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(Squamata: Amphisbaenia) Da Amazônia Brasileira

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(Squamata: Amphisbaenia) Da Amazônia Brasileira UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO OESTE DO PARÁ PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO E INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM RECURSOS NATURAIS DA AMAZÔNIA CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS ANFISBÊNIOS (SQUAMATA: AMPHISBAENIA) DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA VÂNIA SÁ DE OLIVEIRA Santarém, Pará Outubro, 2016 i VÂNIA SÁ DE OLIVEIRA CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS ANFISBÊNIOS (SQUAMATA: AMPHISBAENIA) DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA PROF. DRA. SÍRIA LISANDRA DE BARCELOS RIBEIRO Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em recursos Naturais da Amazônia, junto ao Programa de Pós- Graduação Stricto Sensu em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia Linha de Pesquisa: Genética e Conservação da biodiversidade Santarém, Pará Outubro, 2016 ii DEDICATÓRIA Aos meus amados iii AGRADECIMENTOS À Deus pelo seu zelo em cada detalhe, por se fazer presente em cada momento e por ser meu porto seguro. Agradeço a minha família, pelo apoio incondicional, por me fazerem saber que sempre estarão lá por mim. À minha querida orientadora professora Dra. Síria Lisandra de Barcelos Ribeiro pela confiança, compreensão, paciência e orientação. Por todas as sugestões, dúvidas tiradas e pelo incentivo na busca de conhecimento. Ao professor Alfredo Pedroso dos Santos Júnior por me iniciar no estudo da herpetofauna e por todo apoio na realização desse estudo. Seu olhar aguçado nos mínimos detalhes foi de grande importância e por entender que café com guloseimas são muito importantes na vida de um pesquisador. À Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará e Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento Animal pela oportunidade de cursar o curso de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia. À CAPES pela concessão da bolsa de mestrado que possibilitou a realização deste projeto. Aos curadores, Ana Prudente (MPEG), Fernanda Werneck (INPA), Hipócrates Chalkidis (LPHA), Felipe Curcio (UFMT), Hussan Zaher (MZUSP) e Helder Silva (CEPB)Vpelo empréstimo dos espécimes. Aos pesquisadores Alexandre, Adriana e Adriano Maciel, pelo acolhimento nas coleções científicas e disposição de ajudar. Ao Marco Ribeiro Jr, pela boa vontade de disponibilizar os shapes que foram de grande importância para a realização dos mapas do trabalho. À Elaine e a Clara pelo compartilhamento de dados. A vocês, meu muito Obrigada! As meninas do LECAn, Dayane, Elaine, Isla, Jady, Juh, Liz, Maiume, Nayane,e Thayana pela companhia, compartilhamento de cafés e conversas tão divertidas. Especialmente a Jady (Jaderlândia), pelo querer bem tão notório, as comidas especiais fornecidas e ajuda com as fotos utilizadas nesse estudo e a Isla (Meninalva), que foi mais uma das belas amizades que Deus me presenteou. Obrigada por compartilhar teus conhecimentos de informática e de produção de mapas, pela companhia até tarde no LECAn, pelas gordices que foram sempre bem-vindas, pelos segredos compartilhados e pelas mensagens sempre respondidas, mesmo que não seja recíproco. iv Aos meus amigos Carlos, Paty e Naty pela amizade, por participarem mesmo que indiretamente da minha construção profissional e pessoal nesses últimos anos, pelas conversas e discussões tão proveitosos e também pelas não tão proveitosas assim, mas que me fazem um bem danado. Muito Obrigada! v SÁ-OLIVEIRA, Vânia. Caracterização morfológica e distribuição dos anfisbênios (Squamata: Amphisbaenia) da Amazônia brasileira. 2016. 211 pg. Dissertação de Mestrado em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia. Linha de pesquisa: Genética e Conservação da biodiversidade -Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia. Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, Santarém, 2016. RESUMO Dentre os répteis Squamata, Amphisbaenia é o grupo menos diversificado com 197 espécies, das quais somente 74 ocorrem no Brasil. O conhecimento desse grupo, apesar de ter aumentado nos últimos anos, ainda carece de informações que auxiliem na caracterização e identificação das espécies. Esse estudo foi realizado com intuito de atualizar dados quanto a morfologia externa e distribuição geográfica das espécies de anfisbênios da Amazônia brasileira. Foram analisados 57 caracteres merísticos e morfométricos de 709 espécimes de diversas coleções científicas. Foram reconhecidas 22 espécies de anfisbênios para a Amazônia brasileira, bioma que se mantém com a terceira maior diversidade de anfisbênios do Brasil. Oito espécies de anfisbênios (= 36,3% da diversidade do bioma) apresentam distribuição restrita para a Amazônia: Amphisbaena brasiliana, A. caiari, A. cunhai, A. michelli, A. slevini, A. tragorrhectes, A. vanzolinii e Mesobaena rhachicephala. A