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ct/ai (//a J\ig,ltt'Of- AAJay, Joseph Connor, Press Officer Robert J. Fleming, Jr., Governor-President i^£l. Publications Editors David S. Parker. Lieutenant Governor Robert D. Kerr and Julio E. Briceno Official Panama Canal Publication Frank A. Baldwin Editorial Assistants Published monthly at Balboa Heights, C.Z. Panama Canal Information Officer Eunice Richard, ToBiBnrEL.and TomasA. Cupas Printed at the Printing Plant, Mount Hope, C.Z.
Distributed free of charge to all Panama Canal Employees. Subscriptions, $1 a year; mail and back copies, 10 cents each. Postal money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M, Balboa Heights, C.Z. Editorial Offices are located in the Administration Building. Balboa Heights. C.Z.
Index
Man of Destiny 3
"EI Americano"—Bullfighter 5
Isthmus Industry 6
Pure Water for You 8
Filling a Gap in Education 11
Canal History, Retirements 12
Anniversaries 13
Promotions and Transfers 14
New Director 15
Shipping 16
. . . cAnd a JSew J^pok EFFECTIVE with this issue, The Panama Canal. Review is being made available to
all employees without charge. The step is being taken to help keep all employees ON OUR COVER is a view looking south along a section of the informed on Canal programs, projects, and original right-of-way of the Panama Railroad on the west bank of procedures which affect the employees. the Canal, with a sketch of a locomotive of those days as it would Believing that better understanding today have looked "coming 'round the bend." makes for a better future tomorrow, the In right foreground of the picture are two 44-cubic-yard Canal administration thinks all employees scrapers on approach to a spoil area in the latest project area for should take advantage of this opportu- widening of the Canal channel from 300 to 500 feet. nity to improve their knowledge of the objectives, goals, and activities of the Above is the same view 4 weeks later, by which time the organization and other Canal employees. contractor, Moretti-Harrison, had leveled the hilly jungle terrain The policy of providing retirees with a to the left, removing 607,682 cubic yards of earth and rock. Trees year's free subscription upon retirement in both pictures identify the area as the same. And note the ship will be continued, as will the policy of transiting at left in the above picture. subscriptions being available to non- years before the French Canal Company had started A dozen employees of the Canal organization at operations on the Isthmus (in 1879), the Panama Railroad already $1 per year. had carried more than 400,000 passengers and transported some Happy reading! $750 million in coin and 300,000 sacks of mail.
June 7, 1963 HE LIBERATED lands which now are have made the struggle for indepen- attitude that was the most powerful nations of more than 40 million people dence a path to satisfy personal greed. was to alienate some of them from him and more than 2 million square miles. Greatly impressed by the writings of and sow the seeds of disunion already His dreams for a federation of nations Rousseau and Voltaire, he was an elo- clearly apparent by the time of his never materialized, but through the quent spokesman for individual liberty, death. political ferment of more than a century an unyielding foe of slavery and oppres- A poet, soldier, and statesman, Boli- has evolved a Pan-American unity of sion. He freed his own slaves and made var was a warrior, rather than a strate- approach to common problems possibly freeing of all slaves a basic point of gist. It was not until after 1817, when more lastingly effective. Differences in the liberation ideals. He shared an he began to emulate Napoleon, that heritage, geography, topography, and development background might have proven fatal to a federation. He, of course, is Simon Bolivar. In a yy his honor and in tribute to his memory, vhe Jljiberator June 22 is observed as Bolivarian Day. It was on that day in 1826 that the first Pan-American Congress, called together by "The Liberator," met in Panama. regenerative force of the late 18th and battles he directed showed any sub- The historic meeting of American 19th centuries. stantial signs of following studied plans Presidents held in Panama City in 1956 of attack. Meanwhile, however, to the Bolivar felt sincerely that any "elite" probablv had its precedent in the dismay of his foes, he proved himself a Panama Congress of 1826. should be so only on the basis of merit, master of improvising. and had no interest, despite his patri- On the earlier memorable occasion, In the battles for liberation, there was cian background, in perpetuating priv- the young nations of the Western Hemi- a strange paradox. Spain, by giving aid ileges not based on or earned by merit. sphere met for the first time to deliber- to the revolt against England in North This, along with his efforts to prevent ate on matters of common and vital America, had presented to its overseas the nations' leaders from profiting per- interest. In 1956, when the Presidents' colonial subjects in South America the sonally from the independence struggle, meeting brought to the Isthmus 19 spectacle of aiding revolt of foreign heads of American States, inter-Amer- colonies. The United States had won ican relationships were established its independence in 1783. whose full values still remain to be Once called a "powder keg" by a appraised from the perspective of tutor, in his youth, Bolivar is said to history. have retorted, "Be careful, don't come near me. I might explode." When he Bolivar liberated the territories now leader of the liberation, making up Venezuela, Colombia, Ecua- did explode, as 3 centuries of Spanish rule were ended. dor, Peru, and Bolivia. He broke the Bolivar himself declared his heart Spanish power in South America and for liberty and justice." served as ruler of Venezuela, Colombia, was "moulded Destiny played a part, however, by and Ecuador and dictator of Peru— all putting a man such as he in the right before his death in 1830 at the age taking of 47. place at the right time, and by his wife from him by death. There has His greatest battles each liberated a been speculation that if he had not country. The course of military cam- this early loss, his tempestuous paigns for independence of these lands suffered led his legions over a route of about strengths might have been calmed into 3,000 miles. a quiet life concentrated on home, wife, family. Born to the upper class, Bolivar had and only contempt for those who would In the coronation of Napoleon, Boli- var had visions of authoritarian rule for himself, directed first of all at unifica- tion, although dreams of personal fame "Hotv beautiful it would be if the Isthmus of Panama were for us like that could not help but play a subordinate of Corinth was to the Greeks. I hope role. Once respected and admired by that some day we have the good fortune Bolivar, in later years Napoleon was to of holding there an august Congress by become to him a "dishonest tyrant." representatives of the Republics, King- In Rome, in 1805, surrounded by doms, in order and Empires to discuss reminders of mythical and historic the interests peace and war with the of heroes, great men who made Rome nations of the other three parts of great, Bolivar took a solemn vow on the world." Monte Sacro that he would liberate his (This, from his Letter from Jamaica, in country. 1815, is the inscription at the base of the Bolivar statue in the plaza in Panama City Wars for the liberation were to span that bears his name. It is located at Fourth 14 years and include setbacks with Street and Avenue B, in front of the old which military or political astuteness San Francisco Church and near the earthquake in National Theatre.) could not cope. A severe
