Moon Shot from Renaissance Imagination to Modern Reality
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Bartolomé De Las Casas, Soldiers of Fortune, And
HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Dissertation Submitted To The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Damian Matthew Costello UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio August 2013 HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew APPROVED BY: ____________________________ Dr. William L. Portier, Ph.D. Committee Chair ____________________________ Dr. Sandra Yocum, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Kelly S. Johnson, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Anthony B. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ Dr. Roberto S. Goizueta, Ph.D. Committee Member ii ABSTRACT HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. William L. Portier This dissertation - a postcolonial re-examination of Bartolomé de las Casas, the 16th century Spanish priest often called “The Protector of the Indians” - is a conversation between three primary components: a biography of Las Casas, an interdisciplinary history of the conquest of the Americas and early Latin America, and an analysis of the Spanish debate over the morality of Spanish colonialism. The work adds two new theses to the scholarship of Las Casas: a reassessment of the process of Spanish expansion and the nature of Las Casas’s opposition to it. The first thesis challenges the dominant paradigm of 16th century Spanish colonialism, which tends to explain conquest as the result of perceived religious and racial difference; that is, Spanish conquistadors turned to military force as a means of imposing Spanish civilization and Christianity on heathen Indians. -
Foreign Correspondents in Francoist Spain
Foreign correspondents in Francoist Spain (1945-1975) Tobias Reckling This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Portsmouth. March 2016 1 Abstract This thesis will examine the foreign press corps in Francoist Spain from 1945 until 1975. After the end of the Second World War, the Franco regime was internationally isolated as a result of its ties with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. However, the dictatorship returned to the international stage during the 1950s and managed to survive on the margins of the Cold War world order until the death of Franco in 1975. Throughout these 30 years and while never loosening its dictatorial control over Spain, the Franco regime continuously tried to improve its international position and image beyond mere toleration. Foreign correspondents were working at the centre of this balancing act. Against this backdrop, this thesis has two central aims. First, it will examine the regime’s policy towards the foreign press. The thesis will show that the Francoist authorities never fully accepted the foreign press corps’ work within Spain and tried to exercise control over the foreign press corps until the end of the regime. Throughout the regime’s internal and external development, however, the Francoist authorities adapted the means they employed. At the same time, conflicting interests and strategies within the Franco regime shaped its policy towards the foreign press. This thesis will further show that conflicts with correspondents partially had their roots in the importance of the foreign press, distributed within Spain, for the Spanish public in general and the political opposition in particular. -
NEW ORLEANS NOSTALGIA Remembering New Orleans History, Culture and Traditions
NEW ORLEANS NOSTALGIA Remembering New Orleans History, Culture and Traditions By Ned Hémard The End of the World Alternate titles to this article could be: ―The Story of the Islamic Invasion of Visigoth Spain in the Eighth Century A.D. and the Spanish Coat of Arms‖ or ―How Two Irishmen Met in Cuba, Which Led to the Financing of the American Revolutionary War and the U. S. Dollar Sign.‖ But I decided to keep it simple. So how does Spain’s early history play a part in this convoluted story and how did the meeting of two Irish expatriates in Havana, Cuba, bring about the financing of the American Revolutionary War and the creation of the U.S. dollar sign – and how is New Orleans connected with all this? The explanation begins with the mythical story of Hercules (famous for his strength), whose twelve labors took him to the far reaches of the Greco-Roman world. The Pillars of Hercules in Ceuta, Spain One of Hercules’ tasks was to round up the cattle of the fearsome giant Geryon, who lived on the island of Erytheia in the far west of the Mediterranean. Only trouble was that a colossal mountain stood in his way, so strongman Hercules split it in half, thereby connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and forming the Strait of Gibraltar. This is all mythologically speaking, of course. The promontories that flank the Strait’s entrance (most notably the Rock of Gibraltar) are thus known as the Pillars of Hercules, although other features were associated with the name. -
