New Technology for Desert Locust Control
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Locusts in Queensland
LOCUSTS Locusts in Queensland PEST STATUS REVIEW SERIES – LAND PROTECTION by C.S. Walton L. Hardwick J. Hanson Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the many people who provided information for this assessment. Clyde McGaw, Kevin Strong and David Hunter, from the Australian Plague Locust Commission, are also thanked for the editorial review of drafts of the document. Cover design: Sonia Jordan Photographic credits: Natural Resources and Mines staff ISBN 0 7345 2453 6 QNRM03033 Published by the Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Qld. February 2003 Information in this document may be copied for personal use or published for educational purposes, provided that any extracts are fully acknowledged. Land Protection Department of Natural Resources and Mines GPO Box 2454, Brisbane Q 4000 #16401 02/03 Contents 1.0 Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Taxonomy.................................................................................................................. 2 3.0 History ....................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Outbreaks across Australia ........................................................................................ 3 3.2 Outbreaks in Queensland........................................................................................... 3 4.0 Current and predicted distribution ........................................................................ -
Potential Impact of Desert Locust to Nutrition Security in SOMALIA
POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DESERT LOCUST Emma Apo Ouma TO NUTRITION SECURITY IN SOMALIA WHAT IS THE CURRENT SITUATION? •Triple threat of Desert Locust, Gu flooding and COVID-19, •April and June 2020, an estimated 2.7 million people across Somalia are expected to face Crisis and deteriorate to 3.5 million between July and September 2020 WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR NUTRITION SECURITY? CROP AND PASTURE DAMAGE Threat to current Gu season crop production and may also threaten pasture availability and crop cultivation across Somalia through the following 2020 Deyr (October-December A swarm can eat enough food in one day to feed 34 million people. FALLING LIVESTOCK PRICES •Livestock diseases •Poor livestock nutrition; increased price of livestock feed •Reduced quality of livestock products eg milk, meat LOSS OF LIVELIHOODS •Disruption of food systems; critical value chains have been affected e.g. livestock, cereals such as sorghum, maize •Loss of wage and employment opportunities e.g. labor in the fields, value chain actors •Increase in livelihood based coping strategy: eg selling last breeding animal, spent savings, begging, reduced expenditure on livestock and agriculture •Reduced spending on non-food needs health care, education FOOD CONSUMPTION AND DIETARY DIVERSITY •With poor harvests, there is likelihood of poor food consumption at hhd level •Depletion of food stocks •Food Prices have increased •A majority if households rely on markets for food: increased reliance on purchased and processed foods •Compromise the nutrition of the most vulnerable: children less than 5, PLW, elderly, adolesents •Increased rates of acute malnutrition ONGOING EFFORTS Household Level Screening and referral of acute malnutrition cases Targeting of the most vulnerable (UCT) Community level ▪Burying locusts, setting fires, and making noise to scare them off. -
Guidance for POP Pesticides
Guidance for POP pesticides 1. Background on POP pesticides POPs Pesticides originate almost entirely from anthropogenic sources and are associated largely with the manufacture, use and disposition of certain organic chemicals. Of the initial 12 POPs chemicals, eight are POPs pesticide. In the new POP list, five chemicals may be categorised as pesticides. These are alpha hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH), beta hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), Chlordecone, Lindane (gamma, 1,2,3,4,5,6- hexaclorocyclohexane) and Pentachlorobenzene. This module addresses baseline data gathering and assessment of POPs pesticides. Particular care is required to address DDT due to its use for vector control and Lindane due to its use for control of ecto-parasites in veterinary and human application, which may be under the responsibility of authorities other than those responsible for primarily agricultural chemicals. In addition, it is important that all uses of HCB, alpha hexachorocyclohexane, beta hexachlorocyclohexane and pentachlorobenzene (industrial as well as pesticide) be properly addressed. Specialists with knowledge of each of these areas might be included in the task teams. 2. Objective To review and summarize the production, use, import and export of the chemicals listed in Annex A and Annex B of the Convention (excluding other chemicals listed under Annex A and B which are not considered as pesticides). To gather information on stockpiles and wastes containing, or thought to contain, POPs pesticides. To assess the legal and institutional framework for control of the production, use, import, export and disposal of the chemicals listed in Annex A and Annex B (excluding other chemicals which are not classed as pesticides) of the Convention. -
