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Brains Behind Barbed Wire

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University of Central Florida STARS PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements 1-1-1934 Brains behind barbed wire Bund Proletarisch Revolutionärer Schriftsteller Deutschlands Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Book is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Bund Proletarisch Revolutionärer Schriftsteller Deutschlands, "Brains behind barbed wire" (1934). PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements. 160. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism/160 ~ARBEDWIRE d CoICective wort by €be Associrrtion of Pr01etlsrin.p~Revblt6- ti~caryWriters of Germmy (Bwd &ariscb-d&bamm 3cbtjfhteh STATEMENT Regard- of their pofitkal viewa, the following dselara tht d~umePtto be of decisive importance for intelicctual libenrim: Frawe: ROMAM ROLLAND HJNRY BAR3USSE ANDRE GIDE Emglad: lLIMI OmAHxRTY LANCELOT HOGBBN LauRENCB HOUW CONSTANT LMdBERT NAOMI MlTCHISON Aa~stria: ~~R JuLlus TANDLER Switzerland: HANS MxmLIsTrn JOSEPH WmKIlUTCH DR. W. ROBINSON wm ADMC Uvaw GlwIuAN ROGER BALD- GEORGE SlLIdIt PAUL PETERS MAmimBT SAPYGBlt JwIKW DdSSOS FREDA KIIlcHwEY PIIOmsmR A. J. WN GRIINYZLW! HICKS PRO~RHARRY SLOCHOWER CONTENTS STATEMENT.. .. I~ODUCTZON.. Wmms .. .. smmm .. .. DOCTORS .. , .. .. AmmEYS .. , .. SOWIEESOF THE FUTURE. 'BUC~TORS.. .. .. .. INTRODUCTION coymfmwhomd~~~ofprogr~,&e,audh~ V@-art morc than dle, ~onvcnient resting phfor nos- A. WeSpealr to you who, d over the world, in everyday life, fight against liw and wrrpidirg, a@st ttat wild ptcpar~thfor war, and against all that which seeka hghviohnccandsu~toarrmpr~. "weapePfrto~otld&youto~.u Tht &vt authors did not wish to matt mete Mphpitp for thdr A- h tormented and pmcuted and rnurded by German Fascism. B&ctivt onian~thtPimoftfieirmi~thehoaestaaiDnsuggestcdin&d~lines -- -- Warning and &&mtbn are thc h&tr aims. Implicit in every fine t the sub-to ya~readers, in tbt dcmouscic~of the world, m may un- h you join ta+t to dtit impamble. No one who has liwd 8nd wdrltcd ia Germany can subdh to tHt idea that the nC;ermnn people" am bahrians by or backward, any more than are he "Am& people!' The tEstme of Brains Behind Barbtd Wire is neither fa- not far 08. Trra re5 ugitrrt.it COW- yourself! Un& this motto the rep& was prcpacd and bad. Thefw#sof~imandrcaatonand~v~whichhvcd their ultimate adhd concmttadoa in the att not cddto Ger- many. Here in hrb,they arc at WOK& supported, aa they were in Getmany, by powerfut and rudrlcss interem. Every week brinp fresh evidence of the adf- nrsured activity in our midst of the known represe~~eativesand pmpgandh of & particular brand of Fascim which put tbese bains behind barbed wire and & ground. Tht native forces of reaceion are alI present, Mused, ldd, and Pmwphws aa yet, but concentrating undtt the itgucnce of the same eonditiam of chronic cEonormic breakdorm, prt ring ta cry& into forma no less feeroeiws and hrhoscor~mun.~~.nd*fudn~ Tbc folcg ate -ring here, in Englad, in Fdthe "great ha- dcs of the worId." Thwe writtrs-mcompromismg fighters with && peag and tala-have Lamed the right: to teU& wlleaps and readers in the rcst of the WOK& how great- is the danger, and from which directim it cmea, and how it ia to be combatted. #We . who did not permit onrsclves to h IuIled to deep by the spedoua contiat, demmracy-fdm, we, who prophesized for pan what has now taken plact, were fought with mmorabip and imprimnment? They were objacts of d&, scorn, and &cats. They were cslled t9tt.emists ad &ern fat die. But now dey arc not 4 Culture h whhg to do with @tics. The intdtcctd wmke shod nd mix kt @ikd =ffdr~., against wrch faeih p~adtu&, argued ad worked the hnworkera who wmte this pamphlet, and my-of thOBt wkfa* arc de #tibtd in it. Now, for 9 oo sce with terrible &hmas, is that "plib"bas wtrpthing to do with culture, and the intcktual worker bas #erg tepsw to eon- ~etnhima& ia deadly and &- with the drift of pdi&aI aEoirs. Fot~.~thebloodyfipgoff~,~iDhuman~toflrborha- ~~te~inrhedtstnrctiomofddturaI~din&txocrmiaa- tioa of all tkWd who dared to think through to the b of h demoerocy..." Itt~y~ropointoutthprthc~b#ertpacttd~thased Mdof maay diffutnt phial belitfs and dihtians: ppafis~ dehhof -, dm,d, tommmka, md epea the vPho wouldbe&hdI"libetalsP F~didaooeonfirteitsom~rtohte"Manr- id,not to tht Jm. Amcrng the twmty-odd ma which fdh, are mm wko were by bkeh and -try Rurtcstanh CattwIii Jerw; who were by coaviedoa b thialrets, &, agnhdch, or what na t*mintothedelibera&~~bytkN~itdo# no aonfinc ieat to Hitlcciee mismamea and mionof jtws. For did pms- cutiw, though dyfew and ddkatcly ia onlg pan of a hgm of qmmh, tmor, and mihatiation u;bich is an partofthc Nazi dktaaw$lip on Mf of the armamcat industty htht~~~ftbis~~$oing ~&~~ 'The mart the former mam napport of the fasdg government dwidm away as a -It of the eeIf-qmmrc of wcksocisl snd natiodic hngogp of the Hiderite leaden, the more doea the f& diatorsbip haw to dqmd on polig ita murk, pdtcntiariea and conmuation camp and naked, brutal violtaot w the last mrt. Tbe fight between Natid kidh and the chdhas &tad in numuoua victims among the miae and lower clergy who today 6U the concentration camps The W'al dmof the Storm Tmp pnga is vented on theae clergpmen and prim just aa om the Jewa and Mb" For tbem all, protat must be Mdt, ~~~tfful, rcpcptd pw. To itxipire this vt,ad ckr matetiof aid for the mhtdl now tomend