2947 5658336 1993194 1793982 9445513 2.36 6908836 2536677 1428428 1108249 68725 9514238 2605402 1176974 2021 2077/78 612993 3153 6054420 2192514 1919561 10166495 2.59 8112905 2053590 1428428 625162 73535 10240030 2127125 698697 2022 2078/79 655903 3374 6478229 2411765 2053930 10943925 2.85 9548889 1395035 1428428 -33393 78683 11022608 1473718 45290

Annex F- 8 page 3/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Bardibas

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/682267 2441 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 80 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 3547 Tap Increment @ 5% 80 142 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers Not Apply 100 178 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM80 Other Income Growth @ 10% 125 223 Average Tariff 142 89 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 3.03 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 15263247 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) Not Needed *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)1127733 NRW at Present (%) 54.9 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 1799071 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 35 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)6000 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 20 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 2951424

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 35 Utilization Managed 45.1 Reduction 19.9 54.9 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 5% 142 10% 6000 3.03 2951424 2012 2068/69 566743 2380 4067542 1240506 680100 5988148 1.1 1888955 4099194 2951424 1147770 1794769 7782918 5893963 2942539 2013 2069/70 595080 2499 4270919 1364557 714105 6349581 1.21 2181742 4167839 2951424 1216415 1884508 8234089 6052346 3100922 2014 2070/71 580203 2624 4484465 1501013 749810 6735288 1.33 2338161 4397127 2951424 1445703 1978733 8714021 6375860 3424436 2015 2071/72 609213 2756 4708688 1651114 787301 7147103 1.46 2695038 4452065 2951424 1500641 2077670 9224773 6529735 3578311 2016 2072/73 597029 2893 4944123 1816225 826666 7587014 1.61 2912487 4674527 2951424 1723103 2181553 9768567 6856080 3904656 2017 2073/74 626881 3038 5191329 1997848 867999 8057176 1.77 3362023 4695153 2951424 1743729 2290631 10347807 6985784 4034360 2018 2074/75 617086 3190 5450895 2197633 911399 8559927 1.95 3646050 4913877 2951424 1962453 2405162 10965089 7319040 4367616 2019 2075/76 647940 3349 5723440 2417396 956969 9097805 2.14 4201371 4896434 2951424 1945010 2525420 11623225 7421854 4470430 2020 2076/77 680337 3517 6009612 2659135 1004817 9673565 2.36 4864952 4808613 2951424 1857189 2651691 12325256 7460304 4508880

Annex F- 8 page 4/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Belbari

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/8 in Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/68360 2775 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 200 NRs NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 4218 Substantial numbers of Tap Increment needed 1600 100 125 115 Design Year in AD 2022 Thereafter, tap increment @ 6% 125 156 180 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM100 Other Income Growth @ 10% 150 188 216 Average Tariff 115 Assumed Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 6.29 160 200 230 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 548683 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 2730367 200 250 288 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)273778 NRW at Present (%) 68.9 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 648499 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 55.0 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)500 4812 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 35 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 3097196

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 55 Utilization Managed 31.1 1600 Reduction 13.9 68.9 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 6% 230 10% 500 6.29 2730367 2012 2068/69 626048 1600 4416000 301156 620000 5337156 1.1 4331626 1005530 2730367 -1724837 1973711 7310866 2979240 248873 2013 2069/70 596137 1728 4769280 331271 64000 5164551 1.21 4537138 627414 2730367 -2102953 2131607 7296159 2759021 28654 2014 2070/71 517013 1832 5055437 364399 51840 5471675 1.33 4325177 1146498 2730367 -1583869 2259504 7731179 3406002 675635 2015 2071/72 463721 1942 5358763 400838 54950 5814552 1.46 4258536 1556016 2730367 -1174351 2395074 8209626 3951090 1220723 2016 2072/73 491544 2058 5680289 440922 58247 6179458 1.61 4977820 1201638 2730367 -1528729 2538779 8718237 3740417 1010050 2017 2073/74 521037 2182 6021106 485014 61742 6567863 1.77 5800861 767002 2730367 -1963365 2691105 9258968 3458107 727740 2018 2074/75 552299 2312 6382372 533516 65447 6981335 1.95 6774226 207109 2730367 -2523258 2852572 9833907 3059681 329314 2019 2075/76 585437 2451 6765315 586867 69374 7421556 2.14 7880336 -458780 2730367 -3189147 3023726 10445282 2564946 -165421 2020 2076/77 620563 2598 7171234 645554 73536 7890324 2.36 9211891 -1321567 2730367 -4051934 3205149 11095473 1883582 -846785 2021 2077/78 657797 2754 7601508 710110 77948 8389566 2.59 10716240 -2326674 2730367 -5057041 3397458 11787024 1070784 -1659583 2022 2078/79 697265 2919 8057598 781121 82625 8921344 2.85 12495136 -3573792 2730367 -6304159 3601306 12522650 27514 -2702853

Annex F- 8 page 5/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Beni

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/15 in Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/68776 821 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 167 NRs NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 1394 Tap Increment @ 7% 200 133 340 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers Not Needed 250 167 425 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM133 200/15 Other Income Growth @ 10% 300 200 510 Average Tariff 340 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 8.83 350 233 595 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 4288067 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 1664606 400 267 680 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)184155 NRW at Present (%) 32.4 225 150 383 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 3172271 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 30.0 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)15000 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 20 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 1888248

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 30 Utilization Managed 67.6 Reduction 2.4 32.4 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Annual Average Other Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Water Tariff Income Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Growth Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 7% 425 10% 15000 8.83 1664606 2012 2068/69 227300 830 4234632 202571 814800 5252003 1.1 2207766 3044237 1664606 1379631 150342 5402344 3194579 1529973 2013 2069/70 243211 888 4531056 222828 871836 5625720 1.21 2598540 3027179 1664606 1362573 160866 5786586 3188045 1523439 2014 2070/71 242887 951 4848230 245110 932865 6026205 1.33 2852439 3173766 1664606 1509160 172127 6198332 3345893 1681287 2015 2071/72 249893 1017 5187606 269621 998165 6455393 1.46 3221573 3233820 1664606 1569214 184175 6639568 3417995 1753389 2016 2072/73 260701 1088 5550739 296583 1068037 6915359 1.61 3706204 3209154 1664606 1544548 197068 7112426 3406222 1741616 2017 2073/74 278950 1165 5939290 326242 1142799 7408331 1.77 4359739 3048592 1664606 1383986 210862 7619194 3259454 1594848 2018 2074/75 298477 1246 6355041 358866 1222795 7936702 1.95 5139320 2797382 1664606 1132776 225623 8162325 3023005 1358399 2019 2075/76 319370 1333 6799894 394753 1308391 8503037 2.14 6034879 2468158 1664606 803552 241416 8744453 2709574 1044968 2020 2076/77 341726 1400 7140000 434228 1000313 8574541 2.36 7121158 1453383 1664606 -211223 253491 8828032 1706874 42268

Annex F- 8 page 6/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Bijuwar

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/68675 1818 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 250 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 2232 Tap connection each year in numbers 120 150 158 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap Increment @ Not Needed 200 210 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM150 Other Income Growth @ 10% 250 263 Average Tariff 158 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 9.11 300 315 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 1992181 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 2942496 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)258887 NRW at Present (%) 56.3 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 1545569 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 40.0 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)15100 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 30 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 3330004