Periodical Cicadas SP 341 3/21 21-0190 Programs in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 4-H Youth Development, Family and Consumer Sciences, and Resource Development
SP 341 Periodical Cicadas Frank A. Hale, Professor Originally developed by Harry Williams, former Professor Emeritus and Jaime Yanes Jr., former Assistant Professor Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology The periodical cicada, Magicicada species, has the broods have been described by scientists and are longest developmental period of any insect in North designated by Roman numerals. There are three 13-year America. There is probably no insect that attracts as cicada broods (XIX, XXII and XXIII) and 12 17-year much attention in eastern North America as does the cicada broods (I-X, XIII, and XIV). Also, there are three periodical cicada. Their sudden springtime emergence, distinct species of 17-year cicadas (M. septendecim, filling the air with their high-pitched, shrill-sounding M. cassini, and M. septendecula) and three species of songs, excites much curiosity. 13-year cicadas (M. tredecim, M. tredecassini, and M. tredecula). Two races of the periodical cicada exist. One race has a life cycle of 13 years and is common in the southeastern In Tennessee, Brood XIX of the 13-year cicada had a United States. The other race has a life cycle of 17 years spectacular emergence in 2011 (Map 1). In 2004 and and is generally more northern in distribution. Due 2021, Brood X of the 17-year cicada primarily emerged to Tennessee’s location, both the 13-year and 17-year in East Tennessee (Map 2). Brood X has the largest cicadas occur in the state. emergence of individuals for the 17-year cicada in the United States. Brood XXIII of the 13-year cicada last Although periodical cicadas have a 13- or 17-year cycle, emerged in West Tennessee in 2015 (Map 3). -
Elements for the Sustainable Management of Acridoids of Importance in Agriculture
African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(2), pp. 142-152, 12 January, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR DOI: 10.5897/AJAR11.912 ISSN 1991-637X ©2012 Academic Journals Review Elements for the sustainable management of acridoids of importance in agriculture María Irene Hernández-Zul 1, Juan Angel Quijano-Carranza 1, Ricardo Yañez-López 1, Irineo Torres-Pacheco 1, Ramón Guevara-Gónzalez 1, Enrique Rico-García 1, Adriana Elena Castro- Ramírez 2 and Rosalía Virginia Ocampo-Velázquez 1* 1Department of Biosystems, School of Engineering, Queretaro State University, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro, México. 2Department of Agroecology, Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México. Accepted 16 December, 2011 Acridoidea is a superfamily within the Orthoptera order that comprises a group of short-horned insects commonly called grasshoppers. Grasshopper and locust species are major pests of grasslands and crops in all continents except Antarctica. Economically and historically, locusts and grasshoppers are two of the most destructive agricultural pests. The most important locust species belong to the genus Schistocerca and populate America, Africa, and Asia. Some grasshoppers considered to be important pests are the Melanoplus species, Camnula pellucida in North America, Brachystola magna and Sphenarium purpurascens in northern and central Mexico, and Oedaleus senegalensis and Zonocerus variegatus in Africa. Previous studies have classified these species based on specific characteristics. This review includes six headings. The first discusses the main species of grasshoppers and locusts; the second focuses on their worldwide distribution; the third describes their biology and life cycle; the fourth refers to climatic factors that facilitate the development of grasshoppers and locusts; the fifth discusses the action or reaction of grasshoppers and locusts to external or internal stimuli and the sixth refers to elements to design management strategies with emphasis on prevention. -
Grasshoppered: America's Response to the 1874
