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3 Embryology and Development
BIOL 6505 − INTRODUCTION TO FETAL MEDICINE 3. EMBRYOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT Arlet G. Kurkchubasche, M.D. INTRODUCTION Embryology – the field of study that pertains to the developing organism/human Basic embryology –usually taught in the chronologic sequence of events. These events are the basis for understanding the congenital anomalies that we encounter in the fetus, and help explain the relationships to other organ system concerns. Below is a synopsis of some of the critical steps in embryogenesis from the anatomic rather than molecular basis. These concepts will be more intuitive and evident in conjunction with diagrams and animated sequences. This text is a synopsis of material provided in Langman’s Medical Embryology, 9th ed. First week – ovulation to fertilization to implantation Fertilization restores 1) the diploid number of chromosomes, 2) determines the chromosomal sex and 3) initiates cleavage. Cleavage of the fertilized ovum results in mitotic divisions generating blastomeres that form a 16-cell morula. The dense morula develops a central cavity and now forms the blastocyst, which restructures into 2 components. The inner cell mass forms the embryoblast and outer cell mass the trophoblast. Consequences for fetal management: Variances in cleavage, i.e. splitting of the zygote at various stages/locations - leads to monozygotic twinning with various relationships of the fetal membranes. Cleavage at later weeks will lead to conjoined twinning. Second week: the week of twos – marked by bilaminar germ disc formation. Commences with blastocyst partially embedded in endometrial stroma Trophoblast forms – 1) cytotrophoblast – mitotic cells that coalesce to form 2) syncytiotrophoblast – erodes into maternal tissues, forms lacunae which are critical to development of the uteroplacental circulation. -
Reproductive System, Day 2 Grades 4-6, Lesson #12
Family Life and Sexual Health, Grades 4, 5 and 6, Lesson 12 F.L.A.S.H. Reproductive System, day 2 Grades 4-6, Lesson #12 Time Needed 40-50 minutes Student Learning Objectives To be able to... 1. Distinguish reproductive system facts from myths. 2. Distinguish among definitions of: ovulation, ejaculation, intercourse, fertilization, implantation, conception, circumcision, genitals, and semen. 3. Explain the process of the menstrual cycle and sperm production/ejaculation. Agenda 1. Explain lesson’s purpose. 2. Use transparencies or your own drawing skills to explain the processes of the male and female reproductive systems and to answer “Anonymous Question Box” questions. 3. Use Reproductive System Worksheets #3 and/or #4 to reinforce new terminology. 4. Use Reproductive System Worksheet #5 as a large group exercise to reinforce understanding of the reproductive process. 5. Use Reproductive System Worksheet #6 to further reinforce Activity #2, above. This lesson was most recently edited August, 2009. Public Health - Seattle & King County • Family Planning Program • © 1986 • revised 2009 • www.kingcounty.gov/health/flash 12 - 1 Family Life and Sexual Health, Grades 4, 5 and 6, Lesson 12 F.L.A.S.H. Materials Needed Classroom Materials: OPTIONAL: Reproductive System Transparency/Worksheets #1 – 2, as 4 transparencies (if you prefer not to draw) OPTIONAL: Overhead projector Student Materials: (for each student) Reproductive System Worksheets 3-6 (Which to use depends upon your class’ skill level. Each requires slightly higher level thinking.) Public Health - Seattle & King County • Family Planning Program • © 1986 • revised 2009 • www.kingcounty.gov/health/flash 12 - 2 Family Life and Sexual Health, Grades 4, 5 and 6, Lesson 12 F.L.A.S.H. -
Female Reproductive System External Female Reproductive Organs Internal Female Reproductive Organs Menstrual Cycle
Prevention and Recognition of Obstetric Fistula Training Package Module 3: Female Reproductive System External female reproductive organs Internal female reproductive organs Menstrual cycle • Menstruation usually starts when a girl is between 11-15 years of age (menarche) and continues until 50-60 years of age (menopause) • Monthly cycle if a woman is not pregnant or breastfeeding (can also be affected by some methods of family planning) • Controlled by hormone cycles – Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland – Estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries • After the egg is released from the ovary (ovulation) if there is no fertilization with sperm, there is a discharge of blood and mucous from the uterus and the cycle repeats Changes during pregnancy • A woman can get pregnant if she has sex during or near the time of ovulation • Symptoms of pregnancy women may notice: missed menstruation, soreness and enlargement of breasts, nausea, frequent urination and fatigue • As the fetus grows inside the uterus, it stretches and extends above the pelvic bones Impact of nutrition on reproduction • Inadequate nutrition interferes with physical growth – height and weight – of children • Young women who had inadequate nutrition as children may be short in stature, undernourished and have pelvic bones not well developed for pregnancy and childbirth • Under-nutrition can also interfere with reproductive hormones and increase risk of anemia. Women who are undernourished may not have normal menstrual cycles and may have difficulty getting pregnancy and staying healthy during pregnancy. -
The Protection of the Human Embryo in Vitro