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 40 Utilization Managed 43.7 120 Reduction 16.3 56.3 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 0% 263 10% 15100 9.11 2942496 2012 2068/69 242122 795 2504250 284776 1812000 4601026 1.1 2426305 2174721 2942496 -767775 934080 5535105 3108800 166304 2013 2069/70 253335 915 2882250 313253 1812000 5007503 1.21 2792539 2214964 2942496 -727532 1075073 6082576 3290036 347540 2014 2070/71 262680 1035 3260250 344579 1812000 5416829 1.33 3182704 2234124 2942496 -708372 1216066 6632894 3450190 507694 2015 2071/72 270586 1155 3638250 379036 1812000 5829286 1.46 3598960 2230326 2942496 -712170 1357059 7186345 3587385 644889 2016 2072/73 277364 1275 4016250 416940 1812000 6245190 1.61 4068118 2177072 2942496 -765424 1498052 7743242 3675124 732628 2017 2073/74 277364 1275 4016250 458634 0 4474884 1.77 4472403 2481 2942496 -2940015 1498052 5972936 1500533 -1441963 2018 2074/75 277364 1275 4016250 504498 0 4520748 1.95 4927224 -406476 2942496 -3348972 1498052 6018800 1091576 -1850920 2019 2075/76 277364 1275 4016250 554947 0 4571197 2.14 5407312 -836115 2942496 -3778611 1498052 6069249 661937 -2280559 2020 2076/77 277364 1275 4016250 610442 0 4626692 2.36 5963204 -1336512 2942496 -4279008 1498052 6124744 161540 -2780956

Annex F- 8 page 7/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Birendranagar

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/8 in Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/6810655 9623 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 88 NRs NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 15901 Tap connection each year in numbers 583 30 38 90 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap Increment @ 60 75 180 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM38 30/8 Other Income Growth @ 10% 70 88 210 Average Tariff 90 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 6.19 90 113 270 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 13526980 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 9847480 100 125 300 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)1746723 NRW at Present (%) 41 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 15524708 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 40.0 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)12400 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 25 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 11830000

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 40 Utilization Managed 59 583 Reduction 1 41 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 210 10% 12400 6.19 9847480 2012 2068/69 2837232 11238 28319760 1921395 7229200 37470355 1.1 19318712 18151643 9847480 8304163 479996 37950351 18631639 8784159 2013 2069/70 2771248 11821 29788920 2113535 7229200 39131655 1.21 20756368 18375287 9847480 8527807 504897 39636552 18880184 9032704 2014 2070/71 2907923 12404 31258080 2324888 7229200 40812168 1.33 23940057 16872112 9847480 7024632 529798 41341966 17401910 7554430 2015 2071/72 2841625 12987 32727240 2557377 7229200 42513817 1.46 25680901 16832917 9847480 6985437 554699 43068516 17387616 7540136 2016 2072/73 2969188 13570 34196400 2813115 7229200 44238715 1.61 29590634 14648080 9847480 4800600 579600 44818315 15227680 5380200 2017 2073/74 2903205 14153 35665560 3094426 7229200 45989186 1.77 31808384 14180803 9847480 4333323 604501 46593687 14785304 4937824 2018 2074/75 3022796 14736 37134720 3403869 7229200 47767789 1.95 36486655 11281134 9847480 1433654 629402 48397191 11910536 2063056 2019 2075/76 3065743 15319 38603880 3744256 7229200 49577336 2.14 40610670 8966666 9847480 -880814 654303 50231639 9620969 -226511 2020 2076/77 3070096 15902 40073040 4118681 7229200 51420921 2.36 44849194 6571727 9847480 -3275753 679204 52100126 7250932 -2596548

Annex F- 8 page 8/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Birtamod

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/683555 4827 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 130 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 6684 Tap connection each year in numbers 100 197 Design Year in AD 2022 Tap Increment @ 6% 130 256 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM100 Other Income Growth @ 10% 150 296 Average Tariff 197 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 5.17 180 355 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 11192691 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 4090948 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)2606859 NRW at Present (%) 36.4 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 7509888 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 30.0 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)6000 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 20 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 4770166

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 30 Utilization Managed 63.6 0 Reduction 6.4 36.4 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Annual Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 6% 256 10% 6000 5.17 4090948 2012 2068/69 1490778 3768 11580740 2867545 1279800 15728084 1.1 8478055 7250030 4090948 3159082 1165357 16893442 8415387 4324439 2013 2069/70 1489926 3994 12275584 3154299 1356588 16786471 1.21 9320531 7465940 4090948 3374992 1235279 18021750 8701219 4610271 2014 2070/71 1535452 4234 13012119 3469729 1437983 17919832 1.33 10557919 7361912 4090948 3270964 1309396 19229227 8671308 4580360 2015 2071/72 1562476 4488 13792846 3816702 1524262 19133811 1.46 11793878 7339932 4090948 3248984 1387959 20521770 8727892 4636944 2016 2072/73 1552710 4757 14620417 4198372 1615718 20434507 1.61 12924293 7510214 4090948 3419266 1471237 21905744 8981451 4890503 2017 2073/74 1645873 5043 15497642 4618210 1712661 21828513 1.77 15061217 6767296 4090948 2676348 1559511 23388024 8326807 4235859 2018 2074/75 1744625 5345 16427500 5080031 1815421 23322952 1.95 17588438 5734514 4090948 1643566 1653082 24976034 7387596 3296648 2019 2075/76 1849303 5666 17413150 5588034 1924346 24925530 2.14 20460314 4465216 4090948 374268 1752267 26677797 6217483 2126535 2020 2076/77 1960261 6006 18457939 6146837 2039807 26644583 2.36 23917534 2727050 4090948 -1363898 1857403 28501986 4584452 493504 2021 2077/78 2077876 6366 19565416 6761521 2162195 28489132 2.59 27823389 665743 4090948 -3425205 1968847 30457979 2634590 -1456358 2022 2078/79 2202549 6748 20739341 7437673 2291927 30468941 2.85 32442071 -1973131 4090948 -6064079 2086978 32555918 113847 -3977101

Annex F- 8 page 9/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Budhabare

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/8 in Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/681880 3176 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 250 NRs NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 4626 Tap connection each year in numbers 255 100 125 136 Design Year in AD 2022 Tap Increment @ 150 188 204 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM100/8 Other Income Growth @ 10% 200 250 272 Average Tariff 136 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 6.81 225 281 306 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 3826947 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 3896747 250 313 340 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)730711 NRW at Present (%) 30.5 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 3827323 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 28.0 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)7200 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 20 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 4420280

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 28 Utilization Managed 69.5 255 Reduction 2.5 30.5 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 0% 272 10% 7200 6.81 3896747 2012 2068/69 595280 2135 6968640 803782 1836000 9608422 1.1 4459239 5149183 3896747 1252436 250671 9859093 5399854 1503107 2013 2069/70 639723 2390 7800960 884160 1836000 10521120 1.21 5271384 5249736 3896747 1352989 280610 10801730 5530346 1633599 2014 2070/71 680748 2645 8633280 972576 1836000 11441856 1.33 6165742 5276114 3896747 1379367 310550 11752406 5586664 1689917 2015 2071/72 727719 2900 9465600 1069834 1836000 12371434 1.46 7235416 5136018 3896747 1239271 340489 12711923 5476507 1579760 2016 2072/73 791708 3155 10297920 1176817 1836000 13310737 1.61 8680364 4630374 3896747 733627 370429 13681166 5000803 1104056 2017 2073/74 855697 3410 11130240 1294499 1836000 14260739 1.77 10314313 3946426 3896747 49679 400368 14661107 4346794 450047 2018 2074/75 919686 3665 11962560 1423949 1836000 15222509 1.95 12212969 3009540 3896747 -887207 430308 15652817 3439848 -456899 2019 2075/76 983675 3920 12794880 1566344 1836000 16197224 2.14 14335489 1861735 3896747 -2035012 460247 16657471 2321982 -1574765 2020 2076/77 1047664 4175 13627200 1722978 1836000 17186178 2.36 16837638 348541 3896747 -3548206 490187 17676365 838728 -3058019 2021 2077/78 1111653 4430 14459520 1895276 1836000 18190796 2.59 19607227 -1416431 3896747 -5313178 520127 18710923 -896304 -4793051 2022 2078/79 1175642 4685 15291840 2084804 1836000 19212644 2.85 22809445 -3596802 3896747 -7493549 550066 19762710 -3046735 -6943482

