PUNJAB SANITATION AND NUTRITION IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (PSNIP)
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Final Report August 2018
Housing, Urban Development and Public Health Engineering Department
PUNJAB SANITATION AND NUTRITION IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (PSNIP)
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Final Report August 2018
Housing, Urban Development and
Public Health Engineering Department
Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Punjab Housing and Urban Development-Public Health Engineering Department (HUD PHED) and Government of Punjab (GoP) with the financial assistance of World Bank (WB) and technical support of UNICEF in Pakistan are planning to undertake Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP)reflected in Annual Development Program 2017-18 under Water Supply and Sanitation Sector .PSNIP is the part of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Program under stunting reduction program in 11 Districts of Multan, Bahawalpur and D.G. Khan Divisions. PHED hired an individual ESMF Consultant to fulfill World Bank Operational Policies and local environmental/social laws and to prepare Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for PSNIP at its inception stage via assessing the project’s environmental and social viability through various environmental components like air, water, noise, land, ecology along with the parameters of human interest and mitigating adverse impacts along with chalking out of guidelines, SOPs, procedure for detailed EA before and during project execution.
The program is fully aligned with SDGs, Punjab WASH Sector Development Plan (2014-24), Punjab Growth Strategy (2018) and Punjab Multi Sectoral Nutrition Strategy. The project has three components under GoP WASH and Stunting Reduction Program i.e. Component I- Open Defecation Free 3000 Villages in 11 districts of South Punjab, Component II-Safely Managed Total Sanitation Facilities, and Component III- Institutional Strengthening for Improved Service Delivery
COMPONENT I- OPEN DEFECATION FREE VILLAGES Main objective of this component is to construct latrine facilities within HHs premises on self-help basis through raising awareness among communities by adopting social mobilization process using methodology of Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) (earlier adopted under PATS) and promotion of health and hygiene practices in 3,000 villages. VOs are an integral part of project design who will be vested with decision making of the village and actively supporting social mobilization along with involving local NGOs (through hiring process) and utilizing the services of already existing Community Development Unit (CDU) at PHED. It will be the first initiative taken by NGOs/CDU towards CLTS to constitute VOs, if they do not exist already in some form. The VO will have the authority to maintain one female irtikai karkun and manage their funds provided as reward. A grant of Rs.200, 000 will be provided to each ODF village organization (discounting model villages) to invest in improving water and sanitation facilities or support poorest of the poor for constructing toilet facility as per the consent and decision of the VO. Under this component, missing set of latrines (boys and girl’s latrine with hand washing station) for at least one school in 1/3rd ODF village will also be provided in coordination with School Education Department. The project will only provide this facility for villages not covered under the previous project on missing school facilities.
COMPONENT II- SAFELY MANAGED TOTALSANITATION FACILITIES Under this project, 20 model villages will be created through provision of total sanitation facilities. The selected villages will be ODF with at least 400 HHs and those who have exhibited willingness based on the criteria defined by Project Management Unit (PMU).Under PSNIP, model villages will be equipped with the following service delivery, i) Sewerage / covered drainage facility (external component only) with small scale treatment unit for liquid waste management; ii) A robust BCC
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.ii Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary campaign; iii)Fixing waste bins in streets with the provision of small carriage facility like manual push cart @ one per village for solid waste management and where VO has employed staff for solid waste management; iv)Provide missing set of latrine (boys and girl’s latrine with hand washing station) for at least one school for every Model village in coordination with School Education Department. The project will only provide this facility for villages not covered under their Project on missing school facilities; v) Provide drinking water facility to each model village through ongoing initiatives of Punjab Saaf Pani Company; vi)Provide free Livestock vaccination upon attainment of animal segregation and waste management, (where possible) through coordination with Livestock Department’s ongoing initiative.
COMPONENT III- INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING FOR IMPROVED SERVICE DELIVERY
Program Management: The component will support all aspects of project management including: a) management and coordination, b) monitoring and evaluation, c) technical assistance, and d) grievance redress system. The expected outcome of this component is an effective and transparent project management system. The main functions and activities will be to: (a) provide overall governance and direction to the project; (b) regularly monitor and analyze the overall and component specific quality and pace of implementation, ESMF compliance, budget and expenditures, and address any issues, bottlenecks, and gaps to ensure that progress in project implementation is on track; and (c) strengthen project communication and knowledge management.
