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The Panama Canal Review UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevie1311pana \ HfeWdft CANAL 7 <\ 4> I \ *&>< ct/ai (//a J\ig,ltt'Of- AAJay, Joseph Connor, Press Officer Robert J. Fleming, Jr., Governor-President i^£l. Publications Editors David S. Parker. Lieutenant Governor Robert D. Kerr and Julio E. Briceno Official Panama Canal Publication Frank A. Baldwin Editorial Assistants Published monthly at Balboa Heights, C.Z. Panama Canal Information Officer Eunice Richard, ToBiBnrEL.and TomasA. Cupas Printed at the Printing Plant, Mount Hope, C.Z. Distributed free of charge to all Panama Canal Employees. Subscriptions, $1 a year; mail and back copies, 10 cents each. Postal money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M, Balboa Heights, C.Z. Editorial Offices are located in the Administration Building. Balboa Heights. C.Z. Index Man of Destiny 3 "EI Americano"—Bullfighter 5 Isthmus Industry 6 Pure Water for You 8 Filling a Gap in Education 11 Canal History, Retirements 12 Anniversaries 13 Promotions and Transfers 14 New Director 15 Shipping 16 . cAnd a JSew J^pok EFFECTIVE with this issue, The Panama Canal. Review is being made available to all employees without charge. The step is being taken to help keep all employees ON OUR COVER is a view looking south along a section of the informed on Canal programs, projects, and original right-of-way of the Panama Railroad on the west bank of procedures which affect the employees. the Canal, with a sketch of a locomotive of those days as it would Believing that better understanding today have looked "coming 'round the bend." makes for a better future tomorrow, the In right foreground of the picture are two 44-cubic-yard Canal administration thinks all employees scrapers on approach to a spoil area in the latest project area for should take advantage of this opportu- widening of the Canal channel from 300 to 500 feet. nity to improve their knowledge of the objectives, goals, and activities of the Above is the same view 4 weeks later, by which time the organization and other Canal employees. contractor, Moretti-Harrison, had leveled the hilly jungle terrain The policy of providing retirees with a to the left, removing 607,682 cubic yards of earth and rock. Trees year's free subscription upon retirement in both pictures identify the area as the same. And note the ship will be continued, as will the policy of transiting at left in the above picture. subscriptions being available to non- years before the French Canal Company had started A dozen employees of the Canal organization at operations on the Isthmus (in 1879), the Panama Railroad already $1 per year. had carried more than 400,000 passengers and transported some Happy reading! $750 million in coin and 300,000 sacks of mail. June 7, 1963 HE LIBERATED lands which now are have made the struggle for indepen- attitude that was the most powerful nations of more than 40 million people dence a path to satisfy personal greed. was to alienate some of them from him and more than 2 million square miles. Greatly impressed by the writings of and sow the seeds of disunion already His dreams for a federation of nations Rousseau and Voltaire, he was an elo- clearly apparent by the time of his never materialized, but through the quent spokesman for individual liberty, death. political ferment of more than a century an unyielding foe of slavery and oppres- A poet, soldier, and statesman, Boli- has evolved a Pan-American unity of sion. He freed his own slaves and made var was a warrior, rather than a strate- approach to common problems possibly freeing of all slaves a basic point of gist. It was not until after 1817, when more lastingly effective. Differences in the liberation ideals. He shared an he began to emulate Napoleon, that heritage, geography, topography, and development background might have proven fatal to a federation. He, of course, is Simon Bolivar. In a yy his honor and in tribute to his memory, vhe Jljiberator June 22 is observed as Bolivarian Day. It was on that day in 1826 that the first Pan-American Congress, called together by "The Liberator," met in Panama. regenerative force of the late 18th and battles he directed showed any sub- The historic meeting of American 19th centuries. stantial signs of following studied plans Presidents held in Panama City in 1956 of attack. Meanwhile, however, to the Bolivar felt sincerely that any "elite" probablv had its precedent in the dismay of his foes, he proved himself a Panama Congress of 1826. should be so only on the basis of merit, master of improvising. and had no interest, despite his patri- On the earlier memorable occasion, In the battles for