Annex F- 8 page 10/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Fikkal

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/68705 963 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 160 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 1427 Tap connection each year in numbers 66 120 169 Design Year in AD 2022 Tap Increment @ 150 212 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM120 Other Income Growth @ 10% 160 226 Average Tariff 169 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 7.82 200 282 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 2234855 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 2041051 250 353 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)108252 NRW at Present (%) 66.7 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 2066113 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 50.0 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)10000 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 35 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 2328084

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 50 Utilization Managed 33.3 66 Reduction 16.7 66.7 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 0% 226 10% 10000 7.82 2041051 2012 2068/69 217217 771 2087251 119077 660000 2866328 1.1 1868502 997826 2041051 -1043225 1046760 3913088 2044586 3535 2013 2069/70 226379 837 2265926 130985 660000 3056911 1.21 2142045 914866 2041051 -1126185 1136365 4193277 2051231 10180 2014 2070/71 222027 903 2444602 144083 660000 3248685 1.33 2309216 939469 2041051 -1101582 1225971 4474656 2165441 124390 2015 2071/72 218400 969 2623277 158492 660000 3441769 1.46 2493522 948247 2041051 -1092804 1315577 4757346 2263824 222773 2016 2072/73 199951 1035 2801952 174341 660000 3636293 1.61 2517422 1118871 2041051 -922180 1405183 5041476 2524054 483003 2017 2073/74 212701 1101 2980627 191775 660000 3832402 1.77 2944085 888317 2041051 -1152734 1494789 5327191 2383106 342055 2018 2074/75 225452 1167 3159302 210953 660000 4030255 1.95 3437916 592339 2041051 -1448712 1584395 5614650 2176734 135683 2019 2075/76 238202 1233 3337978 232048 660000 4230025 2.14 3986269 243756 2041051 -1797295 1674001 5904026 1917757 -123294 2020 2076/77 250953 1299 3516653 255253 660000 4431905 2.36 4631386 -199480 2041051 -2240531 1763607 6195512 1564126 -476925 2021 2077/78 246123 1365 3695328 280778 660000 4636106 2.59 4984929 -348823 2041051 -2389874 1853213 6489318 1504389 -536662 2022 2078/79 258024 1431 3874003 308856 660000 4842859 2.85 5748554 -905696 2041051 -2946747 1942818 6785677 1037123 -1003928

Annex F- 8 page 11/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Ghorahi

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/8 in Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/684084 4886 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 188 NRs NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 7281 Tap connection each year in numbers 100 125 197 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap Increment @ 6% 125 156 246 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM100/8 Other Income Growth @ 10% 150 188 296 Average Tariff 197 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 10.42 175 219 345 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 16398782 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 4325908 200 250 394 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)2938832 NRW at Present (%) 48.4 225 281 443 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 12414981 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 41.0 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)9568 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 25 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 5053182

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 41 Utilization Managed 51.6 0 Reduction 7.4 48.4 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 6% 296 10% 9568 10.42 4325908 2012 2068/69 1386274 4329 15350776 3232715 2344543 20928034 1.1 15889473 5038561 4325908 712653 2201468 23129502 7240028 2914120 2013 2069/70 1469450 4589 16271822 3555987 2485215 22313024 1.21 18527126 3785899 4325908 -540009 2333556 24646580 6119455 1793547 2014 2070/71 1437801 4864 17248132 3911585 2634328 23794045 1.33 19925906 3868139 4325908 -457769 2473569 26267615 6341709 2015801 2015 2071/72 1415207 5156 18283020 4302744 2792388 25378151 1.46 21529824 3848328 4325908 -477580 2621983 28000135 6470311 2144403 2016 2072/73 1400111 5465 19380001 4733018 2959931 27072950 1.61 23488546 3584404 4325908 -741504 2779302 29852253 6363707 2037799 2017 2073/74 1484118 5793 20542801 5206320 3137527 28886648 1.77 27372180 1514468 4325908 -2811440 2946061 31832709 4460528 134620 2018 2074/75 1474842 6141 21775369 5726952 3325779 30828100 1.95 29967318 860782 4325908 -3465126 3122824 33950924 3983606 -342302 2019 2075/76 1563333 6509 23081891 6299647 3525325 32906864 2.14 34860443 -1953580 4325908 -6279488 3310194 36217057 1356614 -2969294 2020 2076/77 1616715 6900 24466805 6929612 3736845 35133262 2.36 39756957 -4623695 4325908 -8949603 3508805 38642067 -1114890 -5440798

Annex F- 8 page 12/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Itahari

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/685439 8104 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 130 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 12999 Tap connection each year in numbers 685 75 125 Design Year in AD 2022 Tap Increment @ 130 217 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM75 Other Income Growth @ 10% 150 251 Average Tariff 125 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 6.20 175 292 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 20263039 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 7748195 200 334 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)1870485 NRW at Present (%) 25.9 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 9652662 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 25.0 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)8525 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 20 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 8789174

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 25 Utilization Managed 74.1 685 Reduction 0.9 25.9 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 0% 217 10% 8525 6.20 7748195 2012 2068/69 1514016 6124 15954245 2057534 5839625 23851403 1.1 10325590 13525813 7748195 5777618 193776 24045180 13719590 5971395 2013 2069/70 1683366 6809 17738807 2263287 5839625 25841719 1.21 12628615 13213104 7748195 5464909 215451 26057170 13428555 5680360 2014 2070/71 1736922 7494 19523369 2489616 5839625 27852609 1.33 14322658 13529952 7748195 5781757 237126 28089735 13767078 6018883 2015 2071/72 1895688 8179 21307931 2738577 5839625 29886133 1.46 17159765 12726368 7748195 4978173 258801 30144934 12985168 5236973 2016 2072/73 2054454 8864 23092493 3012435 5839625 31944553 1.61 20507556 11436997 7748195 3688802 280476 32225028 11717472 3969277 2017 2073/74 2213219 9549 24877055 3313678 5839625 34030358 1.77 24287871 9742488 7748195 1994293 302150 34332509 10044638 2296443 2018 2074/75 2371985 10234 26661617 3645046 5839625 36146288 1.95 28677303 7468985 7748195 -279210 323825 36470113 7792810 44615 2019 2075/76 2530751 10919 28446179 4009551 5839625 38295355 2.14 33578007 4717347 7748195 -3030848 345500 38640855 5062847 -2685348 2020 2076/77 2689517 11604 30230741 4410506 5839625 40480872 2.36 39353014 1127857 7748195 -6620338 367175 40848047 1495032 -6253163 2021 2077/78 2848283 12289 32015303 4851556 5839625 42706484 2.59 45737728 -3031244 7748195 -10779439 388850 43095334 -2642394 -10390589 2022 2078/79 3007049 12974 33799865 5336712 5839625 44976202 2.85 53115909 -8139708 7748195 -15887903 410525 45386726 -7729183 -15477378

Annex F- 8 page 13/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Kamalamai

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/681722 2026 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 125 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 3500 Tap connection each year in numbers 70 77 Design Year in AD 2022 Tap Increment @ 2% 100 110 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM70 128 Other Income Growth @ 10% 125 138 Average Tariff 77 Assumed Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 6.50 150 165 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 1796401 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 3208052 175 193 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)87626 NRW at Present (%) 86 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 1299034 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 70.0 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)5520 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 35 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 3656720

