Heroic Journey of Katniss Everdeen in Suzanne Collins' Novel Catching Fire

Atavisme, 22 (2), 2019, 233-245

HEROIC JOURNEY OF KATNISS EVERDEEN IN SUZANNE COLLINS’ NOVEL CATCHING FIRE Perjalanan Kepahlawanan Katniss Everdeen dalam Novel Catching Fire Karya Suzanne Collins

Rohmat Anang Fakhruddina,*

a,*Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jalan Ketintang, Surabaya, Indonesia, Telepon (031) 7532160, Faksimile (031) 7532112, Pos-el: [email protected]

(Naskah Diterima Tanggal 7 Mei 2019—Direvisi Akhir Tanggal 30 September 2019—Disetujui Tanggal 9 Oktober 2019)

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap perjalanan Katniss Everdeen dengan menggunakan lingkaran monomitos dalam novel Catching Fire (2009) karya Suzanne Collins. Peneliti- an ini menggunakan kritik sastra dengan menerapkan lingkaran monomitos Joseph Campbell. Te- ori monomitos digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi perjalanan kepahlawanan Katniss dalam Catch- ing Fire. Setiap data diklasifikasikan dalam tahapan-tahapan menurut lingkaran monomitos; ke- pergian (departure), permulaan (initiation), dan kembali (return). Setiap tahapan merepresen- tasikan perkembangan watak Katniss selama melakukan perjalanannya. Berdasarkan analisis, di- temukan bahwa Katniss memulai perjalanannya dengan mengadaptasikan dirinya di Desa Peme- nang setelah memenangkan Hunger Games ke-74. Dia memulai perjalanannya setelah Presiden Snow memberikan tantangan untuk meyakinkannya agar mengurangi pemberontakan di setiap distrik. Katniss menolak kembali ke rumah karena dia harus menyelamatkan Peeta. Oleh karena itu, disimpulkan bahwa novel Catching Fire dapat menjadi sebuah langkah lanjutan dari perjalanan Katniss untuk mendewasakan dirinya menjadi seorang pahlawan di akhir perjalanannya.

Kata kunci: Katniss Everdeen; lingkaran monomitos; novel Catching Fire

Abstract: This research aims to reveal the journey of Katniss Everdeen by using monomyth cycle in Suzanne Collins’ novel Catching Fire (2009). This research used the literary criticism that employs the monomyth cycle of Joseph Campbell. The monomyth theory was used to explore Katniss’ heroic journey within the novel Catching Fire. All data were classified into the following stages of monomyth cycle: departure, initiation, and return. Each stage represented the development of Katniss’s traits during her journey. From the analysis, it was discovered that Katniss began her journey by adapting herself in Victor’s Village after winning the 74th Hunger Games. She began her journey after President Snow provided her a challenge to convince him to reduce the uprising acts in each District. She refused to return home since she must rescue Peeta. Therefore, this paper concludes that this novel can be a continuity step of Katniss’ Journey for transforming herself to be a heroine at the end of her Journey.

Keywords: Katniss Everdeen; monomyth cycle; Catching Fire novel

How to Cite: Fakhruddin, R.A. (2019). Heroic Journey of Katniss Everdeen in Suzanne Collins’ Novel Catching Fire. Atavisme, 22 (2), 233-245 (doi: 10.24257/atavisme.v22i2.553.233-245 )

Permalink/DOI: http://doi.org/10.24257/atavisme.v22i2.553.233-245

INTRODUCTION the hero to the psychological develop- The novel Catching Fire contains several ment which will transform the hero from quests which lead the hero to make a the innocent character into the aware- journey along the story. The quests bring ness of the survival activities. During

