aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology

Uranoscopus rosette, a new of (Uranoscopidae: Trachinoidei) from the Red Sea

John E. Randall1 and Rachel J. Arnold2

1) Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA. Email: [email protected] 2) School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Email: [email protected]

Received: 28 July 2012 – Accepted: 3 September 2012

Abstract Résumé rosette is described as a new species of Uranoscopus rosette est décrit comme une nouvelle espèce stargazer (family Uranoscopidae) from 11 specimens, 92- d’Uranoscope (famille Uranoscopidae) à partir de 11 spéci- 216 mm SL, collected from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, mens, 92-216 mm de LS, collectés dans le golfe d’Aqaba, and formerly misidentified as U. fuscomaculatus Kner, U. mer Rouge, et jadis mal identifié comme U. fuscomacula- sulphureus Valenciennes, or U. dollfusi Brüss. It is distinct tus Kner, U. sulphureus Valenciennes ou U. dollfusi Brüss. in having two narrowly separated dorsal fins with IV spines Elle se distingue par deux nageoires dorsales à peine and 13 soft rays, no scales dorsally on body anterior to ori- séparées, avec IV épines et 13 rayons mous, l’absence d’é- gin of second ; 37-41 oblique scale rows midlat- cailles dorsalement sur l’avant du corps antérieur à la sec- erally on side of body; a strong cleithral spine; supraclei- onde dorsale; 37-41 rangées obliques d’écailles sur le côté thrum without a distinct posterior spine; 5-7 short spines du corps; une forte épine cleithrale; un supracleithrum ventrally on preopercle; body depth at anal-fin origin 3.6- sans épine postérieure distincte; 5-7 épines ventralement 4.05 in SL; head width 2.5-2.8 in SL; lingual lure flat and sur le préopercule; la hauteur du corps à l’origine de l’anale broadly triangular at base with long cirri on edges, ending 3,6-4,05 en LS; la largeur de la tête 2,5-2,8 en LS; un in a ribbon-like filament with short cirri; and a unique leurre lingual aplati et quasi triangulaire à la base avec de color pattern dorsally on the body of irregular rows of dark longs cirres sur les bords se terminant en un filament en gray-brown spots, many rosette-like, the head densely forme de ruban avec des cirres courts; et un patron de col- dark-dotted dorsally. oration unique, dorsalement sur le corps, de taches gris- brun sombre en rangées irrégulières, beaucoup en forme de Zusammenfassung rosette et la tête densément couverte de points foncés dor- Uranoscopus rosette wird als neue Art der Himmelsgucker salement. (Familie Uranoscopidae) auf der Grundlage von 11 Exem- plaren mit 92-216 mm SL beschrieben, die im Golf von Sommario Aqaba im Roten Meer gefangen wurden und zunächst Uranoscopus rosette è descritto come una nuova specie di fälschlicherweise als U. fuscomaculatus Kner, U. sulphureus pesce prete (famiglia Uranoscopidae) sulla base di 11 esem- Valenciennes oder U. dollfusi Brüss bestimmt worden waren. plari di 92-216 mm SL, raccolti nel Golfo di Aqaba, Mar Die neue Art lässt sich durch folgende Merkmale unterschei- Rosso, e in precedenza erroneamente identificato come U. den: zwei schmale, getrennte Rückenflossen mit IV Hart- fuscomaculatus Kner, U. sulphureus Valenciennes o U. doll- strahlen und 13 weichen Strahlen; fehlende Schuppen am fusi Brüss. Si distingue per le seguenti caratteristiche: due Rücken im vorderen Rumpfteil bis zum Ursprung der pinne dorsali di poco separate con IV spine e 13 raggi zweiten Rückenflosse; 37-41 schräge Schuppenreihen in der molli, assenza di scaglie dorsalmente sul corpo, anterior- Mitte an der Seite; ein starker Cleithrumdorn; Supraclei- mente all’origine della seconda pinna dorsale; 37-41 serie thrum ohne deutlichen hinteren Dorn; 5-7 kurze Dornen di scaglie oblique medio-laterali sul lato del corpo, una bauchwärts auf dem Präoperculum; Körpertiefe am Ansatz robusta spina cleitrale; supracleitrum senza una distinta der Afterflosse 3,6-4,05 in SL; Kopfbreite 2,5-2,8 in SL; spina posteriore; 5-7 corte spine ventralmente sul preoper- Köderfortsatz flach und breit dreieckig an der Basis mit lan- colo; altezza del corpo a livello dell’origine della pinna gen Cirrhen an den Rändern, er endet in einem bandähn- anale 3.6-4.05 in SL; larghezza della testa 2.5-2.8 in SL; lichen Fortsatz mit kurzen Cirrhen; und ein unverkennbares esca linguale piatta e sostanzialmente triangolare alla base Farbmuster rückseitig auf dem Rumpf mit unregelmäßign con cirri lungo i bordi, terminante in un filamento nastri- Reihen dunkler graubrauner Flecken, viele von ihnen roset- forme con corti cirri; e, dorsalmente sul corpo, un motivo tenähnlich, am Kopf rückseitig dicht gesät dunkle Flecken. particolare costituito da righe irregolari di macchie di

