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Ladattavissa Sotahist34_001-317:__Aikakauskirja 11.11.2014 12:26 Sivu1 Sotahistoriallinen aikakauskirja 34 Sotahist34_001-317:__Aikakauskirja 11.11.2014 12:26 Sivu2 Journal of Military History 34 Published by: The Association for Military History in Finland and the Military Museum of Finland Sotahist34_001-317:__Aikakauskirja 11.11.2014 12:26 Sivu3 Sotahistoriallinen aikakauskirja 34 Helsinki 2014 Suomen Sotahistoriallinen Seura Sotamuseo Sotahist34_001-317:__Aikakauskirja 11.11.2014 12:26 Sivu4 TOIMITUSKUNTA Riitta Blomgren, Mikko Karjalainen, Ohto Manninen, Pekka Saloranta, Pasi Tuunainen ENGLISHSUMMARIES Tapio Kakko TAITTO JA TYPOGRAFIA Irmeli Kuhlman ISSN 0357-816X Myynti / Distributor: TIEDEKIRJA Kirkkokatu 14 00170 Helsinki Finland Tel +358-9-635 177 Fax +358-9-635 017 e-mail [email protected] http://www.tiedekirja.fi Tallinna Raamatutrükikoja OÜ Tallinn 2014 Sotahist34_001-317:__Aikakauskirja 11.11.2014 12:26 Sivu5 Lukijalle Vuosi 2014 on ollut merkkivuosi sekä Suomen Sotahistorialliselle Seu- ralle että Sotamuseolle. Suomen Sotahistoriallinen Seura ry:n 70-vuo- tista olemassaoloa juhlistettiin tammikuussa juhlaseminaarilla Valkoi- sessa salissa ja iltajuhlalla Ostrobotnia-ravintolassa Helsingissä. Sota- museo puolestaan juhli marraskuussa 85-vuotista taivaltaan. Seuran ja museon menneisyys on osin yhteinen. Seura perustettiin tammikuussa 1944 Sotamuistoyhdistys-nimisenä Sotamuseon kanna- tusyhdistykseksi, ja alkuaikoina sen päätehtäviin kuului sotahistoriaa tallettavien yhteisöjen tukeminen. Museokonteksti näkyi myös seuran nimessä – Sotamuseoseura ry. – vuodesta 1949 vuoteen 1957. Sotamuis- toyhdistyksen perustamisen aikoihin Sotamuseo oli ollut olemassa noin viidentoista vuoden ajan. Puolustusministeriö hyväksyi 25.11.1929 esi- tyksen Sotamuseon perustamiseksi Sota-arkiston kellaritiloihin Liisan- katu 1:een Helsingissä. Sotahistoriallisen aikakauskirjan edeltäjä Sotamuseo näki päivän- valon vuonna 1948. Vuodesta 1971 lähtien julkaisu tunnettiin nimellä Sotahistoriallinen seura ja Sotamuseo, mikä sekin kertoo läheisistä kyt- köksistä. Alkuaikoina kirjoitusten painopiste oli esineellisessä sotahis- toriassa, myöhemmin vuosi- ja aikakauskirjojen sisältö on monipuolis- tunut ja laajentunut käsittelemään mitä moninaisimpia sotahistoriaan liittyviä ilmiöitä. Ensimmäisen, Sotamuseon nimissä julkaistun vuosikirjan esipu- heessa puolustusvoimain komentaja, jalkaväenkenraali Aarne Sihvo viittaa sotahistoriallisen tutkimuksen edistämiseen: »Samalla kun vuo- sikirjan voidaan täten toivoa edistävän sotahistoriallista tutkimustam- me sekä herättävän myös entistä laajempaa mielenkiintoa ase- ja varus- historiaa kohtaan – – –.» Sotahistoriallisen Seuran nykyisistä säännöis- tä löytyvät samat elementit. Nämä samat tavoitteet ovat luonnollisesti myös Sotahistoriallisella aikakauskirjalla, jonka julkaiseminen on olen- nainen osa seuran toimintaa. Vuoden 2014 Sotahistoriallisessa aikakauskirjassa näkyy seuran juh- lavuosi, toisaalta valtaosa artikkeleista liittyy jatkosota-teemaan. Kirjan alkuosaan on koottu 17. tammikuuta 2014 pidetyn juhlaseminaarin »Tammikuu 1944 – Suomi 70 vuotta sitten» esitelmät, joissa käsiteltiin Suomen sotilaallista tilannetta Suomen, Saksan, Neuvostoliiton ja länsi- 5 Sotahist34_001-317:__Aikakauskirja 11.11.2014 12:26 Sivu6 liittoutuneiden näkökulmasta. Muissa artikkeleissa pureudutaan muun muassa Karjalan linnoitusalueeseen Leningradin suojana ja suomalais- ten sotilaallisissa suunnitelmissa, Päämajan ja Merivoimien suhteeseen rannikolla suoritettujen operaatioiden suunnittelussa ja toimeenpanos- sa vuonna 1941 sekä IV Armeijakunnan joukoissa puhjenneisiin pa- niikki-ilmiöihin kesällä 1944. Tuttuun tapaan aikakauskirjaan on sisällytetty myös matkakertomus, joka tällä kertaa on syksyn 2013 jäsenmatkan innoittama kuvaus Berlii- nin mielenkiintoisista vaiheista, sekä katsaus vuonna 2013 Suomessa il- mestyneeseen sotahistorialliseen kirjallisuuteen. Aikakauskirjan toimituskunta iloitsee siitä, että vuoden 2014 kirjaan on saatu sisällytettyä artikkeleita maan eturivin sotahistorian tutkijoil- ta. Toivotamme Suomen Sotahistoriallisen Seuran jäsenille sekä muille teemasta kiinnostuneille antoisia lukuhetkiä uuden aikakauskirjan pa- rissa. Sotahistoriallisen aikakauskirjan toimituskunnan puolesta RIITTA BLOMGREN 6 Sotahist34_001-317:__Aikakauskirja 11.11.2014 12:26 Sivu7 Sisällys Lukijalle .............................................................................................................................................. 5 MIKKO KARJALAINEN Suomen Sotahistoriallisen Seuran 70-vuotisjuhlaseminaari ........... 9 VESATYNKKYNEN Suomen sotilaallinen tilanne tammikuussa 1944 ..................................... 16 MARKKUJOKISIPILÄ Suomi Saksan näkökulmasta tammikuussa 1944 ..................................... 