Copyright © 2019, Atavisme, ISSN 2503-5215 (Online), ISSN 1410-900X (Print) 233 Rohmat Anang Fakhruddin/Atavisme, 22 (2), 2019, 233-245 completing the quest, the hero obviously provided in the story. It can be a bridge faces several characters (allies and to the writer to analyze monomyth cycle enemies characters) that will become through the presence of various conflicts either her obstacles to achieve the goal in the story. or her guidance to support her to Literary studies that investigated achieve the goal (Vogler, 2007: 31). It the monomyth concept has been con- can be an initial scheme which will be ducted by various researchers world- analyzed using Campbell’s monomyth wide. Najafi et al (2012) attempted to cycle. The plot of the story invites audi- analyze the failed quest in Beckett’s How ences to sympathize with the main char- It Is using Campbell’s monomyth. There acter, Katniss Everdeen, during the initi- are three characters in Beckettt’s How It ation of the Quarter Quell to the end of Is: Bem, Bom, and Pim. The characters the story. Katniss Everdeen as the hero are classified into antiheroes. They are in this novel can be represented as the given uncertain quest and unable to rebellious figure of 12 districts against solve it. Najafi et al. found that the de- the Capitol toward the special event of scription of the darkness and mud from the Quarter Quell. She is driven by her the narrator indicates the ordinary desire to win the game when attempting world comparing with the place of light. to complete the game and saving her This indication can be concluded as the family life. Campbell (1950: 28) initiates part of initiation. The separation phase is monomyth as the underlying principle in vague since the narrator does not belong his theory of the hero’s journey. He to the place of light nor the darkness of assumed that various heroes in a fiction- underworld. The quest for self is be- al story have their own journeys which lieved as the quest for the antihero’s arecovered by the plot of the story. His characters in this novel. The quest for assumption refers to several plots of self requires the character to discover mythological and/or religion stories, himself so that he will have an identity such as Gautama Budha, the Prometheus and a sense of being. The failure of the who stole fire from the gods, or the leg- quest relates the inability of the nar- end of Moses in the land of Egypt. The rator’s consciousness to unify with the hero’s journey describes how the main outside of consciousness. As the conclu- character or hero is developing him/her- sion, Najafi et al. stated that the events of self during the story. Campbell (1950) this novel follow Campbell’s monomyth; states that the journey forces the hero to there are separation, initiation, and re- step out of his/her ordinary world in turn. However, the concept that Beckett order to receive and achieve the quest used to follow monomyth cycle is vague. from his/her society. The journey is pro- In line with Najafi et al, Kesti (2007) posed to build the new character of the and Mohammadi (2013) investigated hero. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. Their The selection of the Collins’ novel findings revealed that the four side char- Catching Fire as the subject of the study acters (Aragorn, Sam, Eowyn, and is based on the fact that it has received Gandalf) follow the three phases of the several awards; one of which was from hero’s journey: departure, initiation, and Publisher Weekly as the best book in return. As a result, Campbell’s theory is 2008; Catching Fire has been translated universal and can be applied to not only into at least 26 languages. The other rea- the main character but also the side son emerges to respond the dystopian characters. genre in which several conflicts are

Mollegaard and Belcher (2013) concluded that both El Norte and La employed the hero’s journey concept misma luna movies underline the obsta- within a short story. Their study investi- cles of the immigrants’ journey. Both gated two of Edgar Allan Poe’s literary protagonists in the movies cannot reach works “Ms. Found in a Bottle” and “The their return stage and they should adapt Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nan- and survive in the new world. tucket” using hero’s journey concept and Palumbo (2013) attempted to ana- the romantic motifs of death and mad- lyze Star Trek series in 2009 using ness. They found that both literary Campbell’s monomyth theory briefly. His works have similarities in the beginning study attempted to reveal the quality of and ending of the story. Both main char- heroes and to retell the characters of the acters end or disappear in the South Pole heroes in Star Trek. He found that there or Antarctica. In Poe’s literary works, the are similarities on qualities of hero in protagonist of an ordinary person can each Star Trek series. He provided the become a universal man. The failure to similarities in the form of table present- complete the quest will stimulate the ed in the article, then briefly explained madness within the character’s psychol- the qualities of hero in each Star Trek ogy which will reveal the male’s protago- series. He concluded that Star Trek nists’ class anxiety in the story. They series collectively symbolized “transcen- concluded that Poe’s literary works re- dence” which is proven by one of the veal his association with scientific explo- characters, Decker, who transcends his ration and national identity to the Ant- humanity through time-traveling using arctic’s exploration theme. There is also the space flight. the impact of madness and death motifs The other study is from Merlyn within his literary works as the conse- (2009) who investigated Lambert’s quence of his narratives’ abrupt endings. work on his Marxism concept that shap- Drake (2013) investigated the use ed his moral world. This study attempt- of Campbell’s hero’s journey in two im- ed to investigate a hero’s journey con- migrant movies El Norte and La misma cept within a Marxist concept in Eric luna as the fundamental theme com- Lambert’s literary works. She found that bined with the immigrant’s story as a the initiation phase emerges when contemporary mythology. She found Lambert presumed that his ordinary that, in El Norte, the story is more like world was in education field. It is proven the mythological Sisyphus which tells by several documents showing that that the immigrant gains a cycle of hard Lambert gave his lectures on world affair labor. While in La misma luna, the char- during his service in Army Education. acter succeeds to reach his goal to meet The phase continued when Lambert met his mother in the US. Both El Norte and his mentor, Frank Hardy, at a cottage lec- La misma luna focus on the departure ture and joined a certain Party. Lambert, stage where the heroes attempt to cross then, left his ordinary world, as an edu- their ordinary world to the new world cator, to the extraordinary world, as a which is symbolized in the border cross- socialist realism. In the end of his jour- ing. The main aim of both movies using ney, Lambert expressed his personal ex- Campbell’s hero’s journey concept is to posure from the threshold of moral nihil- show how the immigrants attempt to ism through his novel Glory Thrown In change and to define the “home” mean- and The Dark Backward. She concluded ing through their journey to reach safety that Lambert expressed his hero’s jour- and prosperity in the new land. She ney through his life as portrayed in his