209 aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 Uranoscopus rosette, a new species of stargazer (Uranoscopidae: Trachinoidei) from the Red Sea colore grigio scuro-marrone, molti motivi a rosetta e la Catalog of has the same 23 valid species in testa densamente punteggiata di scuro dorsalmente. the , and no others. Dor (1970) published the first record of a species INTRODUCTION of Uranoscopus for the Red Sea, U. fuscomaculatus The fishes of the family Uranoscopidae are aptly Kner (1868), type locality Fiji. In his checklist of named stargazers because their eyes are placed dor- Red Sea fishes, Dor (1984) added two more sally or dorsolaterally on the cuboid head and species. Brüss (1986; 1987a, 1987b) described four directed upward. They are benthic on sedimentary new Red Sea species of Uranoscopus and provided a substrata, usually buried by day with only their key. Goren & Dor (1994) raised the species total to eyes and fringed mouth visible. Most species have eight, one of which, U. scaber Linnaeus, is an a fleshy lure developed from tissue of the oral valve immigrant from the Mediterranean via the Suez inside the lower jaw that can be wriggled outside Canal. Khalaf & Disi (1997: 178) illustrated a the mouth, worm-like, to attract their usual prey of stargazer from the Gulf of Aqaba as U. fuscomacu- small fishes. latus. In the most recent checklist of Red Sea fishes, Pietsch (1989) published an extensive study of Golani & Bogorodsky (2010) eliminated the Red the osteology and myology of the family Ura- Sea record of U. oligolepis Bleeker as a locality error, noscopidae, provided comparison with the nine and followed Randall et al. (1990) in treating U. other families of the suborder Trachinoidei, and a fuscomaculatus Kner from Fiji as a synonym of U. key to the seven genera of the family. He listed 23 sulphureus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes species of Uranoscopus that he expected to be valid. (1832), type locality Tonga. Twenty-three years later, Eschmeyer’s updated Photographs of the holotype of U. fuscomaculatus