The Panama Canal Review 1812, 2 years after the patriots had over- and then build canals connecting the ulous, torn as he was between divided thrown the Spanish regime in Vene- Atlantic and Pacific. loyalties, conflicting courses of action, and discouragements over uprisings, if zuela, was regarded by many of the As early as 1819, rivalries between he always had been above reproach. superstitious as a judgment of God Venezuela and New Granada, trifling in Potosi, in was to become against the First Republic. It was nature at the time, pointed to future At what exploited in favor of the Spanish cause danger zones. As distrustful of the Bolivia, he declared: and marked the start of the physical "gentle philosophers of Colombia" as of "In 15 years of continuous and ter- of the Republic. and moral collapse the wildest of his fighters, Bolivar rific strife, we have destroyed the edifice Bolivar's real greatness in his early declared they wanted to create repub- that tyranny erected during 3 centuries years lay in the fact that each defeat— lics like the Greek, the Roman, or the of usurpation and uninterrupted vi- and there were many—found him ready North American (all with different olence," and he said of the rich silver to re-examine his ideas, confess mis- backgrounds), and asserted that they veins which were Spain's treasury for takes, and begin the hazardous course "build a Greek structure on a Gothic 300 years, "this material wealth is as it at the all over again. He had personal magne- foundation, and they build nothing compared with bearing the ." tism evident in his pen as well as in his edge of a volcano." ensign of freedom . . spoken words, to such an extent that he Bolivar early chose Panama as the His eloquence veiled only thinly a was a liberator of thoughts and ideas as haven for South American federation, dual purpose: manifestation of the well as of nations. and events came to the aid of the unity of the people for its effect on His leadership qualities for many patriots. On November 28, 1821, a South America as well as on the outside years kept top officers and troops faith- representative council met, declared world. ful in spite of understandable distaste Bolivar sought voluntary union, for more battles on searing coastal rather than the type imposed by the plains, in the humid jungle heat of Holy Alliance in Europe on small and river valleys, and on the crests of the defenseless nations. The Congress of towering Andes. Panama was a failure, admittedly,
because it did not achieve its main Bolivar sought not only to liberate, objective of a union of nations. Its im- but to instill in the masses a na- portance lay in the fact that it was tional conscience and consciousness. He conceived well over a century ago and wished for power and glory to serve the that there was a definite attempt. ideals to which he had dedicated his geography, race, na- life. In his striving toward these goals, Barriers of and in his early years at war, he was a tional prejudices separated the new gambler while learning strategy, lurch- states. The transition from dependent as rapidly ing into headlong sallies rather than colonies could not be made "military" campaign moves. The fact as Bolivar hoped. In the face of internal that there were no static fronts often troubles, in a proclamation to the people was his salvation in his gambles. of Guayaquil urging them to remain loyal to Greater Colombia, he urged, The fire of his personality pierced "You are not the ones responsible. The indifferences of those who were his medallion issued for the The memorial people can never be responsible. The associates and several times brought historic meeting of 19 heads of American nations in Panama in 1956. pernicious and erroneous ideas come him back from exile (at least once from the leaders; it is they who bring self-exile) because he couldn't stand about the public calamities." inactivity. In a moment of despair, Bolivar unity as necessary to Bolivar viewed Panama independent, and stated its pleaded, "I am not God that I can stability of liberty, and was convinced desire to unite with Colombia. The change men and matters," and later, republics could not exist side by side Republic of Colombia thus gained an "The influence of civilization gives our with states which were the colonial eighth department, and a strategic one, people indigestion, so that what should of possessions monarchies. This was without force of arms. nourish us, ruins us." one conviction which led to his cer- In later years, petty rivalries among Public opinion at times interpreted tainty that there must be a federation subordinate leaders, and betrayals by Bolivar's leniency with conspirators as of freed nations. them because of their greed for power weakness. It could, with at least equal virtual . A continent, not a country, was the or gain, led to anarchy. Flat validity, be interpreted as sacrificing a field of his thinking, his visions, his disobedience by some left Bolivar and desire for revenge and to be rid of leadership. One historian observed, "In his forces isolated many times. In spite enemies to the greater goal of pre- 1815, while (South) America was still of these and other trials, however, he serving the Colombian Republic, which under Spanish domination, Bolivar was hoisted the "flag of resurrection, not was threatened with disintegration. if of his judg- not only prophesying the immediate insurrection," and some To the day of his untimely death, conflicts, but he envisioned a century's ments and decisions of later years were hastened by the hardships and sacrifices development of 10 nations." subject to criticism, his goal was not. of warfare over many years, and re- In attempting to lure the British to Genius that he was, he was not with- peated forced compromises between support the patriots' campaigns, he had out human and humanizing frailties. vision and practicality, Simon Bolivar proposed that Britain should get the Some were to work against his stature bore the marks of destiny in lands of provinces of Panama and Nicaragua— and aims, but it would have been mirac- destiny.
June 7, 1963 1
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- m "El Natural"—the bullfighter passes the red cloth in front of the bull. The cloth is hung I M from a heavy stick. In his right hand, the bullfighter holds a weighty sword.
Robert Lopez, "El Americano," was spent March and April in Mexico, where front of the bull's body. Then comes awarded an ear when he appeared in a he scored a triumph at Jungapeo, and the work of the picador, who places the bullfight in Mexico. then toured the Provinces, where five lances designed to release the strength fights were scheduled. in the bull's neck muscles. The bande- a 1 He received only $20 to $30 a bull- rillas can be placed by the matador El Americano fight. Top bullfighters, he said, receive himself, or his assistants. Robert prefers from 80,000 to 100,000 pesos which, not to do this. Then comes the fina de at 12.50 to the dollar, is a goodly muleta, with the bullfighter using a red "OLE!" shouted with spirit may never amount, but not yet a princely sum con- cloth suspended from a heavy stick to reverberate from the staid Balboa Post sidering the risk to the man involved. fight and tire the bull until it is ready Office walls. Nor may a bull ever come As in most fields, competition in for the kill. charging through the doors. But an Mexico is keen. Right now, in Mexico Legs in good shape, fast reflexes, and honest-to-goodness bullfighter DOES City, he says there are about 1,000 strong arms and legs are requisites for work there. bullfighters. a bullfighter. The bullfighter is Canal Zone-born Aside from the danger—and he "Scared?" "Certainly. Manolete ad- Robert Lopez, known in bullfight circles mitted he was scared, and now bull- as "El Americano." He also is known as admit truth," "el novillero norteamericano," which He Takes Turns fighters aren't afraid to the means that while he is recognized as a he says. professional bullfighter, he is not yet a Bullfighters belong to a union, too. full matador. The matador title comes pointed out that a fighting bull is faster His is La Union de Matadores y when a novillero has built up his name. than a race horse for the first 100-feet Novilleros.