Capacity Building & Coordination: An independent firm will be hired by the project to build capacity at all key tiers: province, district, and village levels. Capacity building will include trainings and exposure visits. Meetings to ensure coordination amongst all project entities will be held periodically through the life of the project.
Monitoring, Evaluation, & Knowledge Management: Monitoring of project activities will be closely linked to an IT platform developed under the project. This platform, which will include mobile-based monitoring and applications, will be developed at the PMU to be utilized for several purposes: a) awareness raising through dissemination of information, virtual training, and communications, b) community feedback and complaint redressal mechanism, c) daily monitoring of project activities, and d) generating reports to inform project implementation. This Platform will be accessible to, and utilized by all tiers – at the provincial, district, and village levels to allow for open and transparent monitoring and accountability of project activities and achievements. Smart monitoring devices (cell phones linked with the GIS based monitoring System at PMU), will be provided to field staff, VWCs, and Irtikai Karkun. All villagers will be able to connect to the IT platform to register complaints through mobile text messaging. The PMU will have the overall responsibility for M&E, but institutions at both the district level (DMU) and village levels (VO) will also be monitoring project activities guided by their respective roles and responsibilities. Independent firms will be recruited to carry out the baseline, midline, and end line for the project. Separate Third Party Evaluations (TPEs) will also be commissioned under the project
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PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND OUTPUTS The project aims to reduce stunting by improving nutrition status through ensuring access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all women, men and children and substantially reduce open defecation in rural areas of 11 Districts of southern Punjab by 2021. The major objectives and stipulated outputs of the program are:
Promote knowledge, behavior change, demand for services and opportunities for participation in rural communities including children, women and men to create Open Defecation Free (ODF) environment and increase public awareness about water borne and water-related diseases, nutrition and hygiene. Through the project implementation, 3000 revenue villages will be certified ODF; 300,000 toilets will be constructed by community on self-help basis; 5 million populations will be reached through awareness sessions of village organizations; and 3000 ODF revenue villages provided cash reward of Rs.200, 000. The incentive will be used by VOs for improving WASH infrastructure or supporting poorest of the poor, where needed. Creating healthy and safe environment through provision of safely managed total sanitation facilities (sewerage / drainage / wastewater treatment / solid waste bins). 20 ODF villages will be provided sewerage / drainage / wastewater treatment facility / solid waste bins; 100,000 people in 20 model villages will gain access to safely managed total sanitation facilities; and missing set of latrine (boys and girl’s latrine with hand washing station) for at least one school for every ODF village. This will be done in coordination with School Education Department. The project will only provide this facility for villages not covered under their Project on missing school facilities. Drinking water facility will be provided to each of the model villages through ongoing initiatives of Punjab Saaf Pani Company. Animal segregation areas and waste management will be promoted through advocacy and free vaccination promoted to those in compliance through coordination with Livestock Department’s ongoing initiative. A multi-purpose room on community provided land will be constructed in all Model Villages for Communal gatherings and to strengthen the Village Organizations. Through institutional capacity enhancement program, service delivery in three interconnected areas i.e. program management, capacity building and coordination and monitoring evaluation and knowledge management will be strengthened. REGULATORY REVIEW Punjab Environmental Protection Act 2012 being as principle legislation of environmental protection in Punjab Province envisages protection, improvement, conservation and rehabilitation with the help of legal action against polluters and green awakening of communities. The discharge or emission of any effluent, waste, air pollutant or noise in an amount, concentration or level in excess of the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQSs) specified by the Punjab Environment Protection Agency (PEPA) has been prohibited under the Act. According to Section 11 of Punjab Environment Protection Act,2012:Prohibition of certain discharge or emissions-(1) “no person shall discharge or emit or allow the discharge or emission of any effluent or waste or air pollution or noise in an amount ,concentration or level which is in excess of the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards” whereas according to the section 12 of Punjab Environment Protection Act,2012:Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment-(1)” No proponentof a project
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.iv Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with the Provincial Agency an Initial Environmental Examination or where the project is likely to cause an adverse environmental effect,an Environmnetal Impact Assessment and has obtained from the Provincial Agenct approval in respect thereof”.According to a notification issued by Planning and Development Department,Government of the Punjab No.35(231)R.O(COORD)P&D/2007,dated 21st March,2007: “In case of development projects having environmental implications,an environmental impact assessment (EIA) report should invariably be submitted alongwith the project document at the time of getting approval”
In the context of Section 11 and 12 of Punjab Environment Protection Act,2012,as new construction of paved roads,sewerage system,oxidation pond and toilets will be involved in Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) ,therefore an integrated EIA Report will be required to be submitted with Punjab EPA and obtain approval of the same before the project commencement.