liberation, there was cian background, in perpetuating priv- the young nations of the Western Hemi- a strange paradox. Spain, by giving aid ileges not based on or earned by merit. sphere met for the first time to deliber- to the revolt against England in North This, along with his efforts to prevent ate on matters of common and vital America, had presented to its overseas the nations' leaders from profiting per- interest. In 1956, when the Presidents' colonial subjects in South America the sonally from the independence struggle, meeting brought to the Isthmus 19 spectacle of aiding revolt of foreign heads of American States, inter-Amer- colonies. The United States had won ican relationships were established its independence in 1783. whose full values still remain to be Once called a "powder keg" by a appraised from the perspective of tutor, in his youth, Bolivar is said to history. have retorted, "Be careful, don't come near me. I might explode." When he Bolivar liberated the territories now leader of the liberation, making up Venezuela, Colombia, Ecua- did explode, as 3 centuries of Spanish rule were ended. dor, Peru, and Bolivia. He broke the Bolivar himself declared his heart Spanish power in South America and for liberty and justice." served as ruler of Venezuela, Colombia, was "moulded Destiny played a part, however, by and Ecuador and dictator of Peru— all putting a man such as he in the right before his death in 1830 at the age taking of 47. place at the right time, and by his wife from him by death. There has His greatest battles each liberated a been speculation that if he had not country. The course of military cam- this early loss, his tempestuous paigns for independence of these lands suffered led his legions over a route of about strengths might have been calmed into 3,000 miles. a quiet life concentrated on home, wife, family. Born to the upper class, Bolivar had and only contempt for those who would In the coronation of Napoleon, Boli- var had visions of authoritarian rule for himself, directed first of all at unifica- tion, although dreams of personal fame "Hotv beautiful it would be if the Isthmus of Panama were for us like that could not help but play a subordinate of Corinth was to the Greeks. I hope role. Once respected and admired by that some day we have the good fortune Bolivar, in later years Napoleon was to of holding there an august Congress by become to him a "dishonest tyrant." representatives of the Republics, King- In Rome, in 1805, surrounded by doms, in order and Empires to discuss reminders of mythical and historic the interests peace and war with the of heroes, great men who made Rome nations of the other three parts of great, Bolivar took a solemn vow on the world." Monte Sacro that he would liberate his (This, from his Letter from Jamaica, in country. 1815, is the inscription at the base of the Bolivar statue in the plaza in Panama City Wars for the liberation were to span that bears his name. It is located at Fourth 14 years and include setbacks with Street and Avenue B, in front of the old which military or political astuteness San Francisco Church and near the earthquake in National Theatre.) could not cope. A severe The Panama Canal Review 1812, 2 years after the patriots had over- and then build canals connecting the ulous, torn as he was between divided thrown the Spanish regime in Vene- Atlantic and Pacific. loyalties, conflicting courses of action, and discouragements over uprisings, if zuela, was regarded by many of the As early as 1819, rivalries between he always had been above reproach. superstitious as a judgment of God Venezuela and New Granada, trifling in Potosi, in was to become against the First Republic. It was nature at the time, pointed to future At what exploited in favor of the Spanish cause danger zones. As distrustful of the Bolivia, he declared: and marked the start of the physical "gentle philosophers of Colombia" as of "In 15 years of continuous and ter- of the Republic. and moral collapse the wildest of his fighters, Bolivar rific strife, we have destroyed the edifice Bolivar's real greatness in his early declared they wanted to create repub- that tyranny erected during 3 centuries years lay in the fact that each defeat— lics like the Greek, the Roman, or the of usurpation and uninterrupted vi- and there were many—found him ready North American (all with different olence," and he said of the rich silver to re-examine his ideas, confess mis- backgrounds), and asserted that they veins which were Spain's treasury for takes, and begin the hazardous course "build a Greek structure on a Gothic 300 years, "this material wealth is as it at the all over again.
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