Strasbourg, 19 June 2003 CDBI-CO-GT3 (2003) 13 STEERING COMMITTEE ON BIOETHICS (CDBI) THE PROTECTION OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO IN VITRO Report by the Working Party on the Protection of the Human Embryo and Fetus (CDBI-CO-GT3) Table of contents I. General introduction on the context and objectives of the report ............................................... 3 II. General concepts............................................................................................................................... 4 A. Biology of development ....................................................................................................................... 4 B. Philosophical views on the “nature” and status of the embryo............................................................ 4 C. The protection of the embryo............................................................................................................... 8 D. Commercialisation of the embryo and its parts ................................................................................... 9 E. The destiny of the embryo ................................................................................................................... 9 F. “Freedom of procreation” and instrumentalisation of women............................................................10 III. In vitro fertilisation (IVF).................................................................................................................. 12 A. Presentation of the procedure ...........................................................................................................12 -
Maternal Gastrointestinal Tract Adaptation to Pregnancy All Topics
2017/7/29 Maternal gastrointestinal tract adaptation to pregnancy - UpToDate Official reprint from UpToDate® www.uptodate.com ©2017 UpToDate® Maternal gastrointestinal tract adaptation to pregnancy Author: Angela Bianco, MD Section Editor: Charles J Lockwood, MD, MHCM Deputy Editor: Kristen Eckler, MD, FACOG All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete. Literature review current through: Jun 2017. | This topic last updated: Mar 14, 2016. INTRODUCTION — Pregnancy has little, if any, effect on gastrointestinal secretion or absorption, but it has a major effect on gastrointestinal motility. Pregnancy-related changes in motility are present throughout the gastrointestinal tract and are related to increased levels of female sex hormones. In addition, the enlarging uterus displaces bowel, which can affect the presentation of disorders such as appendicitis. Knowledge of the gastrointestinal adaptation to pregnancy is necessary for accurate interpretation of laboratory tests, as well as imaging studies in the gravid patient. Maternal gastrointestinal tract changes during pregnancy and common gastrointestinal disorders related to pregnancy will be reviewed here. OROPHARYNX — The mucous membrane lining the oropharynx is responsive to the hormonal changes related to pregnancy. The gingiva is primarily affected, while the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands are spared, although excessive salivation during pregnancy has been described [1]. The effect of pregnancy on the initiation or progression of caries is not clear; pregnancy-related changes in the oral environment (salivary pH, oral flora) or in maternal diet and oral hygiene may increase the risk of caries [2]. (See "The skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes during pregnancy", section on 'Mucous membranes'.) Taste — Most studies suggest that taste perception changes during pregnancy [3-6]. -
Easter for Married Couples 2020.Pdf
1 All scripture quotes are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible (NRSV) unless otherwise noted. New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Meditations by William C. Wacker, unless otherwise noted. © Marriage in Christ, 2020 Please do not copy or distribute without the permission of Marriage in Christ 601 River Ridge Parkway Eagan, MN 55121 2 INTRODUCTION This is the most unusual Easter in our lifetime. A dear friend reminded me that we are an Easter people living in a Good Friday world. After six weeks of Lenten sacrifice, much of it isolated in our homes, we should celebrate Easter for six weeks! Why? Because nothing that is more important to our faith as Christians than the resurrection of Jesus. We offer these meditations and activities to help you to celebrate Easter as a couple. And in this difficult time, allow your hearts and your marriages to be filled with hope! HOW TO USE THIS SERIES Set yourself up for success! Pick a time of day you can be consistent with. Turn off your phones and other distractions. Light a candle. Sit close together and take turns reading the parts out loud. FORMAT We’ve set up each day into three parts: PRAY We have selected one scripture passage with a resurrection theme for you to read. It is followed by a meditation, a time for quiet reflection, discussion, a blessing, and a prayer for unity. -
Implantation of the Human Embryo
14 Implantation of the Human Embryo Russell A. Foulk University of Nevada, School of Medicine USA 1. Introduction Implantation is the final frontier to embryogenesis and successful pregnancy. Over the past three decades, there have been tremendous advances in the understanding of human embryo development. Since the advent of In Vitro Fertilization, the embryo has been readily available to study outside the body. Indeed, the study has led to much advancement in embryonic stem cell derivation. Unfortunately, it is not so easy to evaluate the steps of implantation since the uterus cannot be accessed by most research tools. This has limited our understanding of early implantation. Both the physiological and pathological mechanisms of implantation occur largely unseen. The heterogeneity of these processes between species also limits our ability to develop appropriate animal models to study. In humans, there is a precise coordinated timeline in which pregnancy can occur in the uterus, the so called “window of implantation”. However, in many cases implantation does not occur despite optimal timing and embryo quality. It is very frustrating to both a patient and her clinician to transfer a beautiful embryo into a prepared uterus only to have it fail to implant. This chapter will review the mechanisms of human embryo implantation and discuss some reasons why it fails to occur. 2. Phases of human embryo implantation The human embryo enters the uterine cavity approximately 4 to 5 days post fertilization. After passing down the fallopian tube or an embryo transfer catheter, the embryo is moved within the uterine lumen by rhythmic myometrial contractions until it can physically attach itself to the endometrial epithelium. -
In Vitro Fertilization (I.V.F.)