Figs 1-2. Holotype of Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus Kner, NMW 59954, 121.5 mm SL, Kandavu Island, Fiji. Photos by H. Wellendorf. aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 210 John E. Randall and Rachel J. Arnold in the Naturhistorische Museum in Vienna opercular membrane; body depth is taken from the (Figs 1-2) and the badly damaged holotype of Ura- origin of the first dorsal fin; head width is the max- noscopus sulphureus in the Muséum National d’His- imum width; snout length is from the median toire Naturelle in Paris (Fig. 3) have revealed both anterior point of the upper lip to the nearest edge as valid species, neither of which is represented in of the orbit; orbit diameter and interorbital width the Red Sea. We describe here the Red Sea stargazer are the least measurements; length of the interor- previously misidentified as U. fuscomaculatus or U. bital fossa is measured from the median point at sulphureus as a new species. the base of the upper lip to the posterior edge of the fossa; upper-jaw length is the maximum length MATERIAL AND METHODS from the median anterior point of the upper lip; Type specimens of the new species have been distance between gill openings is taken dorsally; deposited in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, cleithral spine length is measured on the dorsal Hono lulu (BPBM); Hebrew University, Jerusalem edge; the distance between basipterygial processes (HUJ); Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt (SMF); is taken from the spine tips; fin-ray lengths are U. S. National Museum of Natural History, Wash- those of the longest rays. Proportional measure- ington, D.C. (USNM); and the University of ments are rounded to the nearest 0.05. Oblique Washington, Seattle, WA (UW). rows of scales on the body are counted (as given by Length of specimens are given as standard length Kishimoto, 1984) from the most anterior row (SL), measured in millimeters from the median crossing the body midlaterally (a point well anterior margin of the upper lip (disregarding the beneath the pectoral fin) to the most posterior row cirri) to the base of the caudal fin (posterior end of at the centre of the caudal-fin base. Lateral-line hypural plate); head length is measured from the pores were counted only on subadult paratype same anterior point to the posterior end of the (obscure in adults).

Fig. 3. Holotype of Uranoscopus sulphureus, MNHN 5152, Tonga. Photo by R. Causse.

211 aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 Uranoscopus rosette, a new species of stargazer (Uranoscopidae: Trachinoidei) from the Red Sea Uranoscopus rosette n. sp. Station, 29°27.36’N, 34°58.65’E, T. Paulus, May (Figs 4-9; Table I) 1990; SMF 24189, 150.5 mm, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan, Aqaba, Marine Science Station, Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus (non Kner) Dor 1970: 29°25.54’ N, 34°58.43’, E. T. Paulus, May 1990; 23, fig. (Eilat). UW 151495, 168.5 mm, same data as preceding. Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus (non Kner) Khalaf & Diagnosis: Dorsal rays IV + 13; pectoral rays 18; Disi 1997: 170 (Gulf of Aqaba). oblique scale rows on midside of body 37-41; no Uranoscopus dollfusi (non Brüss) Debelius 1998: scales on body above lateral line anterior to second 169, lower fig. (Sabargad, Egypt). dorsal fin; body depth of adult at anal-fin origin Uranoscopus dollfusi (non Brüss) Lieske & Myers 3.6-4.05 in SL; head broad and flat dorsally, the 2004: 176, lower fig. (El Quadim Bay, Egypt). width 2.5-2.8 in SL; bones dorsally on head rugose; occipital lobes not developed as knobs; clei- Holotype: BPBM 20844, female, 203 mm SL, thral spine large, slightly angled dorsally; 3.85-4.7 Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, off Coral World pier and in head length; supracleithrum not forming a dis- undersea observatory, Eilat, Israel, sand patch in tinct spine posteriorly; 5-7 small spines ventrally reef with sparse sea grass, 15 m, quinaldine and on preopercle; 3-5 blunt preorbital spines; eyes hand net, J. E. Randall, 10 August 1976. small, the orbit diameter 6.45-7.1 in head length; Paratypes: USNM 375417, 2: 76-168 mm, Red lingual lure broadly triangular and flat at base, with Sea, Egypt, off “ancient site” about 5 km north of long cirri on each side, narrowing to a slender rib- Koseir (26°8’N, 34°16’E), in cove, edge of precip- bon-like filament with short cirri on edges, its itous reef with numerous caves, 0-6 m, rotenone, length half the distance separating cleithral spines; H. Fehlmann et al., 8 Jan 1965; HUJ 7178, 168 dorsal fins narrowly separated; margin of second mm, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Eilat, M. Dor, 23 dorsal fin straight; caudal fin slightly rounded; June 1965; SMF 14284, 92 mm, Gulf of Aqaba, color in life light gray-brown, grading to white Eilat, W. Poper, 7 Jul 1969; USNM 375416, 110 ventrally, the dorsal half of body with irregular lon- mm, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Israel, Eilat, V. G. gitudinal rows of dark brown spots of about eye Springer; 8 Jul 1969; USNM 375418, 211 mm, size, many rosette-like, and scattered dark brown Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, bay at El Hamira, rock dots, especially posteriorly; dark dots dorsally on and coral ledge, grading into sand, 21-27 m, head; first dorsal fin largely black; second dorsal rotenone, V. G. Springer et al., 9 Sep 1969; HUJ and anal fins with translucent membranes, the dor- 8534, 216 mm, Egypt, Gulf of Aqaba, east coast of sal rays and posterior anal rays dotted with dark Sinai Peninsula, El Hamira, M. Tsurnamal, 4 Mar brown, the margin white; caudal fin dark gray with 1975; USNM 405546, 199.5 mm, female, Red black dots on rays, the posterior margin white; Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan, Aqaba, Marine Science largest specimen 216 mm SL.

