Identifikasi Caesio Cuning Berdasarkan Karakterisasi Morfometrik Dan DNA Barcoding Yang Didaratkan Di Pasar Ikan Muara Baru, Jakarta

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Identifikasi Caesio Cuning Berdasarkan Karakterisasi Morfometrik Dan DNA Barcoding Yang Didaratkan Di Pasar Ikan Muara Baru, Jakarta Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Juni 2020 Vol. 23(2):199-206 P-ISSN : 1410-8852 E-ISSN : 2528-311 Identifikasi Caesio cuning berdasarkan Karakterisasi Morfometrik dan DNA Barcoding yang didaratkan di Pasar Ikan Muara Baru, Jakarta Muhammad Fahmi Zuhdi* dan Hawis Madduppa Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, IPB University Jl. Raya Dramaga, Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680 Email: [email protected] Abstract Identification of Caesio cuning using Morphometric characteristic and DNA barcoding Analysis (COI Gene) Landed in Muara Baru Market, Jakarta Yellow-tailed fish (Caesio cuning) have morphologically similarities with Lutjanidae families, it causes ambiguity on species authentication process. The process of species identification using morphological characteristic does not provide a precise information related to the species.This study was aimed to identify the morphometric and molecular of Yellow-tailed fish (Caesio cuning) which landed on Muara Baru Fish Market, Jakarta using COI gene. A total 30 fishes were observed their nineteen morphometric characters, and 1 fish sample was taken from the fins for DNA extraction, amplification using PCR method, electrphoresis visualization, and sequensing. Sample was analyzed by MEGA 6 software. Based on morphological analysis showed that sampel are Yellow-tailed fish which part of Caesio genus and Caesionidae family. While, genetic analysis using COI gene showed has similarities with database of Genbank NCBI. It can be concluded that identification using morphological character and DNA barcoding methode showed the species belong to Yellow-tailed fish (Caesio cunning). Keywords : Morphometric; DNA Barcodin; Caesio cuning Abstrak Ikan Ekor Kuning (Caesio cuning) memiliki kemiripan morfologi dengan anggota famili Lutjanidae lainnya, hal tersebut menyebabkan kesulitan dalam proses autentikasinya. Proses identifikasi pada suatu spesies menggunakan karakteristik morfologinya belum mampu memberikan informasi yang akurat terkait spesies tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ikan ekor kuning (Caesio cuning) yang didaratkan di Pasar Muara Baru, Jakarta melalui kajian karakteristikmorfometrik dan DNA barcoding menggunakan marka gen COI. Total 30 ikan diamati karakter morfometriknya, dan 1 sampel ikan diambil bagian siripnya untuk dilakukan ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi PCR, elektroforesis, sekuensing dan dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi MEGA 6. Hasil analisis morfologi menunjukkan sampel ikan berasal dari genus Caesio dan termasuk famili Caesionidae. Sedangkan berdasarkan analisis secara molekuler menggunakan marka gen COI, didapatkan hasil bahwa spesies yang diamati (Caesio cuning) memiliki kemiripan dengan database GenBank NCBI. Dapat simpulkan bahwa identifikasi secara morfologi dan DNA menunjukkan bahwa spesies yang di peroleh yaitu Ikan ekor kuning (Caesio cuning). Kata Kunci : Morfometrik; DNA barcoding; Caesio cuning PENDAHULUAN untuk ditangkap dan dijadikan sebagai bahan konsumsi. Ditjen Perikanan (1998) lebih Ikan demersal merupakan salah satu lanjut mengungkapkan bahwa perairan sumber daya ikan yang menjadi primadona karang di Indonesia memiliki paling sedikit 10 *) Corresponding author Diterima/Received : 08-01-2020, Disetujui/Accepted : 10-04-2020 www.ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkt DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v23i2.7036 Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Juni 2020 Vol. 23(2):199-206 famili utama penyumbang produksi MATERI DAN METODE perikanan yaitu Holocentridae, Serranidae, Siganidae, Scaridae, Lethirindae, Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan di Priachantidae, Labridae, Lutjanidae, Pasar Ikan Modern Muara Baru, Jakarta. Haemulidae dan Caesionidae. Di antara Analisis morfometrik ikan dilakukan di Pasar beberapa famili tersebut, Caesionidae seperti Ikan Modern Muara Baru, Jakarta. Analisis ikan ekor kuning merupakan kelompok ikan molekuler ikan dilakukan di Laboratorium yang dapat dieksploitasi secara komersil. Biodiversitas dan Biosistematika Kelautan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Data BPS (2008) melaporkan kenaikan Pertanian Bogor. produksi ikan ekor kuning mengalami peningkatan 262 ton dari tahun 2003 sampai Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan tahun 2007. Hal tersebut tentu dengan mengambil langsung di Pasar Ikan mengakibatkan turunnya populasi ikan dan Modern Muara Baru. Setiap sampel ikan di mengancam kelestarian sumber daya ikan ambil foto morfologinya menggunakan tersebut. kamera, kemudian diukur karakter morfometriknya. Satu sampel ikan di ambil Famili Caesinoidae merupakan jaringan bagian sirip ekor dan diawetkan anggota dari ordo Perciformes yang