Copyright © 2019, Atavisme, ISSN 2503-5215 (Online), ISSN 1410-900X (Print) 235 Rohmat Anang Fakhruddin/Atavisme, 22 (2), 2019, 233-245 several works during his contribution in imitate the colonizer’s accent and behav- education to his journey in Australia. ior. Robbins (2006) investigated the re- Tan (2013) observed The Hunger lationship of the hero’s journey concept Games trilogy novels focusing on the to everyday lawyering decisions. She childhood dreams in the story related to used several literary works such as the the development of mind, body, and na- stories of Cinderella, King Arthur, Harry tion of the characters. She found that in Potter, and others as objects of analysis Panem, the physical process of matura- and a case theory in lawyer’s court. She tion is represented as the journey to found that the client in the lawyer’s court adulthood less a process of coming-of- can be classified as a certain hero as in age than it is the result of odds and luck. archetypal heroes. The judge is believed She used an identification of Lacanian as a mentor for the hero to serve him perspective toward a literary work. The during the hero’s journey. Her study con- term identification emerges when cluded that the concept of the hero’s Katniss realizes her role to take care of journey and archetypal heroes enables her family when she finds her name’s the lawyers to provide the structure for definition from her father’s explanation. the real investigation. The lawyer could She concluded that Collins writes her use the journey premise as a fundamen- novels The Hunger Games as a consum- tal structure to the client’s own story. erism which reveals a horror culture of Furthermore, Baker (2011) analyz- child death. It is related with a loss of ed the predetermined factors and events humanity in the fragmentation of mind, of Harry Potter as a mythic hero and the body, and nation. way Harry Potter faces his journey of life Oliver (2014) examined The Hunger to become the mythic hero. She found Games novel focusing on Katniss as the that Harry Potter has accomplished the symbol of gender identity toward the three steps of the hero’s journey in the traditional patriarchal constraints. She story by providing several statements found that Katniss can be symbolized as related to the monomyth stages. the gender ambiguity which is proven Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games through her act of wearing hunting items Trilogy also has been analyzed by many and spending her time with her hunting studies using various approaches. friend, rather than wearing princess Ghaffarpour (2013) examined The Hun- gowns. Katniss also reveals her ambiva- ger Games novels through Bhabha’s per- lent desire through taking up the mater- spective of mimicry, ambivalence, and nal and paternal roles in relationship to stereotype in the interaction of the colo- her family and her lover. She concluded nizer and the colonized to the cultural that Katniss’s role in thetralogy novels impact. He classified several scenes re- Hunger Games promotes a feminist aes- lated with an aspect of mimicry, ambiva- thetics of ambiguity and imaginary space lence, and stereotype in the story. He to the alternatives identities. It can rep- found that the domination of the Capi- resent multivalent meanings for feminin- tol’s ideology toward the 12 districts ity to the future roles of woman within make them obey and consider the Capi- patriarchal culture. tol the absolute power in the society. He Uluru (2016) examined Twilight concluded that the two main characters, and The Hunger Games focusing on the Peeta and Katniss, are considered the narrator-focalizer gender. Her study colonized people, while the Capitol the found that in Twilight, the text’s rhetoric colonizer. The two main characters try to of gender invokes the male focalizer,