Fig. 4. Holotype of Uranoscopus rosette in life, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, 15 m. Photo by J. E. Randall. aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 212 John E. Randall and Rachel J. Arnold

Description: Dorsal rays IV + 13; anal rays 13; without a distinct posterior spine; head length 2.65 principal caudal rays 12, the median 10 branched; (2.4-2.55) in SL; head wider than body, the width upper and lower procurrent caudal rays 5, the pos- 2.65 (2.5-2.8) in SL; snout length 5.75 (5.8-6.35) terior 2 segmented; pectoral rays 18; pelvic rays I,5; in head length; eye small, the orbit diameter 7.1 scales cycloid, embedded, nonimbricate, in oblique (6.45-8.05) in head length; no cirrus on eye; rows, those in longitudinal series on midside of interorbital width 4.85 (5.15-5.5) in head length; body 40 (37-41); no scales on body above lateral maximum interorbital depth 3.3 (3.25-3.5) in line anterior to second dorsal fin; lateral-line pores head length; length of interorbital fossa 5.2 (4.85- of subadult 49 to base of caudal fin (scales obscure 5.7) in head length; distance between gill openings in adults); preopercular spines 6 (5-7); preorbital 4.0 (3.8-4.05) in SL; distance between basiptery- spines blunt, 3 (3-5); branchiostegal rays 6; verte- gial processes 4.45 (3.95-6.15) in head length; clei- brae 25 (Fig. 9). thral spine large, nearly covered by skin, angling Body subquadrangular, strongly tapering, the dorsally about 10°, the length 4.55 (4.05-4.75) in depth at origin of anal fin 4.05 (3.6-4.0) in SL; head length; dorsal margin of opercle ascending, caudal-peduncle depth 8.7 (8.2-9.5) in SL; head then broadly rounded posteriorly; a distinct respi- very flat dorsally and coarsely granular; occipital ratory groove between dorsal margin of opercle and lobes not developed as knobs; supracleithrum ventral margin of supracleithrum and base of clei-

Fig. 5. Holotype of Uranoscopus rosette when fresh, BPBM 20844, 203 mm. Photo by J. E. Randall.

Fig. 6. Holotype of Uranoscopus rosette in alcohol, dorsal view. Photo by H. A. Randall.

213 aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 Uranoscopus rosette, a new species of stargazer (Uranoscopidae: Trachinoidei) from the Red Sea thral spine; opercular membrane broad (as wide as lip of holotype; teeth in jaws within a zone of orbit diameter in holotype), with a conspicuous fleshy papillae, small, conical, and recurved; upper fringe of cirri; lateral line commencing above jaw with a maximum of six rows medially, narrow- suprascapular spine, passing to below origin of soft ing to one or two laterally; teeth in lower jaw about dorsal fin, continuing along base of fin, curving twice as large, in two rows medially, narrowing to ventrally on caudal peduncle to midbase of caudal one laterally, about 20 in outer row of holotype; fin, and continuing to posterior end of fin. villiform teeth in a broad patch on palatines; Mouth forming an angle of about 100° to hori- tongue broadly rounded; lingual lure damaged in zontal axis of body, the opening strongly curved holotype, described here from paratypes: very simi- when viewed dorsally; upper-jaw length 2.55 (2.5- lar to Figure 3c of Kishimoto in Carpenter & 2.55) in head length; width of maxilla equal to Niem (2001: 3521), flat and broadly triangular at orbit diameter in holotype; width of mouth 2.2 base, about as long as width of mouth, with a (2.15-2.35) in head length; margin of lips with fringe of long cirri along each edge; cirri progres- well-formed cirri, 15 in upper lip and 21 in lower sively longer basally, the longest about equal to

