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Joint Force Quarterly JFQ AWord from the Chairman The articles on “The Security of the Americas” found in this issue provide a useful primer on the challenges to the hemi- sphere and the relationship of the United States with its neighbors. The current pace of change in Latin America ri- vals that of East Asia or Europe. However, absent significant threats or instability, these challenges have drawn little comment in the United States. In the future, Washington cannot afford to take this dynamic region for granted. It demands our close attention. (continued on page 4) U.S.-Honduran airborne drop. U.S. Air Force Spring 1996 / JFQ 1 JFQ Prelm P1-5 8/29/96 10:30 AM Page 2 I CONTENTS 1 A Word from the Chairman by John M. Shalikashvili I FROM THE FIELD AND FLEET 6 Letters to the Editor I JFQ FORUM I 36 The Security of the Americas 9 Joint Warfare and the by Hans Binnendijk and John A. Cope Army-Air Force Team by Dennis J. Reimer and 40 Good Bridges Ronald R. Fogleman Make Good Neighbors JFQ by William J. Perry 16 AFATDS: The Fire Support Window to the 21st Century 44 A Former CINC Looks at by Steven W. Boutelle and Ronald Filak Latin America by Barry R. McCaffrey 22 A Primer on Naval Theater Air Defense 52 Operation Safe Border: by Alan G. Maiorano, Nevin P. Carr, Jr., The Ecuador-Peru Crisis and Trevor J. Bender by Glenn R. Weidner 59 A Brazilian 29 Unity of Command— Strategic Outlook Countering Aircraft and by Luiz Paulo Macedo Carvalho Missile Threats by Vincent P. DiFronzo 64 Changing Argentine Military Culture PHOTO CREDITS by Martin Antonio Balza The cover features F–117 being refueled (U.S. Air Force/ Val Gempis); the cover insets (from top) show Stinger 67 Security and Democracy missile launch during Roving Sands ’94 (U.S. Air Force/ Steve Thurow), Venezuelan troops at National Pantheon in the Region in Caracas (DOD/R.D. Ward), M–88A1 recovery vehicle by Luigi R. Einaudi crossing into Bosnia (U.S. Air Force/Lisa Zunzanyika- Carpenter), airborne troops boarding C–141 (U.S. Air Force/Jerome G. Suson), and Chester Nimitz looking over 73 Defense of the Hemisphere: maps during World War II (Naval Historical Center). An Historical Postscript The front inside cover incorporates (clockwise, from top) marine firing down range during Bell Thunder ’95 by Jose F. Mata (U.S. Navy/Stephen Batiz), high endurance cutter Gallatin (U.S. Coast Guard), ski-equipped CH–47D Chinook during training in Italian Alps (U.S. Air Force/Mike Reinhardt), C–5 taking off for Vigilant Warrior (U.S. Air Force/Brett K. Snow), and USS Seahorse enroute to the Mediterranean (U.S. Navy/ Kenneth H. Brewer). The table of contents photos include (from top) theater high altitude area defense (THAAD) FTV–03 (U.S. Army), Miraflores Locks on Panama Canal (DOD/R.D. Ward), Salvadoran naval commandos (Julio A. Montes), SEAL in defensive perimeter during exercise in Italy (U.S. Navy/George A. Del Moral), and F–16 and German MiG–29 (U.S. Air Force/Tana R. Hamilton). The back inside cover captures SH–2F landing on USS O’Bannon during passage through Straits of Magellan (U.S. Navy/Richard Boyle). The back cover shows mobile aerostat in Caribbean (U.S. Coast Guard/ Chuck Kalnback). 2 JFQ / Spring 1996 SPRING 96 / NUMBER 11 I I OF CHIEFS AND CHAIRMEN 76 NATO’s Military Future 124 Arleigh Albert Burke by Daniel W. Christman 82 A Fight for Lodgement: I OUT OF JOINT Future Joint Contingency 125 Where are the Arleigh Burkes Operations Today? by Anthony J. Tata by Mark Yost 90 Medical Dimensions of Joint Humanitarian I THE JOINT WORLD Relief Operations 128 Organization, Doctrine, by Leonard M. Randolph, Jr., and and Education Matthew W. Cogdell I OFF THE SHELF 98 Leadership, Community, and Virtue 130 Moral Obligation Versus “Beeper by James H. Toner Ethics”: A Review Essay by William G. O’Neill 104 Brilliant Warriors by Jay W. Kelley 134 A Jubilee for Airmen: JFA Book ReviewQ 111 Research, Writing, and by Thomas A. Keaney the Mind of the Strategist by Gregory D. Foster 135 Of Cabals and Complots: A Book Review 116 Days of Future Past: Joint by James L. Zackrison Intelligence in World War II by James D. Marchio Joint Force Quarterly Hans Binnendijk JFQ is published for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The editors invite articles and other contributions on joint Editor-in-Chief by the Institute for National Strategic Studies, National De- warfighting, interservice issues that support jointness, and top- fense University, to promote understanding of the integrated ics of common interest to the Armed Forces (see page 136 for Patrick M. Cronin employment of land, sea, air, space, and special operations details). Please direct all editorial communications to: forces. The journal focuses on joint doctrine, coalition