236 Copyright © 2019, Atavisme, ISSN 2503-5215 (Online), ISSN 1410-900X (Print) Rohmat Anang Fakhruddin/Atavisme, 22 (2), 2019, 233-245 while in The Hunger Games, there is no observed a scifi or dystopian novel, es- ethical gap between narrator-focalizer pecially Collin’s novel Catching Fire as and the implied author. Both literary the subject of the study. Therefore, by works provide the heroine femininity looking at the possibility of using mono- through their dresses. In The Hunger myth cycle in the dystopian novel, this Games, Katniss changes her embodiment paper’s purpose is to analyze Katniss he- of hegemonic masculinity, while Bella’s roic journey in Catching Fire . Twilight goes to the opposite side. She This research takes one significant concluded that both authors attempt to question: how is monomyth cycle used engage creatively the narrative gender to observe Katniss Everdeen’s journey in schemata. Bella’s Twilight performs her the novel Catching Fire? femininity, whereas Katniss’ The Hunger This research aims to reveal the Games performs her hegemonic mascu- journey of Katniss Everdeen by using linity. monomyth cycle in Catching Fire. Abate (2015) observed The Hunger This research will contribute to the Games focusing on the issues of gender development of literary analysis, espe- identity and sexuality. Her research cially on the hero’s journey studies of found that the narrative structure in- different literary works. It is also expect- cludes long-standing stereotypes about a ed to give an additional reference to fur- specific community; white, wealthy, gen- ther research of English literature, espe- der-nonconforming gay men. Not only cially those who are interested in study- the way of speaking, but this novel also ing the hero’s journey in literary works. reveals the fashion style of the queer Using Campbell’s hero’s journey community in general and homosexual theory, this paper employs monomyth men in particular. She also found that cycle to observe Katniss Everdeen’s jour- there is a relationship between The Hun- ney. The plot of the story invites audi- ger Games and the American issues in ences to sympathize with the main char- LGBTQ rights. She concluded that the acter, Katniss Everdeen, during the initi- novels The Hunger Games seem to reveal ation of the Quarter Quell to the end of the destruction of society’s understand- the games. Katniss Everdeen as the hero ing of gender and sexuality. It blurs the in this novel can be represented as the lines between femininity and masculini- rebellion of 12 districts against the Capi- ty as well as framing both heterosexual- tol toward the special event of the Quar- ity and queerness. ter Quell. She is driven by her desire to Ruthven (2017) observed The Hun- win the games and come back to her ger Games focusing on the postfeminist family in district 12. Campbell (1950: dystrophic issues. She found that 28) initiated monomyth as the underly- Katniss’s acts of rebellions in The Hunger ing principle in his theory of the hero’s Games trigger her impulse to look after journey. He assumed that various heroes others (her district and her family). She in the fictional story have their own jour- concluded that Katniss is a symbol of a ney which is covered by the plot of the third-wave feminist politics. Its dis- story. Katniss also faces various quests course refuses the commodification of that should be completed during her girl power representing in the story. journey. She attempts to survive in the The above previous studies indicate Quarter Quell and to end the Games. that the analysis of hero’s journey con- Hence, Katniss’ effort during the Quarter cept has been conducted by many re- Quell has a significant point to be analyz- searchers. However, none of them have ed through Campbell’s theory.

METHOD FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION In this research, literary criticism em- Catching Fire is the second series of The ploying monomyth cycle of Joseph Hunger Games trilogy which tells about Campbell is used to discover Katniss’ he- Katniss’s adventurous life after winning roic journey within Catching Fire novel. the 74th Hunger Games. The data are classified into the following stages of monomyth cycle: departure, ini- Departure Stage tiation, and return. Each stage repre- The Ordinary World concept in Catching sents the development of Katniss’s traits Fire novel seems vague. Vogler (2007: during her journey. The main data of this 87) explained that the Ordinary World is study contained words, phrases, sen- the basic image of the hero’s life which tences, clauses, discourses, and expres- can be compared with the Special World. sions collected from Collins’s novel It means that the hero experiences most- Catching Fire. The analysis includes the ly normal activities in the Ordinary description or explanation of the phe- World. Katniss and her family live in nomena found in the novel. The data Victor’s Village where they have a privi- were investigated in order to identify the lege from Capitol. They can buy fresh hero’s journey stages in Collins’ Catching meat in town without attempting to hunt Fire. Suzanne Collins’ Catching Fire novel and exchange the hunting result to the published in 2009 was the data source. It Hob. However, Katniss still enjoys the was published by Scholastic Press. It has hunt in the woods even without Gale. 391 pages in the form of pdf. The writer conducted several steps “But my best friend, Gale Hawthrone, of data collection technique in order to and his family will be depending on collect the detail information and rele- today’s haul and I can’t let them down…. vant data to answer the research ques- Gale has gone to work in the coal mines tion. Firstly, the writer conducted the -and I have nothing to do all day- I’ve taken over the job.” (Collins, 2009: 3) skimming reading to find various information about the intrinsic elements. The statement proves that Katniss’ Ordi- Then, the writer conducted a close read- nary World has been reformed after ing to find out several data related to the winning the 74th Hunger Games. She gets hero’s journey structure. After reading rich and lives in Victor’s Village, while the novel, the writer classified and inves- Gale should work in a coalminer to fulfill tigates the relevant collected data to the his family life. It can be the continuity of topic being discussed in this study based Return stage of the first series where on monomyth phases. Katniss succeeds to return home after This paper investigated Katniss winning the Hunger Games. She can Everdeen’s Journey presented in the reunite with her family, but moves to novel using monomyth cycle as the Victor’s Village to spend the rest of her guidelines within Catching Fire novel. life. Campbell (1950: 209) stated that the The writer took several descriptions re- hero should overcome the difficulty to lated to the heroine’s journey and clas- adapt to the Ordinary World after com- sified it into each stage based on pleting her journey. Katniss attempts to Campbell’s theory of monomyth to an- do her daily routines; hunting, gathering, swer the research question. At the end of and exchanging food, after winning the this paper, the writer presents the con- Hunger Games even her society has been clusion based on verified analysis data changed. Yet, she struggles to adapt to and discussion. her Ordinary World in order to keep in