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 70 Utilization Managed 14 0 Reduction 16 86 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 2% 138 10% 5520 6.50 3208052 2012 2068/69 408221 1756 2898126 96389 190109 3184623 1.1 2918779 265845 3208052 -2942207 3312144 6496767 3577989 369937 2013 2069/70 411245 1792 2956089 106027 193911 3256027 1.21 3234439 21588 3208052 -3186464 3378387 6634414 3399975 191923 2014 2070/71 415275 1827 3015210 116630 197789 3329630 1.33 3590051 -260421 3208052 -3468473 3445955 6775584 3185533 -22519 2015 2071/72 420080 1864 3075514 128293 201745 3405553 1.46 3986556 -581004 3208052 -3789056 3514874 6920426 2933870 -274182 2016 2072/73 425506 1901 3137025 141123 205780 3483927 1.61 4452917 -968990 3208052 -4177042 3585171 7069098 2616181 -591871 2017 2073/74 431448 1939 3199765 155235 209895 3564896 1.77 4963806 -1398910 3208052 -4606962 3656875 7221770 2257964 -950088 2018 2074/75 408643 1978 3263761 170758 214093 3648612 1.95 5179545 -1530933 3208052 -4738985 3730012 7378624 2199079 -1008973 2019 2075/76 389028 2018 3329036 187834 218375 3735245 2.14 5411376 -1676131 3208052 -4884183 3804612 7539858 2128481 -1079571 2020 2076/77 372008 2058 3395617 206618 222743 3824977 2.36 5706600 -1881623 3208052 -5089675 3880705 7705681 1999082 -1208970 2021 2077/78 379448 2099 3463529 227279 227198 3918006 2.59 6388006 -2470001 3208052 -5678053 3958319 7876324 1488318 -1719734 2022 2078/79 387037 2141 3532799 250007 231742 4014548 2.85 7167343 -3152795 3208052 -6360847 4037485 8052033 884690 -2323362

Annex F- 8 page 14/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Kawaswoti

Tariff/10 in Received/Provided Data Assumptions Average in NRs Tap Numbers in FY 2067/683512 3916 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 90 NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 5853 Tap Increment @ 5% 60 158 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers 90 237 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM60 Other Income Growth @ 10% 100 263 Average Tariff 158 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 5.41 125 329 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 14385031 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 150 395 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)3337262 NRW at Present (%) 23.5 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 6251429 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 20 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)16100 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 15 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 3707974

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 20 Utilization Managed 76.5 0 Reduction 3.5 23.5 In NRS

Effective Net Income Total Net Income Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Annual Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Water Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Production Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 5% 237 10% 16100 5.41 3707974 2012 2068/69 910215 3688 10474259 3670988 2827160 16972407 1.1 5416689 11555718 3707974 7847744 479214 17451622 12034933 8326959 2013 2069/70 955726 3872 10997972 4038087 2968518 18004577 1.21 6256276 11748301 3707974 8040327 503175 18507752 12251476 8543502 2014 2070/71 979036 4066 11547871 4441896 3116944 19106710 1.33 7044458 12062252 3707974 8354278 528334 19635044 12590586 8882612 2015 2071/72 991706 4269 12125264 4886085 3272791 20284141 1.46 7833088 12451052 3707974 8743078 554751 20838891 13005803 9297829 2016 2072/73 1041291 4482 12731527 5374694 3436431 21542652 1.61 9069751 12472901 3707974 8764927 582488 22125140 13055389 9347415 2017 2073/74 1093356 4706 13368104 5912163 3608252 22888519 1.77 10469647 12418872 3707974 8710898 611613 23500132 13030485 9322511 2018 2074/75 1148024 4942 14036509 6503380 3788665 24328553 1.95 12111075 12217479 3707974 8509505 642193 24970746 12859672 9151698 2019 2075/76 1205425 5189 14738334 7153717 3978098 25870150 2.14 13955684 11914465 3707974 8206491 674303 26544453 12588768 8880794 2020 2076/77 1265696 5448 15475251 7869089 4177003 27521343 2.36 16159900 11361443 3707974 7653469 708018 28229361 12069461 8361487

Annex F- 8 page 15/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Khairenitar

Tariff/10 in Received/Provided Data Assumptions Average in NRs Tap Numbers in FY 2067/681123 785 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 120 NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 1368 Tap Increment @ 2% 120 236 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers 150 297 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM120 Other Income Growth @ 10% 175 347 Average Tariff 236 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 5.73 200 396 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 5124725 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)605529 NRW at Present (%) 15.8 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 1410453 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 15 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)15000 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 15 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 540856

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 15 Utilization Managed 84.2 0 Reduction 0.8 15.8 In NRS

Annex F- 8: Net Income Total Net Income Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Effective Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Annual Water Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Production Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 2% 236 10% 15000 5.73 540856 2012 2068/69 244388 1145 3237895 666082 336900 4240877 1.1 1540375 2700502 540856 2159646 30764 4271640 2731265 2190409 2013 2069/70 249275 1168 3302653 732690 343638 4378981 1.21 1728301 2650680 540856 2109824 31379 4410360 2682059 2141203 2014 2070/71 254261 1192 3368706 805959 350511 4525175 1.33 1937697 2587479 540856 2046623 32007 4557182 2619486 2078630 2015 2071/72 259346 1216 3436080 886555 357521 4680156 1.46 2169637 2510518 540856 1969662 32647 4712803 2543165 2002309 2016 2072/73 264533 1240 3504801 975211 364671 4844683 1.61 2440396 2404287 540856 1863431 33300 4877983 2437587 1896731 2017 2073/74 269824 1265 3574897 1072732 371965 5019594 1.77 2736578 2283015 540856 1742159 33966 5053560 2316981 1776125 2018 2074/75 275220 1290 3646395 1180005 379404 5205804 1.95 3075172 2130632 540856 1589776 34645 5240449 2165277 1624421 2019 2075/76 280725 1316 3719323 1298005 386992 5404321 2.14 3442300 1962020 540856 1421164 35338 5439659 1997358 1456502 2020 2076/77 286339 1342 3793710 1427806 394732 5616247 2.36 3872105 1744142 540856 1203286 36045 5652292 1780187 1239331

Annex F- 8 page 16/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Kohalpur Alternative -1 Alternative -2

30% Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Increment Avg Tariff NRs NRs Tap Numbers in FY 2067/681352 3335 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 220 each Year Tap Numbers in Design Year 4677 Substantial numbers of Tap Increment needed 2000 120 162 156 211 Design Year in AD 2020 Thereafter, tap increment @ 10% 150 203 203 274 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM120 Other Income Growth @ 10% 200 270 264 356 Average Tariff 162 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 14.92 220 297 343 463 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 3634532 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 2730081 250 338 446 601 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)324380 NRW at Present (%) 36.3 275 371 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 3708630 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 35.0 300 405 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)4910 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 25 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 3096602

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 35 Utilization Managed 63.7 Alternative -1 2000 Reduction 1.3 36.3 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Tap Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Connectio Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production n in No. Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 10% 297 10% 4910 14.92 2730081 2012 2068/69 479689 2000 7128000 356818 3181680 10666498 1.1 7872650 2793848 2730081 63767 145469 10811967 2939318 209237 2013 2069/70 527657 2200 7840800 392500 982000 9215300 1.21 9525906 -310606 2730081 -3040687 160016 9375316 -150590 -2880671 2014 2070/71 538964 2420 8624880 431750 1080200 10136830 1.33 10694994 -558165 2730081 -3288246 176018 10312848 -382147 -3112228 2015 2071/72 553337 2662 9487368 474925 1188220 11150513 1.46 12053446 -902934 2730081 -3633015 193620 11344133 -709314 -3439395 2016 2072/73 608670 2928 10436105 522417 1307042 12265564 1.61 14620996 -2355431 2730081 -5085512 212982 12478546 -2142450 -4872531 2017 2073/74 669538 3221 11479715 574659 1437746 13492120 1.77 17681415 -4189295 2730081 -6919376 234280 13726400 -3955015 -6685096 2018 2074/75 736491 3543 12627687 632125 1581521 14841332 1.95 21427478 -6586145 2730081 -9316226 257708 15099040 -6328437 -9058518 2019 2075/76 810140 3897 13890455 695337 1739673 16325466 2.14 25866811 -9541346 2730081 -12271427 283479 16608944 -9257867 -11987948 2020 2076/77 891154 4287 15279501 764871 1913640 17958012 2.36 31378618 -13420606 2730081 -16150687 311827 18269839 -13108779 -15838860

