THE LIFE and LETTERS of CHARLES DARWIN Volume I by Charles Darwin
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MHA March 2017 Journ
MARITIME HERITAGE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL Volume 28, No. 1. March 2017 Website: www.maritimeheritage.org.au A quarterly publication of the Maritime Heritage Association, Inc. C/o: The Secretary (Marcia Van Zeller) 47 Conochie Crescent Manning, W.A. 6152 Treasurer: Bob Johnson, PO Box 1080, Guilderton, W.A. 6041. Editor: Peter Worsley. 12 Cleopatra Drive, Mandurah, W.A. 6210 The steamer Warrimoo which registered a bizarre set of coincidences. See article page 8 The Maritime Heritage Association Journal is the official newsletter of the Maritime Heritage Association of Western Australia, Incorporated. (If you have an unwanted collection of magazines of a maritime nature, then perhaps its time to let others enjoy reading it. Contact the Association; we may be interested in archiving the collection.) Material for publishing or advertising should be directed, emailed, typed or on disk, to: The Editor, 12 Cleopatra Drive, MANDURAH, Western Australia, 6210. [email protected] Except where shown to be copyright, material published in this Journal may be freely reprinted for non-profit pur- poses provided suitable acknowledgment is made of its source. www.maritimeheritage.org.au Annual General Meeting Where: 12 Cleopatra Drive, MANDURAH When: 10.00am, Sunday 2 April 2017 How: Don’t forget the train option (For details contact Peter and Jill, or Julie Taylor on 0432 618 879) Come for morning tea and stay for lunch For catering purposes please let Jill or Peter know at: [email protected] or 9586 9003 2 The Ditty Bag An occasional collection of nautical trivia to inform, astound, amuse and inspire. (The inspiration could take the form of contributions to this page!) Between 1947 and 1971, the Montrose Chemical the many islands are included, these add another Company dumped residue from sloppy manufac- 24,000 km. -
Lightning Conductors at the Esplanade Powder Magazine, Quebec City Pierre Drouin
Northeast Historical Archaeology Volume 20 Article 4 1991 Thunder and Powder: May They Never Meet! Lightning Conductors at the Esplanade Powder Magazine, Quebec City Pierre Drouin Follow this and additional works at: http://orb.binghamton.edu/neha Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Drouin, Pierre (1991) "Thunder and Powder: May They eN ver Meet! Lightning Conductors at the Esplanade Powder Magazine, Quebec City," Northeast Historical Archaeology: Vol. 20 20, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.22191/neha/vol20/iss1/4 Available at: http://orb.binghamton.edu/neha/vol20/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). It has been accepted for inclusion in Northeast Historical Archaeology by an authorized editor of The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thunder and Powder: May They Never Meet! Lightning Conductors at the Esplanade Powder Magazine, Quebec City Cover Page Footnote Archaeological research at the Poudriere de l'Esplanade was conducted by Parks Canada, Quebec Region as part of the building's restoration and development project. The uthora wishes to thank archaeologist Anne Desgagne for her assistance in conducting the research as well as Pierre Beaudet for his encouragement and comments during the writing of this article. This article is available in Northeast Historical Archaeology: http://orb.binghamton.edu/neha/vol20/iss1/4 Northeast Historical Archaeology/Vol. 20, 1991 37 THUNDER AND POWDER: MAY THEY NEVER MEET! LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS AT THE ESPLANADE POWDER MAGAZINE, QUEBEC CITY Pierre Drouin Archaeological excavations carried out at the Esplanade powder magazine in Quebec City have revealed the remains of three successive lightning conductor systems. -
SIS Bulletin Index Issues 1 to 80
Scientific Instrument Society Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society Index No 1 to No 80 Scientific Instrument Society Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society Index No 1 to No 80 Contents Introduction Index of Topics 3 Index of Articles 37 Index of Book Reviews 51 The Scientific Instrument Society 61 Documents Associated with the Index 61 Introduction Development of the Index of the Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society The first 40 issues of the Bulletin were indexed successively, ten issues at a time. With the advent of No 50 it was decided to amalgamate the earlier work and create a single index for all 50 issues. The work involved was a vast undertaking requiring the use of optical character recognition and other computer techniques on the earlier work, and a good deal of careful proof reading. The final product was handsomely produced in A4 size uniform with the Bulletin, running to 64 index pages. Having reached 80 issues, a similar combining exercise has been done, but with fewer categories within the Index. However, whilst the main index of individual topics remains as comprehensive as previously it is presented in a smaller typeface and makes use of more columns. At the time of printing, consideration is being given to the use of this new Index as a facility on the Society's website and also in connection with CDROMs of the Bulletin. Notes for using the 3 sections of the Bulletin Index, Issue No 1 to Issue No 80 Index of Topics Topics are arranged alphabetically by subject. References are shown as 'Issue No : Page No' eg 2:15 or 45:7-11 Index of Articles Authors of articles are listed alphabetically with the titles of their articles following in issue order. -
