Churn in the further education sector: a timeline of policy, structural and personnel changes

Industrial Training Employment and Employment and Further and Higher Learning and Further Education and ‘Employer Act 1964 Training Act 1973 Training Act 1981 Education Act 1992 Skills Act 2000 Training Act 2007 Ownership of Skills: Building the Policy ‘Further Education: Raising Momentum’ White Skills, Improving Life Paper 2013 Chances’ White Paper 2007 Post–16 ‘14–19 Education and Skills Act 2008 Skills Plan Education 2016 and Skills’ ‘Strategy for the Future of White Paper Apprenticeships’ White Paper 2008 2005 Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009

Youth Opportunities Youth Training General National Vocational Independent Learning Train 2 Gain Programme–led 1978 Scheme 1983 Qualifications 1992 Accounts 2000 2006 Apprenticeships 2009

National Vocational Youth Training 1989 Modern Applied GCEs 2005 Traineeships 2013 Qualifications 1986 Apprenticeships 1994

Programme Advanced Vocational Certificate Advanced Diploma 2008 TechBacc 2014 of Education 2000

Industry Training Further Education Funding Regional Jobcentre Plus National Young People’s Education Funding Boards 1964–83 Council 1992–2000 Development 2001–Present Apprentice– Learning Agency 2012–Present Agencies ship Service Agency 1998–2010 2008– 2010–2012 Manpower Services Training Training and Enterprise Present Commission 1973–87 Commission Councils 1990–2000 1988–88 Learning Skills Funding Agency 2010–Present and Skills

Organisation Council/ Training Chambers of Local Sector Skills Development UK Commission for Employment Institute for Agency Commerce, Training and Learning Agency 2002–2008 and Skills 2008–Present Apprenticeships 1988–90 Enterprise 1995–2000 and Skills 2017 Councils 2000–10 Sector Skills Councils Local Enterprise 140+ Industry Training National Training 2002–Present Partnerships 2008–Present Organisations 1988–94 National Colleges Organisation 1994–2002 Training for Business 2016– Standards Present Council National Council for Vocational 2000– Qualifications 1986–97 Present

Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency 1997–2011

Department of Department Department of Department of Department of Department Education and of Education Education and Education and Skills Children, Schools of Education Science 1964–92 1992–95 Employment 2001–07 and Families 2010–Present 2007–10 1995–2001

Department of Department of Department Department Department for of Innovation, Department Employment Employment for Business, Business, Energy and Universities & Industrial 1970–95 and Skills Innovation & Productivity Strategy 2016–

2007–09 Skills 2009–15 1968–70 Present

Quintin Hogg 1964 Margaret Thatcher Eric Varley 1975–79 Patrick Jenkin 1981–83 Michael Howard 1990–92 Estelle Morris 2001–02 Nicky Morgan 2014–16 1970–74

Michael Stewart 1964–65 Fred Mullay 1975–76 Keith Joseph 1981–86 Gillian Shepherd 1992–93 Charles Clarke 2001–02 Sajid Javid 2015–16 Maurice

Personnel* Macmillan Anthony Crosland 1965–67 1972–73 Albert Booth 1976–79 Tom King 1983–85 John Patten 1992–94 Ruth Kelly 2004–06 Justine Greening 2016–present

Lord Young 1985–87 David Hunt 1993–94 Alan Johnson 2006–07 Patrick Gordon Shirley Williams 1976–79 Walker 1967–68 William Whitelaw 1973–74 Mark Carlisle 1979–81 Kenneth Baker 1986–89 Michael Portillo 1994–95 John Denham 2007–09 Edward Short 1968–70 Tony Benn 1974–75 Keith Joseph 1979–81 Norman Fowler 1987–87 Gillian Shepherd 1994–95 Lord Mandelson 2009–10 Barbara Castle 1968–70 Michael Foot 1974–76 James Prior 1979–81 John MacGregor 1989–90 Gillian Shepherd 1995–97 Michael Gove 2010–14

Robert Carr 1970–72 Reginald Prentice 1974–75 Norman Tebbit 1981–83 Kenneth Clarke 1990–92 David Blunkett 1997–2001 Vince Cable 2010–15

General elections 1964 1970 1974 1979 1983 1988 1992 1997 2001 2005 2010 2015

Personnel/Department key: Education and Science Employment Employment and Industry Education Education and Education and Skills Innovation, Business, Innovation * Secretary of State unless otherwise stated. Productivity Employment Universities and Skills & Skills

Timeline key: Governing party Conservative Labour Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition © Institute for Government 2017