Annex F- 8 page 17/28 Alternative 2 based on tariff increment @ 30 % every year for five years

Alternative -2 2000

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 10% 10% 4910 14.92 2730081 2012 2068/69 479689 2000 5054400 695337 3181680 8931417 1.1 7872650 1058768 2730081 -1671313 103151 9034568 1161919 -1568162 2013 2069/70 527657 2200 7227792 764871 982000 8974663 1.21 9525906 -551243 2730081 -3281324 147506 9122169 -403737 -3133818 2014 2070/71 538964 2420 10335743 841358 1080200 12257301 1.33 10694994 1562306 2730081 -1167775 210934 12468234 1773240 -956841 2015 2071/72 553337 2662 14780112 925494 1188220 16893826 1.46 12053446 4840380 2730081 2110299 301635 17195461 5142014 2411933 2016 2072/73 608670 2928 21135560 1018043 1307042 23460645 1.61 14620996 8839650 2730081 6109569 431338 23891983 9270988 6540907 2017 2073/74 669538 3221 23249116 1119848 1437746 25806710 1.77 17681415 8125295 2730081 5395214 474472 26281182 8599767 5869686 2018 2074/75 736491 3543 25574028 1231833 1581521 28387381 1.95 21427478 6959903 2730081 4229822 521919 28909300 7481822 4751741 2019 2075/76 810140 3897 28131430 1355016 1739673 31226119 2.14 25866811 5359308 2730081 2629227 574111 31800230 5933418 3203337 2020 2076/77 891154 4287 30944573 1490517 1913640 34348731 2.36 31378618 2970113 2730081 240032 631522 34980253 3601635 871554 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Kusma

Tariff/10 in Received/Provided Data Assumptions Average in NRs Tap Numbers in FY 2067/681538 1455 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 120 NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 2081 Tap Increment @ 3% 80 280 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers 120 420 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM80 200 Other Income Growth @ 10% 150 525 Average Tariff 280 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 5.17 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 6583002 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)1395624 NRW at Present (%) 26 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 2684139 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 25 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)3960 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 15 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 3061798

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 25 Utilization Managed 74 0 Reduction 1 26 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 3% 420 10% 3960 5.17 3061798 2012 2068/69 424021 1584 7984066 1535186 182714 9701966 1.1 2411410 7290556 3061798 4228758 107893 9809859 7398449 4336651 2013 2069/70 436742 1632 8223588 1688705 188196 10100488 1.21 2732128 7368361 3061798 4306563 111130 10211618 7479490 4417692 2014 2070/71 421729 1681 8470295 1857576 193842 10521712 1.33 2899852 7621861 3061798 4560063 114463 10636176 7736324 4674526 2015 2071/72 408829 1731 8724404 2043333 199657 10967394 1.46 3085924 7881470 3061798 4819672 117897 11085291 7999367 4937569 2016 2072/73 421094 1783 8986136 2247666 205647 11439449 1.61 3505060 7934389 3061798 4872591 121434 11560884 8055823 4994025 2017 2073/74 433727 1836 9255720 2472433 211816 11939969 1.77 3968991 7970978 3061798 4909180 125077 12065047 8096056 5034258 2018 2074/75 446739 1892 9533392 2719676 218171 12471239 1.95 4503796 7967443 3061798 4905645 128830 12600068 8096273 5034475 2019 2075/76 460141 1948 9819394 2991644 224716 13035753 2.14 5090906 7944847 3061798 4883049 132695 13168448 8077542 5015744 2020 2076/77 473945 2007 10113975 3290808 231457 13636241 2.36 5782698 7853543 3061798 4791745 136675 13772916 7990218 4928420

Annex F- 8 page 18/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Lamki

Tariff/12 in Tariff/10 in Received/Provided Data Assumptions Average in NRs Tap Numbers in FY 2067/682007 1825 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 167 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 4147 Tap Increment @ 7% 75 63 121 Design Year in AD 2022 Tap connection each year in numbers 150 125 242 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM63 130 Other Income Growth @ 10% 200 167 322 Average Tariff 121 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 11.87 250 208 403 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 4360821 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 3165794 175 146 282 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)1441309 NRW at Present (%) Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 5199675 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) Tap Connection Charges (NRs)6825 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) Debt Installment in NRs (Present)3591122 Limiting Expenses @ 20%

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 0 Utilization Managed 100 0 Reduction 0 0 In NRS

Effective Net Income Total Net Income Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Annual Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Water Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Production Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 7% 322 10% 6825 20% 3165794 2012 2068/69 2147 8297901 1585440 958844 10842186 1.1 6239610 4602576 3165794 1436782 0 10842186 4602576 1436782 2013 2069/70 2298 8878754 1743984 1025963 11648702 1.21 7487532 4161170 3165794 995376 0 11648702 4161170 995376 2014 2070/71 2459 9500267 1918382 1097781 12516430 1.33 8985038 3531392 3165794 365598 0 12516430 3531392 365598 2015 2071/72 2631 10165286 2110221 1174625 13450132 1.46 10782046 2668086 3165794 -497708 0 13450132 2668086 -497708 2016 2072/73 2815 10876856 2321243 1256849 14454948 1.61 12938455 1516492 3165794 -1649302 0 14454948 1516492 -1649302 2017 2073/74 3012 11638236 2553367 1344829 15536431 1.77 15526146 10285 3165794 -3155509 0 15536431 10285 -3155509 2018 2074/75 3223 12452912 2808703 1438967 16700583 1.95 18631376 -1930793 3165794 -5096587 0 16700583 -1930793 -5096587 2019 2075/76 3448 13324616 3089574 1539694 17953884 2.14 22357651 -4403766 3165794 -7569560 0 17953884 -4403766 -7569560 2020 2076/77 3690 14257339 3398531 1647473 19303344 2.36 26829181 -7525837 3165794 -10691631 0 19303344 -7525837 -10691631

Note: Annual Water production and NRW was not available Annex F- 8 page 19/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Lekhnath

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/685289 7258 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 120 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 9760 Tap Increment @ 100 156 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers 120 120 187 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM100 120 Other Income Growth @ 10% 150 234 Average Tariff 156 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 5.98 175 273 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 22502394 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 6727117 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)1681921 NRW at Present (%) 45.9 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 8185971 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 40 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)17000 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 25 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 9955213