Robert Lopez is a second generation and more maneuverable than a polo In fact, says Robert Lopez, everyone there are involved. Panama Canal employee, his father pony— expenses connected with the bullfight ring in Topping all others is the cost of the being a former Motor Transportation Mexico belongs to some union or other. Division employee, now retired. Robert bullfighter's outfit, heavily hand em- He hopes to be able to appear in the is a graduate of Balboa High School, boidered with gold and silver threads. Panama City bullfight ring, and in the class of 1956, and spent 4 years in the The price starts at $300 and goes up. meantime continues practicing. Air Force. Robert purchased his second-hand, but He started taking bullfighting lessons in good shape, for one-third that price. while a sophomore, and continued He explained traditional phases of a bullfight, with the cape work or through his junior and senior years. starting In Bull Ring Every day, after school, he'd go to the veronicas—the passing of the cape in Macarena bullfight ring in Panama City for a bullfighting lesson from a Spanish Another view of "El Natural" as the bull swings into action. gypsy, Gitanillo Salomon Vargas.
First he had to learn all the passes. Then came the beginning of actual work with small bull calves. * A high point in his career came last April, when he appeared in a Mexican bullfight ring and was awarded an ear. He has appeared in bullfights in the interior of Panama this year, first in Anton in January, and then in Ocii in February. In an encounter with a bull at the Ocii Fair he was gored. Six stitches were required to close the wound. But a mere goring didn't deter Robert, the Canal Zone bullfighter. He
The Panama Canal Review 5 The company This is the Cemento Panama plant at Quebrancha, about 2V2 miles east of Buena Vista on the Trans-Isthmian Highway. has added three kilns (upper left) and several silos (right) where the finished product is stored. The two buildings in the foreground house plants for making Fibrolit and Panalit.
Isthmus Industry: cemerno PArmmfi
An example of the clean-lined architecture possible with modern concrete design. Horizontal planes for shade create shadow patterns which change hourly as angles of the sun's rays change, and provide protection from rains without making it necessary to close windows except when winds are high. Porch floors, ceilings and other overhangs serve as sun breakers.
These filters are used to help dry the cement in its pasty stage as it is being processed. They remove humidity to speed up the drying and cooking process of the half-finished product as it goes to the kiln.
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14U BUILDINGS designed primarily for the tropics and other warm climates have been spreading rapidly in recent years into even the colder areas of the temperate zones with increasing use of concrete for industrial and commercial buildings and homes. Adaptability of concrete, concrete block, and allied products to varied designs, and relatively maintenance- free construction, have been important factors in Cemento Panama becoming one of the Republic's largest suppliers in Panama's biggest industry: con- struction. The Republic's construc- tion industry dollar volume has totaled approximately $150 million during the past 15 years. Cemento Panama has had a direct and forceful impact on the Republic's economic health, adding more than $34 million to the nation's economy
since it came on the industrial scene. The firm was founded July 1, 1943, Dramatic domes such as these, and other geometric patterns, are meeting increasing favor first out and the bags of cement came for homes, commercial and industrial buildings, with varied exterior designs leading to of the plant in 1945. Since then it has novel and fresh approaches to interior design and decoration. sold 28 million bags of cement in Panama and exported 6Y2 million. The company's annual payroll now is ture of the pordand type of cement, it tions for various types, and the firm also approximately $750,000. should not have to be imported into can manufacture high quality special Its beginnings were beset by many the country. types of cement to meet special problems, not the least of them that of requirements. High quality of the cement produced getting enough capital together. This Panalit, a plant for manufac- by the company has been attested by In 1961, was solved by the late ex-President of American Standard Testing Materials, ture of asbestos cement, was started. the Republic Augusto S. Boyd, whose the Society of Engineers and Archi- It produces roofing and ceiling materials son, Augusto S. (Sammy) Boyd, now structural divisions. tects, the University of Panama, and and ornamental is president of the board of directors the Panama Canal. It regularly has A new kiln placed in operation late of Cemento Panama. Another hurdle tested well above minimum specifica- (See p. 15) for the infant company was obtaining machinery, for in those years of World War II, needs of the far-flung military deposits it in separate storage efforts took top priority. Calcified stone is graded with the help of a crane, which pits and bins. The idea of founding Cemento Panama came from former President of the Republic Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia, who felt that since Panama had the natural resources for manufac-
Augusto S. Boyd President, Board of Directors Cemento Panama
mull
Spraying or aeration of the water removes most of the tastes and odors from dissolved gases, replacing them with oxygen, eliminating the flat taste. Purified water is pumped to reservoirs such as those at right in the picture above. Part of Panama City is visible at left. There are 14 reservoir sites on the Pacific side. Three of these sites having seven reservoirs are the source of water for Panama City. Republic of Panama consumers now take 74 percent of the Canal Zone purified water production.