THE FERTILITY CENTER OF OREGON 590 Country Club Parkway, Suite A Eugene, Oregon 97401 (541) 683-1559 Douglas Austin, M.D. Lesa Hill, P.A.-C Jeannie Merrick, R.N.,N.P. Sue Armstrong C.N.M. IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (I.V.F.) What is I.V.F.? In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the original procedure among the Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). IVF is sometimes called “the test-tube baby” procedure. In the IVF procedure, a woman is given fertility medications to stimulate several eggs (8-10 or more) to develop in her ovaries. These eggs are then recovered from the ovaries through a procedure called transvaginal ultrasound egg retrieval. The eggs and the sperm from the husband are combined in the laboratory for 3-6 days, and then 2 of the healthiest embryos are transferred back into the uterus through the cervix in a procedure similar to intrauterine insemination (IUI). How does I.V.F. increase the chance of successful pregnancy? IVF appears to increase the chance of pregnancy in several ways. When several eggs are stimulated to develop in the ovaries instead of just one, the odds of pregnancy are improved. In addition, mixing of the sperm and eggs together in the IVF laboratory insures that adequate contact of sperm and eggs will occur and overcomes mechanical problems of tubal pick- up of the egg. Fertilization of the eggs in a Petri dish in the IVF laboratory requires a smaller number of sperm and is recognized as the best treatment for the majority of male (sperm) fertility problems. -
Pulmonary Function During Pregnancy in Normal Women and in Patients with Cardiopulmonary Disease
Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thx.25.4.445 on 1 July 1970. Downloaded from Thorax (1970), 25, 445. Pulmonary function during pregnancy in normal women and in patients with cardiopulmonary disease KUDDUSI GAZIOGLU, NOLAN L. KALTREIDER, MORTIMER ROSEN, and PAUL N. YU Cardiology and Pulmonary Disease Units of the Department of Medicine, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; and the Medical and Obstetrical Clinics, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New York Pulmonary function studies were carried out during pregnancy in 8 normal women, in 8 patients with valvular (either mitral or aortic) heart disease, and in 8 patients with chronic pulmonary disease (either emphysema or sarcoidosis). In healthy pregnant women, changes in lung volumes and maximal expiratory flow rates were not significant. Diffusing capacity tended to decrease associated with unchanged pulmonary capillary blood volume. In patients with valvular heart disease, ventilation and oxygen consumption increased toward the term. The patients with mitral valve lesions showed a significant decrease in diffusing capacity with an increase in pulmonary capillary blood volume. In patients wth emphysema, characteristic changes were increasing obstructive functional abnormalities associated with an increase in pulmonary diffusing capacity and pulmonary capillary blood volume. None of these patients, however, had clinical evidence of deterioration of their disease. Patients with sarcoidosis had no appreciable alteration in pulmonary function tests. http://thorax.bmj.com/ The influence of various factors, such as increased ovarian hormones, ventilation-perfusion relationships, intra-abdominal distension, and cardiac haemodynamics, are discussed in relation to the change in pulmonary diffusing capacity and pulmonary capillary blood volume. -
In .The in .The
