Biogeography 21. 43–47. Sep. 20, 2019
First specimen-based records of the fusilier Pterocaesio marri (Perciformes: Caesionidae) from the Sea of Japan
Harutaka Hata1* and Yoshiaki Kai 2
1 Center of Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0001, Japan 2 Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Nagahama, Maizuru, Kyoto 625-0086, Japan
Abstract: Two specimens of Pterocaesio marri Schultz, 1953, collected by set net from Miyazu, Kyoto Prefecture (Wakasa Bay) in Nov. 2018, and described in detail herein, represent the first specimen-based records of the species from the Sea of Japan.
Key words: fusilier, distribution, fish fauna, Wakasa Bay, taxonomy, morphology
Introduction Pterocaesio marri Schultz, 1953 Standard Japanese name: Nise-takasago The fusilier genus Pterocaesio is currently represented in (Fig. 1; Table 1) Japanese waters by four species, viz., Pterocaesio diagramma Materials examined. 2 specimens, FAKU 146594, 89.6 (Bleeker, 1864), Pterocaesio marri Schultz, 1953, Pterocaesio mm SL, FAKU 146595, 80.6 mm SL, Tai, Miyazu, Kyoto, tile (Cuvier, 1830), and Pterocaesio trilineata Carpenter, 1987 Nov. 2018, set net, coll. by H. Okemoto. (Shimada, 2013). All are abundantly caught and marketed Description. Counts and measurements, expressed as per- in the Ryukyu Islands, being important fisheries resources, centages of SL, given in Table 1. and locally called “akaurume” and “gurukun” in the Amami Body moderately elongate, subcylindrical; dorsal profile Islands and Okinawa Prefecture, respectively (Koeda, 2017, gently elevated from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin, straight 2018a, b; Kagoshima City Aquarium Foundation, 2018). To along dorsal-fin base, gently lowering from dorsal-fin base date, all of the four species have been reported from the Sea of end to upper most point of caudal peduncle; ventral profile Japan (Shimada, 2013; Tega et al., 2014; Kawano et al., 2014). lowering from lower-jaw tip to pelvic-fin insertion, straight However, the record of P. marri from the sea was not support- and parallel to body axis until anal-fin origin, slightly elevated ed by voucher specimens. In Nov. 2018, two specimens of P. thereafter to lowermost point of caudal peduncle. Uppermost marri were collected by set net from Miyazu, located in the point of pectoral-fin insertion slightly posterior to posterior western part of Wakasa Bay, Kyoto Prefecture. Representing tip of opercle, lower than snout tip. Posterior tip of pectoral the first specimen-based records of the species from the Sea of fin pointed, slightly short of vertical through eighth dorsal-fin Japan, the specimens are described herein. spine origin. Dorsal, ventral and posterior margins of pectoral fin nearly straight. Anteriormost point of pelvic-fin insertion Materials and Methods posterior to lowermost point of pectoral-fin insertion; poste- riormost point slightly posterior to dorsal-fin origin. Posterior Methods for counts and proportional measurements (shown tip of depressed pelvic fin not reaching anus. Dorsal contour in Table 1) followed Carpenter (1987). Standard length is of dorsal fin without notch between spinous and soft portions. abbreviated as SL. All measurements were made with digital Anal-fin origin just below third dorsal-fin soft ray. Anal-fin calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. The specimens examined here base ending just below posteriormost point of dorsal-fin base. are deposited in the Fish Collection of Kyoto University, Kyo- Dorsal and anal fins basally scaled. Caudal-fin deeply forked; to (FAKU). posterior tips of both lobes pointed. Anus just anterior to anal- fin origin. Snout tip pointed; snout length much less than eye diameter. Mouth small, terminal, oblique to body axis. −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Posterior tip of maxilla just below anterior margin of orbit. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Lower jaw projecting slightly forward of maxilla. Maxilla and
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Fig. 1. Fresh specimen of Pterocaesio marri. FAKU 146594, 89.6, Miyazu, Kyoto Prefecture, Wakasa Bay, Japan.