to~tyWHitk~ahhdwrke,isdedicotwt&pampbl,etd&lPborr of dl wfw have Mp#t tn make i~ HBRBm A. KLHPr MUINS BE'HIND BARBED WIRE M 0 N G those who recognized most clearly that the road followed A by the Geman Republic led to the bitter end of Fascism, were many German writers, These were persecuted by the venal reactionary majority of their fellow writers, no less than by the state officials. They were criticized with condescending patronage or arrogantly neglected by the professional literary critics. They were slandered and threatened by the Nazis as "traitors to Germanic Culture." Yet in the face of all this they fwght their fight for freedom of mind and freedom for artistic work. The stupid auto da fe, which was carried out May ~oth,1933, in all the cities of Germany, this destruction of hundreds of books labeled "un- German" by the Nazis, was the conclusion of a development for years pst dearly visible to the eyes of. those who would see. Many, very many, of the middle class authors whose works were burned had fought for years against those who contended there was no choice but socialism or decline into barbarity. And when, not only Communists, but dso ivory towered estetes and moderate, middle of the road, democrats were banned or consigned to the fire-this constituted a bitter justification for those writers who had recognized the social function of all art and had decided for themselves to carry out, regardless, the social tasks which the awaken- ing working class demanded of art. No fewer than 132 writers were removed from public libraries as "un-German." Many of these authors emigrated to foreign countries, and even today cannot understand what has happened to them. Others, how- ever, carry on the fight for the workers, side by side with the workers. Many are incarcerated in prisons and concentration camps. CARL VON OSSIEIZKI When complaints were made that the calibre of German political pub- licists was low as compared with the journalistic cuIture of other countries, when their superficiality and prejudice was criticized--there was always one name excepted from such reproacheAr1 von Ossietzky. In the person of this man the last eminent publicist of German bourgeois culture is exposed ta the cruelties of his jailors in the notorious Sonnenburg con- centration camp. In twenty years of political activity Carl von Ossietzki remained stead- fastly true to himself. In the Welt am Mmtagi in the Berline~Valks- sdtu~~g,in the TagsblccL, and finally in t* Wc~lthsh~,Car1 von Ossietski was always the one who made the publiation worthy of king read, the one whose uncompromising selection, whose discipline of language and clean cut thought became example and standard. The politicaI jbumalism of the German Republic is unthinkable without Carl von Ossietzki. 6 a It was he who devoted himself and his reputation to exposing the fearful "Feme" murders carried on by the reactionaries in Germany. It was he, first of all, who dared to trace out and tear the deviM.threads of underground German military policy, He was the head of the iindepen- dent jury of referees which investigated the events of May xst, 1psg.1 In the battle against the political partiality of German justice, hc fought in the f~onfrank. The criminal, secret anments for the war which was to be ford on the German people by their generals, had in him adversary who did not fear to drag them inko the light and sdcto desrrby them. On hardly any other German citizen was vented swh a 0ood of dander and abuse. Courts of the Republic handed down sentences against him beaux be called murder by its right name even when it was tolerated and approved by mmhof the General St& of the Reiehswehr (German Army). He wanted-d this should be, must be, said in connection with the German tragedy4 clean, just, pace-loving and socially constructive middle class dm-, These are demands which cannot be realid on this earth, because one excludes the other.
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    Anti-Nazi Exiles German Socialists in Britain and their Shifting Alliances 1933-1945 by Merilyn Moos Anti-Nazi Exiles German Socialists in Britain and their Shifting Alliances 1933-1945 by Merilyn Moos Community Languages Published by Community Languages, 2021 Anti-Nazi Exiles, by Merilyn Moos, published by the Community Languages is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Front and rear cover images copyright HA Rothholz Archive, University of Brighton Design Archives All other images are in the public domain Front and rear cover illustrations: Details from "Allies inside Germany" by H A Rothholz Born in Dresden, Germany, Rothholz emigrated to London with his family in 1933, to escape the Nazi regime. He retained a connection with his country of birth through his involvement with émigré organisations such as the Free German League of Culture (FGLC) in London, for whom he designed a series of fundraising stamps for their exhibition "Allies Inside Germany" in 1942. Community Languages 53 Fladgate Road London E11 1LX Acknowledgements We would like to thank Ian Birchall, Charmian Brinson, Dieter Nelles, Graeme Atkinson, Irena Fick, Leonie Jordan, Mike Jones, University of Brighton Design Archives. This work would not have been publicly available if it had not been for the hard work and friendship of Steve Cushion to whom I shall be forever grateful. To those of us who came after and carry on the struggle Table of Contents Left-wing German refugees who came to the UK before and during the Second