M O O D Y B I B L E I N S T I T U T E ‘ S When I found T TOODDAAYY the one my heart IINN..THTHEE loves, I held him and would not let him go. Song of Songs 3:4 WOWOJUNE R2004RDD SONG OF SONGS: THE WISDOM OF LOVE TODAY WITH PRESIDENT STOWELL PASSIONATE LOVE I am my beloved’s and his desire is for me. — SONG OF SOLOMON Do you know that you are desired? Do you What an astounding, amazing type feel completely and passionately loved? As of Love! believers, we often talk about the love of God, This month we will study the Song of but rarely do we see it as a deeply felt con- Solomon—a celebration of the love suming love. We reserve that type of love for between a groom and his bride. Song of romance. Instead, we tend to see God’s love as Solomon centers on the “beloved,” and the something safe and warm, reserved for the word is repeated more than 32 times in the calm confines of the church. book. As we study the text, we cannot help But, this spring, Mel but notice that this love between a man and Gibson’s acclaimed movie The a woman is also a striking representation of Passion of the Christ, broke deep love of Christ for us. through our safe view of Christ’s In the text, Solomon writes of the con- love. As our hearts were broken nection that exists between himself and his by the sight of our suffering bride. -
Anime/Games/J-Pop/J-Rock/Vocaloid
Anime/Games/J-Pop/J-Rock/Vocaloid Deutsch Alice Im Wunderland Opening Anne mit den roten Haaren Opening Attack On Titans So Ist Es Immer Beyblade Opening Biene Maja Opening Catpain Harlock Opening Card Captor Sakura Ending Chibi Maruko-Chan Opening Cutie Honey Opening Detektiv Conan OP 7 - Die Zeit steht still Detektiv Conan OP 8 - Ich Kann Nichts Dagegen Tun Detektiv Conan Opening 1 - 100 Jahre Geh'n Vorbei Detektiv Conan Opening 2 - Laufe Durch Die Zeit Detektiv Conan Opening 3 - Mit Aller Kraft Detektiv Conan Opening 4 - Mein Geheimnis Detektiv Conan Opening 5 - Die Liebe Kann Nicht Warten Die Tollen Fussball-Stars (Tsubasa) Opening Digimon Adventure Opening - Leb' Deinen Traum Digimon Adventure Opening - Leb' Deinen Traum (Instrumental) Digimon Adventure Wir Werden Siegen (Instrumental) Digimon Adventure 02 Opening - Ich Werde Da Sein Digimon Adventure 02 Opening - Ich Werde Da Sein (Insttrumental) Digimon Frontier Die Hyper Spirit Digitation (Instrumental) Digimon Frontier Opening - Wenn das Feuer In Dir Brennt Digimon Frontier Opening - Wenn das Feuer In Dir Brennt (Instrumental) (Lange Version) Digimon Frontier Wenn Du Willst (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Eine Vision (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Ending - Neuer Morgen Digimon Tamers Neuer Morgen (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Opening - Der Grösste Träumer Digimon Tamers Opening - Der Grösste Träumer (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Regenbogen Digimon Tamers Regenbogen (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Sei Frei (Instrumental) Digimon Tamers Spiel Dein Spiel (Instrumental) DoReMi Ending Doremi -
The Four Levels Of
3 the four levels of JOY BY RICHARD EYRE ILLUSTRATIONS BY BOBBI SNOW WITH A FOREWORD BY LINDA J. EYRE 4 Copyright 2000 by Richard M. Eyre based on The Discovery of Joy by Richard M. Eyre Copyright 8 1974 by BookCraft, Inc. ___________ All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. _____________ Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 74-16555 ISBN 0-88494-270-8 5 Other Books by the Author Lifebalance* Teaching Your Children Values* 3 Steps to a Strong Family* The Awakening (a novel) What Manner of Man Teaching Your Children Responsibility* Teaching Your Children Sensitivity* Teaching Your Children Joy* Don=t Just Do Something, Sit There The Wrappings and the Gifts Children=s Stories to Teach Joy* Stewardship of the Heart Spiritual Serendipity Alexander=s Amazing Adventures: Values for Children** Relationships* The Birth That We Call Death* Simplified Husbandship/Simplified Fathership Free to be Free The Change That We Call Birth*How would you define a Aparadigm?@ Discuss the importance of paradigms. How do false paradigms get started? How do people come to accept them? What do you think influences our paradigms most? (media, advertising, peer groups, what we perceive to be the Anorms@ around us) What should influence them most (our values, our conscience). What is the main danger of false paradigms to a family? Utah in the Year 2000 I Challenge You/I Promise You* Goals* *Co-authored **Audio tape series 6 7 Foreword When I first met Richard, his favorite word was Ajoy.@ And it still is.