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 40 Utilization Managed 54.1 120 Reduction 5.9 45.9 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 0% 187 10% 17000 5.98 6727117 2012 2068/69 1344982 5409 12150778 1850113 2040000 16040891 1.1 8847289 7193601 6727117 466484 1325131 17366022 8518732 1791615 2013 2069/70 1352282 5529 12420346 2035124 2040000 16495470 1.21 9784845 6710625 6727117 -16492 1354529 17849999 8065155 1338038 2014 2070/71 1296608 5649 12689914 2238637 2040000 16968550 1.33 10312446 6656105 6727117 -71012 1383928 18352478 8040033 1312916 2015 2071/72 1147598 5769 12959482 2462501 2040000 17461982 1.46 10019451 7442531 6727117 715414 1413326 18875308 8855857 2128740 2016 2072/73 1171469 5889 13229050 2708751 2040000 17977800 1.61 11278672 6699128 6727117 -27989 1442724 19420525 8141852 1414735 2017 2073/74 1195340 6009 13498618 2979626 2040000 18518243 1.77 12652199 5866044 6727117 -861073 1472123 19990366 7338167 611050 2018 2074/75 1219211 6129 13768186 3277588 2040000 19085774 1.95 14217223 4868551 6727117 -1858566 1501521 20587295 6370072 -357045 2019 2075/76 1243082 6249 14037754 3605347 2040000 19683101 2.14 15907973 3775128 6727117 -2951989 1530920 21214020 5306047 -1421070 2020 2076/77 1266953 6369 14307322 3965882 2040000 20313203 2.36 17880259 2432944 6727117 -4294173 1560318 21873521 3993262 -2733855

Annex F- 8 page 20/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Mahendranagar Alternative -1 Alternative -2 30% Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/7 in Tariff/10 in Average in Increment Avg Tariff NRs NRs NRs Tap Numbers in FY 2067/681785 2371 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 170 each year Tap Numbers in Design Year 3323 Tap Increment @ 7% 60 85 87 78 113 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers 90 128 131 101 147 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM86 120 Other Income Growth @ 10% 120 170 174 132 191 Average Tariff 87 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 5.79 150 213 218 171 248 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 2266483 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 2191501 170 242 247 223 323 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)15967 NRW at Present (%) 51.9 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 1943566 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 45 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)3960 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 30 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 2486702

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 45 Utilization Managed 48.1 Alternatrive -1 0 Reduction 6.9 51.9 In NRS

Effective Net Income Total Net Income Tap Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Annual Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Connectio Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Water Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt n in No. Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Production Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 7% 247 10% 3960 5.79 2191501 2012 2068/69 692842 1910 5649632 17564 494802 6161998 1.1 4412709 1749289 2191501 -442212 810446 6972444 2559735 368234 2013 2069/70 700904 2044 6045106 19320 529438 6593865 1.21 4910462 1683402 2191501 -508099 867177 7461042 2550580 359079 2014 2070/71 687470 2187 6468264 21252 566499 7056015 1.33 5293999 1762015 2191501 -429486 927880 7983895 2689895 498394 2015 2071/72 630508 2340 6921042 23377 606154 7550573 1.46 5329937 2220636 2191501 29135 992831 8543405 3213468 1021967 2016 2072/73 674644 2504 7405515 25715 648584 8079815 1.61 6288961 1790854 2191501 -400647 1062330 9142144 2853184 661683 2017 2073/74 721869 2679 7923901 28287 693985 8646173 1.77 7397927 1248246 2191501 -943255 1136693 9782866 2384939 193438 2018 2074/75 772400 2866 8478574 31115 742564 9252254 1.95 8720777 531477 2191501 -1660024 1216261 10468515 1747738 -443763 2019 2075/76 826467 3067 9072075 34227 794544 9900845 2.14 10240428 -339583 2191501 -2531084 1301399 11202245 961817 -1229684 2020 2076/77 884320 3282 9707120 37649 850162 10594931 2.36 12083705 -1488774 2191501 -3680275 1392497 11987429 -96277 -2287778

Alternative 2 is based on tariff increment @ 30% every year Reduction Assumed 45 Utilization Managed 48.1 Aleternative -2 0 Reduction 6.9 51.9 In NRS

Effective Net Income Total Net Income Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Annual Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Water Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Production Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 7% 0 10% 3960 5.79 2191501 2012 2068/69 692842 1910 2592184 37649 494802 3124635 1.1 4412709 -1288073 2191501 -3479574 371852 3496487 -916222 -3107723 2013 2069/70 700904 2044 3605728 41414 529438 4176581 1.21 4910462 -733882 2191501 -2925383 517246 4693826 -216636 -2408137 2014 2070/71 687470 2187 5015568 45556 566499 5627622 1.33 5293999 333623 2191501 -1857878 719489 6347111 1053112 -1138389 2015 2071/72 630508 2340 6976655 50111 606154 7632920 1.46 5329937 2302983 2191501 111482 1000809 8633729 3303792 1112291 2016 2072/73 674644 2504 9704527 55122 648584 10408234 1.61 6288961 4119273 2191501 1927772 1392125 11800359 5511399 3319898 2017 2073/74 721869 2679 10383844 60635 693985 11138464 1.77 7397927 3740537 2191501 1549036 1489574 12628038 5230111 3038610 2018 2074/75 772400 2866 11110713 66698 742564 11919975 1.95 8720777 3199199 2191501 1007698 1593844 13513820 4793043 2601542 2019 2075/76 826467 3067 11888463 73368 794544 12756375 2.14 10240428 2515947 2191501 324446 1705414 14461788 4221360 2029859 2020 2076/77 884320 3282 12720655 80705 850162 13651522 2.36 12083705 1567817 2191501 -623684 1824793 15476314 3392609 1201108

Annex F- 8 page 21/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Parsa

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/8 in Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/682026 1934 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 125 NRs NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 3894 Tap Increment @ 7% 100 125 213 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers 130 162.5 277 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM125 Other Income Growth @ 10% 150 187.5 320 Average Tariff 213 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 5.59 170 212.5 362 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 6480691 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)1176220 NRW at Present (%) 18.6 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 2443980 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 15 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)7500 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 12 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 1380230

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 15 Utilization Managed 81.4 0 Reduction 3.6 18.6 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 7% 213 10% 7500 5.59 1380230 2012 2068/69 520721 2168 5540948 1293842 1063650 7898440 1.1 3201912 4696528 1380230 3316298 245054 8143494 4941583 3561353 2013 2069/70 550616 2320 5928814 1423226 1138106 8490146 1.21 3724313 4765833 1380230 3385603 262208 8752354 5028041 3647811 2014 2070/71 569074 2482 6343831 1565549 1217773 9127153 1.33 4230897 4896256 1380230 3516026 280563 9407716 5176819 3796589 2015 2071/72 608910 2656 6787899 1722104 1303017 9813020 1.46 4969554 4843466 1380230 3463236 300202 10113222 5143668 3763438 2016 2072/73 651533 2842 7263052 1894314 1394228 10551595 1.61 5863734 4687861 1380230 3307631 321216 10872811 5009077 3628847 2017 2073/74 697141 3040 7771466 2083745 1491824 11347036 1.77 6897718 4449318 1380230 3069088 343701 11690737 4793019 3412789 2018 2074/75 745940 3253 8315469 2292120 1596252 12203841 1.95 8131123 4072718 1380230 2692488 367760 12571601 4440478 3060248 2019 2075/76 798156 3481 8897552 2521332 1707989 13126873 2.14 9548023 3578850 1380230 2198620 393504 13520377 3972353 2592123 2020 2076/77 854027 3725 9520380 2773465 1827549 14121394 2.36 11266668 2854727 1380230 1474497 421049 14542443 3275775 1895545

Annex F- 8 page 22/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Prithivinarayan Alternative -1 Alternative - 2 20% Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Average Increment NRs NRs Tariff Tap Numbers in FY 2067/68 668 847 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 600 each year Tap Numbers in Design Year 1324 Tap Increment @ 300 380 360 456 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers 70 350 444 432 548 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM300 Other Income Growth @ 10% 375 476 518 657 Average Tariff 380 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 29.56 400 507 622 789 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 4237204 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 2037278 450 571 746 947 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)168076 NRW at Present (%) 43.4 500 634 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 3978678 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 40 550 697 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)27400 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 25 600 761 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 2311310

