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E-LEARNING FRAMEWORKS 29 Introduction Voice Interactive Classroom, a service- oriented software architecture to enable cross-platform multi-channel access to Internet-based learning Víctor Manuel Álvarez García UNIVERSITY OF OVIEDO DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of EUROPEAN DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Universidad de Oviedo Voice Interactive Classroom, a service-oriented software architecture to enable cross-platform multi-channel access to Internet-based learning Víctor Álvarez García Depósito Legal: AS. 00480-2011 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/77825 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. 21 Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. Víctor Manuel Álvarez García (2011) “Voice Interactive Classroom, a service- oriented software architecture to enable cross-platform multi-channel access to Internet-based learning”, Ph.D. Thesis Dissertation, University of Oviedo, Spain European Ph.D. Dissertation Defence: 17th February 2011 Supervisors: Dr. María del Puerto Paule Ruiz, University of Oviedo, Spain Dr. Marcus Specht, Open University of the Netherlands, The Netherlands Reviewers: Dr. Marie Joubert, University of Bristol, England Dr. Lorella Giannandrea, University of Macerata, Italy Committee: Prof. Dr. Manuel Ortega Cantero, University of Castilla – La Mancha, Spain Prof. Dr. Rob Koper, Open University of the Netherlands, The Netherlands Prof. Dr. Juan Manuel Cueva Lovelle, University of Oviedo, Spain Prof. Dr. Manuel Pérez Cota, University of Vigo, Spain Dr. Juan Ramón Pérez Pérez, University of Oviedo, Spain Voice Interactive Classroom, a service- oriented software architecture to enable cross-platform multi-channel access to Internet-based learning Víctor Manuel Álvarez García UNIVERSITY OF OVIEDO DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of EUROPEAN DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Aula de Voz Interactiva, una arquitectura software orientada a servicios para habilitar un acceso multiplataforma y multicanal al aprendizaje basado en Internet Voice Interactive Classroom, a service- oriented software architecture to enable cross-platform multi-channel access to Internet-based learning Víctor Manuel Álvarez García UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO DEPARTAMENTO DE INFORMÁTICA Tesis Doctoral depositada el día 5 de Noviembre de 2010 para la obtención del título de Doctor Europeo por la Universidad de Oviedo Dirigida por: Dra. María del Puerto Paule Ruiz (Universidad de Oviedo) Dr. Marcus Matthäus Specht (Centre for Learning Sciences and Technologies, Open Universiteit Nederland) Abstract Software technology is creating a ubiquitous context for human living and learning in which new modes of interaction are gradually being incorporated. At the same time, interaction with Internet-based learning systems has evolved from using the traditional access from a personal computer or laptop‟s web browser to more flexible access from mobile devices. However, in both cases, e-learning systems have created a context in which interaction with the user is carried out mainly by using visual perception. This situation restraints the number of scenarios in which students can make use of a learning management system. Audio-based software brings a new way of interacting with the Internet. Visual access to Internet resources can be complemented with audio interfaces to adapt e- learning systems to different educational settings and learning styles, but auditory access to web resources needs to be more broadly supported by software architectures. This dissertation proposes the use of a service-oriented approach, supported by the e-learning specifications IMS Abstract Framework and The Open Knowledge Initiative, to provide a complementary audio communication channel and enable the interoperability of audio features among the various e-learning platforms and components. In addition, the use of the W3C recommendations of VoiceXML, along with the methods and techniques of adaptive educational hypermedia, allows overcoming the limitations of using unusual or non-standard languages to describe voice dialogues and better adapt the on-line learning process to innovative e-learning scenarios. The components of this model have been mapped to a software architecture named “Voice Interactive Classroom” that serves as a starting point for the design of research case studies which aim to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed solution. The validation of this thesis has been achieved by setting up and following an active strategy for scientific outreach. Activities include planning, coordinating and supervising final year projects, master projects and master dissertations, presenting articles and communications in scientific meetings, and the publication of this research study in a prestigious scientific journal. i Resumen La tecnología software está creando un contexto ubicuo para la vida y el aprendizaje humano en el que gradualmente se incorporan nuevos modos de interacción. Además, la interacción con los sistemas de aprendizaje basados en Internet ha evolucionado desde el acceso tradicional a través del navegador web de un ordenador personal o portátil a accesos más flexibles desde dispositivos móviles. Sin embargo, en ambos casos, los sistemas de e-learning han creado un contexto en el cual la interacción con el usuario se realiza principalmente utilizando la percepción visual. Esta situación limita el número de escenarios en el que los estudiantes pueden hacer uso de los sistemas de gestión del aprendizaje. El software basado en audio proporciona una nueva manera de interaccionar con Internet. El acceso visual a los recursos de Internet puede ser complementado con interfaces de audio para adaptar los sistemas de e- learning existentes a diferentes entornos educativos y estilos de aprendizaje, pero el acceso auditivo a los recursos web necesita encontrar mayor soporte en las arquitecturas software. Esta tesis propone el uso de un enfoque orientado a servicios, apoyado en las especificaciones de e-learning IMS Abstract Framework y The Open Knowledge Initiative, para proporcionar un canal de comunicación complementario y auditivo, y permitir la interoperabilidad de las aplicaciones de audio con las plataformas y componentes de e-learning. Adicionalmente, el uso de las recomendaciones VoiceXML del W3C, junto con los métodos y técnicas de hipermedia adaptativa para sistemas educativos, permiten superar las limitaciones de usar lenguajes inusuales o no estándar para describir los diálogos de voz y adaptar mejor el proceso de aprendizaje en línea a escenarios de e-learning innovadores. Los componentes de este modelo han sido mapeados a una arquitectura software denominada “Aula de Voz Interactiva” que sirve como punto de partida en el diseño de casos de estudio que persiguen demostrar los beneficios de la solución propuesta. La validación de esta tesis se ha conseguido mediante el planteamiento y seguimiento de una estrategia de alcance científico. Las actividades incluyen la planificación, coordinación y dirección de proyectos fin de carrera y trabajos fin de máster, la presentación de artículos y comunicaciones en reuniones científicas y la publicación de esta investigación en una prestigiosa revista científica. ii Acknowledgements This Ph.D dissertation has been possible only because of the help and support of a large number of professors, colleagues, students, relatives and friends. Thanks for being part of my work and my life, this achievement is also yours. I am heartily thankful to Dr. Andrés Sampedro Nuño and Dr. María del Puerto Paule Ruíz. Without their guidance, support and encouragement over the years this thesis would not exist. My deep thanks to Dr. Juan Manuel Cueva Lovelle, Dr. Víctor Guillermo García, Dr. Jose Ramiro Varela and Dr. María Camino Rodríguez Vela,
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