distribuição de Amphisbaena kraoh foi reconhecida para a Amazônia, anteriormente conhecida somente para o Cerrado. Três novos registros geográficos foram identificados na amostra analisada: Amphisbaena alba, para o estado do Acre; Amphisbaena caiari, conhecida para a localidade-tipo em Rondônia, foi registrada pela primeira vez para o estado Pará e Mesobaena rhachicephala, conhecida para a localidade-tipo no estado do Pará, foi registrada para o estado do Amazonas. A variação conhecida de dados merísticos de 13 das 22 espécies analisadas foi ampliada, possibilitando assim uma melhor caracterização das mesmas. Adicionalmente, nós apresentamos uma chave dicotômica para espécies de anfisbênios da Amazônia brasileira. Palavra-chaves. Amphisbaenidade, Morfologia, Taxonomia vi SÁ-OLIVEIRA, Vânia. Caracterização morfológica e distribuição dos anfisbênios (Squamata: Amphisbaenia) da Amazônia brasileira. 2016. 211 pg. Dissertação de Mestrado em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia. Linha de Pesquisa: Genética e Conservação da Biodiversidade -Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia. Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, Santarém, 2016. ABSTRACT The Amphisbaenia is the least-diversified group of Squamata reptiles, with 197 known species. Of these, 74 occur in Brazil. Although there have been improvements in recent years, general knowledge of the group still require data that facilitates identification and characterization of species. The current study was undertaken in order to bring together data on the external morphology and geographical distribution of amphisbaenid species in the Brazilian Amazon. To this end 57 meristic and morphometric characters were analysed from 709 specimens from a variety of scientific collections. Twenty-two species of amphisbaenids were recorded as occuring in the Brazilian Amazon, making it the biome with the third-greatest amphisbaenid diversity in Brazil. Eight species of amphisbaenid (36.3% of the biome´s diversity for this group) have distributions restricted to Amazon: Amphisbaena brasiliana, A. caiari, A. cunhai, A. michelli, A. slevini, A. tragorrhectes, A. vanzolinii and Mesobaena rhachicephala. The distribution of Amphisbaena kraoh was extended into the Amazon basin (the species was previously only known from the cerrado). Three new geographical records were recorded from the analysed sample: Amphisbaena alba for the state of Acre; Amphisbaena caiari, previously known only from the type locality in Rondônia, was recorded for the first time in Pará; and Mesobaena rhachicephala, known only from its type locality in Pará, was recorded for the state of Amazonas. The character variation in 13 of the 22 analysed species was extended, allowing more accurate identification of these species in the future. Additionally, we present a key for species of amphisbaenids from Brazilian Amazon. Key words. Amphisbaenidade, Morphology, Taxonomy. vii SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS vii RESUMO ..................................................................................................................................v ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................vi 1. INTRODUÇÃO.....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Amphisbaenia........................................................................................................................1 1.2 História da taxonomia...........................................................................................................4 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS....................................................................................8 2. OBJETIVOS........................................................................................................................15 2.1 Objetivo Geral…….............................................................................................................15 2.2. Objetivos específicos.........................................................................................................15 CAPÍTULO I...........................................................................................................................16 Abstract....................................................................................................................................19 Resumo.....................................................................................................................................20 INTRODUÇÃO.......................................................................................................................21 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS....................................................................................................22 RESULTADOS........................................................................................................................27
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