Fig. 7. Smallest paratype of Uranoscopus rosette, SMF 14284, 92 mm, Gulf of Aqaba. Photo by S. Tränkner. aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 214 John E. Randall and Rachel J. Arnold

Table I. Proportional measurements of type specimens of Uranoscopus rosette as percentages of the standard length.

Holotype Paratypes BPBM SMF HUJ UW USNM HUJ 20844 24189 7178 151495 405546 8534 Standard Length (mm) 203 150.5 165 168.5 199.5 216 Sex female male female male female female Body depth 24.7 25.0 27.6 26.6 25.4 26.2 Caudal-peduncle depth 11.5 11.8 11.3 12.2 11.6 10.5 Head length 38.3 39.7 40.2 39.9 39.3 41.2 Head width 38.0 37.9 39.5 40.2 39.1 35.6 Snout length 6.6 6.7 6.9 6.6 6.8 6.5 Orbit diameter 5.4 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.0 5.1 Interorbital width 7.9 7.6 7.3 7.7 7.6 7.9 Least depth of infraorbitals 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.3 Greatest depth of infraorbitals 11.6 11.9 12.4 12.2 11.8 11.8 Length of interorbital fossa 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.7 8.1 7.2 Width of interorbital fossa 8.0 8.1 7.2 7.8 7.9 7.4 Distance between gill openings 25.1 24.9 26.2 25.6 25.9 24.7 Between basipterygial processes 8.6 9.4 8.3 10.1 9.5 6.7 Upper-jaw length 15.1 15.9 16.3 16.0 15.3 15.3 Width of mouth 17.2 17.3 17.0 17.9 18.3 17.5 Cleithral-spine length 8.4 9.8 9.4 9.2 8.3 8.6 Predorsal length 40.0 41.1 40.6 42.1 40.5 38.7 Base of first dorsal fin 14.4 12.4 14.5 13.4 14.2 13.3 Longest dorsal spine 9.0 8.0 8.3 7.9 8.7 9.5 Longest dorsal ray 17.4 17.2 17.6 18.8 17.3 18.6 Longest anal ray 15.4 15.3 15.7 15.5 15.1 15.6 Caudal-fin length 30.5 31.1 31.3 29.6 30.1 29.3 Pectoral-fin length 28.7 30.0 30.6 28.7 30.2 30.8 Pelvic-fin length 19.4 20.2 19.3 21.7 19.7 21.0 interorbital width; distal part of lure a slender rib- Color of holotype in alcohol pale yel- bon-like filament with short cirri on edges, its lowish brown dorsally, grading to yellowish white length one-half distance separating cleithral spines; ventrally, with about three irregular longitudinal anterior nostril a small tapering conical tubule; rows of rosette-like brown spots on about dorsal posterior nostril a longitudinal slit in a slightly ele- half of body; dorsal part of head to interorbitals vated base. finely dotted with dark brown; first dorsal fin black Dorsal fins narrowly separated; origin of first dor- except for a small pale triangular part anteriorly at sal fin above tip of cleithral spine; predorsal length base and a small pale spot at rear base of fin; sec- 2.5 (2.35-2.6) in SL; first dorsal spine longest, 4.25 ond dorsal fin with translucent membranes and (4.35-5.05) in head length; margin of second dor- light brown rays, dotted with brown, pale at tips of sal fin posterior to third ray straight; third dorsal last ten rays; anal fin similar, but only last four rays soft ray longest, 2.2 (2.1-2.3) in head length; with a few small dark spots; caudal fin with twelfth anal soft ray longest, 2.5 (2.55-2.65) in translucent membranes and brown rays finely spot- head length; caudal fin slightly rounded, 3.3 (3.2- ted with dark brown, the ray tips paler; pectoral 3.4) in SL; posterior margin of pectoral fins fins with translucent membranes and brown rays, strongly angular, the seventh or eighth pectoral ray paler at tips; pelvic fins pale yellowish brown. longest, reaching posterior to a vertical at base of Color in life of holotype (Fig. 4); color third anal ray, 3.5 (3.25-3.5) in SL; dorsal margin when fresh (Fig. 5); color in dorsal view in alcohol of pectoral fin straight; fifth pelvic ray longest, (Fig. 6). Figure 7 provides three views of the small- 1.95 (1.85-2.1) in head length. est paratype in alcohol; the oblique white area dor-