238 Copyright © 2019, Atavisme, ISSN 2503-5215 (Online), ISSN 1410-900X (Print) Rohmat Anang Fakhruddin/Atavisme, 22 (2), 2019, 233-245 touch with Gale. Thus, the Ordinary As the tradition, the victor of the Hunger World can also be the place that the hero Games will hold the Victor Tour in every comes from her last journey (Vogler, district to get the sympathy for the death 2007: 87). The society might be evolved of other tributes and to remind the peo- as a result of his/her journey, but it still ple that no one can defy the Capitol. In his/her Ordinary World. this tour, Katniss should convince the Campbell (1950: 47) stated that the people that she really loves Peeta and call to adventure comes when the hero’s prevent them to do the uprising. If she peaceful life is threatened by the evil succeeds, she can Refuses the Call. presence. It comes asa challenge for the Refusal of the Call rarely happens in hero to protect her society. In this case, the mythical world. The hero may refuse the call to adventure is announced by to do the journey because she thinks that President Snow when he visits Katniss in it is beyond her capacity to save the the Victor’s Village. world (Campbell,1950:55). It means that the hero is unable to accept the quest “’Only you’ll have to do even better if due to his/her incapacity to complete or the uprisings are to be averted. This to face the challenge in the Special World. tour will be your only chance to turn It can be seen in the novel The Lord of things around,’ he says. ‘I’ll convince The Rings when Gandalf demands Frodo everyone in the districts that I wasn’t to keep the Ring, but Frodo refuses it defying the Capitol, that I was crazy because of his incapacity to cope his with love,’ I say. ‘Aim higher in case you fall short. Convince me.’ he says.” journey (Mohammadi, 2013: 118). In (Collins, 2009: 14–15) this case, Katniss is afraid, if she fails to convince President Snow, her family will President Snow tells Katniss that the be in danger. She has a plan to bring her uprising increases in several districts. and Gale’s families to escape in the wood The people question her reason for her to avoid the possibility of her failure. act to eat the nightclock berries in the end of the Games. Some people believe “My mind searches frantically for a way that she sacrifices her life because of her out. I can’t let President Snow condemn me to this. I’d try to run away. What love to Peeta, but others believe that it is would they do if I simply vanished? the rebellion act to the Capitol. Therefore, Disappeared into the woods and never Katniss’s call to adventure is to convince come out? Could I even manage to take President Snow to all eviate the people everyone I love with me, start a new life to defy the Capitol, or else he will vanish deep in the wild? Highly unlikely but the District 12, including Katniss’, Gale’s, not impossible.” (Collins, 2009: 23) and Peeta’s families. As a victor, Katniss expects to get She shows her refusal to call by planning her freedom to live. She succeeds to re- to escape in the wood with all people unite with her family and attempts to that she loves. Even after winning of the live in the new society. Campbell (1950: previous Hunger Games and becoming a 225) explained that the hero deserves to rising star, Katniss has a little doubt that get his/her freedom to live after passing she will fail the quest. It indicates that several trials in the journey. The hero re- Katniss hesitates herself to convince unites with his/her family and gets his/ President Snow. Her hesitation emerges her peaceful life again. However, Katniss due to her inability to show her true love does not get the freedom to live due to with Peeta in front of the Districts’ peo- the challenge that President Snow gives. ple.

