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UniversiV Micixxilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8510578 Gugelchuk, Gary Michael A GENERATIVE - TRANSFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE PLOTS OF LIMBA (WEST AFRICA) DILEMMA TALES The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1985 University Microfilms I nternstionsilsoon , zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml48106 Copyright 1985 by Gugelchuk, Gary Michael All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V 1. Glossy photographs or pages. 2. Colored illustrations, paper or ______print 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy. 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page. 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several_______ pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in_______ spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print. 11. Page(s) 40 & 176 lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)___________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages num bered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed a s received__________ 16. Other ____ _____ University Microfilms International A GENERATIVE-TRANSFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE PLOTS OF LIMBA (WEST AFRICA) DILEMMA TALES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University „ By Gary Michael Gugelchuk, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1985 Reading Committee; Approved By E. Ojo Arewa, Sr., Ph. D. John C. Messenger, Jr. , Ph. D. _______ ______ __________ Ei Arewa, Sr, Ph. D. Daniel R. Barnes, Ph. D. Department of Anthropology Copyright by Gary Michael Gugelchuk 1985 A CKN OWLEDGEIVIENTS The author wishes to acknowledge the Oxford Uni versity Press for their kind permission to allow me to reprint the Limba tales analyzed in this dissertation. In addition, I wish to thank the members of my read ing committee for their helpful critiques' of this work, though as always, the author retain responsibility for whatever folly remains in the manuscript. Finally, a special acknowledgement is due to Ojo Arewa, Sr., who as adviser and more importantly as a close friend, has contributed greatly to my intellectual development. His strong and faithful support through these many years causes even this black and white ex pression to pale into in-sign-ificance. 11 VITA May 25, 1 9 5 3 .......... B o m 1975.. ................. B.A. , The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1975-1976 ............ Teaching Associate, Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1976 .................. M.A. , The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1977-1978 ............ Teaching Associate, Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1979-1984 ............ Research Associate, Department of Medicine Administration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Sciulli, P., J. Williams, and G. Gugelchuk 1977 Canine Size: An Aid in Sexing Prehistoric Amerindians. Journal of Dental Research 56: 1424. Gugelchuk, G, E. Chedekel, J. Richards, et al. 1979 The Ohio Regional Medical Audiovisual Consor tium: A Documentation. Final Report to the National Medical Audiovisual Center and the National Library of Medicine, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Contract NO l-LM-6-4715. I l l J, Battles, R. Potts, J. Bradford, and G. Gugelchuk 1982 A Model for the Cooperative Development of Instructional Materials. The Journal of Biocommunications 11; 5-9* FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Anthropology Studies in African Ethnology. Professors John C. Messenger, Jr. and E. Ojo Arewa, Sr. Studies in Linguistic Anthropology, Semiotic Anthro pology and Anthropological Folkloristics. Professors E. Ojo Arewa, Sr. and Catherine A. Callaghan Studies in Mathematical Applications in Anthropologic al Research. Professor Paul W. Sciulli IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................... ........ii VITA.............................................. iii LIST OF FIGURES................................... vi CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.............................. 1 Notes to Chapter 1....................... 42 II. THE LIMBA OF SIERRA LEONE................ 44 Notes to Chapter 2....................... ?2 III. GENERATIVE-TRANSFORMATIONAL ANALYSES OF SELECTED LIMBA TALES...................73 A Generative-Transformational Model for the Folktale......................... 75 Limha Dilemma Tales....... 101 The Structure of the Dilemma Tale....... 146 Notes to Chapter 3.......................150 IV. CONCLUSION...............................151 APPENDIX..........................................156 BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................188 V LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 1. Tree Diagram......... ................. 23 2. Distribution of the Peoples of Sierra Leone 48 3. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "Sira and the Monster"..................... 92 4. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "The Boy Who Got a Wife from a Bird" * , . 105 5. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "The Woman with Four Lovers" ....... 109 6. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "Three Twins and an Elephant".......... Ill 7. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "A Dilemma About Three Smokers" ........ 113 8. Structural Description for "A Dilemma About Three Smokers" After Two Applications of IM-Subordinating Transformation .... 115 9 . Structural Description for "A Dilemma About Three Smokers" After Application of C-Commanded Redundant Lack Deletion and Three Applications of C-Commanded Redundant Lack Liquidated Deletion ................ 117 10. Surface Macro-Structural Description for "A Dilemma About Three Smokers" After Redundant Lack-Lack Liquidated Deletion . 118 11. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "The Hunter and the Three Twins"........ 120 12. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "Three Twins Woo One G i r l " ............122 •VI FIGURE Page 13. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "Tungkangbei, Palongbei, and Yisahosaho" . 125 14. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "Four Wives"......................... 127 15. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "Kubasi"............................ 130 16. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "Tungkangbei, Palongbei, and Yisinua" . 133 17. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "The Three Rascal Boys".... ............. 138 18. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "Two Twins"................................ 143 19. Deep Macro-Structural Description for "Two Friends".............................. 145 Vll INTRODUCTION If for no other reason than that language is the raw material out of which the narrated folktale is produc ed, folktale scholars have frequently looked to linguistic scholarship as a source of insight and inspiration. One need only call to mind the works of Wilhelm and Jakob Grimm in both of these fields of endeavor, the similari ties in methodology between the Finnish Historical- Geographic School and comparative linguistics, or Lévi- Strauss' adaptation to structural linguistics in his analysis of myths. More recently, the more or less simultaneous appearance of sociolinguistics, the ethno graphy of speaking/communication, and the "contextual” approach to folklore further evidences a degree of mutual communication and influence among the fields of linguis-