215 aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 Uranoscopus rosette, a new species of stargazer (Uranoscopidae: Trachinoidei) from the Red Sea sal to the tip of the pectoral fin is from damage to spots or irregular circles in approximate rows, and the specimen. The underwater photograph of Fig. the caudal fin lacking a white posterior margin. 8 is provided to show color variation. As noted above, Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus is not Etymology: The species name rosette is in refer- a senior synonym of U. sulphureus Valenciennes, ence to the diagnostic circular clusters of spots, nor of U. rosette. The holotype of U. sulphureus is many rose-like, dorsally on the body. badly damaged, but the photographs (Fig. 3) shows Remarks: Uranoscopus rosette has long been very large eyes, narrow interorbital space, and a dis- misidentified as Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus Kner, tinctive U-shaped interorbital fossa extending to type locality, Fiji. Photographs of Kner’s holotype the posterior margin of the eyes that clearly differ- of U. fuscomaculatus, NMW 59954 (Figs 1 & 2) entiate the species. reveal a more elongate , the body depth at anal- Underwater photographs of Uranoscopus rosette fin origin about 4.5 in SL, compared to 3.75-4.05 have also been misidentified as U. dollfusi Brüss, a in U. rosette. Also it is not as broad as U. rosette, species previously reported from mud or silty sand the head width about 3 in SL, compared to 2.5- substrata in the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Oman, and 2.65. Other noteworthy differences from U. rosette the Persian Gulf (Randall, 1995). It is readily dis- are the long slender lingual filament without a tinguished by lacking dark spots dorsally on the fringe of cirri on the edges, the horizontal cleithral body, having a white band along the base of the spine (axis of spine of U. rosette angles dorsally), black first dorsal fin, suprascapular spines, and a the colofr pattern of straight rows of dark spots slender, blade-like, tapering, lingual lure, without dorsally on the body, compared to clusters of dark cirri on the edges.

Fig. 8. Uranoscopus rosette, Hurghada, Egypt, 12 m. Photo by A. Golubev. aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 216 John E. Randall and Rachel J. Arnold

The holotype of Uranoscopus rosette was discov- Smith of the U.S. National Museum of Natural ered buried in a sand patch within a reef area at a History for the loan of specimens; Sandra Raredon depth of 15 m, with just the eyes and mouth visi- of the USNM for x-rays of Uranoscopus rosette; ble. It was anesthetized, carefully dug from the sed- Romain Causse of the Muséum National d’His- iment to avoid the cleithral spine, and pho- toire Naturelle in Paris for the photograph of the tographed holotype of U. sulphureus; Sven Tränkner of the A second specimen of Uranoscopus (BPBM Senckenberg Museum for the photograph of the 41103, 213 mm SL) was collected at the same time smallest paratype of U. rosette; Helmut Wellendorf and place as the holotype of U. rosette. It differs in of the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna for the color pattern in having about the upper half of the photographs of the holotype of U. fuscomaculatus; body speckled with small dark brown spots (none and Andrey Golubev for the undersea photograph larger than 2 mm). The counts and measurements of U. rosette in Egypt. We are also grateful to are remarkably like those of U. rosette, and we iden- Loreen R. O’Hara and Arnold Y. Suzumoto of the tify it as this species, but we do not make it a Bishop Museum for curatorial assistance, and paratype. Helen A. Randall for the dorsal-view photograph of the holotype of U. rosette. Sergey V. Bogorod- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS sky, Theodore W. Pietsch, and Helen A. Randall We thank Dr. Tilman J. Alpermann of the Senck- reviewed the manuscript. enberg Museum in Frankfurt, Dr. Daniel Golani of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, and Shirleen

Fig. 9. X-ray of paratype of Uranoscopus rosette, USNM 375417, 168 mm, N of Koseir, Egypt. Photo by S. Raredon.