PURE "IS THE DRINKING water safe?" cities, Panama and Colon, and their Illlfl This is one of the questions asked most suburbs. frequently by first-time visitors to the The water distribution system has im- Isthmus. proved health, immeasurably strength- "Of course it's safe," is the invariable ened fire defenses, and brought many reply. "You may drink the water in the other benefits to the Isthmus, including heil&fliiadinBE WATER Canal Zone and neighboring Panama elimination of such tropical banes as City and Colon without fear." .vater-borne typhoid, cholera, and Casualness of the reply—and the fact dysentery. that the same reply can't be given in In the lifetimes of many who read many countries—emphasizes one of the this, water had to be stored in cisterns tremendous benefits to Panama from in Panama City and Colon. Often it For the Canal the Canal. to brought distance Zone and Panama had be from some The water purification plants and and purchased, because of scarcity of distribution systems installed at each good wells and springs, especially end of the Canal by the United States during the dry season. Robert Malone, water system control man, at the start of its 1904 construction The United' States spent $10,600,000 with a model of the sand filter beds. Water effort are responsible for one of the during Canal construction days to enters from the settling basins on the top YOU finest, safest water systems in this part install a then modern water system of a 30-inch layer of graded Chame sand, of the hemisphere. designed to take care of forseeable which is supported by graded rock. Any remaining impurities are strained out as The benefits are enjoyed not only by future needs. At the time, Panama City After alum is mixed with the water, it passes through these settling basins. Color, turbidity, the water passes through the sand. the bacteria, and other impurities attach themselves to the sticky, gelatinous particles formed Canal Zone community, but also by had a population estimated at 18,000, by the alum. Most of these particles settle to the bottom of the tanks. residents in the Republic's two biggest and Colon's was 5,000. Today, the
The 20 filter beds shown here are the final mechanical step in purification of the water, removing the last of the foreign matter and discharging pure water into a well beneath the plant. At right, At left, Arcadio Matamoros, Henry Tooke, laboratory Miraflores water attendant, prepares plant superintendent, samples for tests checks one of the of the water. Tests gages which are made as the regulates the rate of water enters introduction of the plant, as it passes alum into the through the water. Identical treatment processes, equipment is used and on samples to regulate the flow taken from of fluoride, added various points in to all water leaving the distribution the plant, which system. Chemical, reduces dental physical, decay in children's and bacteriological teeth. tests are made. An aerial view of the Miraflores water plant. The aeration spray is visible at right, the set- tling basins are the center pools, and filter beds are in the building at left.
population of burgeoning Panama and year let the contract for laying 14,000 announced that expansion of the system its environs is above 300,000, and that feet of 12-inch pipe to deliver fresh, is to be completed in 1967. of Colon and its suburbs is in the purified water to the now small Atlantic- A few figures illustrate the increase neighborhood of 70,000. side communities of Cativa, Puerto in Panama's use of water purified in Naturally, the original distribution Pilon, Sabanitas, and Villa Lomar in the Canal Zone: In 1934, 34 percent system did not prove adequate to serve the suburban area of Colon Province. of the water production went to the modern Panama City. The Canal has The pipe will carry as much as lVi Republic. In 1952 the proportion was improved and expanded the system million gallons of purified water daily 50-50, and in 1962 Panama took 72 within the Zone at considerable expense, from the Mount Hope purification plant percent of the water. For the first solely to meet Panama City's soaring and pumped at 130 pounds pressure 9 months of the 1963 fiscal year, the needs, which have tripled in the past to a point on the border designated by figure was 74 percent. 20 years. Panama. Low bidder on the project In terms of gallons, Panama City In recent years, the Panama Canal was a Panama contractor, High & used 2,433 million gallons in 1942, organization has spent more than $1 Weatherly, with the firm to be paid 4,337 million in 1952, and 7,367 million million on major projects primarily to $110,658 to lay the pipe. in 1962. provide for Panama's increased con- Total capital investment in the Canal Water from the Miraflores purifica- sumption of purified water. A major water system, including facilities solely tion plant on the Pacific side is pumped project was $700,000 in 1962 for a for Panama consumption, will amount to Panama City via seven reservoirs at 30-inch water main from the Mira- to $15 million with completion of work three sites—Chorrillo Hill, Ancon High flores filtration plant to the Los Rios under contract. This does not include Service, and Engineer's Hill. Colon's pump station to meet the increasing any part of the cost of Gatun Dam water is purified at the Mount Hope demand of Panama City and its which assists by conveniently forming filtration plant and pumped through the suburbs. a large reservoir from which the raw Mount Hope reservoir. Other recent major expenditures for water can be drawn. To operate the complex water purifi- the benefit of Panama include $200,000 Present capacity of the Miraflores cation and distribution system, the for a 16-inch line from the Engineer's plant for delivering purified water is Panama Canal organization employed Hill reservoir to the Panama boundary. 36 million gallons dailv. The Mount 110 persons last year. Cost of operating A pump station also was added at Los Hope plant's capacity is 15 million the water system includes salaries, Rios and a 16-inch line extended from gallons daily. chemicals, laboratory analysis, opera- Ancon high service reservoir to the In February this year, a $6 million tion and maintenance of purification Frangipani Street border crossing. Alliance for Progress loan to expand plants, pumping stations, pipelines, Another $72,000 was spent to increase Panama City's water facilities was intakes, and reservoirs. facilities at the Miraflores purification formalized between President Roberto Technically, Panama pays nothing plant. F. Chiari and U.S. Ambassador Joseph for the raw water from the Chagres. At the request of the Panama Govern- Farland. At the time of the formal The charge to the Republic is for purifi- ment, the Canal organization early this signing of the documents, it was (See p. 15)
Between 3,800 and 5,500 pounds of alum are required daily. Lump A 30-inch main to meet increasing demands of Panama City and alum in these sacks is dissolved in concrete tanks and put into the its suburbs. water as a liquid solution. ^J^V In Education:
BRIDGING A GAP
Busy fingers fly as Sheltered Workshop group works on a variety of projects.
