Julien C) Roderic D) William II
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INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and w h itephotographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Accessing the World'sUMI Information since 1938 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8824569 The architecture of Firuz Shah Tughluq McKibben, William Jeffrey, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by McKibben, William Jeflfrey. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. -
M in D O\J£K Hat-Tei^
M in d o\J£K H a t - t e i ^ wO £ s ($L ■ • { ^ J ^ A x QJLa ACOj Vfl/vU<vva; I u d d ttu j J\I<Uo fkX l\L, j 2 -0 0 ^ J _y ( Two Indian Theorists of the State Barani and Abu'l Fazl Irfan Habib The pre-modern Indian state has been the subject of discussion in much recent writing, the various theories ranging from the concept of Oriental Despotism to that of Segmentary State. The state’s taxation capacities, the extent of centralized control, and the degree of systematic administration tend to be assessed and re assessed. While these concerns were generally not present in medieval writings on the state (except for the role of despotic authority), there were at least two writers, who, some two and a half centuries apart, provided reflections sufficient in scope and consistency to be given the designation of ‘theories’. I propose to deal with them separately, since their premises and conclusions appear in sharp contrast to each other. At the end, I would try to sum up what these contrasts tell us about both the circumstances of the times and the intellectual traditions which produced them. I . Barani has been much studied and commented upon as a historian, and since the work of Mohammad Habib and Afsar Khan in the 1950’s,1 his position as a political theorist has also been recognized. The following pages thus partly represent the re-visiting of explored ground; such verification may perhaps perform some service, even where it confirms what was previously known; and, therefore, one may proceed to one’s task without a long apology. -
Ba Islamic History
Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam (A Government Autonomous College) Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam Under Graduate Programme in Islamic History 2020 Admission Onwards Board of Studies in Islamic History Sl. Name of Member Designation No. 1 Sri. I K Jayadev, Associate Professor Chairman, BoS Islamic History 2 Dr. A B Aliyar External Member 3 Sri. Anil Kumar External Member 4 Dr. Muhammad Riyaz V B External Member [Industry] 5 Sri. K U Bava External Member [Alumni] 6 Sri. Muhammad Ali Jinnah Sahib I Internal Member 7 Dr.Shajila Beevi S Internal Member 8 Dr. Salooja M S Internal Member 9 Sri. Ajmal P A Internal Member 10 Smt. Subida M D Internal Member 11 Smt. Sheeja O Internal Member MAHARAJA'S COLLEGE, ERNAKULAM (A GOVERNMENT AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE) REGULATIONS FOR UNDER GRADUATE PROGRAMMES UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM 2020 1. TITLE 1.1. These regulations shall be called “MAHARAJA'S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) REGULATIONS FOR UNDER GRADUATE PROGRAMMESUNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM 2020” 2. SCOPE 2.1 Applicable to all regular Under Graduate Programmes conducted by the Maharaja's College with effect from 2020 admissions 2.2 Medium of instruction is English except in the case of language courses other than English unless otherwise stated therein. 2.3 The provisions herein supersede all the existing regulations for the undergraduate programmes to the extent herein prescribed. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1. ‘Academic Week’ is a unit of five working days in which the distribution of work is organized from day one to day five, with five contact hours of one hour duration on each day. -
1 Component-I
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Dr. Krishnendu Ray Dept. of AIHC, University of Calcutta. Dr. Swati Biswas Dept. of IHC, University of Calcutta. Prof. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. 1 Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Economic History of India (from the Earliest Time Paper Name to 1707 AD) Delhi Sultanate : Agrarian Taxation and the Module Name/Title currency System Module Id IC / EHI / 23 Pre requisites To know the Evolution of the tax system introduced by the Delhi Sultanate, the Objectives implementation of the new tax system, the features of the currency system of the Delhi Sultanate and the types of coins and heir value Keywords Delhi Sultanate / Tax System / Currency System E-Text (Quadrant-I): 1. Agrarian Taxation There is no reference which clearly states as to how the agricultural surplus was appropriated by the state before the Ghorian states. It is difficult to ascertain how it was exacted from the primary producers in the form of landowners claim or as taxes. The inscription gives the name of a number of taxes. The nature of it is not known though. The share of the produce is all the more difficult to ascertain. With the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate the older system was not immediately changed. The new rulers superimposed their demands on the existing system. The ruling class of the older regime paid the demand as tributes. Thus initially there are very little information as to how much was extracted from the peasantry. In the rebellious territories or mawasat such arrangements could not be made. -
