DOCSLIB.ORG

Classification and Phylogeny of the Plant Genus Dianella Lam. Ex Juss

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Classification and Phylogeny of the Plant Genus Dianella Lam. Ex Juss Classification and phylogeny of the plant genus Dianella Lam. ex Juss. Karen Mary Muscat 2017 A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2017 School of BioSciences Faculty of Science The University of Melbourne The beauty and diversity of Dianella flowers, fruit and habitat. Photos by K.M Muscat, P.Y Ladiges, A.J Perkins and B Gray. Produced on archival quality paper ii Abstract The global distribution of Dianella Lam. ex Juss. (flax lilies, Asphodelaceae, Asparagales) extends from south-eastern Africa, Madagascar and India, to south-east Asia (north to Japan), Australia, Pacific Islands from Micronesia to Tahiti, Pitcairn Islands, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island and Hawaii. It occurs throughout Australia (excluding the central arid region), where there is the greatest diversity of 42 taxa (19 species and 23 varieties) (Australian Plant Census 2016). Of those, three taxa also extend to south-east Asia, and a further 17 species occur outside Australia (Australian Plant Census 2016; Kew World Checklist of Selected Families, compiled by Govaerts et al. 2016). Plants are characterised by two leaf forms: basal strap-like leaves and cauline leaves on aerial stems (+/- extravaginal branching units). The showy flowers have a characteristic struma between the anther and filament, while the fruit is a fleshy berry, typically in shades of purple. The name Dianella is attributed to the Greek goddess Diana, the mythical goddess of the hunt. A cpDNA phylogeny by Wurdack & Dorr (2009) found Dianella to be monophyletic and sister to the monotypic genus Eccremis from South America. However, there has been no comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of taxa within Dianella, which has the potential to reveal not only taxonomic relationships but biogeographic patterns and the evolutionary history of the group, including the role of polyploidy. Furthermore, species delimitations, including complexes of varieties, have been based only on morphology from field observation and herbarium samples and require further study. Using three chloroplast markers (trnQUUG–5'rps16, 3'rps16–5'trnK(UUU) and rpl14– rps8–infA–rpl36) and two nuclear markers, (ITS 4, ITS 5, 18SE-ETS and DIAN-ETS) molecular phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony are presented (Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5). Accessions include the majority of Australian and extra-Australian Dianella. The related outgroup genera Eccremis, Stypandra, Thelionema and Herpolirion were also included. The cpDNA and nrDNA phylograms were relatively congruent and a combined data set produced the most resolution. The combined results (Chapter 5) differed from those of Wurdack & Dorr (2009) in showing Stypandra with a sister relationship to Herpolirion + Thelionema. Within Dianella, resolved clades largely related to biogeographic regions, such as the iii Hawaiian Islands and New Caledonia, Norfolk Island related to New Zealand and Australian bioregions, revealing for example an early divergence between eastern and Western Australian lineages, congruent with the pattern for other Australian biota. Of the four Australian species complexes described by Rodney Henderson in The Flora of Australia, volume 45, the D. caerulea complex was found to be monophyletic except for two varieties that clustered with other far-north Queensland taxa, and two D. caerulea var. caerulea samples that are morphologically distinct when compared to taxa in the complex. Of the other species complexes, D. revoluta, D. pavopennacea and D. longifolia are each polyphyletic. Their relationships indicate biogeographic patterns, such as for D. longifolia accessions, which were resolved in two separate clades, one clade from the Kimberley and Northern Territory, and one clade from eastern and southern Australia. For extra-Australian Dianella, the widespread D. ensifolia was also polyphyletic occurring in multiple clades with distinct taxonomic units able to be recognised. Chromosome counts available from the literature were plotted on the phylogeny for Dianella and indicated that polyploidy has arisen multiple times, particularly in taxa of some of the Australian species complexes and in D. ensifolia sensu lato. These results indicate the need to recognise new species and to resurrect other