hidup di menggunakan etanol 96%. Sampel ikan perairan laut dan hanya ditemukan di kemudian di simpan di Laboratorium perairan tropis Indo-Pasifik (Carpenter, 2001). dibawah suhu -20O C untuk dilakukan Jenis ikan dari famili Caesionidae, salah pengamatan DNA ikan. satunya ikan ekor kuning yang memiliki karakteristik khusus berupa warna yang Analisis morfologi ikan ekor kuning mencolok, sebagian besar memiliki garis-garis dilakukan dengan cara identifikasi secara berwarna kuning. Selain itu, ikan ekor kuning visual yaitu mengamati ciri-ciri morfologi sering membentuk gerombol (Carpenter, berupa bentuk tubuh, warna dan ukuran 1998). Menurut Jhonson (1980) ikan dari famili tubuh ikan. Identifikasi spesies ikan mengacu Caesionidae memiliki hubungan yang sangat pada buku identifikasi (Carpenter, 1998), dekat (sister group) dengan ikan-ikan dari (White et al. 2013). famili Lutjanidae. Karena kemiripan morfologinya yang sangat mirip tersebut, Total 30 sampel ikan diamati karakter membuat masyarakat sulit membedakan morfometriknya berdasarkan metode dari Fitriadi et al., (2012). Adapun karakter antara kedua ikan tersebut. morfometrik yang diamati antara lain: Karakteristik morfologi ikan ekor kuning panjang total (TL), panjang standard (PS), panjang kepala (PK), tinggi badan (TB), tinggi yang hampir sama tersebut dapat pangkal ekor (TPE), diameter mata (DM), menimbulkan kekeliruan dalam proses jarak antar mata (JAM), lebar badan (LB), identifikasi spesies. Proses tersebut panjang sebelum sirip dorsal (PSSD), panjang memerlukan akurasi yang tinggi untuk sebelum sirip ventral (PSSV), panjang sebelum menghindari kesalahan dalam autentikasi sirip anal (PSSA), panjang dasar sirip dorsal spesies ikan. Oleh karena itu, metode DNA (PDSD), panjang dasar sirip ventral (PDSV), Barcoding digunakan karena mampu panjang dasar sirip anal (PDSA), panjang membantu proses identifikasi spesies secara dasar sirip pectoral (PDSP), panjang sirip ekor cepat dan tepat. Salah satu metode yang atas (PSEA), panjang sirip ekor tengah (PSET) dikembangkan oleh Herbert et al. (2003) dan panjang sirip ekor bawah (PSEB) untuk validasi spesies adalah marka gen COI, (Gambar 1). yang terletak pada segmen mitokondria sehingga mampu menelusuri variasi basa Ekstraksi DNA bertujuan untuk nukleotida pada setiap spesies. Tujuan menghancurkan sel dan memisahkan DNA penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakter pada sampel. Pada penelitian ini 25 mg morfometrik dan DNA ikan ekor kuning jaringan diambil untuk diekstraksi DNA-nya (Caesio cuning) menggunakan marka gen menggunakan gSYNCTM DNA Extraction Kit. COI. Lokus gen yang digunakan yaitu 200 Identifikasi Caesio cuning berdasarkan Karakterisasi Morfometrik dan DNA Barcoding (M.F. Zuhdi & H. Madduppa) Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Juni 2020 Vol. 23(2):199-206 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I Produk PCR kemudian dikirim ke (COI). Amplifikasi DNA menggunakan FirstBase Singapura untuk dianalisis secara metode Polymerize Chain Reaction (PCR) langsung. Hasil sekuensing DNA yang merupakan reaksi memperbanyak (replikasi) diperoleh, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan DNA secara enzimatik. Primer yang aplikasi MEGA 6.0 (Tamura et al. 2011) urutan digunakan untuk amplifikasi ikan yaitu FishF1 sekuen yang dihasilkan kemudian (5’-TCAACCAACCACAAAGACATTGGCAC- diidentifikasi dengan menyelaraskan dengan 3’); FishR1 (5’-TAGACTTCTGGGTGGCCAA data yang tersedia di Gene Bank di NCBI AGAATCA-3’) (Ward et al. 2005). Komponen menggunakan BLAST dan kemudian dalam PCR Mix adalah 12,5 µl My taq, 1,25 µl membandingkan dengan urutan referensi. Primer, 9 µl ddH20, 1 µl DNA Template. Proses amplifikasi DNA menggunakan DIAB HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Mastercycler DNA Engine Thermal Cycler. Proses awal amplifikasi DNA yaitu Tahap Bentuk morfologi Ikan Ekor Kuning (C. denaturasi pada suhu 94˚C selama 30 detik, cuning) yang di daratkan di Pasar Muara penempelan primer (annealing) pada suhu Baru, Jakarta Utara dapat dilihat pada 50˚C selama 1 menit, pemanjangan segmen Gambar 2. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan DNA (extension) pada suhu 72˚C selama 1 karakter morfologi, Ikan ekor kuning memiliki menit, dan tahap akhir (final extension) pada tubuh yang besar dan agak memanjang. suhu 72˚C selama 7 menit dengan 38 siklus. Peristiwady (2006) menyatakan bahwa ikan ekor kuning (Caesio cuning) memiliki tubuh Elektroforesis adalah pemurnian molekul yang tinggi, agak panjang dan pipih. Mulut dengan cara pemisahan senyawa kimia kecil dan terdapat sedikit gigi pada rahang, berdasarkan laju pergerakan molekul dalam pada bagian depan rahang memiliki gigi aliran listrik yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbentuk taring. Tubuh bagian atas kualitas DNA dari hasil PCR (Madduppa, berwarna biru agak kehitaman sedangkan 2014). Proses elektroforesis dimulai dengan pada bagian bawah rahang berwarna putih membuat gel agarose 1% menggunakan kebiruan. Sirip dada dan perut berwarna pewarna GelRedTM (Biotium®) sebagai kemerahan.
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