warfare, Consulting Editor Editor contingency planning, combat operations conducted by the John A. Cope Joint Force Quarterly unified commands, and joint force development. Contributing Editor (Issue 11) ATTN: NDU–NSS–JFQ The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations ex- Washington, D.C. 20319–6000 Robert A. Silano pressed or implied within are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Defense Telephone: (202) 685–4220 / DSN 325–4220 Editor or any other agency of the Federal Government. Copyrighted FAX: (202) 685–4219 / DSN 325–4219 Martin J. Peters, Jr. portions of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted Internet: [email protected] Production Coordinator without permission of copyright proprietors. An acknowledg- Calvin B. Kelley ment to Joint Force Quarterly should be made whenever mate- A cumulative index to articles published in JFQ can be found on the National Defense University World Wide Web Copy Editor rial is quoted from or based on its contents. This publication has been approved by the Secretary of server. Access any Web Browser (for example, Mosaic or Netscape) by addressing http://www.ndu.edu. The Typography and Design Division of the U.S. Government Defense. Printing Office is responsible for layout and art direction. ISSN 1070–0692 May 1996 Spring 1996 / JFQ 3 Joint Force Quarterly I A WORD FROM THE CHAIRMAN GEN John M. Shalikashvili, USA (continued from page 1) Publisher Latin America is a vast region with remark- ADVISORY COMMITTEE able potential, a vibrant blend of New and Old World traditions, of modern societies and ancient Lt Gen Ervin J. Rokke, USAF I National Defense University Chairman cultures. It is a geographic term for an amalgam of 450 million people living in 33 diverse states, each BG David A. Armstrong, USA (Ret.) I Office of the Chairman with a unique history and sense of national pur- Col John W. Brooks, USAF I Air Command and Staff College pose. To the United States, the countries of Latin America and insular nations of the Caribbean are Brig Gen Roger E. Carleton, USAF I Armed Forces Staff College partners in three distinct though interactive ways: MG Richard A. Chilcoat, USA I U.S. Army War College in the development of democracy, in commerce, A. Denis Clift I Joint Military Intelligence College and in the creation of hemispheric security. This region has undergone extensive politi- Col K.A. Conry, USMC I Marine Corps Command and Staff College cal development. A decade ago Latin America was MG John S. Cowings, USA I Industrial College of the Armed Forces politically troubled, with half of its states ruled by authoritarian regimes which repressed their peo- BG Robert F. Dees, USA I The Joint Staff ple and mismanaged their economies. Central Col Paul V. Kelly, USMC I Marine Corps War College Lt Gen Walter Kross, USAF I The Joint Staff RADM Michael A. McDevitt, USN I National War College Latin America spends the least BG David H. Ohle, USA I U.S. Army Command and General Staff College on defense and has the fewest Maj Gen D. Bruce Smith, USAF I Air War College military personnel per capita RADM James R. Stark, USN I Naval War College EDITORIAL BOARD America in particular was a hotbed of instability, Hans Binnendijk I National Defense University much of which emanated from the influence of Chairman the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and Manuel Noriega Richard K. Betts I Columbia University in Panama. Most of that instability has vanished COL William D. Bristow, Jr., USA I U.S. Army Command and General Staff College from the scene. For the first time in history, every nation in Latin America is a democracy except I Eliot A. Cohen The Johns Hopkins University Cuba. Each of these nations is determined to fos- COL Robert A. Doughty, USA I U.S. Military Academy ter representative institutions, respect human rights, and incorporate itself into a wider world. Aaron L. Friedberg I Princeton University Latin America today is striving to meet the ulti- Col Robert J. Garner, USMC I Armed Forces Staff College mate goal enunciated by Simon Bolivar: “to be Alan L. Gropman I Industrial College of the Armed Forces free under the auspices of liberal laws, emanating from the most sacred spring, which is the will of I Col Douglas N. Hime, USAF Naval War College the people.” Mark H. Jacobsen I Marine Corps Command and Staff College While much economic reform is still needed, Latin America has jumped into the mainstream of Thomas L. McNaugher I The RAND Corporation international economic life. Many economies in William H.J. Manthorpe, Jr. I Joint Military Intelligence College the region are surging and several rank among CAPT Rosemary B. Mariner, USN I National War College the fastest growing in the world.
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