33 OHTOMANNINEN Toissijainen suunta – puna-armeijan operaatioajatukset Suomen suunnalla alkuvuonna 1944 .................................................................. 44 PASI KESSELI Suomen tilanne länsiliittoutuneiden näkökulmasta 1943–1944 .. 52 JUKKAKULOMAA Karjalan linnoitusalue Leningradin suojana ja suomalaisten sotilaallisissa suunnitelmissa ...................................................................................... 64 ANTTI-VEIKKO HAIMILA Päämajan ja Merivoimien suhde rannikolla suoritettujen operaatioiden suunnittelussa ja toimeenpanossa vuonna 1941 ... 133 VILLEKIVIMÄKI IV Armeijakunnan joukossa puhjenneet paniikki-ilmiöt kesällä 1944 ............................................................................................................................... 173 MATTI LACKMAN Suur-Ruotsi vai itsenäinen Suomi? Puntarointia ja kevään 1918 lopputulos .................................................................................................................................. 216 SEPPOLEHTO Suomen Sotahistoriallisen Seuran Berliinin-matkat 2013 ................ 254 PASI TUUNAINEN Valoa tunnelin päässä – katsaus vuoden 2013 sotahistorialliseen kirjallisuuteen ......................................................................................................................... 278 SUOMEN SOTAHISTORIALLINEN SEURA RY.– KRIGSHISTORISKASAMFUNDETIFINLANDRF. Toimintakertomus vuodelta 2013 .......................................................................... 312 7 Sotahist34_001-317:__Aikakauskirja 11.11.2014 12:26 Sivu8 Contents To the Reader ................................................................................................................................. 5 MIKKO KARJALAINEN 70th Anniversary Seminar of Association for Military History in Finland ................................................................................................................................... 9 VESATYNKKYNEN Finland’s Military Situation in January 1944 ............................................... 16 MARKKUJOKISIPILÄ Finland from the German Perspective in January 1944 ...................... 33 OHTOMANNINEN Secondary Front – Operational Concept of the Red Army on the Finnish Front in Early 1944 ............................................................................... 44 PASI KESSELI Finland’s Situation as Seen by the Western Allies in 1943−1944 52 JUKKAKULOMAA Role of the Karelian Fortified Region in Leningrad’s Defense and in Finland’s Military Planning ....................................................................... 64 ANTTI-VEIKKO HAIMILA Coordination between General Headquarters and the Navy in the Planning and Execution of Coastal Operations in 1941 ............ 133 VILLEKIVIMÄKI Emergence of Panic among Soldiers of the IV Army Corps in Summer 1944 .......................................................................................................................... 173 MATTI LACKMAN Greater Sweden or Independent Finland? Reflections and the Outcome of Spring 1918 ............................................................................................... 216 SEPPOLEHTO The Association's Trips to Berlin in 2013 ........................................................ 254 PASI TUUNAINEN »Light at the End of a Tunnel» – Review of 2013 Military History Book Scene ............................................................................................................ 278 THE ASSOCIATION FOR MILITARY HISTORY IN FINLAND Annual Report 2013 .......................................................................................................... 312 8 Sotahist34_001-317:__Aikakauskirja 11.11.2014 12:26 Sivu9 MIKKOKARJALAINEN Suomen Sotahistoriallisen Seuran 70-vuotisjuhlaseminaari Suomen Sotahistoriallinen Seura ry juhli 70-vuotista toimintaansa jär- jestämällä 17. tammikuuta 2014 juhlaseminaarin Valkoisessa salissa Helsingissä. Seminaarin teema oli »Tammikuu 1944 – Suomi 70 vuotta sitten». Seminaari koostui neljästä esitelmästä, jotka käsittelivät Suomen so- tilaallista tilannetta tuona ajankohtana Suomen, Saksan, Neuvostolii- ton ja länsiliittoutuneiden näkökulmasta. Suomen sotilaallista tilannet- ta valotti Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulun sotahistorian professori Vesa Tynkkynen. Saksan näkökulmasta teemaa käsitteli valtiotieteiden toh- tori Markku Jokisipilä. Vihollisen eli Neuvostoliiton näkökulmasta esitelmöi professori Ohto Manninen. Neljännen näkökulman teemaan toi länsiliittoutuneiden perspektiivistä asiaa valaissut sotilasprofessori Pasi Kesseli. Seminaariin osallistui noin kolmisensataa seuran jäsentä. Seuraa- vaan on koottu seminaarin avauspuheenvuoro sekä seminaariesitelmät, joita tekijät ovat osittain seminaarin jälkeen täydentäneet. *** Tervetuloa Suomen Sotahistoriallisen
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