Table 1. Counts and measurements of Pterocaesio marri from premaxilla with villiform teeth. Single row of conical teeth on Miyazu, Wakasa Bay, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. lower jaw. Eye large, round, covered with adipose eyelid, po- Miyazu, Wakasa Bay, Kyoto Prefecture sitioned laterally on head, visible in dorsal view. Pupil round. FAKU 146594 FAKU 146595 Standard length (SL; mm) 89.6 80.6 Nostrils close to each other, anterior to orbit. Anterior and Counts posterior nostrils round and slit-like, respectively. Posterior Dorsal-fin rays X, 15 X, 14 margin of preopercle serrated. Single spine on upper part of Anal-fin rays III, 12 III, 12 opercle. Posterior margin of opercle smooth. Interorbital space Pectoral-fin rays 22 22 flat, width less than eye diameter. Pseudobranchial filaments Pelvic-fin rays I, 5 I, 5 Gill rakers 8 + 25 7 + 26 present. Scales ctenoid. Region around eye, snout, both jaws, Lateral-line scales 76 74 and paired fins without scales. Anterior tip of predorsal scale Circumpeduncular scales 13 + 17 12 + 16 reaching line between eye centers. Lateral line nearly straight Scales above lateral line 9 9 from upper end of opercle to below 11th dorsal-fin soft ray, Scales belowe lateral line 16 16 Scales on cheek 5 5 bending downward and thereafter parallel with body axis to Pre-dorsal-fin scales 27 28 middle of caudal-fin base. Measurements Coloration of fresh specimen (based on a color photograph As % SL of FAKU 146594, 89.6 mm SL, Fig. 1). Body uniformly Body depth 23.4 21.5 reddish-silver, dorsum darker. Two distinct dark green lines, Body width 14.8 13.9 Head length 31.2 30.2 about one scale width, dorsolaterally on body, a third indis- Snout length 7.4 6.6 tinct dark green line running between them; upper line run- Eye diameter 8.6 8.5 ning from nape to dorsal-fin base end; lower line from upper Bony interorbital width 6.9 7.0 margin of eye to upper part of caudal-fin base, anterior part Caudal-peduncle depth 7.9 6.9 Caudal-peduncle length 17.1 14.1 running along lateral line. Tips of both jaws dusky. Dorsal fin Pre-dorsal-fin length 36.7 37.0 rays red, dorsal-fin membrane dark green. Pectoral-, pelvic-, Pre-anal-fin length 67.1 64.9 and anal fins uniformly pale reddish. Caudal-fin pale reddish, Pre-pelvic-fin length 35.4 35.0 upper and lower margins red. Black blotch larger than pupil on 1st dorsal-fin spine length 2.1 3.3 tip of each caudal-fin lobe. 2nd dorsal-fin spine length 11.4 broken 3rd dorsal-fin spine length 17.7 broken Coloration of preserved specimens. Body pale ivory. Dor- 4th dorsal-fin spine length broken broken sum to upper lateral body surface dusky. Formerly dark green Last dorsal-fin spine length 9.5 8.0 lines on upper body dark brown. Dorsal fin uniformly black. 1st dorsal-fin soft ray length 8.7 9.1 Pectoral-, pelvic-, and anal-fins translucent. Melanophores 1st anal-fin spine length 1.8 1.9 2nd anal-fin spine length broken broken scattered along caudal-fin rays. Jet black blotch on tip of each 3rd anal-fin spine length 9.3 broken caudal-fin lobe. 1st anal-fin soft ray length 9.4 9.9 Distribution. Pterocaesio marri is widely distributed in the Longest caudal-fin ray length 26.7 24.7 Indo-Pacific, from the east coast of Africa (excepting the Red
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Sea or Persian Gulf), to the Marquesas Islands and southern of Japan were found during this study, except that of Tega et Japan (Carpenter, 1987, 1988, 2001; Shimada, 2013). In Ja- al. (2014) and Kawano et al. (2014), who included P. marri pan, it has been reported from Wakasa Bay, Pacific coast from in lists of fishes reported from Fukui Prefecture and the Sea Sagami Bay to southern Kyushu, Kagoshima Bay, Koshiki Is- of Japan, respectively. Those records were probably based on lands and western coast of Satsuma Peninsula, Ryukyu Islands an individual collected from Obama, Fukui Prefecture in 24 from Yaku-shima island to Yonaguni-jima island, Izu Islands, Oct. 2006, caught by set net, reported on an internet web site and Ogasawara Islands (Carpenter, 1987; Iwatsuki, 1997; (Fukui Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, 2019). The Kagoshima City Aquarium Foundation, 2008, 2018; Shimada, individual is identified as P. marri by having tips of both cau- 2013; Tega et al., 2014; Kawano et al., 2014; Koeda et al., dal-fin lobes with a black blotch and two thin stripes of about 2016; Motomura & Harazaki, 2017; Koeda, 2017, 2018b; one scale width laterally on body, the lower stripe running