CALABASH AND woven twine hand- Approximately 192 children this year Clay and Panama polished stones bags, drawn burlap barbecue table- received instruction under the special are turned into pendants by the girls, plaster is combined with seashells cloths, block printed Indianhead table education program for the orthope- and for favors, paperweights, and candle mats, plaster and shell favors or paper- dically and mentally handicapped. Ages holders. weights, and clay flower holders, of pupils range from 6 to 21 years. The girls used a Thatcher Ferry arranged in the display cases at the This past year, four afternoons a Bridge motif for some of their block Civil Affairs Building, Ancon, last week, five girls have participated in the printed materials. Lowly burlap was month attracted visitors' immediate "Sheltered Workshop" program, meet- transformed by drawn-work into an attention. instruction at the old Diablo ing for attractive barbecue cloth, and plain for a this work- Nearly everyone stopped Post Office building where dish towels were perked up with color- the closer look at the handicrafts, which shop, the only one of its kind on ful embroidery, as fingers were trained were labelled "Products of Sheltered Isthmus, is located. Two of the girls to increased skill. of the Canal Zone Special students, members of the Workshop are charter The Sheltered Workshop is self- Education Program." first class taught in the "Sheltered sustaining through the sale of the Workshop." year's sale In June the Sheltered Workshop, workers' products. This was Elementary under the Canal Zone Special Educa- Seated at a long table, the girls are held at the Fort Clayton project. Librarv Room and was a sell-out, as tion Program, will complete its fouth each engaged in a separate One it has been in past years. Demand for year of occupational therapy service may be embroidering a dish towel, Sheltered Workshop articles has ex- for young people who have reached another doing drawn work on a table- ceeded the supply, right from the start their capacity of academic under- cloth, others working on melted crayon 4 years ago. standing in the Canal Zone Special drawings, or with raffia-type materials. Profits from the sales of handicraft Education Program. Graduated to the Native materials are used as much items become commissions to the Sheltered Workshop, they are taught as possible. For instance, Panama cala- workers, according to points for accom- manual skills and occupational work supplied the father of one bashes, by plishment they have earned during habits so they may be better equipped pupils from a finca in the interior of the the year. Profits also are invested in to between formal bridge the gap of Panama, are the base of unusual more materials for projects during the schooling and simple jobs. handbags turned out by the class. following school year. The occupational therapy teacher is The calabash handbag's construction Making change, and budgeting Mrs. Jean A. Karch of the Canal Zone is as unusual as the material used. First, money, is a weekly drill period for those Division of Schools and her "Sheltered part of the calabash is removed, then attending the Workshop. And the pupils Workshop" is part of the Canal Zone holes are drilled and woven hemp there are learning skills that will help schools' special education program. attached. them hold jobs and earn in the future.
The Panama Canal Review 11 CANAL HISTORY retirements
50 yearJ cAgo 10 y[eard cAgo
MORE THAN 99 percent of the entire THE FIRST town organization to be quantity of concrete to be placed in established for Civil Defense among the locks had been laid at the close of the civilian communities in the Canal work on May 10, it was announced, Zone was accomplished at a meeting in the amount in place being 4,449,373 the Santa Cruz Clubhouse. cubic yards. A heavy spilling of water over At Portobelo on May 14-15, 10.65 Madden Dam was continued for 2 days inches of rain fell during a 24-hour to lower the Lake level about 12 feet period. This 24-hour record had been to permit some overhaul work on the exceeded only once during the period drum gates at Madden Dam. The of records. The record rain, also at amount of water released raised Gatun Portobelo, was 10.86 inches of rain in Lake level more than a foot and brought 24 hours December 28-29, 1909. a rise in the Chagres River of about The east end of the dike separating 10 feet for some distance below the ocean channel from the only section Madden Dam. at the Pacific end of the Canal remain- Wind velocity in gusts up to 35 miles ing to be dredged was dynamited an hour was recorded May 26 when the May 18. The blast, one of the largest Pacific side was struck by a damaging ever shot off in connection with Canal storm. Small craft were blown from work, consisted of 32,750 pounds of their moorings or dragging anchor and 60 percent dynamite, planted in 120 Thatcher Ferry service was suspended holes, some of them drilled to a depth for several hours. of 70 feet.
One year c4g,o 25 yearJ c4go A NEW REGULATION becoming TWO SENATORS urged establishment effective carries a fine of not more than of a U.S. Government radio station to $100 or a sentence of 30 days in jail, counteract broadcasts of propaganda or both, for littering any Zone highway from Germany and Italy beamed to or street. Latin America. A 70-foot steel beam became the con- Site preparation and foundation work necting link joining the two sections of was started for the new $34,000 Ancon Thatcher Ferry Bridge when it was Sub-Police Station, to be erected at placed in position and bolted into the junction of Ancon Boulevard and place temporarily May 16 while tugs Portobelo Street. tooted and Canal and bridge workmen The U.S. House of Representatives cheered. was reminded by a California legislator The Marine Bureau's two new 53- that there had been no denial of charges foot launches, the U.S. Ray and U.S. that German and Japanese agents were Sailfish, arrived in Cristobal after a active in the Canal Zone and Central 1,100-mile voyage across the open and South America. Caribbean from Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
i—ACCIDENTS- FOR THIS MONTH AulET"k AND FIRST AID! hospital! ^ZONE^ THIS YEAR
APRIL CASES
•63 '62 ALL UNITS 225 208 YEAR TO DATE 996(36) 917 ANNIVERSARIES (On the basis of total Federal Service)
ENGINEERING AND OFFICE OF THE CONSTRUCTION BUREAU COMPTROLLER
Arthur F. Jones Howard E. Turner Mate, Dipper Dredge Digital Computer Systems alyst Raimundo R leanbtA. Connor Oiler (Flo; ousting Technician Clintrfc EVGeorge MARINE B Accojin^ng Clerk