Vogler (2007: 117) stated that the way to convince that the uprising should hero’s refusal of the call can be overcome not be held. Haymitch’s advice might by meeting the mentor. The mentor will influence Katniss’s decision whether she serve the hero by protecting, guiding, accepts or refuses the call. Therefore, training, and providing them with seve- Katniss realizes that Peeta has a great ral solutions. The hero gains information skill to convince the people with his be- and confidence to overcome the fear havior and pretending actions. Then, from the mentor. In European myth, the Katniss accepts the call and holds the helpful crone and fairy godmother is a Victor Tour. symbol of the supernatural aid it self. In Meeting the threshold guardian is a a common world myth, it can be in the symbol that the hero moves across the form of a wizard, a hermit, a shepherd, Special World. Campbell (1950: 83) ar- or a blacksmith. The mentor figure can gued that this phase is the movement of be seen in the Jane Guy of Liverpool in the hero into a sphere of rebirth. In this Pym’s Tale written by Edgar Allan Poe. phase, the hero reveals his willingness to He provides the guidance to Pym when undergo the self-transformation. As in El traveling toward the Antarctic. Pym’s Norte and La Misma Luna, the protago- ship is wrecked by the storm causing his nists are struggling to avoid the border supply decreased. Then, the Jane Guy of guards, so that they can cross the border Liverpool finds him and provides a lift to to the new land. They face similar diffi- Pym and his crews (Møllegaard & culty in language, culture, and identity Belcher, 2013: 416). Likewise in Catch- (Drake, 2013: 88). In the movie Termina- ing Fire novel, Katniss visits Haymitch tor, Reese crosses to the past year in when they are preparing to hold the 1984 from the future in order to change Victor Tour. Haymitch Abernathy is a the fate of John Connor’s birth. He is sup- middle-aged man whose appearance ported by the future John Connor in or- seems unintelligible, strange, and a der to prevent the Skynet defense ma- drinker. He trains Katniss and Peeta chine to initiate the doom’s day during the 74th Hunger Games. He also (Palumbo, 2008: 419). The hero, some- provides Katniss and Peeta several times, does not challenge the threshold pieces of advice that might be needed to guardian, he/she can pass the bounds by face their trials. Katniss knows that, as tricking the threshold guardian her mentor, Haymitch will give a solu- (Campbell, 1950: 75). In one moment of tion if she tells him all her problems. Victor’s Tour, Katniss suggests Peeta doing the public marriage proposal in or- “I tell him everything. About the presi- der to convince the President and the dent’s visit, about Gale, about how we’re people of all Panem that their love is real. all going to die if I fail. His face sobers, grows older in the glow of the red tail- “Peeta gets down on one knee, pours light. ’Then you can’t fail.’” out his heart, and begs me to marry him. (Collins, 2009: 22) I, of course, accept. The Capitol audience is hysterical, shots of crowds around Haymitch gives her advice that she Panem show a country besotted with should marry Peeta in order to convince happiness.” (Collins, 2009: 35) President Snow and the people that she really loves Peeta. That is the conse- Katniss tricks the Capitol audience and quence of their pretending actions after President Snow with this marriage. It winning the Hunger Games, showing purposes to convince President and pre- true love. Thus, the marriage is the only vent the uprisings. Katniss does not at-

240 Copyright © 2019, Atavisme, ISSN 2503-5215 (Online), ISSN 1410-900X (Print) Rohmat Anang Fakhruddin/Atavisme, 22 (2), 2019, 233-245 tempt to fight the President to pass the accompany her. Katniss faces her Road bounds. She tricks him in order to pro- of Trials in this Quarter Quell as the pre- tect her families. vious Hunger Games, yet she already She did manage to pass the thres- knows the overall rules of the Games and hold by arranging the marriage, but she is already prepared to face every possi- put herself in more challenge, dangerous ble situation in the Arena. situation that leads Katniss to the Belly In the Road of Trialsphase, the hero of the Whale phase. Campbell (1950: 84) should cope with several tests/chal- stated that the hero completely sepa- lenges in order to begin her self-trans- rates from her Ordinary World and steps formation. Campbell (1950: 89) claimed forward to Special World. In this case, that the hero is assisted by her supernat- Katniss triggers President to hold the ural aids; it can be an advice, an amulet, Quarter Quell that makes her to partici- or a secret agent. Vogler (2007: 136) ar- pate once again in a death match game. gued that the test or challenge can be in The Quarter Quell requires all the former the form of the mentor’s training contin- victors of Hunger Games to participate. It uation. This test can establish the land- means that Katniss will participate in the scape of the unknown world which is Quell since she is the only female victor dominated by a villain. The hero should from District 12 that is alive. cope with the test in order to pass her road of trials. In Lambert’s novel, the Vet- Initiation Stage eran, Farr attempts to deal with Ameri- When the hero comes to the Special can racism by allowing the African- World, there will be a crucial contrast American to play jazz music. However, with the Ordinary World. The hero will his act is opposed by the trio of military learn various things through several police who suddenly causes Farr to be trials and he/she is assisted by his/her moved to New Guinea (Merlyn, 2009: mentor (Campbell, 1950: 89). The hero 70). While in the movie Transformers, is forced to observe the Special World in Optimus Prime takes a role as a mentor order to adjust his/her new adventur- who trains Sam to increase his bravery ous life. President Snow, once again, put and to get his confidence and faith from Katniss in a challenging situation. He an- earth’s people to support him to fight nounces to hold the Quarter Quell as a with the Decepticons’ invasion (Vindiana message that the uprising is inevitable. & Soelistyo, 2014: 42). Therefore, in Catching Fire, Katniss is guided by “And now we honor our third Quarter Haymitch to face several trials that will Quell….On the seventy-fifth anniversary, influence her self-development. as a reminder to the rebels that even The first trialcomes from the Game- the strongest among them cannot over- makers decision to pass the tributes for come the power of the Capitol, the male their Private Session. As the previous and female tributes will be reaped from Private Session in the 1st series: The Hun- their existing pool of victors.” (Collins, 2009: 79) ger Games, the tributes should show their skills in front of the Gamemakers in In this Quarter Quell, President Snow order to gain a high score and get more revises the rules by choosing the tributes sponsors to help them in the Games. from the existing victors of the Hunger Games. It means that Katniss, the only “Suddenly I know just what I’m going to do. I drag one of the target dummies out living female victor in District 12, should into the middle of the room and using participate in the Quell and Peeta will some chinning bars, hang it so it dangles