on Miki, 2019; this study). the lateral line. However, the internet web site indicates no Remarks. The present specimens were assignable to the information regarding the existence of voucher specimens or genus Pterocaesio as defined by Carpenter et al. (1988, 2001), further references. Accordingly, the specimens examined in based on the scaled dorsal and anal fins, and premaxilla with the present study represent the first specimen-based records of small conical teeth and two postmaxillary processes. They P. marri from the Sea of Japan. were identified as P. marri on the basis of the following com- According to Koeda (2017) and Kagoshima City Aquarium bination of characters, which closely matched the diagnostic Foundation (2018), population numbers of P. marri off main- features of P. marri given by Carpenter (1987, 1988, 2001), land Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Kyushu Is., are increas- Allen & Erdmann (2006, 2008), and Shimada (2013): dorsal ing. Because the distributional range of P. marri is believed, fin with 10 spines and 14 or 15 soft rays; pectoral fin with 22 therefore, to be expanding northwards, there is increasing rays; 74–76 pored lateral-line scales; tips of both caudal-fin likelihood of the species being collected from coastal areas of lobes with a black blotch; 12 or 13 dorsal peduncular scales; the Sea of Japan and East China Sea between southern Kyushu two thin stripes of about one scale width laterally on body, the and Wakasa Bay, or even further north. lower stripe running on the lateral line. Although Pterocaesio marri most closely resembles Ptero- Acknowledgements caesio diagramma (Bleeker, 1854) in sharing similar numbers of pored lateral-line scales, dorsal-fin rays, and dorsal pedun- We thank staff of Miyazu Energy Research Center Aquar- cular scales, two thin yellow dorsolateral lines on the body, ium (KANSO CO., LTD.), and H. Motomura, H. Wada, and and a black blotch on each caudal-fin lobe, P. marri can be J. Nakamura (KAUM) for opportunities to examine the spec- distinguished from the latter by the lower yellow stripe ante- imens. We also thank Y. Haraguchi and other volunteers, and riorly covering the lateral line (vs. running below the lateral students of KAUM for curatorial assistance, and G. Hardy line in P. diagramma; Carpenter, 1987, 1988, 2001; Shimada, (Ngunguru, New Zealand), for checking an early version of 2013). Natural hybridization between the two species has been the manuscript. This study was supported in part by a Grant- reported, but hybrid individuals are also distinguishable from P. in-Aid from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science marri by having the lower stripe anteriorly running below the for JSPS Fellows (DC2: 29-6652); the Sasakawa Scientific lateral line (Kakazu et al., 2015; fig. 3c). Research Grant from the Japan Science Society (28-745); Pterocaesio marri has been recorded widely from the JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP19770067, JP26241027, Ryukyu Islands, including Yaku-shima island (Motomura JP24370041, JP23580259, and JP26450265; the “Biological & Harazaki, 2017), Tanega-shima island (Kagoshima City Properties of Biodiversity Hotspots in Japan” project of the Aquarium Foundation, 2018), Iou-jima and Take-shima is- National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan; lands (Meguro, 2013), Amami-oshima island (Kakazu et al., “Establishment of Research and Education Network on Biodi- 2015; Nakae et al., 2018; Hata, 2018, 2019), Yoron-jima is- versity and Its Conservation in the Satsunan Islands” project land (Sakurai, 2014; Hata, 2018, 2019), Okinawa-jima island of Kagoshima University adopted by the Ministry of Educa- (Kamohara, 1965, as Caesio diagramma; Miura, 2012; Kaka- tion, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; and the zu et al., 2015), Ie-jima island (Senou et al., 2006), Miyako “Island Research” project by Kagoshima University. Islands (Kamohara, 1965, as Caesio diagramma; Shinohara, 1966, as P. diagramma; Senou et al., 2007), Ishigaki-jima is- References land (Shinohara, 1966 as P. diagramma), Iriomote-jima island (Kakazu et al., 2015), and Yonaguni-jima island (Koeda et Allen, G. E. & Erdmann, M. V., 2006. Pterocaesio al., 2016). However, no records of the species from the Sea flavifasciata, a new species of fusilier (Teleostei:
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(Received April 26, 2019; Accepted June 12, 2019)
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