PATTERN OF RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY IN BAHAWALPUR CITY THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR G 7 PHILOSOPHY IN GEOGRAPHY MASOOD AHMED \ ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY BAHAWALPUR 1995 1 • V3R •• • PATTERN OF RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY IN BAHAWALFUMiCITY j Higher Education Commissiea4~ librar. , Islamabad 6\''> Acc. No. £0ÿ Price - Dale xa- , - ! ' *>« Ev --MASOOD AHMED r# GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY BAHAWALPUR. 1995 i J THIS TIIESIS SUBMITTED B MASOOD AHMED IS ACCEPTED BY THE GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY BALIAWAX *UR IN FULFILLMENT REQUIREMENTS FC l OF THI DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PFULOSOPHY IN GEOGRAPI Y E miiner - 1 Ev.uniner - II Dated: i I ;• -• i v * » : V . I*: v ) H a ,i « ;• !; ••• I- 0/ i i t //; Name of the Deneficient,the Merciful \ i A DEDICATED TO, MY V : : ;ÿ LA TE FA THER AND MOTH m t i i *< k i * i' t 3- n i i A : t . f) I’ V £ -i- a AClvNOWLEDGMENTS :-c I wish lo express my profound gratitude to Professor Dr. Muhammad Khar. Malik under whose guidance tliis research li3s been completed. His constan: * encouragement and advice were invaluable in the completion of tliis project Special gratitude is due to Prof. Mohammad Aklilcr, Head of Geography Department, Government S. E. College; Bahawal Pur forliis guidance and encouragement at every stage of my work. I extend my gratitude -lo Cliristina Aleph (Germany) for her cooperation in preparing the questionnaire and conducting the survey. I am very thankful to my students Muhammad Ibrar. Ijaz Ahmed, Muhammad Irshad for their help and cooperation in data collection. It gives me much pleasure to acknowledge the sweet company of my niece Hiunera Kamran and my nephew Ralunan Bashir during this long and laborious research work. My gratitude is also extended lo Tariq Najmuddin and Muhammad Murtaza Khan whose expertise with computer and cartography was very helpful in typing and map making. MASOOD AHMED Im : A -II- ABSTKACT Intra-urban residential mobility has evoked great interest in the Western V. >rld. Tlie saint cannot be said about (he nou-Westem cities in Pakistan intra-urban inoveir, it of populatior of not a single city has been attempted. Hie present study on Bahawalpui ?ity is the firs study of its kind. No published data on intra-urban mobility of population is availal 'e in Pakistan Population Census of Pakistan has not touched this subject. Estate agenci and felephom V directories could have been helpful but not many persons take help of es.,.ie agencies fo purchase or taking of houses on rent. 'Hie facilities oftelephone are also et >yed by a smut A traction of population. Therefore the entire data for this study were ec .lected by fieh survey by questionnaire method. Attempt lias been made in this study to make a distinction between voluntary an involuntary moves. The aflects of age (life-cycle), sex, family size, occup dion, educatio Kr . level and increase on residential mobility have been investigated. The roi . of govenimci At and private agencies in generating intra-urban residential mobilily by ndertaking ne' j housing projects has been probed. Frequency, distance and direction of movements have -Sf 5 -III- also been studied. The role of urban stnicture on guiding residential mobility a::! the effects of residential mobility on urban structure have also been looked into. Bahawalpur is agrowing and expanding city. This study may help to plan the future ho.ising needs and the location of the housing projects. Estate agencies can guide the future nw.vers to plan their moves. It is expected that this study will open a new field of research in Pakistan i , A IV- I CONTENT Chapters r Chapter - 1 Pago No. INTRODUCTION Location 10 History II Some Important Dales 14 Population 22 Chapter - 2 i \ DATA SOURCES & METHODOLOGY 02 Field Survey 25 V Mobility Zone Sample Design 43 Chapter - 3 REASONS OF MOVEMENT Involuntary Moves . 48 Voluntary Moves 50 Personal Reasons 54 Chapter - 4 NUMBER INTERVAL AND DISTANCE OF MOVEMENT 59 Number of Moves 60 Time Interval — 69 Annual Move 76 Ni Distance of Movement - 81 r* l ( r i; i W • » • I'- i : j -V- Chapt ev - 5 DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT - 93 Movement from diflerent zones 93 Movement ofHouseholds from Zone I to Other Zones 99 Movement ofHousehold fonn Zone II to Other Zones — 104 Movement ofHousehold form Zone HI to Other Zones— 107 C' Movement of Household from Zone IV to Other Zones — 114 Redistribution ofHousehold horn Zone V to Ollier Zones— 115 Chapter - 6 AGE, SEX AND FAMILY SIZE OF INTRA-URABN MOVERS 116 Life Cycle — - 117 Stages ofLife Cycle - 117 Pre-child Stage - — 118 Child Bearing and Child Rearing Stage 121 Child Launching Stage - 123 Post Child Stage T 124 Family Size 127 Intra- urban Movement of Male and Female - — 130 » Chapter -7 OCCUPATION, INCOME, EDUCATION AND INTRA-URBAN RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY - 131 Occupation and Residential Mobility 131 Income and Residential Mobility 140 Education and Residential Mobility 148 Chapter - 8 URBAN STRUCTURE AND POPULATION MOBILITY 159 Urban Structure of Bahawalpur - 164 Commercial Area — 164 Specialized Market - 169 Regional Shopping Centres -170 Industrial Area.......