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 40 Utilization Managed 56.6 Alternative -1 70 Reduction 3.4 43.4 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 0% 761 10% 27400 29.56 2037278 2012 2068/69 169821 693 6326813 184884 685000 7196696 1.1 5521888 1674809 2037278 -362469 380056 7576752 2054865 17587 2013 2069/70 173184 763 6965885 203372 1918000 9087257 1.21 6194383 2892874 2037278 855596 418445 9505702 3311319 1274041 2014 2070/71 176067 833 7604957 223709 1918000 9746666 1.33 6922048 2824618 2037278 787340 456835 10203501 3281452 1244174 2015 2071/72 178566 903 8244029 246080 1918000 10408109 1.46 7706475 2701634 2037278 664356 495224 10903333 3196858 1159580 2016 2072/73 192802 973 8883101 270688 1918000 11071789 1.61 9175772 1896017 2037278 -141261 533614 11605403 2429631 392353 2017 2073/74 207039 1043 9522173 297757 1918000 11737930 1.77 10832519 905411 2037278 -1131867 572003 12309933 1477414 -559864 2018 2074/75 221275 1113 10161245 327533 1918000 12406777 1.95 12754749 -347971 2037278 -2385249 610393 13017170 262421 -1774857 2019 2075/76 235512 1183 10800317 360286 1918000 13078603 2.14 14898095 -1819492 2037278 -3856770 648782 13727385 -1170710 -3207988 2020 2076/77 249748 1253 11439389 396314 1918000 13753703 2.36 17422833 -3669130 2037278 -5706408 687172 14440875 -2981958 -5019236

Alternative 2 is based on tariff increment @ 20% each year Reduction Assumed 40 Utilization Managed 56.6 Alternative -2 70 Reduction 3.4 43.4 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Tap Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Connecti Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production on in No. Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses

CuM 0 10% 27400 29.56 2037278 2012 2068/69 169821 668 3659144 435946 0 4095090 1.1 5521888 -1426798 2037278 -3464076 219807 4314897 -1206991 -3244269 2013 2069/70 173184 738 4851104 479540 1918000 7248645 1.21 6194383 1054262 2037278 -983016 291409 7540054 1345671 -691607 2014 2070/71 176067 808 6373483 527494 1918000 8818978 1.33 6922048 1896929 2037278 -140349 382859 9201837 2279789 242511 2015 2071/72 178566 878 8310770 580244 1918000 10809014 1.46 7706475 3102539 2037278 1065261 499234 11308247 3601772 1564494 2016 2072/73 192802 948 10768032 638268 1918000 13324300 1.61 9175772 4148528 2037278 2111250 646843 13971143 4795371 2758093 2017 2073/74 207039 1018 11563139 702095 1918000 14183235 1.77 10832519 3350716 2037278 1313438 694606 14877840 4045321 2008043 2018 2074/75 221275 1088 12358247 772305 1918000 15048552 1.95 12754749 2293803 2037278 256525 742368 15790920 3036171 998893 2019 2075/76 235512 1158 13153355 849535 1918000 15920890 2.14 14898095 1022795 2037278 -1014483 790131 16711021 1812926 -224352 2020 2076/77 249748 1228 13948463 934489 1918000 16800952 2.36 17422833 -621881 2037278 -2659159 837894 17638845 216012 -1821266

Annex F- 8 page 23/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Ratnanagar

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/683220 5008 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 125 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 7536 Tap Increment @ 7% 100 174 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers 125 218 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM100 Other Income Growth @ 10% 150 261 Average Tariff 174 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 5.12 175 305 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 9029207 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 200 348 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)2260950 NRW at Present (%) 13.7 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 4792237 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 13 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)5500 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 12 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 4048692

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 13 Utilization Managed 86.3 0 Reduction 0.7 13.7 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 10% 218 10% 5500 5.12 4048692 2012 2068/69 891607 3542 9244620 2487045 1771000 13502665 1.1 5021530 8481135 4048692 4432443 74985 13577650 8556120 4507428 2013 2069/70 980768 3896 10169082 2735750 1948100 14852932 1.21 6076051 8776880 4048692 4728188 82484 14935415 8859364 4810672 2014 2070/71 1066585 4286 11185990 3009324 2142910 16338225 1.33 7263016 9075209 4048692 5026517 90732 16428957 9165941 5117249 2015 2071/72 1173243 4714 12304589 3310257 2357201 17972047 1.46 8770228 9201819 4048692 5153127 99805 18071853 9301625 5252933 2016 2072/73 1290568 5186 13535048 3641283 2592921 19769252 1.61 10638406 9130845 4048692 5082153 109786 19879038 9240631 5191939 2017 2073/74 1419624 5704 14888553 4005411 2852213 21746177 1.77 12865203 8880974 4048692 4832282 120765 21866942 9001738 4953046 2018 2074/75 1561587 6275 16377408 4405952 3137435 23920795 1.95 15590882 8329913 4048692 4281221 132841 24053636 8462754 4414062 2019 2075/76 1717745 6902 18015149 4846547 3451178 26312874 2.14 18820993 7491881 4048692 3443189 146125 26458999 7638007 3589315 2020 2076/77 1889520 7593 19816664 5331202 3796296 28944162 2.36 22831447 6112714 4048692 2064022 160738 29104899 6273452 2224760

Annex F- 8 page 24/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Sunawal

Received/Provided Data Assumptions Tariff/10 in Average in Tap Numbers in FY 2067/68975 4549 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 150 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 6857 Substantial numbers of Tap Increment needed 2000 100 104 Design Year in AD 2020 Thereafter, tap increment @ 10% 150 156 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM100 120 Other Income Growth @ 10% 175 182 Average Tariff 104 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 8.33 200 208 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 2337166 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 3428230 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)321941 NRW at Present (%) 60.5 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 2049173 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 50.0 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)7310 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 30 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 3888816

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 50 Utilization Managed 39.5 2000 Reduction 10.5 60.5 In NRS

Net Income Total Net Income Effective Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating after O & M AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M Number Growth Operating Service Income Income and Debt Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses with NRW Expenses CuM 10% 156 10% 7310 8.33 3428230 2012 2068/69 765689 2000 3744000 354135 7492750 11590885 1.1 7016007 4574878 3428230 1146648 995241 12586126 5570118 2141888 2013 2069/70 758032 2200 4118400 389549 1462000 5969949 1.21 7640432 -1670483 3428230 -5098713 1094765 7064713 -575719 -4003949 2014 2070/71 758032 2420 4530240 428503 1608200 6566943 1.33 8398161 -1831217 3428230 -5259447 1204241 7771184 -626976 -4055206 2015 2071/72 764349 2662 4983264 471354 1769020 7223638 1.46 9295859 -2072221 3428230 -5500451 1324665 8548303 -747556 -4175786 2016 2072/73 776108 2928 5481590 518489 1945922 7946002 1.61 10408619 -2462618 3428230 -5890848 1457132 9403133 -1005486 -4433716 2017 2073/74 853719 3221 6029749 570338 2140514 8740602 1.77 12587318 -3846716 3428230 -7274946 1602845 10343447 -2243871 -5672101 2018 2074/75 872013 3543 6632724 627372 2354566 9614662 1.95 14164542 -4549880 3428230 -7978110 1763129 11377791 -2786751 -6214981 2019 2075/76 959214 3897 7295997 690109 2590022 10576128 2.14 17099145 -6523017 3428230 -9951247 1939442 12515570 -4583574 -8011804 2020 2076/77 984793 4287 8025597 759120 2849024 11633741 2.36 19359854 -7726113 3428230 -11154343 2133386 13767127 -5592727 -9020957