taxa for Australian and extra-Australian Dianella. Chapter six is a morphometric, multivariate analysis (using phenetic clustering and ordination methods) of Hawaiian Dianella to determine the number of species on the islands. Field collections were made on Oahu, Maui, Hawaii and Kauai to examine populations in situ, develop species concepts and collect plant material for the dataset. The results indicate that five operational taxonomic units should be recognised including the current taxon D. sandwicensis. Fruit morphology is unique, with distinctive fruit dye colour and fruit surface colour in some taxa. D. lavarum, a narrow endemic that inhabits recent dry lava flows, observed in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, is to be resurrected. A review of herbarium specimens confirmed its distributional range extends to Maui, which is in agreement with Otto Degener who originally described the species. The D. caerulea complex was also analysed further in Chapter 7, based on extensive fieldwork in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia, using iv multivariate analysis of a morphological data set. Morphometric clusters were largely in agreement with Henderson's varieties, but it is recommended that some be raised to species level. D. caerulea var. assera and D. caerulea var. producta, which appear to be sister taxa based on the shared character extravaginal branching, were each found to include morphological variation. It is recommended that these taxa be recognised as species with three subgroups recognised in D. caerulea var. assera, and five subgroups in D. caerulea var. producta; however, further field sampling is required for taxonomic revision. v Declaration and statement of authorship This is to certify that: 1. This thesis comprises only my original work towards the Ph.D. Due acknowledgements have been made in the text and for the use of photographic images, and to all other material used. 2. This thesis is fewer than 100,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, maps, bibliographies and appendices. Karen Mary Muscat vi Acknowledgements I would firstly like to acknowledge the Dianella taxonomists, past and present who provided the stepping stones for the research in this thesis. My supervisors, Dr Mike Bayly and Prof. Pauline Ladiges for their mentorship, expertise, constructive discussions and the review of chapters. Prof. Gary Nelson for his wealth of knowledge and access to his book collection. The staff in the systematics lab, thank you for your support and assistance: Dr Tanja Schuster, Dr Joannne Birch, Dr Gill Brown, Erin Batty and Kathy Vohs. Fellow lab students, Rachel Fowler, Dr Rose Barrett, David Meagher, Dr Daniel Ohlsen, Dr Steph Conway, Cat Clowes, Alice Crowe, Emma Lewis, Dr Todd McLay and Dr Claire Marks. Steve Effedaris, The University of Melbourne Nursery Manager for his care and management of the living Dianella collection. To my family for your patience and assistance with field work, a big thank you. A special thank you to Monty, my little dog. To the numerous Australian botanists who attended field trips, provided information about certain localities, and sent living plant material in the mail, your support and interest in Dianella research was fundamental to the results in this project. Thank you to Dr Andrew Perkins, Dr Paul Forster, Dr Ailsa Holland, Val Stajsic, Neville Walsh, Geoff Carr, Peter Heenan, David Fell, David Cameron, Rober Miller, Colin Gibson Bruce Gray, Gary & Nada Sankowsky, Rod Henderson, Dr John Conran, Bill Molyneux, Ian Menkins, John McCabe, Dr Daniel Ohlsen, Fred & Sue Fetherston. Friends who assisted in the field: Dr Melanie Archer, Karen Lester, Wendy Clark, Ruth Jackson, Jenny Porter and David Shoesmith. Thank you to Geoff Carr who initially introduced me to the diversity and taxonomy of Dianella. Robert Miller and Colin Gibson, thank you for sharing your expertise in Dianella and introducing me to populations in the Blue Mountains region. For extra-Australian plant material used in the phylogeny, thank you to Dr Jenny Reid, Dr Liz James, Prof. Goro Kokubugata, Dr Sarder Uddin, Dr Sook Ngoh Phoon, Dr Barry Conn, Dr Shelley James and Oscar Parraga. Thank you to the Park Rangers at Dorrigo National Park, Moreton Island National Park and Townsville region for assistance with field work. Research on the Hawaiian Islands was supported by numerous colleagues. Thank you to the staff from Bishop Museum and National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kauai for vii