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Uranoscopus Rosette, a New Species of Stargazer (Uranoscopidae: Trachinoidei) from the Red Sea

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Uranoscopus Rosette, a New Species of Stargazer (Uranoscopidae: Trachinoidei) from the Red Sea aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology Uranoscopus rosette, a new species of stargazer (Uranoscopidae: Trachinoidei) from the Red Sea John E. Randall1 and Rachel J. Arnold2 1) Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA. Email: [email protected] 2) School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Email: [email protected] Received: 28 July 2012 – Accepted: 3 September 2012 Abstract Résumé Uranoscopus rosette is described as a new species of Uranoscopus rosette est décrit comme une nouvelle espèce stargazer (family Uranoscopidae) from 11 specimens, 92- d’Uranoscope (famille Uranoscopidae) à partir de 11 spéci- 216 mm SL, collected from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, mens, 92-216 mm de LS, collectés dans le golfe d’Aqaba, and formerly misidentified as U. fuscomaculatus Kner, U. mer Rouge, et jadis mal identifié comme U. fuscomacula- sulphureus Valenciennes, or U. dollfusi Brüss. It is distinct tus Kner, U. sulphureus Valenciennes ou U. dollfusi Brüss. in having two narrowly separated dorsal fins with IV spines Elle se distingue par deux nageoires dorsales à peine and 13 soft rays, no scales dorsally on body anterior to ori- séparées, avec IV épines et 13 rayons mous, l’absence d’é- gin of second dorsal fin; 37-41 oblique scale rows midlat- cailles dorsalement sur l’avant du corps antérieur à la sec- erally on side of body; a strong cleithral spine; supraclei- onde dorsale; 37-41 rangées obliques d’écailles sur le côté thrum without a distinct posterior spine; 5-7 short spines du corps; une forte épine cleithrale; un supracleithrum ventrally on preopercle; body depth at anal-fin origin 3.6- sans épine postérieure distincte; 5-7 épines ventralement 4.05 in SL; head width 2.5-2.8 in SL; lingual lure flat and sur le préopercule; la hauteur du corps à l’origine de l’anale broadly triangular at base with long cirri on edges, ending 3,6-4,05 en LS; la largeur de la tête 2,5-2,8 en LS; un in a ribbon-like filament with short cirri; and a unique leurre lingual aplati et quasi triangulaire à la base avec de color pattern dorsally on the body of irregular rows of dark longs cirres sur les bords se terminant en un filament en gray-brown spots, many rosette-like, the head densely forme de ruban avec des cirres courts; et un patron de col- dark-dotted dorsally. oration unique, dorsalement sur le corps, de taches gris- brun sombre en rangées irrégulières, beaucoup en forme de Zusammenfassung rosette et la tête densément couverte de points foncés dor- Uranoscopus rosette wird als neue Art der Himmelsgucker salement. (Familie Uranoscopidae) auf der Grundlage von 11 Exem- plaren mit 92-216 mm SL beschrieben, die im Golf von Sommario Aqaba im Roten Meer gefangen wurden und zunächst Uranoscopus rosette è descritto come una nuova specie di fälschlicherweise als U. fuscomaculatus Kner, U. sulphureus pesce prete (famiglia Uranoscopidae) sulla base di 11 esem- Valenciennes oder U. dollfusi Brüss bestimmt worden waren. plari di 92-216 mm SL, raccolti nel Golfo di Aqaba, Mar Die neue Art lässt sich durch folgende Merkmale unterschei- Rosso, e in precedenza erroneamente identificato come U. den: zwei schmale, getrennte Rückenflossen mit IV Hart- fuscomaculatus Kner, U. sulphureus Valenciennes o U. doll- strahlen und 13 weichen Strahlen; fehlende Schuppen am fusi Brüss. Si distingue per le seguenti caratteristiche: due Rücken im vorderen Rumpfteil bis zum Ursprung der pinne dorsali di poco separate con IV spine e 13 raggi zweiten Rückenflosse; 37-41 schräge Schuppenreihen in der molli, assenza di scaglie dorsalmente sul corpo, anterior- Mitte an der Seite; ein starker Cleithrumdorn; Supraclei- mente all’origine della seconda pinna dorsale; 37-41 serie thrum ohne deutlichen hinteren Dorn; 5-7 kurze Dornen di scaglie oblique medio-laterali sul lato del corpo, una bauchwärts auf dem Präoperculum; Körpertiefe am Ansatz robusta spina cleitrale; supracleitrum senza una distinta der Afterflosse 3,6-4,05 in SL; Kopfbreite 2,5-2,8 in SL; spina posteriore; 5-7 corte spine ventralmente sul preoper- Köderfortsatz flach und breit dreieckig an der Basis mit lan- colo; altezza del corpo a livello dell’origine della pinna gen Cirrhen an den Rändern, er endet in einem bandähn- anale 3.6-4.05 in SL; larghezza della testa 2.5-2.8 in SL; lichen Fortsatz mit kurzen Cirrhen; und ein unverkennbares esca linguale piatta e sostanzialmente triangolare alla base Farbmuster rückseitig auf dem Rumpf mit unregelmäßign con cirri lungo i bordi, terminante in un filamento nastri- Reihen dunkler graubrauner Flecken, viele von ihnen roset- forme con corti cirri; e, dorsalmente sul corpo, un motivo tenähnlich, am Kopf rückseitig dicht gesät dunkle Flecken. particolare costituito da righe irregolari di macchie di 209 aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 Uranoscopus rosette, a new species of stargazer (Uranoscopidae: Trachinoidei) from the Red Sea colore grigio scuro-marrone, molti motivi a rosetta e la Catalog of Fishes has the same 23 valid species in testa densamente punteggiata di scuro dorsalmente. the genus, and no others. Dor (1970) published the first record of a species INTRODUCTION of Uranoscopus for the Red Sea, U. fuscomaculatus The fishes of the family Uranoscopidae are aptly Kner (1868), type locality Fiji. In his checklist of named stargazers because their eyes are placed dor- Red Sea fishes, Dor (1984) added two more sally or dorsolaterally on the cuboid head and species. Brüss (1986; 1987a, 1987b) described four directed upward. They are benthic on sedimentary new Red Sea species of Uranoscopus and provided a substrata, usually buried by day with only their key. Goren & Dor (1994) raised the species total to eyes and fringed mouth visible. Most species have eight, one of which, U. scaber Linnaeus, is an a fleshy lure developed from tissue of the oral valve immigrant from the Mediterranean via the Suez inside the lower jaw that can be wriggled outside Canal. Khalaf & Disi (1997: 178) illustrated a the mouth, worm-like, to attract their usual prey of stargazer from the Gulf of Aqaba as U. fuscomacu- small fishes. latus. In the most recent checklist of Red Sea fishes, Pietsch (1989) published an extensive study of Golani & Bogorodsky (2010) eliminated the Red the osteology and myology of the family Ura- Sea record of U. oligolepis Bleeker as a locality error, noscopidae, provided comparison with the nine and followed Randall et al. (1990) in treating U. other families of the suborder Trachinoidei, and a fuscomaculatus Kner from Fiji as a synonym of U. key to the seven genera of the family. He listed 23 sulphureus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes species of Uranoscopus that he expected to be valid. (1832), type locality Tonga. Twenty-three years later, Eschmeyer’s updated Photographs of the holotype of U. fuscomaculatus Figs 1-2. Holotype of Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus Kner, NMW 59954, 121.5 mm SL, Kandavu Island, Fiji. Photos by H. Wellendorf. aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 210 John E. Randall and Rachel J. Arnold in the Naturhistorische Museum in Vienna opercular membrane; body depth is taken from the (Figs 1-2) and the badly damaged holotype of Ura- origin of the first dorsal fin; head width is the max- noscopus sulphureus in the Muséum National d’His- imum width; snout length is from the median toire Naturelle in Paris (Fig. 3) have revealed both anterior point of the upper lip to the nearest edge as valid species, neither of which is represented in of the orbit; orbit diameter and interorbital width the Red Sea. We describe here the Red Sea stargazer are the least measurements; length of the interor- previously misidentified as U. fuscomaculatus or U. bital fossa is measured from the median point at sulphureus as a new species. the base of the upper lip to the posterior edge of the fossa; upper-jaw length is the maximum length MATERIAL AND METHODS from the median anterior point of the upper lip; Type specimens of the new species have been distance between gill openings is taken dorsally; deposited in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, cleithral spine length is measured on the dorsal Hono lulu (BPBM); Hebrew University, Jerusalem edge; the distance between basipterygial processes (HUJ); Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt (SMF); is taken from the spine tips; fin-ray lengths are U. S. National Museum of Natural History, Wash- those of the longest rays. Proportional measure- ington, D.C. (USNM); and the University of ments are rounded to the nearest 0.05. Oblique Washington, Seattle, WA (UW). rows of scales on the body are counted (as given by Length of specimens are given as standard length Kishimoto, 1984) from the most anterior row (SL), measured in millimeters from the median crossing the body midlaterally (a point well anterior margin of the upper lip (disregarding the beneath the pectoral fin) to the most posterior row cirri) to the base of the caudal fin (posterior end of at the centre of the caudal-fin base. Lateral-line hypural plate); head length is measured from the pores were counted only on subadult paratype same anterior point to the posterior end of the (obscure in adults). Fig. 3. Holotype of Uranoscopus sulphureus, MNHN 5152, Tonga. Photo by R. Causse. 211 aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 Uranoscopus rosette, a new species of stargazer (Uranoscopidae: Trachinoidei) from the Red Sea Uranoscopus rosette n. sp. Station, 29°27.36’N, 34°58.65’E, T. Paulus, May (Figs 4-9; Table I) 1990; SMF 24189, 150.5 mm, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan, Aqaba, Marine Science Station, Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus (non Kner) Dor 1970: 29°25.54’ N, 34°58.43’, E.
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