Plus Ultra: Coloniality and the Mapping of American Natureculture in the Empire of Philip II 2018
Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Adam Wickberg Plus ultra: Coloniality and the mapping of American natureculture in the empire of Philip II 2018 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/3447 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Wickberg, Adam: Plus ultra: Coloniality and the mapping of American natureculture in the empire of Philip II. In: NECSUS. European Journal of Media Studies, Jg. 7 (2018), Nr. 2, S. 205– 227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/3447. Erstmalig hier erschienen / Initial publication here: https://necsus-ejms.org/plus-ultra-coloniality-and-the-mapping-of-american-natureculture-in-the-empire-of-philip-ii/ Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0 License. For Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz more information see: finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDIA STUDIES www.necsus-ejms.org Plus ultra: Coloniality and the mapping of American natureculture in the empire of Philip II Adam Wickberg NECSUS 7 (2), Autumn 2018: 205–227 URL: https://necsus-ejms.org/plus-ultra-coloniality-and-the-map- ping-of-american-natureculture-in-the-empire-of-philip-ii/ Keywords: cacao, colonial Spain, coloniality, Columbian exchange, early modern, environment, Francisco Hernández, Gonzalo Fernán- dez de Oviedo, history, mapping, media, natureculture, pineapple, to- mato Introduction By 1570 the Spanish empire under the reign of King Philip II had already ruled the part of Central America known as New Spain for half a century. -
The Administration of Spain Under Charles V, Spain's New Charlemagne
THE ADMINISTRATION OF SPAIN UNDER CHARLES V, SPAIN’S NEW CHARLEMAGNE Joseph Beard, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2005 APPROVED: Laura Stern, Major Professor Marilyn Morris, Committee Member Peter Lane, Committee Member Harold Tanner, Chair of the Department of History Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Beard, Joseph, The Administration of Spain Under Charles V, Spain’s New Charlemagne. Master of Arts (History), May 2005, 232 pp., 3 tables, bibliography, 110 titles. Charles I, King of Spain, or Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, was the most powerful ruler in Europe since Charlemagne. With a Germanic background, and speaking French, Charles became King of Spain in 1516. Yet secondary sources and available sixteenth century Spanish sources such as Spanish Royal Council records, local records of Castro Urdiales in Castile, and Charles’s correspondence show that he continued the policies of his predecessors in Spain, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. He strove to strengthen his power and unify Spain and his empire using Castilian strength, a Castilian model of government, Roman law, religion, his strong personality, and a loyal and talented bureaucracy. Charles desired to be another Charlemagne, but with his base of power in Spain. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………...……..iii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW………...…………1 Introduction Historiographical Review Thesis Statement and Chapter Contents 2. THE GOVERNING IDEAS AND ACTIONS OF CHARLES AT THE BEGINNING OF HIS RULE IN THE NETHERLANDS, THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, AND SPAIN……...……………………………………………….......44 Introduction Charles’s Childhood and General Political Theory of Europe Burgundy before Charles’s Reign The Netherlands during Charles’s Reign The Holy Roman Empire before Charles’s Reign The Holy Roman Empire during Charles’s Reign The Political Theory Charles Developed Conclusions 3. -
The Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Spain in Spanish Philately
The Coat Of Arms of The Kingdom of Spain in Spanish Philately by John Micallef The story behind the royal coat of arms cf the Kingdom of Spain later to be known also as state arms is quite interesting . It clearly shows the old kingdoms of Spain and the constitutional monarchy throughout the ages. It revolves around the various political periods which engrave the history of Spain. Spanish philately depicts these stages in the various issues of its stamps thus enabling the enthusiast to quench his thirst while unfolding the pages of Spanish postal history. The philatelic issues of the Coat of arms of Spain can be divided in three periods namely: The early period, the Francoist period and the reign of Juan Carlos I. In the early days there was no such as a heraldic Coat of Arms for Spain since Spain has been a "United Kingdom" made up of historical kingdoms. In the early days, as far as the Catholic Monarchs, Spain carried the Coat of Arms of its monarch. This was used as the official arms until the first Spanish Republic. The first stamp depicting the Coat of arms of Spain was issued on I st January 1854 under the reign of Isabel II, only four years after the first Spanish stamp saw light. In the year 1854 three issues were printed by the Spanish Postal Authorities. On 1st January four values were printed without perforations 6 cu (Carmine), 2r (Red), 5r (Green) 6r (Blue). On 1st July another four values were printed without perforation to be used officially 1/2 o (Black on yellow) 1 (Black on Rose) 4o (Black on Green) 1 i (Black u Blue). -