  • The Fate of Jewish Lawyers in Germany After 1933 Without Rights

    Lawyers The Fate of Jewish Lawyers in Germany after 1933 without Rights A TRAVELING EXHIBITION of the German Federal Bar, the Association of German Jurists, the Israel Bar Association and the German-Israeli Lawyers´s Association Jewish lawyers – a German identity The legal profession until the end of the Weimar Republic t the beginning of the 20th century the number of Naatz-Album lawyers who were Jewish or of Jewish descent, was relatively high. This was due to the special legal Private collection A position of Jews in Germany over several centuries. For a long time they were subject to a large number of special laws and many restrictions regarding the exercise of their profession. Even after they had been granted full equal rights as citizens in 1871, they did not immediately have free access to po- sitions in the civil service. Almost at the same time as the foundation of the German Empire, an independent legal profession emerged. The discussion and analysis of the law as one of the central pillars of Jewish culture seemed obvious and in keeping with tradition. Many Jews took the opportu- Criminal Court, Berlin-Moabit, early 20th century Lawyers’ room, Regional Court, 1903 nity to work independently in the legal domain and without depending on the benevolence of an employer, be it the courts, the administration or the universities. Up until the 1920s the number of Jewish lawyers increased continuously. Subsequent generations took over the private practices of their fathers or started their own. In the big cities, the share of Jewish lawyers was higher than in smaller towns with a court.
  • Lawyers and Bar Associations Play a Vital Role in Preserving the Rule Of

    Lawyers and Bar Associations Play a Vital Role in Preserving the Rule Of

    In the Legal Community by Susan R. Blackman Lawyers and Bar Associations Play a Vital Role in Preserving the Rule of Law: A Study of How Hitler Perverted Germany’s Judicial System Highlights the Importance of Lawyers The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is that good Adolf Hitler understood this and focused on lawyers and men do nothing.” judges as potential impediments to his quest for unfettered power. “ John F. Kennedy1 Lawyers, judges, and bar associations are positioned to play a key role in protecting the rule of law when political developments On Law Day, our nation recognizes the importance of the rule of threaten its integrity. Ignoring such threats can lead to dangerous law. President Barack Obama recently described its purpose: consequences for a nation’s legal process and its citizens. When President Dwight D. Eisenhower established Law Day Protection of Civil Rights Under the Weimar Constitution in 1958, he proclaimed it ‘fitting that the people of this nation In 1932, the Weimar Republic of Germany was a democratic should remember with pride and vigilantly guard the great republic with a parliament and president elected by the people. The heritage of liberty, justice, and equality under law which system included checks and balances, with a chancellor responsible our forefathers bequeathed to us.’ Today, we celebrate that to the parliament and courts of justice protecting the rights of enduring legacy and renew our commitment to a democracy individuals. sustained by the rule of law.2 Among the rights guaranteed by the Weimar Constitution were equality before the law for all German citizens, women’s suffrage, The Law Day event hosted by the Virginia Beach Bar Foundation freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.