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Desert Locust Crisis Appeal, January 2020–December 2021: Revised Appeal for Sustaining Control Efforts and Protecting Livelihoods (Six-Month Extension)

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Desert Locust Crisis Appeal, January 2020–December 2021: Revised Appeal for Sustaining Control Efforts and Protecting Livelihoods (Six-Month Extension) Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen Desert locust crisis appeal January 2020–December 2021 Revised appeal for sustaining control efforts and protecting livelihoods (six-month extension) Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen Desert locust crisis appeal January 2020–December 2021 Revised appeal for sustaining control efforts and protecting livelihoods (six-month extension) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2021 REQUIRED CITATION FAO. 2021. Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen – Desert locust crisis appeal, January 2020–December 2021: Revised appeal for sustaining control efforts and protecting livelihoods (six-month extension). Rome. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. © First edition: 2020 FAO, 2021 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons license. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. 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Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. Final status of the Abyei area is not yet determined. Cover photograph: ©FAO/Sven Torfinn Contents At a glance 1 Crisis overview 3 Regional livelihood implications 5 Regional food security implications 7 Forecast scenario 9 Strategic approach 10 ▶ Curb the spread of desert locust. 15 ▶ Safeguard livelihoods and promote early recovery . 21 ▶ Coordination and preparedness. 23 ©FAO/Michael Tewelde At a glance In the Greater Horn of Africa, significant progress has been made since January 2020 on issues related to capacity building to detect, report and apply technically-sound and safe standard operating procedures to control the desert locust infestations. This has allowed governments in Number of people facing the region to treat over 2.1 million ha of infested areas and avert a major acute food insecurity: humanitarian catastrophe by protecting food production and rangeland, ▶ over 48 million people in the and preventing the movement of desert locust to West Africa. ten affected countries in 2020 and ▶ over 35.6 million people Figure 1. Countries included in the six-month appeal extension in the five remaining targeted countries in 2021 2.5 million ha of land targeted for control in the ten countries (by June 2021): ▶ 1.3 million ha reached in 2020 COUNTRIES INCLUDED IN THE APPEAL EXTENSION ▶ 0.8 million ha targeted in 2021 5 ▶ 0.4 million ha targeted from Ethiopia Kenya July to December 2021 Somalia Sudan Yemen 307 000 households reached Source: United Nations Geospatial 2020 World map [online] Washington, D C , UN [Cited 21 June 2021] www un org/geospatial/content/map-world; modified using FAO data with rapid livelihoods protection under the appeal since January 2020 (excluding the targets of In the Arabian Peninsula, control operations have treated more than 2021 Humanitarian Response 450 000 ha of desert locust infestations, including 48 000 ha in Yemen, Plans [HRP]): since January 2020. However, Yemen remains an important reservoir and ▶ 298 000 households source area for desert locust due to continual and widespread rains that targeted since January 2020 caused unusually favourable ecological conditions for breeding. Over two million hectares of desert locust infested land have been treated USD 230.45 million in the Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen since January 2020. These efforts total appeal funding requirement are estimated to have protected over 4 million tonnes of cereal and more (since January 2020) and funding than 830 million litres of milk, valued at over USD 1.62 billion. Altogether, requirement in 2021 (excluding the livelihoods and food security of over 38 million people were protected the amounts requested through as a result. country HRPs) ▶ 219.21 million Across the ten countries included in the Food and Agriculture Organization received to date of the United Nations (FAO) 2020 appeal for the Greater Horn of Africa ▶ 11.24 million and Yemen – Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, funding gap the Sudan, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania and Yemen – (for the fourth quarter of 2021) over 210 000 households, equivalent to some 1.1 million people, were assisted through anticipatory action and/or in-kind or cash livelihood recovery interventions. During early 2021, this number increased to 298 200 households. 1 ©FAO/Haji Dirir ©FAO/Haji 14 July 2020, Godobjiran, Nugal Region, Due to the prevailing favourable breeding conditions and the remaining Somalia. Desert locust swarm. presence of desert locust in Eastern Africa, FAO is extending its appeal until December 2021 (six months) continuing to focus on countries currently infested or under imminent threat, primarily in Ethiopia and Somalia, with continued surveillance and readiness to conduct control operations in Yemen. Since January 2020, generous contributions from resource partners have totalled USD 219.21 million, or 95 percent of the regional appeal. This leaves a funding gap of USD 11.24 million, focusing on Component 1 of the strategy (Curb the spread of desert locust) should current conditions continue into the fourth quarter of 2021. 2 | Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen – Revised desert locust crisis appeal (January 2020–December 2021) Crisis overview A desert locust upsurge is still underway in the Greater Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, while the situation has returned to normal in Southwest Asia and the potential spread to West Africa was stopped in July 2020, thanks to massive control operations from May to July 2020 in Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. Due to unexpected good rains, As anticipated, although substantial control operations are underway, the operations should be extended in battle to control the desert locust is not yet over. While locust numbers Ethiopia and Somalia to reduce are lower than last year at this time, the current upsurge continues. swarm formation by treating Unexpected good rains in late April and early May have caused widespread and detecting as many hopper breeding in the Horn of Africa, specifically in northwest Somalia and to a bands as possible, with increased lesser extent in eastern Ethiopia. preparedness, survey and possible control in Yemen New swarms that form later in June and during July are expected to move west to the Afar region in northeast Ethiopia for one generation of summer breeding from August to October. This could allow the upsurge to continue until at least the end of the year. The locust situation in Kenya is now calm. Nevertheless, under a no-regrets and anticipatory action approach, flexible contracts have been established so that the mobilization of aerial assets can take place rapidly if needed. The Sudan, as a frontline country, has the necessary capacity to survey traditional breeding areas and act in a timely manner. FAO replenished pesticide stocks ahead
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