your hospitality and assistance, which was fundamental to the success of this project. Thank you to Dr David Lorence, Tim Flynn and Rae Williams for assistance with loans, my collections and for your hospitality whilst on Kauai. Thank you Natalia Tangalin for attending all of the field trips and your skills in collecting Hawaiian Dianella in some difficult localities, and monitoring Dianella fruit on Kauai. Sierra McDaniel, Botanist from Hawaii Volcanoes National Park for providing Dianella flower images. Joel Lau for his invaluable knowledge about Hawaiian Dianella, access to photographs and providing locality information and attending field trips on Oahu. Kenji Suzuki for attending field trips on Oahu; Forest and Kim Starr, and Anna Palomino for access to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Native Orchid Society of South Australia
    NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA JOURNAL Volume 6, No. 10, November, 1982 Registered by Australia Post Publication No. SBH 1344. Price 40c PATRON: Mr T.R.N. Lothian PRESIDENT: Mr J.T. Simmons SECRETARY: Mr E.R. Hargreaves 4 Gothic Avenue 1 Halmon Avenue STONYFELL S.A. 5066 EVERARD PARK SA 5035 Telephone 32 5070 Telephone 293 2471 297 3724 VICE-PRESIDENT: Mr G.J. Nieuwenhoven COMMITTFE: Mr R. Shooter Mr P. Barnes TREASURER: Mr R.T. Robjohns Mrs A. Howe Mr R. Markwick EDITOR: Mr G.J. Nieuwenhoven NEXT MEETING WHEN: Tuesday, 23rd November, 1982 at 8.00 p.m. WHERE St. Matthews Hail, Bridge Street, Kensington. SUBJECT: This is our final meeting for 1982 and will take the form of a Social Evening. We will be showing a few slides to start the evening. Each member is requested to bring a plate. Tea, coffee, etc. will be provided. Plant Display and Commentary as usual, and Christmas raffle. NEW MEMBERS Mr. L. Field Mr. R.N. Pederson Mr. D. Unsworth Mrs. P.A. Biddiss Would all members please return any outstanding library books at the next meeting. FIELD TRIP -- CHANGE OF DATE AND VENUE The Field Trip to Peters Creek scheduled for 27th November, 1982, and announced in the last Journal has been cancelled. The extended dry season has not been conducive to flowering of the rarer moisture- loving Microtis spp., which were to be the objective of the trip. 92 FIELD TRIP - CHANGE OF DATE AND VENUE (Continued) Instead, an alternative trip has been arranged for Saturday afternoon, 4th December, 1982, meeting in Mount Compass at 2.00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Liliaceae S.L. (Lily Family)
    Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Photo: Ben Legler Photo: Hannah Marx Photo: Hannah Marx Lilium columbianum Xerophyllum tenax Trillium ovatum Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan Fritillaria lanceolata Ref.1 Textbook DVD KRR&DLN Erythronium americanum Allium vineale Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) Herbs; Ref.2 Stems often modified as underground rhizomes, corms, or bulbs; Flowers actinomorphic; 3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals, 6 stamens, 3 carpels, ovary superior (or inferior). Tulipa gesneriana Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family) “Liliaceae” s.l. (sensu lato: “in the broad sense”) - Lily family; 288 genera/4950 species, including Lilium, Allium, Trillium, Tulipa; This family is treated in a very broad sense in this class, as in the Flora of the Pacific Northwest. The “Liliaceae” s.l. taught in this class is not monophyletic. It is apparent now that the family should be treated in a narrower sense and some of the members should form their own families. Judd et al. recognize 15+ families: Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amarylidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Colchicaceae, Dracaenaceae (Nolinaceae), Hyacinthaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae, Themidaceae, Trilliaceae, Uvulariaceae and more!!! (see web reading “Consider the Lilies”) Iridaceae (Iris family) Photo: Hannah Marx Photo: Hannah Marx Iris pseudacorus Iridaceae (Iris family) Photo: Yaowu Yuan Photo: Yaowu Yuan Sisyrinchium douglasii Sisyrinchium sp. Iridaceae (Iris family) Iridaceae - 78 genera/1750 species, Including Iris, Gladiolus, Sisyrinchium. Herbs, aquatic or terrestrial; Underground stems as rhizomes, bulbs, or corms; Leaves alternate, 2-ranked and equitant Ref.3 (oriented edgewise to the stem; Gladiolus italicus Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic; 3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals; Stamens 3; Ovary of 3 fused carpels, inferior.