William A. Kirton D COMMUNITY Maintenanceman ICE BUREAU Felix Villain ;rt/l. Adams Helper Loc ervisory Storage Officer
CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU Patricio Blackman Charles A. Davidson Cemetery Worker George Coleman Supervisory Clerk W. John Francis Thomas A. Brathwaite Fire Sergeant Laborer Cleaner Stabler Helper Lock Operator Joe Jose Inez Garcia Fire Sergeant Harold S. Gaskin Laborer Hicks Mack B. Helper Lock Operator Doris Goldson Police Private Horace L. Morgan Utility Worker Lilybel Kariger Helper Lock Operator Florencio Gomez Recreation Specialist (Sports) Laborer Eric G. Weekes Antonio N. Lewis ENGINEERING AND Helper Lock Operator Stockman CONSTRUCTION BUREAU Rupert Wynter Feliciano Marin Howard E. Munro Helper Lock Operator Utility Worker Chief, Power Systems C. A. Licorish Otilia Perez Dispatcher, Balboa Seaman Sales Clerk Substation Angel G. Morales Angel Manuel Rauda Leslie D. Wood Oiler Grounds Maintenance Lead Foreman (Marine Equipment Operator Sidney Morris Electrical) Carmen A. Richards Dispatcher Edward O. Pike Launch Sales Clerk Leverman, Pipeline Marcos T. Ordonez Fitz R. Scantlebury Dredge aintenanceman. Lead Foreman (Grounds) Alcides Asprilla ire CabL Victor M. Vega Leader Seaman harp* Utility Worker Ricardo A. Gonzalez n Violet Williams Maintenanceman N Sales Clerk Agustin Santana Priscilla Yard Seaman ch W Sales Clerk HEALTH BUREAU khand TRANSPORTATION AND Alfred R. Graham ro M. TERMINALS BUREAU Staff Nurse (Medicine and ch Frederick Wainio Surgery) J. Melinda Brown Administrative Services Officer Nursing Assistant (Psychiatry) OFFICE OF THE Phoebe De Costa COMPTROLLER Arthur E. Critchlow Nursing Assistant (Medicine Leader Carpenter Iris V. Walters and Surgery) Frank Gittens Toribio Dominguez Card Punch Operator Helper Carman (Wood Hospital Food Service and Steel) Worker SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY Frederick A. Lawrence Truck Driver Alfredo W. Vilches SERVICE BUREAU File Clerk Leon D. McNally Felicia Worrell Erwin F. Ramsey Helper Liquid Fuels Nursing Assistant (Medicine Leader Engineman (Hoisting Wharfman and Surgery) and Portable) Granville R. Moore Automotive Mechanic Marcos A. Argiielles MARINE BUREAU F. Romero Guard Juan Gilbert F. Lee Linehandler Beryl Elaine Carson Towing Locomotive Operator Ithran T. Stewart W. W. Richardson Stock Control Clerk Cargo Checker Leader Lock Operator Walter A. Clarke Antonio F. Vivies (Iron-Worker Welder) Warehouseman Stevedore
The Panama Canal Review 13 :
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS
EMPLOYEES promoted or transferred HEALTH BUREAU Locks Division between April 5 5 (within- and May Division of Preventive Medicine and William M. Johnson, Eduardo Mufioz, grade promotions and job reclassifica- Quarantine Nathaniel F. Whitfield, Painter (Main- tenance) to Painter. tions are not listed) Elizabeth M. Kosan, Staff Nurse (Medicine Alfredo Coco, Lawrence D. Duncan, and Surgery), Gorgas Hospital, to Public PANAMA CANAL INFORMATION Helper Lock Operator to Oiler. Health Nurse. Clarence A. Lambert, Linehandler to OFFICE Theophilus C. Omeaire, Carpenter, Main- Timekeeper. Francisco C. Azcarraga, Canal Zone Guide tenance Division, to Laborer (Cleaner). Antonio Burgos, Adolfo Cruz, Linehandler to Canal Zone Guide (Interpreter), Canal to Helper Lock Operator. Gorgas Hospital Zone Guide Service. Jimmy R. Givens, Administrative Services SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY CTVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU Assistant, Office of the Director, to SERVICE BUREAU Accountant. Joseph B. Clemmons, Jr., Administrative Supply Division Sara S. Keegan, Accounts Officer (Assistant to Givil Affairs Direc- Maintenance Clerk to Voucher Examiner. Raymond P. Laverty, Jr., Merchandise tor) to Administrative Officer, (Assistant Management Officer Miriam A. Wall, Staff Nurse to Staff Nurse (Housewares) to Director, Civil Affairs Bureau). (Pediatrics). General Supply Officer. Frances D. Jones, Clerk-Typist to Clerical Cleveland Roberts, Storekeeping Clerk Martha C. Hester, Staff Nurse to Staff to Restaurant Manager. Assistant (Stenography), Police Division. Nurse (Medicine and Surgery). Oswald A. Ebanks, Cook to Leader Cook. Rupert E. Ifill, Guard, Industrial Division, Isaac O. Edwards, Nursing Assistant (Med- Jorge A. Hinds, Sales Checker to Guest to Distribution Clerk, Substitute, Postal icine and Surgery) to Nursing Assistant House Clerk. Division. (Operating Room). Arthur B. Boyd, Washman to Leader, Yolanda Diaz, Clerk-Typist, Division of Extractor and Tumblerman. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION Preventive Medicine and Quarantine, to Valtosal Hudson, Pantryman to Cook. BUREAU Clerk. Theodore M. Griffiths, Utility Worker to David Matthews, Amos R. Swalm, Lead Foreman (Public L. Food Service Worker Pantryman. to Hospital Food Service Worker. Works Road Construction), Maintenance Gladstone N. Lewis, Leader Presser (Flat- Thomas A. Barrett, Vincent H. King, Division, to Construction Inspector work) to Leader Marker and Sorter. Clifford Pierre, Gerald N. Mapp, Henry (General), Contract and Inspection Divi- Clibice Boyce, Josephine L. Orville, Emily Johnson, Azariah Brown, James S. sion. M. Thomas, Presser (Garment) to Presser Yard. Walter Sandiford, Henry G. (Shirts). Electrical Weeks, Maximo Acosta, Reuben R. Division Arturo Aguirre, Laborer (Cleaner) to Laun- Rhaburn, Chauffeur to Medical Aid dry Worker (Heavy). Henry V. Ross, Inspector (Hospital Medical (Ambulance). Equipment), Gorgas Hospital, to Electri- Community Services Division cian. Coco Solo Hospital Gifford Holmes, Clerk to Accounts Main- Edostido Andrades, Florencio Guerrero, Doris T. Acheson, Staff Nurse (Obstetrics) J. tenance Clerk. Maintenanceman to Leader Mainte- to Staff Nurse (Operating Room). Eligio Castillo, Laborer to Grounds Main- nanceman. Marcia E. Jones, Staff Nurse to Staff Nurse tenance Equipment Operator. Doroteo Guerrero, Palancaman to Main- (Medicine and Surgery). tenanceman. Ila G. Foster, Sales Clerk, Supply Division, TRANSPORTATION AND TERMINALS to Nursing Assistant (Medicine and Dagoberto Illueca, Laborer (Heavy) to BUREAU Surgery). Helper Electrician. Zetta R. Stamp, Seamstress (Production) to Terminals Division Dredging Division Nursing Assistant (Medicine and Sur- Irvin E. Krapfl, Lead Foreman (Fuel Oper- gery). ations) to General Foreman (Fuel Oper- James B. Bennett, Electrician to Leader Alberto J. Howell, Storekeeping Clerk to ations). Electrician (Lineman). Medical Aid. Agustin Cedeno, Winchman to Leader