Weather Instruments All at Sea: Meteorology and the Royal Navy in the Nineteenth Century
n Naylor, S. (2015) Weather instruments all at sea: meteorology and the Royal Navy in the nineteenth century. In: MacDonald, F. and Withers, C. W.J. (eds.) Geography, Technology and Instruments of Exploration. Series: Studies in historical geography. Routledge: Farnham, pp. 77-96. ISBN 9781472434258. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/113110/ Deposited on: 26 February 2016 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Chapter 5 Weather instruments all at sea: Meteorology and the Royal Navy in the nineteenth century Simon Naylor Over the last two decades historians and geographers of science have paid increasing attention to science in the field. For one, ‘fieldwork has become the ideal type of knowledge’, so much so that much work in science studies asks not ‘about temporal priorities but about spatial coordination’.1 This agenda has been pursued empirically through study of European exploration in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. One of the key problematics for historians and geographers has been how, exactly, science collaborated with state actors to extend European nations’ ‘spatial grip’. There have been three common empirical responses to this question: through the deployment of physical observatories; through fieldwork; and by means of ships. Studies of observatories – on mountains, on the edge of oceans, in the polar regions – are many, as are studies of the ephemeral fieldsite.2 The ship has been seen to embody both of these types of scientific space. -
Viewpoint, BSHS Info
NO. 105: OCTOBER 2014 ISSN: 1751-8261 MAGAZINE OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE Contents Blowing up the Basement 1-3 BSHS Prizes 3 Meccano Magazine 4 Little Hitlers 5 BSHS Grant Report 6-7 BJHS Themes 7 AIDS and YOU GAME 8-9 Conference Reports 10-14 Interview 15 BJHS, Viewpoint, BSHS info. 16 Editorial I Welcome to my final issue as Viewpoint edi- tor: I have rather self-indulgently themed it around my own area of research, the history of science for children. Our feature article by Rebecca Onion (1-3) explores the dangerous consequences when juvenile experiments go wrong, and argues for the role of error and injury in histories of science at home. Peter Bowler continues the nostalgic theme, with his introduction to Meccano Magazine (4). Hannah Elizabeth reflects how our object of the issue, the AIDS and YOU GAME, introduced interactiv- ity to children’s sex education (8-9). “Dangerous Toys.” Life Magazine, November 12, 1971. I owe an enormous thank you to all who have read the magazine over the past five years, as well as to all who have contrib- uted to it. Your unstinting generosity and Blowing up the Basement extraordinarily kind words have made this task a pleasure to undertake. Rebecca Onion revists the joys and hazards of home experiments I wish my successor, Alice White, the in 20th-century America very best in the role: I leave the magazine in extremely capable hands and I am When I talk about my research into chemistry always says, to the kind of laughter that greets sure she will do an outstanding job! For a sets in the American interwar period, especial- a story so common that it’s clichéd. -
(2015) Log Books and the Law of Storms: Maritime Meteorology and the British Admiralty in the Nineteenth Century
Naylor, S. (2015) Log books and the law of storms: maritime meteorology and the British Admiralty in the Nineteenth Century. Isis, 106(4), pp. 771-797. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/107685/ Deposited on: 30 June 2015 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Log Books and the Law of Storms: Maritime Meteorology and the British Admiralty in the Nineteenth Century By Simon Naylor1 Abstract This paper contributes to debates about the relationship between science and the military by examining the British Admiralty’s participation in meteorological projects in the first half of the nineteenth century. It focuses on attempts to transform Royal Naval log books into standardized meteorological registers that would be of use to both science and the state. The paper begins with a discussion of Admiralty Hydrographer, Francis Beaufort, who promoted the use of standardized systems for the observation of the weather at sea. It then examines the application of ships’ logs to the science of storms. The paper focuses on the Army Engineer, William Reid, who studied hurricanes while stationed in Barbados and Bermuda. Reid was instrumental in persuading the Admiralty to implement a naval meteorological policy, something the Admiralty Hydrographer had struggled to achieve. The paper uses the reception and adoption of work on storms at sea to reflect on the means and ends of maritime meteorology in the mid-nineteenth century. -
HISTORY of SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY: SERIES THREE: Part 1, Babbage
HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: SERIES THREE: Part 1, Babbage THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Series Three: The Papers of Charles Babbage, 1791-1871 Part 1: Correspondence and Scientific Papers from the British Library, London Contents listing PUBLISHER'S NOTE BRIEF BIOGRAPHY BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTENTS OF REELS LISTING BY CORRESPONDENT HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: SERIES THREE: Part 1, Babbage Publisher's Note “The idea of a digital computer is an old one. ... Babbage had all the essential ideas....” Alan Turing Alan Turing’s comment confirms the importance of Babbage to the History of Computing. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (aged 24) in 1816 - the same year in which Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein was written - Babbage showed that a machine could be created which could replicate certain areas of human thought. Babbage designed first the Difference Engine (an automatic mechanical calculating machine) and then the Analytical Engine (a pioneer digital computer). His designs included a central processing unit (“the Mill”), memory (“the Store”), variables, operators and a printer to output conclusions. The design was one thing, actually constructing the machines with the available technology proved to be extremely difficult. Notwithstanding substantial grants from the Royal Society and the British Government Babbage failed to create either. That glory was left to the Swedish printer, Georg Scheutz, who won a gold medal at the Paris Exhibition for constructing the Difference Engine. A close friend and collaborator in much of his work was Augusta Ada Byron, later the Countess of Lovelace, who was the only child of Lord Byron. She was confident of the importance of the machine, stating that “We may most aptly say that the Analytical Engine weaves algebraical patterns just as the Jacquard loom weaves flowers and leaves.” The metaphor was appropriate, for Babbage used a card reader inspired by the punched cards used on Jacquard loom. -
The Beagle Voyage
The Beagle Voyage Activity 5: Plan an expedition Subject: Science/Geography 2 hours Suggested preparation What do I need? Presentation: - Letter 295: Charles Darwin to John The Beagle Voyage Stevens Henslow - Diary entries for 25 September, 1 and 9 October, 1835 - Image of giant tortoise - Who’s who? Discover what Darwin experienced on the Galapagos Islands by reading his diary entries. Compare attitudes to exploration and conservation then and now. Consider what your priorities would be in putting together an expedition to the Galapagos Islands today. 1 Darwin Correspondence Project www.darwinproject.ac.uk Cambridge University Library CC-BY-ND 2.00 What do I do? 1. Read through the letter and diary extracts and answer the questions. 2. Imagine you are trying to recruit volunteers for a modern natural history scientific expedition to the Galapagos Islands to study giant tortoises. The study must have minimal impact on the environment. As part of the recruitment package you need to show: - How you will travel to and between the islands - Length of the overall expedition and how volunteers will spend their time - What equipment will be provided - What accommodation will be provided - How the research will be carried out - What kind of data/ specimens you will send home 3. Design a brochure for your package and promote your expedition to your class. 4. Create a diary entry for a modern day expedition to an island, describing your day and what you might encounter. 2 Darwin Correspondence Project www.darwinproject.ac.uk Cambridge University Library CC-BY-ND 2.00 Letter 295: Charles Darwin to John Stevens Henslow January 1836 Sydney My dear Henslow, …I last wrote to you from Lima, since which time I have done disgracefully little in Nat: History; or rather I should say since the Galapagos Islands, where I worked hard.— Amongst other things, I collected every plant, which I could see in flower, & as it was the flowering season I hope my collection may be of some interest to you.— I shall be very curious to know whether the Flora belongs to America, or is peculiar. -
The Diary of William Darwin Fox: 1824 to 1826: Part 2
Epilogue This has been the story of two “Victorian” gentlemen. Gentlemen that seem, in many ways, to characterise the age and its ambiguities. Both aspired to be country clergymen, following up at the same time, their bent to be naturalists. And if it was not for the offer of passage on the second voyage on the Beagle, Darwin might have ended up there. Yet the offer of the Beagle voyage did materialise and changed Darwin for the rest of his life. He went away on the voyage as a young man, accept- ing, like Fox, the norms of his upbringing and the societal pressures to fit into one of the avenues of professional life available in early nineteenth century England. The long and exacting voyage somehow acted as a trigger, which set Darwin on another course. Yet this reasoning is not sufficient to explain the man. Many other men were recruited into similar trips by the British Navy, at this time, to go out and map the world, both in geographical and natural history ways: T H Huxley and J D Hooker, amongst them. And of these, only Darwin saw the path ahead and stuck to it. And, of course, A R Wallace, who came from a very different stratum of society with a different background of experience, also came to very similar conclusions about organic evolution. William Darwin Fox on the other hand, Darwin’s second cousin and from very similar bloodstock, saw his role in life as the country parson and stuck to that through thick and thin. -