The Plus Oultra Writing Cabinet of Charles V: Expression of the Sacred Imperialism of the Austrias Dr Ángeles Jordano*
Journal of Conservation and Museum Studies Vol. 9, 2011, 14-26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/jcms.91105 The Plus Oultra Writing Cabinet of Charles V: Expression of the Sacred Imperialism of the Austrias Dr Ángeles Jordano* The Plus Oultra writing cabinet of Charles V on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum of London is an intarsia piece made by Italian craftsmen ca. 1532. This article examines the icono- graphic programme of the cabinet as an expression of the universal Christian empire of Charles V and the sacred imperialism of the Spanish Austrias. This programme is revealed in three scenes depicting the story of Gideon that decorate the outside of the cabinet fall front: the revelation of the angel to Gideon and the woollen fleece in allusion to the Order of the Golden Fleece of which Charles V was the grand master, the selection of the three hundred men, and the battle against the Midianites. These scenes are complemented by medallion heads of Roman emperors to portray Charles V as legitimate successor to the Ancient Roman Empire. The inside of the fall front is emblazoned with the emblems of Charles V: the Pillars of Hercules, the Plus Ultra motto, Saint Andrew’s crosses and laurel motifs, while the allegorical figures of Temperance and Justice adorning the sides of the cabinet symbolise the virtues of a good governor. The fall front opens to reveal a set of drawers and doors decorated with one of the earliest examples of the vanitas: objects alluding to the fleeting nature of life and the pursuit of wisdom. -
The Spanish Flag June 20, 2020 Show Transcript
Season 1, Episode 6: The Spanish Flag June 20, 2020 Show Transcript Why the Flag? The Spanish Flag: Four Kingdoms of the Rojigualda Welcome back to another episode of Why the Flag, the show that explores the stories behind the flags, and how these symbols impact our world, our histories, and ourselves. I’m Simon Mullin. On the last episode, we discussed the Nordic Cross of Scandinavia, from its descent from heaven on the battlefield in 1219 to its slow and steady conversion of the Viking pagans of Norway, Finland, and Estonia, and then finally making its way into Sweden, a country who held onto its 4,000-year-old pre-Christian beliefs until those were finally squashed in the 13th Century. The Nordic Cross flags of Norway, Finland, and Iceland were designed on the one hand to show their devotion and ancestry to the original Dannebrog flag of King Valdemar of Denmark, and on the other hand, choosing their national colors to express their deep desire for independence, freedom from foreign control and intervention, and the right to self- determination. However, as we explored in the last episode, the ancient pagan practices continued in Sweden throughout the Christian years, possibly influencing their first three-crowned flag, and even seeping into the customs and traditions we see today. Spending time in Sweden as a kid, I remember learning about the origins of the Christmas tree as a pagan totem, one from which animals and humans were hung to rot as a tribute to the gods – and it wasn’t until my research on the last episode where it came full circle for me: the Christmas tree is thought to be a direct descendant of the trees in Gamla Uppsala, where for thousands of years, humans and animals were executed and hung as sacrifices to Thor, Oden, and Frey. -
The History of Coins and Banknotes in Mexico
Banco de México The history of coins and banknotes in Mexico September 27, 2021 Publicada-Uso General Información que ha sido publicada por el Banco de México Banco de México Table of contents The history of coins and banknotes in Mexico .................................................................................... 1 1. Mexican metallic coins ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Coins in the Viceroyalty ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 The Charles and Juana coins .................................................................................................. 2 1.1.2 Macuquina coins .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.3 Rounded coins: columnarios (1732-1772) and peluconas (1732-1759) ................................ 4 1.1.4 Rounded busted coins ............................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Coins during the Independence movement .............................................................................. 6 1.2.1 Other royalist issuances ......................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2 Coins issued by the insurgents ............................................................................................... 6 1.2.3 Morelos coins ........................................................................................................................ -