Hector Geart, Benjamin Parada, Seaman to Jose Norville, Pantryman to Pantry Worker Stevedore (Ship). Painter. (Special Diets). Bertram O. Bryce, Linehandler to Steve- Ralph Rowland, Laborer (Heavy) to Clerk. Atanajildo Henriquez, Lesep L. Barrett, dore. Hubert E. Yard, Hubert Cirilo J. Alexander, Messenger to Store- M. James, Jacinto Gomez, Juan Samaniego, Pedro keeping Clerk. Sydney O. White, Chauffeur to Medical Soli's, Daniel Villanueva, Dock Worker Aid (Ambulance). to Stevedore. Andrew A. Burgess, Laborer (Cleaner), Edward Stewart, Laborer (Cleaner), Sup- Community Services Division, to Helper MARINE BUREAU ply Division, to Cargo Marker. Engineman (Hoisting and Portable). Navigation Division Motor Transportation Division Maintenance Division Keith E. Lippincott, Engineer, Dipper Eleuterio Galvez, Truck Driver to Guard. Lloyd S. McConnell, Leader Joiner to Dredge, Dredging Division, to Chief Clive Ibarra, Service Station Attendant to Lead Foreman Joiner. Engineer, Towboat. Wallace O. Stendahl, First Assistant Engi- Truck Driver. Richard E. Parker, Automotive Machinist, neer, Pipeline Dredge, Dredging Divi- Carl R. Cumberbatch, Laborer, Supply Motor Transportation Division, to En- sion, to Chief Engineer, Towboat. Division, to Truck Driver. gineman (Hoisting and Portable). Eustorio Morales, Oiler to Boiler Tender. Industrial Division OTHER PROMOTIONS which did not Gilberto Budil, Helper Roofer to Truck Rodolfo T. Smith, Apprentice (Shipwright) involve changes of title: Driver. to Shipwright. Truman H. Hoenke, Supervisory Gen- Rudolph V. Myrie, Laborer (Heavy to Joseph U. Williams, File Clerk, Dredging eral Engineer (Superintendent, Pacific Helper Refrigeration and Air Condition- Division, to Guard. Branch), Locks Division. ing Mechanic. Ernest V. Baptiste, Stock Control Clerk to William A. Van Siclen, Jr., Super- Storekeeping Clerk. visory General Engineer (Superinten- Domingo Gonzalez, Laborer to Field Trac- Rudolph E. Huggian, dent, Atlantic Branch), Locks Division. tor Operator. Linehandler to Helper Machinist. Harvey E. Beall, Admeasurer, Navigation Stephen C. Pirre, Laborer (Heavy) to Oliver F. R. Ifil, Carpenter, Maintenance Division. Quarryman. Division, to Helper Shipwright. Rex E. Beck, Constable, Magistrate Courts. Pablo Lasso, Laborer (Heavy) to Helper Woodrow L. Gordon, Helper Machinist to Thomas J. Dwyer, Admeasurer, Naviga- Machinist (Maintenance). Toolroom Attendant. tion Division.
14 June 7, 1963 Promotions and Transfers Pure Water (Continued from p. 14) (Continued from p. 10)
William S. Hinkle, Geologist (Engineer- cation, storage, and delivery. The rate ing), Engineering Division. is calculated to cover these costs and Rolanda M. Dahlhoff, Clerk-Typist, Ac- is below that charged United States counting Division. agencies on the Canal Zone and well Marta E. Lavergne, Clerk-Stenographer, below rates charged for similar services Office of the Director, Engineering and in the States. Construction Bureau. Silvia Blackwood, Geraldine L. Watson, When the United States turned the Antolino De Leon, Geraldine G. Smoll, water and sewer facilities it had con- Samuel Moore, Margarito Wilson, James structed in Colon and Panama City over N. Dawson, Vicencio Quintero, Vin- to the Panamanian Government in cent Gordon, Constantine Braithwaite, Marion D. Stephens, Olivia M. De Hall, 1946, the transfer agreement governed Gwendolyn L. Hanley, Doris V. Lyons, the fixing of rates until 1954. Under the Maria T. Louis, Alicia M. Pomare, Fe- 1954 agreement, it was agreed that the lipa De Aleman, Verona A. Clarke, EI- Panama Canal would charge Panama frida Patton, Nursing Assistant (Med- only 8.7 for cubic feet Edwin M. Martin icine and Surgery). cents each 100 Oliver L. Bailey, Joseph B. Gordon, John of purified water delivered to Panama C. Hoy, Narciso Olayvar, Filer Clerk, City and only 8.3 cents for that Office of General Manager, Supply delivered to Colon, regardless of the Director Division. price charged ultimate consumers by New Panama. A hundred cubic feet is 750 gallons. NEWLY-APPOINTED to the Board of Directors of the In 1956, to cover the increased cost Panama Canal, Edwin Isthmus Industry Martin, Assistant Secretary for water delivered to Panama City's M. of State (Continued from p. 7) expanding suburbs, the charge was for Inter-American Affairs, will attend his first meeting as of last year is expected to double present increased 2 mills to 8.9 cents per 100 a member the production capacity. One of the largest cubic feet for the suburbs only. board in July. ever installed in Central America and Under a directive of President With the State Department since Panama, it is 400 feet long and 11 feet Eisenhower in 1960, a new rate struc- 1945, Mr. Martin was a representative in diameter—large enough to hold more ture resulted in a flat 7.5 cents per to the August 1961 meeting of the than 200 automobiles. 100 cubic feet for the first 100,000 units Inter-American Economic and Social The new kiln, with the two others of 100 cubic feet and 7 cents per unit Council at Punta del Este, Uruguay, previously in operation, can jointly of 100 cubic feet for all water furnished and with the U.S. delegation to the supply all of Panama's cement require- over 100,000 units each month. This Inter-American Bank meeting in Brazil, ments for the 20 years, on the basis next rate applies to Colon, Panama City, and serving as Assistant Secretary of State of projected expansion of demand. suburbs. It was accepted by the Pan- for Economic Affairs during this time. The recent venture of Cemento of most amanian Government in an exchange Mr. Martin entered Government Panama is its Fibrolit plant, which notes for period starting July 1, 1960. service in 1935, first with the Central manufactures pressed cement and wood Panama in turn, through IDAAN Statistical Board, later with the Bureau fiber planks and blocks for use in inte- (National Water and Sewage Admin- of Labor Statistics, War Production rior and exterior walls. It also can be istration), sells the water to consumers Board, and Office of Strategic Services. used as acoustic material and for roof at a rate fixed by IDAAN. (The Panama With the Department of State, he sheathing. Known in the international Canal charge to IDAAN of 7.5 cents was Chief of the Division of Japanese market as fiberdyne, it costs less than per 100 cubic feet equals 10 cents per cement blocks, lumber, and other types 1,000 gallons; 7 cents per 100 cubic and Korean Economic Affairs and then of construction materials. feet equals 9.3 cents per 1,000 gallons.) had economic, trade