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A New Species and a New Subspecies of the Stargazer Genus Gnathagnus from Northwestern Australia

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A New Species and a New Subspecies of the Stargazer Genus Gnathagnus from Northwestern Australia Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 魚 類 学 雑 誌 Vol. 36, No. 3 1 9 8 9 36 巻 3 号 1 9 8 9 年 A New Species and a New Subspecies of the Stargazer Genus Gnathagnus from Northwestern Australia Hirokazu Kishimoto (Received December 2, 1988) Abstract Heretofore the genus Gnathagnus (Uranoscopidae) has been composed of three species: G. elongatus (Temminck et Schlegel) from northern Australia to Japan, G. innotabilis (Waite) from Australasia, and G. egregius (Jordan et Thompson) from the western Atlantic Ocean. In this paper, a new species and a new subspecies from northwestern Australia are described and a key to the known species and subspecies of the genus is presented. The members of the genus Gnathagnus Gill, the course of this study, an undescribed species in 1861 (Uranoscopidae, Perciformes) change mor- this genus from Australia was found and the phologically with growth to such an extent that Australian form of G. elongatus was recognized the young have been regarded as a different genus to be different from the Japanese form in several and species from the adult on two occasions. morphometrical features. In this paper, the two Amaoka et al. (1986) pointed out that Ariscopus are described, the latter as a new subspecies, and iburius Jordan et Snyder, 1902 is the young of G. all species and subspecies are compared. elongatus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1843). Myers (1946) stated that Benthoscopus laticeps Longley Materials examined et Hildebrand, 1940 is the adult of Execestides egregius Jordan et Thompson, 1905 and that both The study materials are deposited in the fol- Benthoscopus Longley et Hildebrand, 1940 and lowing institutions: AMS: Australian Museum, Execestides Jordan et Thompson, 1905 should be Sydney; BSKU: Department of Biology, Faculty transferred to Gnathagnus. of Science, Kochi University, Kochi; CAS-SU: Although Whitley and Phillipps (1939) establish- California Academy of Sciences, California; ed the genus Gnathagnoides for Gnathagnus innota- CSIRO: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial bilis (Waite, 1904), the differences are too slight to Research Organization, Hobart; FSFL: Far Seas Fisheries Research Laboratory, Shimizu; HCM: justify the generic separation as Mees (1960) point- ed out. In addition, they divided G. innotabilis this abbreviation i tentatively given by the present into two subspecies, G. innotabilis innotabilis from. author for a speci,Tren of Hakodate City Museum, Australia and G. innotabilis grandior from New Hakodate; IORD: Institute of Oceanic Research Zealand, only on the basis of size difference: The and Development, Tokai University, Shimizu; New Zealand form is larger than the Australian MSM: Marine Science Museum, Tokai