— 176 Administrative Zones — 176 •v Education Centres 178 t- i \ • If i' • Ys ! t1 1 -VI- Health Centres 180 ; Religious Centres 185 Transport Terminals— 187 Residential Area 191 Conclusion — 195 i Chapter - 9 CONCLUSION 196 BIBLIOGRAPHY— 215 v * I? il » I % % -VII- ; LIST OF TABLES V ' ’• Tnble No. PageNo, cl 1.1 Population and Population Variation in Boliawalpur City. 19 II 3.1 Reasons for Residential Relocation in Bahawalpnr City 50 re: 4.2 Percentage of Intra-Unrab Moves in Bahawnlpur City 67 4.3 Percentage of Intra-Urban Movement by time Interval 71 mi. 4.4 Annual Movement in BaJiawolpur City 77 mM 4.5 Distance Covered by Movers in Bahawnlpur City 84 • 4.6 Short Distance Movement within Five Zones 87 ; 5.1 Movement ofHouseholds from different Zones . - of Baliavvalpur City 95 mm 5.2 Movement of households from Zone I to oilier Zones 97 5.3 Movement of households from Zone II to other Zones J06 . 5.4 Movement of households from Zone DI to qthor Zones 109 5.5 Movement of households from Zone IV to other Zones 111 !ÿ Movement of households from Zone V to other Zones 113 • 5.6 I:. • 6.1 Percentage ofhifra-Urbnn Movers by Age groups 120 6.2 Percentage of Intra-Urban Movement by family size 126 !'• 6.3 Percentage ofLitra-Urban Movement by sex 129 re- 7.1 Movement of Occupational Groups in Bahawnlpur City 135 7.2 Intra-Urban Movement of households by Income class 143 7.3 Educational Facilities in Bahawalpur City' 150 7.4 Literacy Ratio in different Zones 153 156 : 7.5 Movement of households by educational level ( • i - i urn if** v HIT i • b -VIII- LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Page No. 1.1 Populalion Variation 1901 to 1981 21 1.2 Density of Populalion 1981 22 ' 2.1 Residential Mobility Zones 27 2.2 Wards of the walled city , 30 2.3 Wards of Zones outside walled city 35 3.1 Reasons for Residential Reiocalion 52 4.1 Number ofMobile and Immobile households 64 4.2 * Mobile households i 65 4.3 Percentage of Intra-Urban Moves 68 4.4 Percentage of Intra-Urban Movement by time interval 72 4.4-a .Annual Movement 78 4.5 Distance Covered by Movers '’85 4.6 Short Distance Movement within Five Zones 88 4.7 Intra-Urban Movement of Households in walled city’ 90 4.8 Short Distance Movement 91 5.1 Percentage of Intra Zones and Intra Zones - Movement ofhouseholds 96 -• 5.2 Movement ofhouseholds from Zone 1 to other Zones 98 5.3 Movement ofhouseholds from Zone II to other Zone? 107 .. 5.4 Movement ofhouseholds from Zone III to oilier Zone.. 110 l 5.5 Movement of households from Zono IV to oilier Zone- 112 ‘ i : #3 -IX- f: 'ÿVi » 5.6 Movement ofhouseholds ii om Zone V lo pther Zones 114 6.1 Percentage of Intra Urban Movers by Age ( iroup 121 6.2 Percentage of Intra Urban Novement by family size- 127 $ % 7.1 Movement of Occupational Groups 138 $ 7.2 Intra-Urban Movement ofhouseholds by income classes 144 v v tu' 7.3 Intra-Urban Movement ofhouseholds by income classes 148 7.3-a Educational Facilities 151 7.4 Literacy Ratio 154 7.5 Movement ofhouseholds by educational level 157 8.1 Bahawalpur City Land Use 164 8.2 Commercial Centres 168 8.3 Bahawalpur Industries 176 8.4 Health facilities in Bahawalpur City 184 j? : I • If.- !• -X- LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS No. of Photo Pnge No. l.I-a Fareed Gate 10 1.1-b Alunedpnry Gale 10 1.2-a Bahawal GaraivPalace 13 1.2-b Noor Mehal 13 1.3-a Empress Bridge 15 1.3-b Sutluj Bridge 15 1.4-a Daulat Khana 17 1.4-b Sadiq Reading Libran,' 17 2.1 Chowk Abbasia 33 2.2 Bahawal Victoria Hospital 38 2.3 Chowk Fowara Located in Zone IH 41 3.1 Model Town “A” Planned Guzated Officers' Colony 57 4.1 Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Dubai Palace 62 4.2 Centre of the City (Chowk Bazar) 89 5.1-a Bus Stand Zone II 99 »• 5.1-b Wagon Stand Zone II 99 Baliawaipur Railway Station 101 if-, 5.2 t 5.3-a lslamia University 104 5.3-b Government Sadiq Egerton College 104 i- 137 % 7.1 Grain Market t * : 8.1 Chowk Bazar Central Commercial Area 166 t ** -r if— •_ -XI- 8.2 Fruit and Vegetable Market 169 8.3-a Regional Commercial Centre Hninatian (Hussain C'howk) 171 8.3-b One Unit C'howk Zone V 171 i; 8.4 Welcome Gate Shopping Centre 172 8.5 C’howk Abbasia Syraki C'howk 173 8.6 Industrial Area along Multan Road Industries in Model Town “BM 178 8.7 Sadiq Public School (Zone H) 180 8.8 Borstal Jail 182 8.9 Stadium and Zoo Zone IV 186 8.10 Eid Gha and Jamia Masjid Alsadiq 188 •:! 8.11 Bus Stand, Truck Stand 190 8.12 Shadra Colony 193 :-3 M -1- CIIAFTER 1 INTRODUCTION The movemeiil of households within urban areas is defined as re .dential mobility or intra-urban migration.