The Rise of Euroskepticism: Europe and Its Critics in Spanish Culture
THE RISE OF Euroskepticism EUROPE & ITS CRITICS IN SPANISH CULTURE Luis Martín-Estudillo Te Rise of Euroskepticism THE RISE OF Euroskepticism EUROPE AND ITS CRITICS IN SPANISH CULTURE Luis Martín-Estudillo Vanderbilt University Press Nashville © 2018 by Vanderbilt University Press Nashville, Tennessee 37235 First published 2018 Tis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data on fle LC control number 2017017088 LC classifcation number HC240.25.S7 M37 2017 Dewey classifcation number 341.242/20946—dc23 LC record available at lccn.loc.gov/2017017088 ISBN 978-0-8265-2194-1 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8265-2196-5 (ebook) Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, fndings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this book do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities. https://www.neh.gov To Emi, without skepticism Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: A Cultural Poetics of Spanish Euroskepticism 1 PART ONE Europe on the Horizon 25 1 Te Location of Dissent: Spanish Exiles and the European Cataclysm 27 2 Sense and Sensuousness: Approaching Europe under Franco’s Dictatorship 57 PART TWO Examining the Union from Within 89 3 Unanimity in Question 91 4 On the Move in a Static Europe 127 5 Te Great Recession and the Surge of Euroskepticism: A Pigs’ Tale 173 Epilogue: A Plea for Creative Euroskepticism 197 Notes 201 References 217 Index 233 Acknowledgments Te preliminary writing of this book began as the inaugural Woodyard Lec- ture at the University of Kansas. -
Redalyc.Authoritarianism and Punitive Eugenics: Racial Hygiene And
História, Ciências, Saúde - Manguinhos ISSN: 0104-5970 [email protected] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brasil Campos, Ricardo Authoritarianism and punitive eugenics: racial hygiene and national Catholicism during Francoism, 1936-1945 História, Ciências, Saúde - Manguinhos, vol. 23, núm. 1, diciembre, 2016, pp. 1-17 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=386149858008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Authoritarianism and punitive eugenics Authoritarianism and CAMPOS, Ricardo. Authoritarianism and punitive eugenics: racial hygiene and punitive eugenics: racial national Catholicism during Francoism, 1936-1945. História, Ciências, Saúde – hygiene and national Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, v.23, supl., dec. 2016. Available at: http://www. Catholicism during scielo.br/hcsm. Francoism, 1936-1945 Abstract This paper examines some of the main elements that shaped eugenic discourse and practices during the first decades of the Franco regime. It primarily addresses the ideological basis of racial hygiene stemming from Francoist medicine and psychiatry, examining its relationship with the concept of Spanishness (Hispanidad). It shows that Francoist eugenics had punitive and coercive aspects and outlines the role it played in the brutal repression unleashed against the regime’s political enemies, constructing its anti-Spanish identity. The paper also explores how the Catholic Church accepted eugenics as long as it was not linked to neo-Malthusianism and did not propagate sterilization, contraception, and abortion. In this respect, the paper examines the Catholic Church’s position on the premarital certificate and counseling. -
Spanish Flags. the Flag of Fernando Y Ysabel
Spanish Flags The Flag of Fernando y Ysabel – 1492-1506 This flag is the "Pabellón Real de los Reyes Católicos" (Royal Colors of the Catholic Kings) from 1492-1506. The quarters show the Castles and Lions of Ysabel’s Castilla y León and the bars and mixed bars and black eagles of King Fernando’s Aragón and the two Sicilies (Sicily and Naples which were part of Aragon's kingdom since 14th century). Below the big eagle are the arrows of Fernando and the yoke for Ysabel (personal symbols of each). Below is a detail of the coat of arms.1 1 Heraldic description by Miguel del Barco Diaz. Flags of Columbus in 1492 This is the flag of Castilla y León, quartered by the castle of Castilla, and the lion of León. The Lion symbol is attributed to Alfonso VII in 1126; the Castle symbol is credited to Alfonso VIII in 1158. Fernando III put the two symbols together in 1230 when the two kingdoms were combined.2 It was never a royal banner or a national flag. If it was carried by Columbus, as some historians believe, it was probably meant to represent Ysabel’s backing for his expedition. She may have provided him with the banner to show her support. This may have set the tradition that ships sailing to and from the New World usually used this banner as an ensign in the sixteenth century. Spanish ships in other locations used other flags to show their Spanish origin. Because of the popular naval use of this flag historians have often mistaken it for the Spanish royal banner.