Gandhi and Frontier Gandhi
Gandhi and Frontier Gandhi blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2015/01/31/gandhi-and-frontier-gandhi/ 2015-1-31 Frontier Gandhi died on 20 January 1988, 40 years after Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Their relationship – both personal and political – holds profound lessons for the world today. The Pathans (or Pashtuns) of the North West Frontier are regarded as a warrior people. Yet in the inter-war years there arose a Muslim movement, the Khudai Khidmatgar, which drew its inspiration from Gandhian principles of non-violent action and was dedicated to an Indian nationalism. On the anniversary of the death of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, founder of the Khudai, Mukulika Banerjee reflects on the legacy of this unique movement among that challenged traditional perceptions of wild and “hot-headed” Pashtuns and their relationship with Gandhi. “In the winter of 1988 an elderly Pathan, Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, died aged 98. Growing up in Delhi I had witnessed over the previous years a long succession of obituaries and funerals as more or less celebrated veterans of the independence struggle had passed on to their final reward. Yet none had seemed to provoke either the genuine sentiment or wave of media coverage which accompanied Gaffar Khan’s final illness and death. Editorials eulogised him without fear of contradiction as the ‘greatest non-violent soldier of Islam’ and ‘one of the greatest nationalist leaders who claimed the loyalty of thousands of non-violent Pathans’. We were told that to his followers, far away in the North West Frontier, he had come to be known as ‘Badshah’ Khan, meaning emperor or khan of khans. -
Dr. Md. Neyaz Hussain
DR. MD.NEYAZ HUSSAIN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HOD PG DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY MAHARAJA COLLEGE, VKSU, ARA(BIHAR) Barani was an eminent scholar and had written numerous valuable books. The two most well known his works are Tarikh-i-Firozshahi and Fatwa-i-Jahandari, which provide valuable information about the history of that period. He completed his work Tarikh-i-Firozshahi in 1357 and dedicated to the ruling sovereign Firozshah . His other historical work Fatwa-i-Jahandari which he completed after Tarikh-i- Firozshahi analyses the qualities, virtues and talents that a good monarch should possess. He also describes the principles of administration and ideals of government and illustrates them by examples from the history of Iran and other Muslim countries. Barani held that his work was superior to the work of earlier writers. Barani, the first Indian Muslim to compose a history of India as well as connected with the ruling circles of Delhi. As an eye witness of some events and with easy access to the court he had ample opportunity of knowing the accurate details. Barani was the historian who always deals with the king and his administrative success and failures . As professor John Dowson welcome the approach of Barani rather than earlier Muslim writers. He says’ yet has a care for matters besides the interests of his religion and them warlike exploits of the sovereign representatives of his faith’. He freely criticize the action and characters of the kings and great men of the time dealing out his praises and censures in no uncertain terms. Apart from the above two famous eminent writings, he wrote many other valuable books on various subjects (1) Sanai-i- Muhammadi (2) Salat-i- Kabir (3) Enayatnamah-i-Elahi (4) Maasir -i-Saadat (5) Hasrat Namah (6) Tarikh-i-Barmikia Sana-i-Muhammadi deals with the prophet Muhammad and his life. -
MPSE-004 Social and Political Thoughts
MPSE-004 Social and Political Thoughts POLITICAL THOUGHT INDIA: THE DIVERSE STRANDS Structure 1.1 Jntroductioti 1.2 State and Sovereignty in Ancient India 1.3 State and Sovereignty in Medieval India 1.4 Religion and Polity l .S Summary 1.6 Exercises 1 .I INTRODUCTION To understand ~nodcrnIndian political thought, it is essential to have a broad view of the historical processes through which the modern polity has emerged. We have civilisation which is comparable with the Grcek civilisation and as Plato and Aristotle are considered as the pionecrs of westcrn political tradition, so are our ancient and medicval texts on statecraft. Whether it is tlie concept of monarchy, republicanism, council of ~ninisters,welfare state, diplomacy, espionage syste~nor any other political concept/inslitutio11isitutioi which is