Nebraska History posts materials online for your personal use. Please remember that the contents of Nebraska History are copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society (except for materials credited to other institutions). The NSHS retains its copyrights even to materials it posts on the web. For permission to re-use materials or for photo ordering information, please see: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/magazine/permission.htm Nebraska State Historical Society members receive four issues of Nebraska History and four issues of Nebraska History News annually. For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: Grasshoppered: America’s Response to the 1874 Rocky Mountain Locust Invasion Full Citation: Alexandra M Wagner, “Grasshoppered: America’s Response to the 1874 Rocky Mountain Locust Invasion,” Nebraska History 89 (2008): 154-167 URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/NH2008Grasshoppered.pdf Date: 2/11/2014 Article Summary: It was a plague of biblical proportions, influencing generations of federal agricultural policy . and foreshadowing today’s expectations about the government’s role during natural disasters. Cataloging Information: Names: Swain Finch, Solomon Butcher, H Westermann, Robert W Furnas, Thomas A Osborn, E O C Ord, N A M Dudley, Jeffrey Lockwood, John S Pillsbury, John L Pennington Keywords: Swain Finch, H Westermann, Robert W Furnas, Thomas A Osborn, Rocky Mountain locust (Melanoplus spretus), Nebraska Relief and Aid Association, -
Desert Locusts in Eastern Africa
FACTS & FIGURES 9 countries affected in Greater Horn of Africa: Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, and Kenya worst affected 30.5 million people already severely food insecure in the region EU humanitarian funding: • €66 million allocated by the EU for Desert Locust related response (€41 million from EU humanitarian aid, €25 million from EU development aid) in 2020 • €8 million to support desert locusts’ surveillance and control operations in Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya and Sudan in 2021 ©FAO/Sven Torfinn Last updated 28/06/2021 European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations Desert locusts in Eastern Africa Introduction Since 2019, Eastern Africa has seen an upsurge of desert locusts, spreading across several countries at rates not seen in decades. At the end of 2020, the situation was still critical in the whole region. Thanks to major control efforts, the pest seems almost eradicated in Kenya and Sudan in 2021. However, populations of desert locust have been identified breeding in several areas in eastern Ethiopia and northern Somalia. This is due to the favourable conditions created by the short rainy season at the end of 2020 and early this year. New generations of hoppers are expected to move by the end of June 2021 towards north-eastern Somalia and northern areas of Ethiopia, threatening the harvest season and pasture areas. It is also necessary to monitor swarms that could come from Yemen, where the Desert Locust population remains high. With over 30 million people already severely food insecure in the region, the locust upsurge is an additional threat to food security. What are the needs? The food security situation could deteriorate further due to the impact of the multiple threats the region faces: (i) conflict, (ii) desert locusts, (iii) natural hazards caused by climate change (floods and droughts), (iv) economic crisis, and (v) the effects of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. -
Desert Locust Threat in the Sahel and West Africa
Desert Locust threat in the Sahel and West Africa Resilience Working Group Meeting (11 September 2020) Outline of Presentation 1. Original Risk of Desert Locust invasion 2. Potential impacts on food security 3. FAO’s Response Plan 4. Current Desert Locust situation and forecast 5. Ongoing activities ‐ Level of response 6. Resource mobilization Commission de Lutte contre le Criquet Pèlerin Resilience Team West Africa/Sahel dans la Région Occidentale (CLCPRO) 2 1. Original Risk of Desert Locust invasion in West Africa and the Sahel March 2020 : FAO/CLCPRO suggests that swarms may arrive in the Sahel from the Horn of Africa May 2020 : FAO Desert Locust Information Service (DLIS) confirms the risk of swarms appearing in the Sahel (Eastern Chad) from breeding areas in Saudi Arabia and Eastern Africa (Kenya, Ethiopia) as early as June 2020 May, 21st 2020 : FAO’s Regional Desert locust crisis Appeal for West Africa (May‐December 2020) launched CLCPRO : Commission for controlling the DL in Western Region Commission de Lutte contre le Criquet Pèlerin Resilience Team West Africa/Sahel dans la Région Occidentale (CLCPRO) 2. Impacts potentiels sur la sécurité alimentaire2. Potential impacts on food security Desert Locust = the world's oldest migratory pest and dangerous predator 1 swarm of 1 km2 can consume as much food as 35,000 people in one day Serious threat to food security and people's livelihoods With a locust invasion : 9.3 million people in crisis and worse In addition to the 17 million already projected for the lean season (June‐Aug. 2020) ‐ CH Econometric model: Estimated impact of locust attack on agricultural production (millet, sorghum and groundnut crops) and pasture/fodder. -
Grasshoppers