217 aqua vol. 18 no. 4 - 15 October 2012 Uranoscopus rosette, a new species of stargazer (Uranoscopidae: Trachinoidei) from the Red Sea

REFERENCES Sea. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, BRÜSS, R. 1986. Two new species of Uranoscopus Linnaeus, Jerusalem. xxii + 437 pp 1758, from the Red Sea: U. dollfusi n. sp. and U. bau- GOLANI, D. & BOGORODSKY, S. V. 2010. Fishes of the chotae n. sp. Bulletin Muséum. National d’Histoire. Red Sea – reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa Naturelle ser. 4, sect. A, 8 (4): 955-967. 2463: 1-139. BRÜSS, R. 1987a. Tiefenwasser- und Tiefseefische aus dem GOREN, M. & DOR, M. 1994. An Updated Checklist of Roten Meer. XIII. Uranoscopus marisrubri n. sp. aus dem the Fishes of the Red Sea CLOFRES II. Israel Academy of zentralen und nördlichen Roten Meer (Pisces: Perci- Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem and Interuniversity formes: Uranoscopidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 68 Institute for Marine Sciences, Elat, xii + 120 pp. (1/3): 39-48. KHALAF M. A. & DISI, A. M. 1997. Fishes of the Gulf of BRÜSS, R. 1987b. Uranoscopus dahlakensis n. sp. und Neu- Aqaba. Marine Science Station, Aqaba, Jordan, 252 pp. nachweis von U. scaber Linnaeus 1758 im Roten Meer KISHIMOTO, H. 1984. Redescription and lectotype desig- (Pisces: : Uranoscopidae). Senckenbergiana nation of the stargazer, Uranoscopus kaianus Günther. Biologica 68 (1/3): 49-57. Copeia 1984 (4): 1009-1011. CARPENTER, K. E. & NIEM, V. H. 2001. The Living KNER, R. 1868. Ueber neue Fische aus dem Museum der Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific, vol. 6: v + Herren Johann Cäsar Goeffroy & Sohn in Hamburg. 3381-4218 pp. Food and Agriculture Organization of Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wis- the United Nations, Rome. senschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche. 58 (1- CUVIER, G. & VALENCIENNES, A. 1832. Histoire Naturelle 2): 293–356. de Poissons, vol. 8. F. G. Levrault, Paris, xix + 509 pp. LIESKE, E. & MYERS, R. F. 2004. Coral Reef Guide Red Sea. DEBELIUS, H. 1998. Red Sea Reef Guide. IKAN, Frankfurt. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd., London, 384 pp. 321 pp. PIETSCH, T. W. 1989. Phylogenetic relationships of trachi- ESCHMEYER, W. N. & COLLABORATORS. 2012. Catalog of noid fishes of the family Uranoscopidae. Copeia 1989 Fishes. Http://research.calacademy.org/ichthyology/cata- (2): 253-303. log/fishcatsearch. html. RANDALL, J. E., ALLEN, G. R. & STEENE, R. C. 1990. DOR, M. 1970. Nouveaux poissons pour la faune de la Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Crawford Mer Rouge. Bulletin Sea Fisheries Research Station Haifa, House Press, Bathurst, New South Wales, 507 pp. Israel 54: 7-28. RANDALL, J. E. 1995. Coastal Fishes of Oman. University of DOR, M. 1984. CLOFRES: Checklist of the fishes of the Red Hawai‘i Press, Honolulu, xiii + 439 pp.

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