known in 111odet-npolitical parlance, all tliese Iiave refercnces in our early political traditions. Stale, society and governance are interlinked to each other. If we look at our past we will find that there was a rime when people used to live in small groups based on kinship ties and there was no need felt for a11 authority to coiltroi people's life. But with the growth of population atid claslics between groups of people, the need was felt for an authority wlio would provide the rcquired protection to his people and whose order would be obeyed by all. With the coming of groups of peoplc together, society came into existeilce which was followed by the emergence of state aiid the art of governance. So in a way we can say that individual nceds led to tlie c~licrgc~~ceof society and it is the collective need of the society which in turn led to tlic forn~ulationof various structures and theories related to state and governance. -
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan - Early Years, Partition, Arrest and Exile
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan - Early Years, Partition, Arrest and Exile Abdul Beber Ghaffar Khan, also known as Bacha Khan, was a Pashtun independence activist who campaigned to end the rule of the British Raj in India. For his adherence to pacifism and close association with Mahatma Gandhi, he earned the nickname “Frontier Gandhi”, He founded the Khudai Khidmatgar (“Servants of God”) movement in 1929. The success of the movement earned him and his supporters a harsh crackdown from the British Raj, suffering some of the worst repression of the Indian Independence Struggle. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan - Early Years Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was born on 6 February 1890 into a prosperous landowning Pashtun family from Utmanzai in the Peshawar Valley of British India. At the age of 20 in 1910 Khan opened a mosque school in his home town. But the British authorities forcefully closed down his school in 1915, because they believed that it was a centre of anti-British activities. Their accusation was on the basis that Khan had joined the Pashtun independence movement of activist Haji Sahib of Turangazi, who himself was responsible for fomenting many anti-establishment activities against the British Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan - Khudai Khidmatgar Initially, Bacha Khan's goal was to wok towards the social upliftment of the Pashtuns as he had realised that they will remain backwards due to the lack of education and centuries of blood feuds between various Pashtun families. In time, he worked towards the formation of a united, independent, secular India. To achieve this end, he founded the Khudai Khidmatgar ("Servants of God"), commonly known as the "Red Shirts" (Surkh Pōsh), during the 1920s. -
KAGK Memorial Lecture II Husain Haqqani
SecondSecond Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan MemorialMemorial Lecture Re-imagining Pakistan Husain Haqqani Former Ambassador of Pakistan to the United States Director, South & Central Asia, Hudson Institute Washington D.C Centre for Pakistan Studies MMAJ Academy of International Studies Jamia Millia Islamia The Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Memorial Lecture instituted by the Centre for Pakistan Studies, MMAJ Academy of International Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi in the memory of the legendary figure Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is an initiative to propagate the values he stood for. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the great Pashtun leader is still remembered in India for his role in the national movement. The values he stood for still remain relevant for contemporary times. Born in Peshawar, North- West Frontier Province in 1890, he is known for his non-violent opposition to British rule during the final years of the Empire on the Indian sub-continent. In his early career, he wanted to uplift his fellow Pashtuns through the means of education. It was during his tireless work to organise and raise the consciousness of the Pashtuns that he came to be known as Badshah Khan, the ‘King of Chiefs.’ A lifelong pacifist and a follower of Mahatma Gandhi, he also came to be known as the ‘Frontier Gandhi.’ He was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence and forged a close, spiritual, and personal friendship with him. In 1929, he founded the Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of God) known as the Red Shirt Movement among the Pashtuns. The Khudai Khidmatgar was founded on a belief in the power of Gandhi’s notion of Satyagraha. -
Futuhus Salatin and Tarikh-I- Firujshahi; Two Great Works of the Sultanate Period, a Critical Study
