Helen Hill Historic District, Essex and Frankiln Counties
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NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional certification comments, entries, and narrative items on continuation sheets if needed (NPS Form 10-900a). 1. Name of Property historic name Helen Hill Historic District other names/site number 2. Location street & number Helen Street, Front Street, Prescott Place, Sheppard Avenue, Franklin not for publication Avenue, Clinton Avenue city or town Saranac Lake vicinity state New York code NY county Essex/Franklin code 031/033 zip code 12986 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination _ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets _ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: national statewide X local Signature of certifying official/Title Date State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting official Date Title State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) _________________ Signature of the Keeper Date of Action 1 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) Helen Hill Historic District Essex & Franklin County, New York Name of Property County and State 5. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) (Check only one box.) (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.) Contributing Noncontributing X private building(s) 73 15 buildings public - Local X district 0 0 district public - State site 0 0 site public - Federal structure 39 16 structure object 0 0 object 112 31 Total Name of related multiple property listing Number of contributing resources previously (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing) listed in the National Register Cure Industry Resources of the Village of Saranac Lake, Essex and Franklin Co., NY 8 6. Function or Use Historic Functions Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) (Enter categories from instructions.) DOMESTIC/single dwelling DOMESTIC/single dwelling DOMESTIC/multi-dwelling DOMESTIC/multi-dwelling HEALTH CARE/Sanitarium 7. Description Architectural Classification Materials (Enter categories from instructions.) (Enter categories from instructions.) LATE VICTORIAN: Queen Anne foundation: stone, concrete block th th LATE 19 & 20 CENTURY REVIVALS: Colonial walls: clapboard, wood shingle, vinyl, brick, Revival, Tudor Revival aluminum, asbestos, asphalt Bungalow/Craftsman roof: asphalt shingle, metal other: 2 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) Helen Hill Historic District Essex & Franklin County, New York Name of Property County and State Narrative Description Summary Paragraph The Helen Hill Historic District is located within the Village of Saranac Lake; like the village itself, the district straddles the boundary line between Essex and Franklin counties in New York State’s Adirondack region. The nominated district constitutes a distinctive residential neighborhood within Saranac Lake and is composed principally of single- family residences erected in the later nineteenth and first decades of the twentieth century; some of these dwellings have since been converted into multi-family housing. The nominated district’s building stock was constructed in a variety of prevailing national architectural styles, among them the Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival and Craftsman modes, with the bulk of the development occurring in the period from 1896 to 1930. One dwelling, located in the southern portion of the district, appears to predate the development of this area and is believed to date to the 1850s. Otherwise the district’s architecture relates to the development of this area beginning in the later 1890s. Many of the dwellings within the district retain porches that were used at one time as “cure” porches, a surviving legacy of Saranac Lake’s importance as a center for the treatment of tuberculosis. Overall the nominated district retains a strong sense of cohesion and remains a definable historic entity within the environs of Saranac Lake, with a relatively strong collection of domestic architecture expressive of this area’s period of development from the Late Victorian era to the immediate pre-Second World War period. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Narrative Description The Helen Hill Historic District is located in the southeastern section of the Village of Saranac Lake, a municipality situated in the rugged north-central portion of the Adirondack Park. The village straddles two counties—a part of it is located within Franklin County, the balance being located in adjacent Essex County—and communicates directly with Lake Flower, into which the Saranac River flows on its north side. The topography of the region that surrounds Saranac Lake is mountainous, while the village by contrast features a mix of both flat and hilly terrain. The neighborhood in which the district is located, immediately southeast of the downtown area, is situated at a higher elevation than downtown, being that it sits atop a hill that crests north of Helen Street, between Franklin and Shepard avenues. The hilly topography of the district required the extensive use of retaining walls for individual properties— typically fashioned from rough cut, random-laid stone but sometimes formed of poured concrete—which often help define bordering property lines. Though the tract was historically used as pasture, most of the lots are now partially wooded. The nominated district encompasses most of Helen Street, from Front Street west to Pine Street; all of Prescott Place; the majority of two cross-streets, those being Shepard Avenue and Franklin Avenue; a portion of Clinton Avenue; and one property each on Front Street and Fawn Street. The district contains 112 contributing buildings and structures, inclusive of ancillary buildings and retaining features, and also includes 6 resources which were previously listed on the NRHP in 1992. There are additionally 31 non- contributing resources, also inclusive of outbuildings and other site features. All of these are privately owned buildings and either single or multi-family residences, with the bulk of the development having occurred between 1896 and 1932. Most are local expressions of the prevailing architectural styles of this period of development, including the Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Craftsman modes. The vast majority are of light wood-frame construction sheathed with wood clapboard, wood shingle, or otherwise later aluminum or vinyl siding. Only one brick building is located within the district; it was built as a hospital facility to accommodate tuberculosis patients. A principal character-defining feature of many of the district’s dwellings are the one or more “cure porches” employed on the exterior, a feature which relates directly to Saranac Lake’s importance as a center of tuberculosis treatment. These were often partially enclosed with vertically sliding windows, but some were open as well, designed to be large enough for patients to sit outside throughout the year and “take the cure,” which meant breathing the clean, crisp mountain air that was believed to improve one’s health as part of a larger cure regimen. Records collected and maintained by Historic Saranac Lake identify many of the houses within the district by a particular “cottage” name; where known, these are cited in the descriptive section. These names were often taken from the owner or proprietor of the particular residence at the time. The physical integrity level of the resources within the nominated district varies, with some houses retaining a majority of their original materials and character-defining exterior elements, while others have been altered with vinyl siding, replacement windows and both minor and major alterations. Additions and the enclosure of porches in some instances occurred early on and is representative of changes that could be deemed significant;