    [Show full text]
  • Asphodelus Fistulosus (Asphodelaceae, Asphodeloideae), a New Naturalised Alien Species from the West Coast of South Africa ⁎ J.S
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 79 (2012) 48–50 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Research note Asphodelus fistulosus (Asphodelaceae, Asphodeloideae), a new naturalised alien species from the West Coast of South Africa ⁎ J.S. Boatwright Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa Received 4 November 2011; received in revised form 18 November 2011; accepted 21 November 2011 Abstract Asphodelus fistulosus or onionweed is recorded in South Africa for the first time and is the first record of an invasive member of the Asphodelaceae in the country. Only two populations of this plant have been observed, both along disturbed roadsides on the West Coast of South Africa. The extent and invasive potential of this infestation in the country is still limited but the species is known to be an aggressive invader in other parts of the world. © 2011 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Asphodelaceae; Asphodelus; Invasive species 1. Introduction flowers (Patterson, 1996). This paper reports on the presence of this species in South Africa. A population of A. fistulosus was The genus Asphodelus L. comprises 16 species distributed in first observed in the early 1990's by Drs John Manning and Eurasia and the Mediterranean (Días Lifante and Valdés, 1996). Peter Goldblatt during field work for their Wild Flower Guide It is superficially similar to the largely southern African to the West Coast (Manning and Goldblatt, 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Caesia Parviflora
    Plants of South Eastern New South Wales Flower and seed case (var. parviflora). Australian Flowering stem (var. parviflora). Photographer Don Plant Image Index, photographer Murray Fagg, Ben Wood, Porters Gap Lookout, NW of Milton Boyd National park near Eden Flowering plant (var. minor). Photographer Russell Flowering stem with flower and spent flower (var. Best, Grampians National Park, Vic vittata). Australian Plant Image Index, photographer Paul Hadobas, north of Braidwood Common name Pale grass-lily. (Var. minor) Small Pale Grass-lily Family Hemerocallidaceae Where found Forest, woodland, heath, grassland, and damp places. var. minor: Kanangra Boyd National Park. Old records elsewhere. var. parviflora: Coast, ranges, and the eastern edge of the tablelands. var. vittata: Coast, ranges, and tablelands. Notes Perennial tufted herb to 0.75 m high with a branched rhizome. Hairless. Leaves basal, to 40 cm long, 1–8 mm wide, linear, with a more or less papery sheath at the base. Flowers with 6 'petals' each 3–8.5 mm long, greenish white to pink or blue, or mauve or purple. Flowers in clusters of 1–6. Family Anthericaceae in PlantNET. Family Asphodelaceae in VICFLORA. var. minor: Plant usually much less than 0.2 m high. Leaves to about 2 mm wide. Flowers mainly white or greenish white, also blue or purple, 'petals' less than 5 mm long. Flowers in many-branched clusters, the branches widely divergent, horizontal or spreading and turning up at the tips. Endangered NSW. Provisions of the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 No 63 relating to the protection of protected plants generally also apply to plants that are a threatened species.