by the neck. Then I step away quickly to provides Finnick as Katniss’s ally in or- watch the reaction on the Gamemakers’ der to test her sense of trust. faces as they read the name on the The third trial emerges since dummy. SENECA CRANE.” (Collins, Katniss, Peeta, Finnick, and Mags at- 2009: 108) tempt to run away from the poisonous fog. Katniss, as usual, takes a risk to show a controversial act in order to give a mes- “Maybe it’s my eyes playing tricks, or sage to the Capitol that she is a fighter. If the moonlight, but the fog seems to be in previous Session she shoots her arrow transforming. Yes, it’s becoming thicker, toward the Gamemakers table, now she as if it has pressed up against a glass mocks them by creating a dummy target window and is being forced to con- as the representation of the previous dense. ”(Collins, 2009: 137) Gamemaker, Seneca Crane, who has been executed by the Capitol after his Katniss and her allies struggle to run failure to hold the Hunger Games. As the down the jungle. They work together in result, Katniss gains twelve as her score order to avoid the fog. Katniss grabs and makes a Hunger Games history. She, Peeta, while Finnick totes Mags in his once again, passes her first trial by doing back. Mags sacrifices herself so that a risky action that can threat her life. Finnick can help Katniss to grab Peeta to The second trial begins as well as avoid the fog. In this case, Katniss passes the Quell. Campbell (1950: 89) argues her trial of trust due to the sacrifice of that the hero is unwittingly assisted by Mags to let Finnick assist Katniss to grab the supernatural helper that she meets Peeta to avoid the fog. She believes that when entering the region. In the Arena, they are her truly ally in the Arena. Katniss and Peeta emerge separately. After running away from the fog, Katniss realizes that every territory has “For a moment we’re frozen, sizing each its own “surprise”. She feels frustrated other up, our weapons, our skill. Then because of her incapability to solve the Finnick suddenly grins. ‘Lucky thing puzzle of the Arena. Campbell (1950: we’re allies. Right?’ Haymitch gave it to 103) explained that when the hero feels him. As a signal to me. To trust Finnick.” frustrated and hopeless, the protecting (Collins, 2009, p. 122) figure will come up to aid him/her to continue his/her journey. Katniss meets Katniss’s distrust of her ally, Finnick, in- with the Goddess after her effort to ob- dicates the beginning of the trial of trust. serve the Arena. Wiress is Katniss’ In Cornucopia, Katniss takes the bow Goddess who helps her to learn about and arrows as her weapon and meets the Arena. She provides a clue for Finnick who claims as her ally when he Katniss that the Arena works like a clock. shows a solid gold bangle patterned with flames in his hand. Haymitch covertly “Twelve bongs last night. Like it was assists Katniss to make an alliance with midnight. Then lightning. The sun over- Finnick. Katniss’s distrust toward her head now. Like it’s noon. And lightning. ally is based on her previous experience In the next pie, wedge overcame the that the ally of the Games can be her blood rain, where Joanna, Wiress, and enemy. According to Vogler (2007: 136), Beete were caught. We would have the test can be a continuation of been in the third section, right next to mentor’s training for the hero (Vogler, that, when the fog appeared. Tick, 2007: 136). In this case, Haymitch Tock…. My eyes sweep around the full of circle of the arena and I know she’s

