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Targeting in Complex Emergencies: Darfur Case Study

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Targeting in Complex Emergencies: Darfur Case Study Targeting in Complex Emergencies: Darfur Case Study Helen Young and Daniel Maxwell April 2009 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................... iii Prologue.......................................................................................................................................................................iv Acronyms......................................................................................................................................................................v Executive Summary....................................................................................................................................................vi I. Introduction and Background ................................................................................................................................1 Background to the conflict........................................................................................................................................1 Peace processes, ongoing conflict, and the ICC...................................................................................................3 The WFP in Darfur ...................................................................................................................................................5 Overview of report....................................................................................................................................................8 II. Operational Aspects of Targeting in Complex Emergencies ..............................................................................8 Six essential targeting questions ...............................................................................................................................8 Stakeholders analysis (program cycle version).........................................................................................................9 Information systems and their impact on targeting...................................................................................................4 Assessment...........................................................................................................................................................5 Monitoring and evaluation ...................................................................................................................................6 Targeting: inclusion, exclusion, and timing..............................................................................................................6 Post-distribution dynamics...................................................................................................................................8 Community involvement in targeting ..................................................................................................................9 Operational constraints ...........................................................................................................................................11 Discussion: information, analysis, and targeting ....................................................................................................14 III. Governance and Participation ...........................................................................................................................14 Background on local governance in the Darfur region ...........................................................................................15 Traditional means of dealing with vulnerability and needs................................................................................17 Changes to local governance as a result of conflict and crisis................................................................................18 Challenges and changes to the traditional role of leaders among the IDPs........................................................18 Women’s representation in the tribal structures.................................................................................................20 New governance structures linked to international presence and humanitarian response..................................20 Food Relief Committees and humanitarian governance .........................................................................................23 Changing role of traditional leaders within the camps—from local authority to humanitarian actor ................23 The Food Relief Committees .............................................................................................................................24 Legitimacy and authority ...................................................................................................................................26 Representativeness—selection of members of the FRC ....................................................................................27 Incentives or benefits of being a member ..........................................................................................................27 Role of women on the FRC................................................................................................................................28 Accountability and transparency........................................................................................................................29 Responsiveness (recourse or complaints mechanisms)......................................................................................29 Participation—a WFP policy objective...................................................................................................................30 Protection/targeting linkages ..................................................................................................................................32 IV. Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................................................................34 Conclusions.............................................................................................................................................................34 Feinstein International Center May 2009 i General conclusions ...........................................................................................................................................36 Conclusions on targeting....................................................................................................................................37 Conclusions on participatory mechanisms.........................................................................................................40 Recommendations...................................................................................................................................................42 Annexes.......................................................................................................................................................................47 1. Research objectives.............................................................................................................................................47 2. Research questions..............................................................................................................................................47 3. Research methodology........................................................................................................................................47 References...............................................................................................................................................................53 Cover Photo: A woman in Rosay, West Darfur, shows the difference between WFP food aid before and after processing (photo by Helen Young). Feinstein International Center May 2009 ii Acknowledgements This report is one of the five in-depth case studies on Targeting in Complex Emergencies prepared by Feinstein International Center at Tufts University. It was commissioned by the World Food Programme with the support from the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO), Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and the UK Department for International Development (DfID). We would like to acknowledge the efforts and assistance of many individuals throughout the course of this research. In the WFP Sudan Country Office, we would like to acknowledge the support of Kenro Oshidari, Ilaria Dettori, Yvonne Forsen, Corinne Fleischer, Daniel Molla, William Nall, Mariko Kawabata, and Paul Buffard. Particular thanks go to Bakri Osman, Abdul Rahim Norein (VAM Officers for South and West Darfur, respectively), and Marwan Mirghani, who accompanied the field team and willingly shared their many years of direct experience and knowledge of the region and the WFP program. We would also like to thank Sally Haydock and the entire staff of West Darfur Office, as well as Samir Wanmali and the staff of the South Darfur Office and Ed Daen sub office. In WFP Rome we would like to acknowledge the support of Nicholas Crawford, Sheila Grudem, Sarah Laughton, Joyce Luma, Alessia Rossi, Gaurab Tewari, Maria Novella Andrielli, and Arif Husain. We would also like to thank the staff of all of the WFP partners and other agencies we met with, both in Khartoum and in the field in Darfur. We would especially like to thank local leaders in the communities we visited and all the community groups who took time to
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