policy and mutual security assignments, followed by For the first time in Panama, The pure water from the Canal Zone post will distribute 10 per- work with the North Atlantic Treaty Cemento Panama treatment plants also is very soft, having cent of its profits among all its workers. a hardness index only about half that Organization and European Regional This gives every worker a direct stake of the softened water in many cities in Organizations as deputy chief of the in the company's successful operation. the States which have municipal U.S. Mission. Employment now averages 274 versus softening plants. He was the Secretary of State's prin- only 100 in 1950. And the employees Consequently, consumers here bene- cipal adviser and coordinator for the have nearly 1,600 dependents. fit from major savings in soap, don't U.S. delegation at the meeting of the At Christmas, the firm has an annual have the expense of home softening joint United States-Japan Committee on Christmas party for all employees and equipment, or problems of deposits on Trade and Economic Affairs at Hakone, their families. More than 1,500 workers the insides of pipes and boilers. There's Japan, late in 1961. and their families, including company also less abrasive action on clothes, since A native of Dayton, Ohio, Mr. Martin executives and technicians, attended fibers are freer of insoluble and gummy received his bachelor of arts degree the last one. Presents such as television compounds such as are left by washing from Northwestern University and did sets, stoves, bicycles, sewing machines, with hard water, and the fibers stay graduate work there in political science. and other gifts were distributed. clean longer. His legal residence is Piqua, Ohio. His Cemento Panama also provides Another quality of the water can't is Margaret Milburn schools, churches, playing fields, and be measured in any way except the wife the former similar community benefits for its em- "homing" instincts of thousands who of Baltimore. They have a daughter, ployees, and offers annual scholarships have tasted the water of the Chagres: Mrs. Pedro A. Sanjuan, and a son, to outstanding students. "He who drinks it always returns." Edwin M., Jr.
The Panama Canal Review 15 • SHIPPING
New Name, Same Game TRANSITS BY OCEAN-GOING in this service will be the Verdi in July VESSELS IN APRIL and the Rossini in December. AN OLD Panama Canal customer is The three ships, formerly on the 1963 1962 running through the Panama Canal Italy to Australia route for Lloyd Tries- Commercial 919 942 these days in disguise. She is the bulk tino, have been refitted to offer more 19 rice carrier SS Sello Rojo, which started U.S. Government 22 comfortable staterooms and public 9 service between the U.S. west coast and Free 7 rooms and are completely air condi- Puerto Rico a few years ago as the Total 948 970 tioned. They have accommodations for Marine Rice Queen. The 10,500 dead- TOLLS 168 passengers in first class and 446 weight ton liberty ship was sold recently in tourist class. Commercial $4,762,315 $4,963,535 by the Marine Transport Lines to the Final trips through the Canal were U.S. Government 99,315 102,910 Bulk Food Carriers, Inc., of Delaware made in May by the Antoniotto Usodi- and renamed. Total $4,861,630 $5,066,445 mare and early in June by the Marco • will The ship is continuing to carry bulk CARGO" Polo. The Amerigo Vespucci con- until rice for the California Rice Growers Commercial 5,379,025 6,103,611 tinue in the service November. Association with Wilford McKay as U.S. Government 78,541 118,783 46,099 agents at the Canal. The sale price is Free 23,562 New Japanese Liner reported at $1 million. The ship is Total 5,481,128 6,268,493 ONE OF THE largest Japanese pas- capable of unloading 650 tons of bulk on all vessels, ocean-going and small. 'Includes tolls senger liners built in Japan since the "Cargo figures are in long tons. rice an hour and of making a turn- war will arrive back at the Canal around voyage between Stockton and June 10 on the second leg of her maiden Puerto Rico every 40 days. voyage between Japan and the east coast of South America. The ship is the Two Launches Built MS Sakura Maru, the Osaka Shosen Kaisha Line's newest and largest pas- THE MANTA and the Mola (below) senger ship, which was designed to are two 50-foot passenger launches of display trade exhibits and is easily wooden construction which were built converted into a spacious passenger entirely at the Gamboa Launch Repair liner. Industrial Division Facility Shed by On her maiden voyage which took forces. from Work on them began her through the Canal for the first time scratch last March and the final trials on April 26, the ship was in the role Italian Line's New Ships after the engines were installed were of a passenger ship, with accommoda- held early in May. BEGINNING this month, the Italian tions for 152 in cabin class and 800 in The formal transfer and acceptance Line is replacing the 10,000-ton Italy third class economy accommodations. by the Navigation Division took place to South America passenger vessels The modern 12,000-ton ship is com- in Gamboa in the presence of Marine Marco Polo, Amerigo Vespucci, and pletely air conditioned and her engines Usodimare with the 13,000- are located aft. Division officials with Capt. Eli D. Ring Antoniotto ton sisterships Donizetti, Verdi, and her run from the Far East, the taking acceptance of the Manta for On Rossini. The Donizetti will open the Sakura Maru calls at Kobe, Honolulu, Balboa and Capt. Ernest B. Rainier new service when she sails from Genoa San Francisco, and Los Angeles. After taking the Mola for Cristobal. June 10. She will arrive in Cris- leaving the Canal, she goes to Curacao, Before the two launches left for their tobal June 26 after making calls at La Guaira, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, and respective home ports, the men who Naples, Cannes, Barcelona, Teneriffe, Buenos Aires. Boyd Brothers, agents built them were given a complimentary La Guaira, Curacao, and Cartagena. for the ship here, said that she would cruise on Gatun Lake. For most of Following her transit through the dock at Cristobal on her return trip them, it was the first time that they had Canal, the ship will go to Buenaventura, to Japan. Four other O.S.K. passenger- ridden aboard the sleek new craft since Guayaquil, Callao, Arica, Antofagasta, cargo ships also are in service over they had been put into actual operation. and Valparaiso. Following the Donizetti this route.
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