right. ‘Tick, tock. This is a clock. ” cording to Campbell (1950: 159), is the (Collins, 2009: 147) phase when the hero struggles to complete the quest. The hero’s prize of Based on Wiress’ clue, Katniss suggests her success is not the presence of the her allies to make a plan and take re- hero’s life, but the energy, encourage- sponsibility in every plan. However, the ment, or the power that the hero brings next trial comes suddenly after Katniss for changing her society (Campbell, succeeds to solve the puzzle. 1950: 168). In the movie Startrek 2009, The last trial in dicated by the the ultimate boon reveals the Gamemakers’ decision to twist the immortality of humanity through the Cornucopia. Katniss and her allies should revelation of Kirk to save the Earth. resolve the puzzle again. Kirk’s revelation can be symbolized as the end of his journey in the space “Enemy. Enemy. The word is tugging at (Palumbo, 2013: 156). Therefore, the a recent memory. Pulling it into the Ultimate Boonof this novel indicated by present. The look on Haymitch’s face. Katniss’ brave to end the Quarter Quell. ‘Katniss, when you’re in the arena. You She is awakened by Haymitch’s just remember who the enemy is,’ Haymitch says. ‘That’s all.’” (Collins, explanation of the rebellion plan. 2009: 172) “The bird, the pin, the song, the berries, To pass the trial, Katniss should end the the watch, the cracker, the dress that burst into flames. I am the Mockingjay. Quell. Katniss remembers her mentor The one that survived despite the Capi- advice that the real enemy is not the trib- tol’s plans. The symbol of the rebel- utes, but the Capitol and its Gamemakers. lion.”(Collins, 2009: 176) Katniss gains her apotheosis from her mentor’s advice. Campbell (1950: 152) Haymitch explains everything to Katniss. explains that apotheosis phase makes He arranges her alliance with other trib- the hero realize her real purpose of her utes, works together with Plutarch, and Journey. It opens the hero’s mind toward convinces the sponsors to keep provid- her destination. In this case, Katniss ing her with the supplies. She believes realizes that the real enemy is not the that her risky action in the Quell is unex- other tributes, but the Capitol and their pected, additional courage that will in- Game makers. Once again, she decides to crease the uprising in all districts as evi- do a risky decision by wrapping her dence that everyone can fight the power arrow with Beetee’s wire and shoot the of the Capitol. The intelligence and brav- roof of the Arena after the lightning ery of Katniss to end the Quell will be a comes. As a result, she destroys the Are- great Boon that will change the situation na and a Hovercraft comes to bring her in her society. body. Katniss succeeds to pass the last trial by forcing the Gamemakers to end Return Stage the Quell earlier. The trials are ended After completing the quest, the hero and the other tributes who are still alive should be back to her Ordinary World to can be considered as the victors. help her society from the initial problem. After gaining her apotheosisphase, Campbell (1950: 179) explains that the the hero will gain her Ultimate Boon. The hero should turn back to her Ordinary Ultimate Boon is the phase where the World with “her life-transmuting trophy” hero gains the prize of her effort to com- in order to restore her society. Campbell plete the trial. The ultimate boon, ac- (1950: 177) expounded that after the

Copyright © 2019, Atavisme, ISSN 2503-5215 (Online), ISSN 1410-900X (Print) 243 Rohmat Anang Fakhruddin/Atavisme, 22 (2), 2019, 233-245 hero gains her Boon, sometimes, she ous Hunger Games. She learns many life does not want to return home. It can be lessons from her past. caused by the remaining temptation that While in the initiation stage, Katniss holds the hero to bring back the boon. Its does not face Atonement with Father phase is called as Refusal of the Return. due to her maturity to face every prob- Vogler (2007: 224) argued that some- lems based on her previous experience times the writer leaves the subplot in the 74th Hunger Games. She also does dangling. It purposes to attract the read- not face her temptressin the initiation ers to guess the next story. As the Quell is stage, but in the return stage. This paper ended, Katniss does not want to return found that Katniss completely passed home. She swears to protect Peeta until her trials. She used her past experiences the end of the Quell. She needs him to on her previous Hunger Games to finish lead the rebellion against the Capitol. the Quarter Quell. She is assisted by her new teammates to end the Quell. “What I want is to have him back. But I’ll Katniss does not meet her return never get him back now. Even if the stage fully since the story ends with rebel forces could somehow overthrow Katniss’ refusal to return home. It is the Capitol, you can be sure President caused by her unfinished problem to res- Snow’s last act would be to cut Peeta’s cue Peeta from Capitol’s hovercraft. throat.” (Collins, 2009: 177) Therefore, Katniss’ journey in this

novel can be called as the bridge to relate She refuses to return home before they between the first and third novels of The can save Peeta and bring him back to her Hunger Games. It is proved that in this side. The Refusal of the Return ends novel, Katniss develops herself from a Catching Fire series. Katniss does not former victor of Hunger Games to a pass the whole Return stages. It builds a rising symbol of revolution in Panem. clue for the next series to begin the story of Katniss’s another journey. REFERENCES

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