University, form. However, this does not seem to be the case Shimizu; NSMT: National Science Museum, The largest specimens from New Zealand and Tokyo; NMNZ: National Museum of New Australia used in the present study are almost equal Zealand, Wellington; USNM U.S. National in size (321 vs. 345 mm SL) and both are usually of Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institu- nearly the maximum size when they are caught tion, Washington; WAM: Western Australian Museum, Perth; ZUMT: Department of Zoology, (the New Zealand form attains a length of 45 cm according to Ayling and Cox, 1982; the Australian University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo. form, 40cm according to Last et al., 1983). Thus, Comparative material. Gnathagnus innotabilis from as Mees stated, G. innotabilis grandior is identical southeastern Australia: AMS-E 4942, 90.7mm SL, East of Babel I., Bass Strait, 120-135m, by "Endeavour", to G. innotabilis innotabilis. 1914; AMS-I 6755-7 (3 syntypes), 108-123mm SL, off As a result, the four generic, three species and a Narrabeen, near Sydney, N.S.W., 33•‹43'S, 151•‹19'E, subspecies names have been shown to represent reg. Apr. 1904; AMS-IB 6998, 86.8mm SL, off Port three species of the genus Gnathagnus. During Stephens, N.S.W., 32•‹S, 152•‹E, trawl, by B. Mitchell, ― 3 0 3 ― 魚類学雑誌 Japan. J. lchthyol. 36(3), 1989 19 Feb. 1964; CSIRO-C 703 and 704, 87.7 and 97.6mm IORD79-257, 237mm SL, off Okitsu, Suruga Bay, SL, data unknown ; CSIRO-C 4784, 322mm SL, 150 m, 9 Oct. 1979; IORD79-264, 250mm SL, off 35•‹39'S, 150•‹39'E, 300-400m, 30 Aug. 1976; CSIRO- Miho Pen., Suruga Bay, 45-90m, 29 Oct. 1979; CA 499, 193mm SL, east coast of Tasmania, 41•‹29'S, IORD79-272, 248mm SL, off Miho Pen., Suruga Bay, 148•‹22'E, 50-52m, 6 Nov. 1978; CSIRO-CA 3761, 186 70-150 m, 4 Nov. 1979; IORD79-274, 191mm SL, off mm SL, off east coast of Tasmania, 42•‹32'S, 148•‹19'E, Miho Pen., Suruga Bay, 12 Nov. 1979; IOR D79-291 100m, 7 Nov. 1978; FSFL-EB 728, 345mm SL, and 292, 174 and 122mm SL, Owase, Mie Pref., 34•‹58.2'S, 151•‹06.7'E, 381m, 31 Dec. 1975; FSFL-ED 200 m, 15 Nov. 1979; IORD80-7, 75.3mm SL, inside 059, 324mm SL, 34•‹47.0'S, 151•‹15.2'E, 166m, 31 Dec. water of Miho Pen., Suruga Bay, 10-20m, 20 March 1975. 1980; IORD80-8, 70.2mm SL, off Miho Pen., Suruga New Zealand: IORD85-33 (from NMNZ), 245mm Bay, 31 March 1980; IORD80-26-36, 3 specimens, SL, Bay of Plenty; NMNZ-P 2904, 220mm SL, Cape 50.0-61.5mm SL and 8 specimens, 140-279mm SL, Campbell, 41•‹44'S, 174•‹16'E, 73.2 m, 11 Dec. 1959; Owase, Mie Pref., 100-200m, 23 Feb., 1980; IORD80- NMNZ-P 4838, 341mm SL, east of Aldermans, 36•‹58'S, 43, 119mm SL, off Miho Pen., Suruga Bay, 9 May 176•‹05'E, 146 m, 13 Sep. 1968; NMNZ-P 11115, 46.2 1980; IORD80-160, 41.5mm SL, Sagami Bay, 8 Dec. mm SL, Bay of Plenty, 37•‹46.7'-45.7'S, 176•‹40.3'E, 1980; IORD81-264-266, 107-114mm SL, Numazu 38 m, 7 May 1975; NMNZ-P 16110, 176mm SL, off Fish Market, Suruga Bay, 27 Oct. 1981; IORD81-350, Slipper I., 37•‹27.2'-25.3'S, 176•‹27.2-24.3'E, 187-193m, 370mm SL, central part of Suruga Bay, 35•‹00.7'N- 22 Sep. 1984; NMNZ-P 16118, 105mm SL, off 138•‹32.8'E, trawl, 22 Sept. 1981; IORD82-354 and Tauranga Harbor, 37•‹46.7'-46.2'S, 176•‹58.0'-54.2'E, 355, 140 and 167mm SL, off Fuji River, Suruga Bay, 60-78m, 18 Sep. 1984; NMNZ-P 16176, 309mm SL, 225 m, 8 Dec. 1982; IORD82-374 and 375, 230 and off Motuhora I., 37•‹41.3'-42.0'S, 177•‹35.9'-31.9'E, ca. 240mm SL, central part of Suruga Bay, 34•‹52.15'N, 89-98m, 17 Sep. 1984. 