    [Show full text]
  • Intro Outline
    THE REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF TWO TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS, CALADENIA RIGIDA AND CALADENIA TENTACULATA RENATE FAAST Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Adelaide, South Australia December, 2009 i . DEcLARATION This work contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution to Renate Faast and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to this copy of my thesis when deposited in the University Library, being made available for loan and photocopying, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. The author acknowledges that copyright of published works contained within this thesis (as listed below) resides with the copyright holder(s) of those works. I also give permission for the digital version of my thesis to be made available on the web, via the University's digital research repository, the Library catalogue, the Australasian Digital Theses Program (ADTP) and also through web search engines. Published works contained within this thesis: Faast R, Farrington L, Facelli JM, Austin AD (2009) Bees and white spiders: unravelling the pollination' syndrome of C aladenia ri gída (Orchidaceae). Australian Joumal of Botany 57:315-325. Faast R, Facelli JM (2009) Grazrngorchids: impact of florivory on two species of Calademz (Orchidaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 57:361-372. Farrington L, Macgillivray P, Faast R, Austin AD (2009) Evaluating molecular tools for Calad,enia (Orchidaceae) species identification.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life of Western Australia
    INTRODUCTION The characteristic features of the vegetation of Australia I. General Physiography At present the animals and plants of Australia are isolated from the rest of the world, except by way of the Torres Straits to New Guinea and southeast Asia. Even here adverse climatic conditions restrict or make it impossible for migration. Over a long period this isolation has meant that even what was common to the floras of the southern Asiatic Archipelago and Australia has become restricted to small areas. This resulted in an ever increasing divergence. As a consequence, Australia is a true island continent, with its own peculiar flora and fauna. As in southern Africa, Australia is largely an extensive plateau, although at a lower elevation. As in Africa too, the plateau increases gradually in height towards the east, culminating in a high ridge from which the land then drops steeply to a narrow coastal plain crossed by short rivers. On the west coast the plateau is only 00-00 m in height but there is usually an abrupt descent to the narrow coastal region. The plateau drops towards the center, and the major rivers flow into this depression. Fed from the high eastern margin of the plateau, these rivers run through low rainfall areas to the sea. While the tropical northern region is characterized by a wet summer and dry win- ter, the actual amount of rain is determined by additional factors. On the mountainous east coast the rainfall is high, while it diminishes with surprising rapidity towards the interior. Thus in New South Wales, the yearly rainfall at the edge of the plateau and the adjacent coast often reaches over 100 cm.
    [Show full text]
  • GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation
    GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chloroplast Genome of Arthropodium Bifurcatum
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. The Chloroplast Genome of Arthropodium bifurcatum. A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences Massey University Palmerston North, New Zealand Simon James Lethbridge Cox 2010 Abstract This thesis describes the application of high throughput (Illumina) short read sequencing and analyses to obtain the chloroplast genome sequence of Arthropodium bifurcatum and chloroplast genome markers for future testing of hypotheses that explain geographic distributions of Rengarenga – the name Maori give to species of Arthropodium in New Zealand. It has been proposed that A.cirratum was translocated from regions in the north of New Zealand to zones further south due to its value as a food crop. In order to develop markers to test this hypothesis, the chloroplast genome of the closely related A.bifurcatum was sequenced and annotated. A range of tools were used to handle the large quantities of data produced by the Illumina GAIIx. Programs included the de novo assembler Velvet, alignment tools BWA and Bowtie, the viewer Tablet and the quality control program SolexaQA. The A.bifurcatum genome was then used as a reference to align long range PCR products amplified from multiple accessions of A.cirratum and A.bifurcatum sampled from a range of geographic locations. From this alignment variable SNP markers were identified.
    [Show full text]
  • TELOPEA Publication Date: 13 October 1983 Til
    Volume 2(4): 425–452 TELOPEA Publication Date: 13 October 1983 Til. Ro)'al BOTANIC GARDENS dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19834408 Journal of Plant Systematics 6 DOPII(liPi Tmst plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL· ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) Telopea 2(4): 425-452, Fig. 1 (1983) 425 CURRENT ANATOMICAL RESEARCH IN LILIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE AND IRIDACEAE* D.F. CUTLER AND MARY GREGORY (Accepted for publication 20.9.1982) ABSTRACT Cutler, D.F. and Gregory, Mary (Jodrell(Jodrel/ Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England) 1983. Current anatomical research in Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Iridaceae. Telopea 2(4): 425-452, Fig.1-An annotated bibliography is presented covering literature over the period 1968 to date. Recent research is described and areas of future work are discussed. INTRODUCTION In this article, the literature for the past twelve or so years is recorded on the anatomy of Liliaceae, AmarylIidaceae and Iridaceae and the smaller, related families, Alliaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hypoxidaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae and Trilliaceae. Subjects covered range from embryology, vegetative and floral anatomy to seed anatomy. A format is used in which references are arranged alphabetically, numbered and annotated, so that the reader can rapidly obtain an idea of the range and contents of papers on subjects of particular interest to him. The main research trends have been identified, classified, and check lists compiled for the major headings. Current systematic anatomy on the 'Anatomy of the Monocotyledons' series is reported. Comment is made on areas of research which might prove to be of future significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    Open Chem., 2019; 17: 1412–1422 Research Article Katarzyna Szewczyk*, Danuta Kalemba, Małgorzata Miazga-Karska, Barbara Krzemińska, Agnieszka Dąbrowska, Renata Nowak The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0160 received November 15, 2019; accepted December 18, 2019. 1 Introduction Abstract: The horticultural cultivars of Hemerocallis The essential oil-producing species are extensively (daylily) have been used to treat diseases such as arranged among the plant kingdom. The volatile insomnia, inflammation and depression, and also as compounds are not only important in plant physiology a vegetable in eastern Asia. Taking into consideration but also in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. the fact, that the volatile compounds in Hemerocallis Numerous studies showed that essential oils possess cultivars have not been investigated to date, we decided therapeutic properties and can prevent and cure many to study the composition of the essential oils (EOs) from diseases [1]. the aerial parts of ten varieties collecting in Poland. EOs, The genus Hemerocallis, belonging to Asphodelaceae obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC/MS family (Hemerocallidoideae subfamily), is mainly of East method that resulted in identification of 23-36 volatile Asia origin and contains hardy plants surviving from North compounds comprising 89.5%–96.3% of the total amount. American Zones [2]. According to the American Daylily The essential oils differed in their composition and they Society [3], more than 80 000 Hemerocallis cultivars can be classified into three groups. The antibacterial and exist in the world. They have usually been created by antioxidant activities of EOs were also evaluated.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Survey Guidelines for Australia's Threatened Orchids
    SURVEY GUIDELINES FOR AUSTRALIA’S THREATENED ORCHIDS GUIDELINES FOR DETECTING ORCHIDS LISTED AS ‘THREATENED’ UNDER THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999 0 Authorship and acknowledgements A number of experts have shared their knowledge and experience for the purpose of preparing these guidelines, including Allanna Chant (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), Allison Woolley (Tasmanian Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment), Andrew Brown (Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation), Annabel Wheeler (Australian Biological Resources Study, Australian Department of the Environment), Anne Harris (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), David T. Liddle (Northern Territory Department of Land Resource Management, and Top End Native Plant Society), Doug Bickerton (South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources), John Briggs (New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage), Luke Johnston (Australian Capital Territory Environment and Sustainable Development Directorate), Sophie Petit (School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia), Melanie Smith (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), Oisín Sweeney (South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources), Richard Schahinger (Tasmanian Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment). Disclaimer The views and opinions contained in this document are not necessarily those of the Australian Government. The contents of this document have been compiled using a range of source materials and while reasonable care has been taken in its compilation, the Australian Government does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of or reliance on the contents of the document.
    [Show full text]
  • Unearthing Belowground Bud Banks in Fire-Prone Ecosystems
    Unearthing belowground bud banks in fire-prone ecosystems 1 2 3 Author for correspondence: Juli G. Pausas , Byron B. Lamont , Susana Paula , Beatriz Appezzato-da- Juli G. Pausas 4 5 Glo'ria and Alessandra Fidelis Tel: +34 963 424124 1CIDE-CSIC, C. Naquera Km 4.5, Montcada, Valencia 46113, Spain; 2Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin Email [email protected] University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; 3ICAEV, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; 4Depto Ci^encias Biologicas,' Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av P'adua Dias 11., CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; 5Instituto de Bioci^encias, Vegetation Ecology Lab, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil Summary To be published in New Phytologist (2018) Despite long-time awareness of the importance of the location of buds in plant biology, research doi: 10.1111/nph.14982 on belowground bud banks has been scant. Terms such as lignotuber, xylopodium and sobole, all referring to belowground bud-bearing structures, are used inconsistently in the literature. Key words: bud bank, fire-prone ecosystems, Because soil efficiently insulates meristems from the heat of fire, concealing buds below ground lignotuber, resprouting, rhizome, xylopodium. provides fitness benefits in fire-prone ecosystems. Thus, in these ecosystems, there is a remarkable diversity of bud-bearing structures. There are at least six locations where belowground buds are stored: roots, root crown, rhizomes, woody burls, fleshy
    [Show full text]