Grasshoppers Orthoptera: Acrididae Plains Lubber Pictured grasshoppers Great crested grasshopper Snakeweed grasshoppers Primary Pest Grasshoppers • Migratory grasshopper • Twostriped grasshopper • Differential grasshopper • Redlegged grasshopper • Clearwinged grasshopper Twostriped Grasshopper, Melanoplus bivittatus Redlegged Grasshopper, Melanoplus femurrubrum Differential Grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis Migratory Grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes Clearwinged Grasshopper Camnula pellucida Diagram courtesy of Alexandre Latchininsky, University of Wyoming Photograph courtesy of Jean-Francoise Duranton, CIRAD Grasshoppers lay pods of eggs below ground Grasshopper Egg Pods Molting is not for wimps! Grasshopper Nymphs Some grasshoppers found in winter and early spring Velvet-striped grasshopper – a common spring species Grasshopper Controls • Weather (rainfall mediated primarily) • Natural enemies – Predators, diseases • Treatment of breeding areas • Biological controls • Row covers Temperature and rainfall are important mortality factors Grasshoppers and Rainfall Moisture prior to egg hatch generally aids survival – Newly hatched young need succulent foliage Moisture after egg hatch generally reduces problems – Assists spread of diseases – Allows for plenty of food, reducing competition for rangeland and crops Grasshopper predators Robber Flies Larvae of many blister beetles develop on grasshopper egg pods Blister beetle larva Fungus-killed Grasshoppers Pathogen: Entomophthora grylli Mermis nigrescens, a nematode parasite of grasshoppers -
Desert Locust Bulletin Forecast Until Mid-May 2020
No. 498 4 APRIL 2020 General situation during March 2020 Desert Locust Bulletin Forecast until mid-May 2020 WESTERN REGION: CALM SITUATION. Scattered locusts in central Algeria, southwest Libya, and northern Mali. FORECAST. Limited breeding possible in Morocco, Algeria and Libya. CENTRAL REGION: THREAT SITUATION. Control operations against laying swarms, new-generation hopper bands and immature swarms in Kenya (33 968 ha treated ), Ethiopia (39 656 ha) and Somalia (159 ha); mature swarms in Uganda Widespread rains to cause a further deterioration in the (607 ha); a few hopper bands and swarms in Djibouti. situation Locusts declined in Red Sea winter areas of Sudan Widespread rains could allow a dramatic increase in locust (870 ha), Eritrea (5 640 ha), Egypt (15 ha) and Saudi numbers in East Africa, eastern Yemen and southern Iran. Arabia. Swarms in Iraq (1 625 ha) and Kuwait (21 ha); The current situation in East Africa remains extremely a group in UAE (2 ha); adult groups and hopper bands alarming as hopper bands and an increasing number in northeast Saudi Arabia (10 390 ha); hopper and of new swarms are forming in Kenya, southern Ethiopia adult groups in Oman (1 657 ha); bands and swarms in and Somalia. This represents an unprecedented threat southern Yemen (3 190 ha). to food security and livelihoods because it coincides with FORECAST. More swarms will form, mature and lay the beginning of the long rains and the planting season. eggs in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia with hatching Although ground and aerial control operations are in and band formation in May. -
DESERT LOCUST UPSURGE Progress Report on the Response in the Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen January–April 2021
DESERT LOCUST UPSURGE Progress report on the response in the Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen January–April 2021 DESERT LOCUST UPSURGE Progress report on the response in the Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen January–April 2021 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2021 REQUIRED CITATION FAO. 2021. Desert locust upsurge – Progress report on the response in the Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen (January–April 2021). Rome. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. © FAO, 2021 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. -
Western Sahara's Desert Wildlife
Western Sahara’s Desert Wildlife (Mammals) Naturetrek Tour Report 5 - 12 February 2020 Fennec Fox Lesser Egyptian Gerboa Temminck´s Lark Petrier´s Sand Gecko Report & Images by Javi Elorriaga Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Western Sahara’s Desert Wildlife (Mammals) Tour participants: Javi Elorriaga (leader) with five Naturetrek clients. Day 1 Wednesday 5th February Travel from UK to Dakhla via Amsterdam and Casablanca. The group reached Dakhla shortly after midnight and were welcomed by Javi, who had arrived a couple of days earlier to arrange the desert camp with his team in Dakhla. Next, we took the shuttle to the nearby hotel downtown. We got some snacks and by 01:30 everyone was in their rooms for some sleep. Day 2 Thursday 6th February Bay of Dakhla, Bir-Anzarane road and Desert Camp in Sbeta area. Next morning, we had an easy start at the terrace of the hotel and a briefing to discuss our programme for the coming days, exploring the Western Sahara together. In doing so, we saw an Osprey flying over the sea promenade. At 10:00, we met the rest of our local team, namely: Nico, of Italian origin and based in Dakhla where he has extensively explored the Western Sahara in a 4x4; Sidi, a native Saharawi who has gathered extensive experience living in the desert thanks to his previous occupation as a camel Shepherd but is now a wildlife tracker; and Amina, a Senegalese cook based in Dakhla, our house keeper.