138•‹31.32'E, trawl, 10 Jan. 1982: IORD83-12-15, Gnathagnus egregius: CAS-SU 8411 (holotype of 60.9-210mm SL, Suruga Bay, by deep trawl, 10 May Execestides egregius), 45.5mm SL, Reef at Garden 1983; IORD83-322, 171mm SL, off Miho Pen, Suruga Key, Tortugas, Fla.; IORD51-1 (orig. USNM 186210), Bay, 45 m, 14 Sep. 1983; MSM-72-249, 242mm SL, 77.9mm SL, M/V "Oregon" Stn. 331, south of Pen- Shige fish market, Numazu, Suruga Bay, 28 March sacola, 30•‹03'N, 96•‹56'W, 40' flat trawl, 4 May 1951; 1972; MSM-73-25 and 26, 55.6 and 60.2mm SL, Shige IORD62-1 (from USNM), 137mm SL, M/V "Oregon" fish market, Numazu, Suruga Bay, 19 Jan. 1973; MSM- Stn. 3649, east of Mississippi Delta, 29•‹13'N, 88•‹07'W, 80-175, 108mm SL, Numazu, Suruga Bay, trawl, 4 275m, 24 July 1962; IORD62-2 (orig. one among three Nov. 1980; NSMT-P 29559, 69.3mm SL, coast of of USNM 188012), 235mm SL, off Mississippi Delta, Miho Pen., Suruga Bay, by beach seine pulled from 29•‹10.5'N, 88•‹08.5'E, 23 Oct. 1962; radiograph of about 10 m in depth, 2 May 1972; NSMT-P 29577, USNM 108879 (holotype of Benthoscopus laticeps), 114mm SL, off Okitsu, Suruga Bay, 5 Mar. 1972; 200mm SL, south of Tortugas, Fla., between 165 and USNM 296639 (orig. IORD79-258), 227mm SL, off 320m; USNM 188012 (2 among 3 specimens), 230 Okitsu, Suruga Bay, 150 m, 11 Oct. 1979; USNM and 264mm SL, off Mississippi Delta, 29•‹10.5'N, 296634 (orig. IORD82-12), 103mm SL, coast of Miho 88•‹08.5'E, 23 Oct. 1962. Pen., Suruga Bay, by beach seine pulled from about Gnathagnus elongatus elongatus from Hokkaido, 10m in depth, 21 Apr. 1982; USNM 296635 (orig. Japan: CAS-SU 6544 (holotype of Ariscopus iburius), IORD82-356), 166mm SL, off Fuji River, Suruga Bay, 59.8mm SL, off Iburi, Volcano Bay; HCM 30290 225m, 8 Dec. 1982; ZUMT 21997 and 21998, 52.7 (not a type specimen, but referred to in the original and 53.2mm SL, Wakayama Pref. description of A. iburius), 53.1mm SI., data same as The Japan Sea coast: MSM-71-225, 231mm SL, holotype. detailed data unknown, May 1971; MSM-71-751, The Pacific coast of Japan: BSKU 36802, 36205 and 230mm SL, detailed data unknown, Nov. 1971; ZUMT and 36207, 224-308mm SL, a fish market in Kochi 19267, 59.7mm SL, Wajima, Ishikawa Pref. Pref., 19 Jan. and 11 Mar. 1982; IORD69-4, 82.4mm The East China Sea: BSKU 34725 and 34726, 254 SL, Kounoura, Mie Pref., 25 June 1969; IORD69-5-7, and 187mm SL, 29•‹19.15'N, 127•‹15.5'E, 230-250m, 40.7-48.6mm SL, Kumanonada, Kii Pen., Dec. 1969; 19 Dec. 1979; BSKU 33733, 233mm SL, 30•‹04.64'N, IORD78-174, 282mm SL, Kyushu-Palau Ridge, 23 127•‹40.70'E, 220-245 m, 27 Oct.
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