The Beagle Voyage
The Beagle Voyage Activity 4: Sending specimens home Subject: Science 2 x 1hour Suggested preparation What do I need? Presentation: - Letter 238: Charles Darwin to The Beagle Voyage John Stevens Henslow - Letter 196: John Stevens Henslow to Charles Darwin - Diary entries - Letter questions - Plant material form - Megatherium skeleton image - Pill box for specimens - Dried Sicyos villosa plant - Who’s who? On the Beagle voyage Darwin searched for an elusive ostrich-like bird called a Rhea and eventually recognised it as the remains of his dinner! The ship’s artist had shot it and only after eating it did Darwin realise what it was. He cleaned up the bones and sent them to Professor Henslow in Cambridge. Find out how Darwin searched for, collected and sent home other specimens from the voyage and imagine how you might do it today. 1 Darwin Correspondence Project www.darwinproject.ac.uk Cambridge University Library CC-BY-ND 2.00 What do I do? 1. Read through the letter, diary extracts and look at the images of specimens that Darwin sent back. Answer the letter questions. 2. There would have been potential hazards to sending back plant samples on a sea voyage in Darwin’s day. Use the form to list the pros and cons of sending back seeds, entire live plants and dried plant specimens. Which would you choose? 3. Imagine you are on an expedition today and have discovered a rare and endangered mammal. Discuss the following questions: - What might be the cause of its vulnerability? - How could you increase its chances of survival? - Would you attempt to bring it to Britain? - What issues might arise? - What other options could you consider? 4. -
Charles Lyell to GA Mantell [ 5 February 1837 ]
147 Charles Lyell to G. A. Mantell [ 5 February 1837 ] My dear Mantell As soon as I received your letter I wrote to Sir John Herschell mentioning of course that I was not personally acquainted with Lieut Thomas but saying what you had said in favour of him & about him. His being an officer of Artillery is of itself a guarantee, at the same time then considering how many interruptions of the kind I know that Sir J. has, at the Cape, I told him fairly that there were very few for whom I would have done the service except for yourself, for I scarcely ever before ventured to introduce any one to any one, not being myself personally acquainted.1 I sent the letter to the address you mentioned & begged for an acknowledgement but have received none so I hope there is no mistake. I put 54 Harley St. & the M.P.’s name as directed, & had it miscarried I presume it would have been returned. Mr [Host?]2 brother-in-law of Murchison has I find been under your treatment & I was glad to hear that you had had much business at Brighton. He was afraid you were beginning to have the influenza yourself but I trust you escaped & have reaped the harvest which medical men are gathering in here. We have scarcely suffered but my clerk has been & is very ill. I am finishing my Anniversary Address for the 17th. inst. & shall tell you what Darwin has done in S. America. We have given 2 medals one to Capt. -
Back Matter (PDF)
[ 529 ] INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, Series A, V ol. 192. A. Algebraic Functions expressed as uniform Automorphic Functions (Whittaker), 1. Anatysis—Partition-linear, Diophantine-linear (MacMahon), 351. Automorphic Functions corresponding to Algebraic Relations (Whittaker), 1. B. Bramley-Moore (L.). See Pearson, Lee, and Bramley-Moore. C. Clouds, produced by Ultra-violet Light; Nuclei for the Production of (Wilson), 403. Condensation Nuclei, produced by Rontgen Rays, &c.; Degree of Supersaturation necessary for condensation; behaviour in Electric Field (Wilson), 403. Correlation between Long Bones and Stature (Pearson), 169. Crystals (quartz), gravitative Action between (Poynting and Gray), 245; thermal Expansion of (Tutton), 455. Curve of Error, Tables relating to (S heppard), 101, Cyclotomic Functions (MacMahon), 351. D. Differential Equations satisfied by Automorphic Functions (Whittaker), 1. YOL. CXCII.— A. 3 Y 530 INDEX. E. Kvolution, Mathematical Contributions to Theory of (P earson), 169, 257. F. Flames containing Salt Vapours, Electrical Conductivity of (Wilson), 499. G. Generating Functions, graphical representation of (MacMahon), 351. Goniometer, improved cutting and grinding, for preparation of Plates and Prisms of Crystals (Tutton), 455. Gravitation Constant of Quartz: an Experiment in Search of possible Differences (Poynting and Geay), 245. Geay (P. L.). See Poynting and Geay. H. IIicks (W. M.). Researches in Vortex Motion.—Part III. On Spiral or Gyrostatic Vortex Aggregates, 33. I. Inheritance of Fecundity, Fertility and Latent Characters (Peaeson, Lee, and Beamley-Mooee), 257. Ionic Velocities directly measured (Masson), 331. Ionisation of Salt Vapours in Flames (W ilson), 499. Ions, velocity in Flames and Hot Air (Wilson), 499. L. Lee (Alice). See Peaeson, Lee, and Beamley-Mooee.