Annex F- 8 page 25/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Surunga

Tariff/6 in Tariff/10 in Received/Provided Data Assumptions Average in NRs Tap Numbers in FY 2067/681489 1851 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 208 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 2552 Tap Increment @ 6% 72 120 161 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers 100 167 224 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM120 Other Income Growth @ 10% 125 208 280 Average Tariff 161 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 13.10 150 250 336 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 5626982 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 1630450 175 292 392 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)1461262 NRW at Present (%) 20.7 200 333 448 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 3243909 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 20 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)5700 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 15 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 2348666

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 20 Utilization Managed 79.3 0 Reduction 0.7 20.7 In NRS

Net Income Total Effective Average Tap Annual Annual Net Income Net Income Net Income after Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating AD FY Annual Water Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M O & M and Debt Number Growth Operating Service Income Income Production Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Expenses Expenses with NRW CuM 6% 280 10% 5700 NRs 13.10 NRs 1630450 NRs NRs NRs NRs NRs 2012 2068/69 319156 1578 5303222 1607388 509238 7419849 1.1 4599040 2820809 1630450 1190359 46813 7466661 2867622 1237172 2013 2069/70 338305 1673 5621416 1768127 539792 7929335 1.21 5362480 2566855 1630450 936405 49622 7978957 2616476 986026 2014 2070/71 337509 1773 5958701 1944940 572180 8475820 1.33 5880428 2595392 1630450 964942 52599 8528419 2647991 1017541 2015 2071/72 357760 1880 6316223 2139434 606511 9062167 1.46 6842519 2219648 1630450 589198 55755 9117922 2275403 644953 2016 2072/73 379226 1993 6695196 2353377 642901 9691474 1.61 7998248 1693226 1630450 62776 59100 9750574 1752326 121876 2017 2073/74 401979 2112 7096908 2588715 681475 10367098 1.77 9320692 1046406 1630450 -584044 62646 10429744 1109052 -521398 2018 2074/75 426098 2239 7522722 2847586 722364 11092672 1.95 10884672 208000 1630450 -1422450 66405 11159077 274405 -1356045 2019 2075/76 451664 2373 7974086 3132345 765706 11872136 2.14 12661944 -789808 1630450 -2420258 70389 11942525 -719418 -2349868 2020 2076/77 478764 2516 8452531 3445579 811648 12709758 2.36 14801457 -2091699 1630450 -3722149 74613 12784371 -2017087 -3647537

Annex F- 8 page 26/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Triyuga

Tariff/15 in Tariff/10 in Received/Provided Data Assumptions Average in NRs Tap Numbers in FY 2067/681065 4089 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 150 NRs NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 4497 Substantial numbers of Tap Increment needed 2000 150 100 158 Design Year in AD 2020 Thereafter, tap increment @ 7% 175 117 184 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM100 128 Other Income Growth @ 10% 200 133 210 Average Tariff158 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 4.57 225 150 236 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 3387481 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) 3849975 250 167 263 *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)276920 NRW at Present (%) 88.8 275 183 289 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 3539897 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 60.0 300 200 315 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)8455 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 35 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 4372964

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 60.0 Utilization Managed 11.2 2000 Reduction 28.8 88.8 In NRS

Net Income Total Effective Average Other Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Net Income Tap after Debt NRW Operating AD FY Annual Water Tariff Income Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M after O & M and Number Operating Service Income Income Production Income Growth Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Debt Expenses Expenses with NRW CuM 7% 236 10% 8455 4.57 3849975 2012 2068/69 743383 2000 5670000 304612 7905425 13880037 1.1 3736988 10143049 3849975 6293074 14580000 28460037 24723049 20873074 2013 2069/70 668153 2140 6066900 335073 1183700 7585673 1.21 3694685 3890988 3849975 41013 15600600 23186273 19491588 15641613 2014 2070/71 714924 2290 6491583 368581 1266559 8126723 1.33 4345377 3781345 3849975 -68630 16692642 24819365 20473987 16624012 2015 2071/72 637474 2450 6945994 405439 1355218 8706651 1.46 4253351 4453299 3849975 603324 17861127 26567777 22314426 18464451 2016 2072/73 629628 2622 7432213 445982 1450083 9328279 1.61 4632612 4695667 3849975 845692 19111406 28439685 23807073 19957098 2017 2073/74 673702 2805 7952468 490581 1551589 9994638 1.77 5449506 4545133 3849975 695158 20449204 30443842 24994337 21144362 2018 2074/75 720861 3001 8509141 539639 1660200 10708980 1.95 6423951 4285029 3849975 435054 21880649 32589629 26165678 22315703 2019 2075/76 771321 3212 9104781 593603 1776415 11474798 2.14 7543366 3931432 3849975 81457 23412294 34887092 27343726 23493751 2020 2076/77 825314 3212 9106020 652963 3695 9762678 2.36 8901172 861506 3849975 -2988469 23415480 33178158 24276986 20427011

Annex F- 8 page 27/28 Annex F- 8: Finanacial Projection Worksheet of Tulsipur

Tariff/10 in Received/Provided Data Assumptions Average in NRs Tap Numbers in FY 2067/684109 6642 Minimum Tariff Adjustment for 10 CuM 100 NRs Tap Numbers in Design Year 9150 Tap Increment @ 9% 100 157 Design Year in AD 2020 Tap connection each year in numbers 125 196 Minimum Tariff for 10 CuM100 120 Other Income Growth @ 10% 150 236 Average Tariff 157 Unit Gross Production Cost in NRs/CuM 4.91 200 314 Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 11689648 Debt Installment in NRs (After Reschedulling) *Other Income for FY 2067/68 (NRs)1520113 NRW at Present (%) 57.2 Expense for FY 2067/68 (NRs) 5542156 NRW Reudction in Present Situation (%) 50 Tap Connection Charges (NRs)11500 NRW Reduction after Investment (%) 30 Debt Installment in NRs (Present) 5739174

* Other income is: Operating Income - Water Sale Income - Connection Charge Income Reduction Assumed 50 Utilization Managed 42.8 0 Reduction 7.2 57.2 In NRS

Effective Net Income Total Average Tap Total Annual Net Income Net Income Net Income Annual Tap Other Income after Debt NRW Operating AD FY Tariff Connection Operating Inflation Operating after O & M after O & M after O & M and Water Number Growth Operating Service Income Income Income Charges Income Expenses Debt Service Expenses Debt Expenses Production Expenses with NRW CuM 9% 157 10% 11500 4.91 5739174 2012 2068/69 1816406 4479 8438078 1672124 4252815 14363017 1.1 9810410 4552607 5739174 -1186567 1419490 15782507 5972097 232923 2013 2069/70 1781895 4882 9197505 1839337 4635568 15672410 1.21 10586414 5085996 5739174 -653178 1547244 17219654 6633240 894066 2014 2070/71 1618554 5321 10025281 2023270 5052770 17101320 1.33 10569645 6531676 5739174 792502 1686496 18787816 8218172 2478998 2015 2071/72 1512192 5800 10927556 2225597 5507519 18660672 1.46 10840300 7820372 5739174 2081198 1838280 20498952 9658652 3919478 2016 2072/73 1648289 6322 11911036 2448157 6003195 20362388 1.61 13029892 7332496 5739174 1593322 2003726 22366114 9336222 3597048 2017 2073/74 1796635 6891 12983029 2692973 6543483 22219485 1.77 15614019 6605465 5739174 866291 2184061 24403546 8789526 3050352 2018 2074/75 1958333 7511 14151502 2962270 7132397 24246168 1.95 18750056 5496113 5739174 -243061 2380626 26626795 7876739 2137565 2019 2075/76 2134583 8187 15425137 3258497 7774312 26457946 2.14 22428913 4029034 5739174 -1710140 2594883 29052829 6623916 884742 2020 2076/77 2326695 9050 17050200 3584347 9919441 30553988 2.36 26960811 3593177 5739174 -2145997 2868258 33422246 6461435 722261

Annex F- 8 page 28/28