Zeichen Journal ISSN No: 0932-4747 Title: Futuhus Salatin and Tarikh-i- FirujShahi; Two great Works of the Sultanate Period, A critical Study. 1* Dr Md Baharul Ali 2 Dr Begum Ayesha Sultana Laskar 1 Department of Persian Assistant Professor Gauhati University, Assam, India 2 Dr Begum Ayesha Sultana Laskar Assistant Professor, Gurucharan College Silchar, Cachar, Assam, India Abstract: Historiography is such a domain of human knowledge where the Muslims contributed a lot due to their interest in the field. While taking in to account Muslim historiography, there are two prominent schools, the first one is the Arab historiography and the second one is that of the Persian historiography. In India starting from the establishment of the Muslim rule in the beginning of the 13th century to the fall of the great Mughal Empire the scholars took up the tradition of Persian historiography and contributed a large number of historical documents. The scholars who came from Central Asia and Persia enriched the historical literature in the India soil by writing the histories of the Sulatans and the Badshahs. To achieve fame for themselves, pleasing their patrons, for the edification of their contemporaries and the future generation, for preserving the memory of the achievements of the Muslim rulers, etc were some of the reasons which attracted the writers to write histories. Although from 12th to the first half of the 16th century less number of historical books were written in comparison to the books in the fields of religion, philosophy and other subjects, yet they are very much important to deal with the historical events and consequences of that time. -
Khudai Khidmatgar Movement and Independence Movement
Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 19, Number 3, 2016 Interplay of Two Socio-Political Movements: Khudai Khidmatgar Movement and Independence Movement Nauman Reayat Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan Anwar-ul-Mujahid Shah Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Pakistan Usman Ali Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan INTRODUCTION The North West Frontier Province lies in the North of Pakistan, with Afghanistan to its West, Punjab and Kashmir to its East, and Baluchistan to its South. The region “designated” by the colonial rulers of India as the North-West Frontier Province has played a significant role in the making of Indian history. From the annexation of the Punjab in 1849 until 1901, the Pashto-Speaking Frontier districts of Peshawar, Kohat, Banu, Hazara and Dera Ismail Khan remained within Punjab province. The Punjab had also control over the border tracts of Malakand, Khyber, Kurram, North Waziristan and South Waziristan. Lord Curzon the Viceroy of India had the knowledge of the area. He was well aware of the fact that for better administration, NWFP should be separated from the Punjab. Thus, as a result of Curzon’s initiative, on 9th November, 1901 the North West Province came into being(Bakhsi, 1992). The Khudai Khidmatgar movement emerged as strong political force in NWFP. It was founded by Abdul Ghaffar Khan commonly known as Bacha Khan. He was born in 1890 at Utmanzai (Charsada) in the Peshawar district. He was the fourth child of his parents(ibid). His father Bahram Khan was a well-to-do landowner of Mohammadzai clan. He received his early education in Peshawar. -
India Or Pakistan?.Docx
India or Pakistan? Muslim Ideas of the Nation in Twentieth-CenturySouth Asia Dr Amar Sohal Lent 2022 Exploring ideas of religion, minority and secularism that helped to found India and Pakistan, this course traces competing visions of a Muslim future during the formative phase of modern Indian political thought. Taking an intellectual history approach to the years prior to, and shortly after, independence and Partition in 1947, it focuses mainly on the ideas of five leading actor-thinkers: the universalist poet-philospher Muhammad Iqbal; the Kashmiri nationalist Sheikh Abdullah; the lawyer-politician Mohammad Ali Jinnah; the Urdu writer and Sunni theologian Abul Kalam Azad; and the nonviolent Pashtun activist Abdul Ghaffar Khan. Students will put the ideas of these five thinkers in dialogue with their equally influential contemporaries; these include the Congress leaders Jawaharlal Nehru and M. K. Gandhi, as well as the father of Hindu nationalism V. D. Savarkar and the Dalit activist B. R. Ambedkar. Elevated to the foremost unit of social organisation by the British colonial state, religion took on a peculiar political meaning as representative government was steadily devolved to Indians over the course of the twentieth century. In short, religion served to name an almost static structural problem between majorities and minorities—both nationally, and in the various regions of this linguistically diverse country. Our set of thinker-politicians, and their interlocutors, confronted this problem in different, creative ways; the implications of which are more than evident in the present-day politics of India and Pakistan. While some thinkers (Muslim, Hindu and Dalit) sought to constitutionalise the division between communities for a peaceful independent future, others associated with secular Indian nationalism tried to offset or even destroy the political importance of religion.