Location and design of the sub-projects to be undertaken under PSNIP are not known yet; therefore a framework approach has been being taken to carry out environmental and social assessment of these subprojects. Under this approach, the present ESMF/RPF has been prepared to identify the potential generic negative environmental and social impacts, propose generic mitigation measures, provide basic screening criteria, list the type of safeguard instruments to be developed and provide institutional, monitoring, reporting and documentation measures for environmental and social safeguards compliance.
The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. As per World Bank’s OP 4.01: (7) Depending on the project, a range of instruments can be used to satisfy the Bank's EA requirement: environmental impact assessment (EIA), regional or sectoral EA, Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA), environmental audit, hazard or risk assessment, environmental management plan (EMP) and environmental and social management framework (ESMF). Therefore, this ESMF will be prepared to fulfill Bank’s EA requirements and Operational Policies.
WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL POLICIES (OPS) TRIGERRED DURING PSNIP SUB-PROJECTS EXECUTION AND THEIR MANAGEMENT UNDER ESMF
OP 4.01- Environmental Assessment: The Project intends to finance a variety of types of small- scale interventions (e.g. sewerage/covered drainage and small scale waste water treatment facility in 20 Model Villages, toilets and hand washing stations in schools, construction of paved roads/sollings in 20 Model Villages and construction of community rooms in 20 villages).The ESMF checklist is designed to identify these potential impacts, and direct communities and project teams to practical ways of avoiding or mitigating them .Under ESMF procedures, If project screening will identify the potential environmental impacts of adverse nature then a more detailed document i.e. Environmental and Social Management Plan(ESMP)will be prepared before the project application can be considered further.
As per project’s strategic design, construction of one community room and oxidation pond for waste water treatment facility will be executed in 20 Model Villages and it will possible only in those
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.v Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary villages where community land will be available on voluntary basis. For the purpose, Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) procedures as adopted by WB Operation Policies and Guidelines will be applicable
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK METHODOLOGY The ESMF report presents the regulatory review, secondary social and environmental review of 11 project districts, baseline data collected for air, water, land, biological and socio-economic components of environment, identification, prediction and evaluation of generic impacts and preparation of ESMF with Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for mitigation of adverse impacts that may arise due to the proposed project interventions.
SAMPLE BASED SUEVEY IN 25 VILLAGES OF 11 DISTRICTS FOR BASELINE DATA COLLECTION For preparation of ESMF, a sample based survey (SBS) was carried out in 25 villages of 11 project districts of South Punjab (Khanewal, Multan, Vehari, Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Layyah, Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur, Muzaffargarh, D.G.Khan and Bahawalnagar) to collect primary information for the sub- projects. Profile of each village was made during the SBS depicting varied baseline conditions.70-90 % of the population in the villages defecates in open. Availability of safe drinking water is another issue being faced by the villagers as ground water is brackish only limited pockets are of sweet water. Ratio of water and sanitation borne diseases is very high. Illiteracy and unemployment seemed to be the major reason of poverty in villages. Villages where water supply schemes run by VOs under PHED are supplying water are relatively in better conditions as compared to the villages where villagers are using hand/motor pumps.
Partially all of the villages particularly in Bahawalnagar, D.G Khan, Muzaffargarh and Rajanpur districts are subjected to waterlogging and salinity and water shortages for drinking as well as for irrigation purposes. Sugarcane is the major crop in throughout southern part while Bahawalnagar has cotton as major crop.
STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS Stakeholder consultation sessions were carried out with (i) local communities who are the direct beneficiaries of the project interventions and (ii) institutions that have an important role in enabling the realization of the project interventions. These consultations have revealed that the proposed project PSNIP is considered to have a positive social impact by improving sanitation while eradicating open defecation as well as provision of waste water treatment facility to enhance the agricultural productivity. Communities were of the view that i)interventions under PSNIP can change villagers’ health and environment and can save children from diseases ii) people were aware that diseases are cause due to unhygienic conditions but find it very difficult for them to build toilets due to lack of financial resources and poor disposal of waste water, iii) several community members were expected to be provided financial assistance for the construction of latrines, iv) due to water scarcity in some districts, fertile lands are not being used for major crops production, v) farmers were interested to shift their source of livelihoods to some other alternatives as they were of the view that only land owners are taking the benefits and poor farmers have not enough resources to
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.vi Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary educate their children or improve their quality of life, vi) women in open defecation villages have to face many problems and they desired to have toilets at their home .
Consultation with institutions revealed that i) different environmental and socio-economic conditions of the target districts calls for localized management plans to implement the environmental and socio-economic targets, ii) training and capacity-building components must be imparted for implementation and monitoring of community-based environmental protection, iii) existing project should be designed to ensure rigorous periodic awareness and sensitization sessions, iv) clean water should be ensured as a basic need, v) lesson learning from previous projects and ground realities must be incorporated for future interventions, vi) available technologies of latrine construction should be carefully revised for social and environmental implications, and vii) coordination amongst various stakeholders at all levels to enable knowledge-sharing, incorporation of lessons learnt and harmonization of project execution at the field level.
IMPACT ASSESSMENT Most of the Project’s environmental and social impacts will be beneficial, including for example the positive effect on health by the reduction in Diarrhea and sanitation related diseases and the associated socio-economic benefits, considerable behavior change activities at community and district levels, and improved skillset (particularly benefiting females) and good sanitation and hygiene conditions. The potential negative environmental and social impacts of the project are i) construction related localized and short-term impacts such as air and water pollution, noise generation, drainage and safety hazards etc. and these impacts require appropriate mitigation and management measures to contain them.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT Under ESMF procedures, each subproject will be screened for the severity and extent of environmental and social impacts. All the subprojects will be screened through an environmental rapid assessment checklist and those having negligible environmental and or social impacts will required no further assessment. Subprojects having some negative but localized environmental and or social impacts will require a generic Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) to be prepared. For sub-projects requiring land donation, Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) Checklist will be used
RECOMMENDATIONS UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION PLAN Subproject Siting to any sensitive area
It will be ensured through screening checklist that the subprojects avoid to be executed in any ecologically sensitive areas, or in areas having Physical Cultural Resources (PCRs) and involving any involuntary resettlement. Involuntary Resettlement Screening Checklist will be used to check the land belongs to the school or Government land or have donated through VLD procedures and is free from any dispute.
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Village Organizations and Punjab School Education Department will be taken onboard for the identification construction site in schools. The subprojects related to sewerage/covered drainage and construction of paved road/sollings will be established on the land owned by Government while community land through VLD process will be utilized for small scale waste water treatment/oxidation pond facility and construction of a community room and HHs toilets will constructed by the community at their own inside their homes. However, private land if acquired where VLD will not be possible, the RPF as part of this report will be applied. Complete documentation will be maintained for VLD and RPF. Valuation and compensation of affected assets of community should be in line with RPF/Sub-projects ARAPs/RAPs and considered before the field activities. Community consultations will be carried out before establishing the sites.
Unsuitable toilet construction may lead to water contamination During behavior change activities in the communities, environment friendly designs of toilets (suitable for that specific area) will be disseminated within the communities as a guide and unfriendly design impacts shall be communicated. Monitoring shall be made during project life cycle to check the sustainability of implemented interventions. Flush toilets should not be encouraged in areas under the project where water is scarce and in dry season. It will be ensured to provide these site specific provisions in toilets construction guidelines by the PMU. Pit Sludge Management Sludge Management should be made part ESMPs of each sub-project. Sludge after emptying the tanks/pits should be landfilled safely and at proper location and left for degradation. During behavior change activities in the communities, this aspect will be communicated and awareness raising workshops will be conducted in communities.
Water, Air and Noise Pollution during and after construction activities Water contamination hazards must be addressed in all the sub-projects by avoiding solid waste disposal in surface water and location wise design/technology options to avoid ground water contamination Water quality testing before, during and after sub-projects(according to the nature and extent of water pollution issues)should be the part of ESMP mitigation plan Air and noise pollution issues will also be emerged during machinery/equipment operations and it should be minimized by adopting proper mitigation measures Health and Safety Hazards for the workers/labor Awareness and capacity building of labor/workers will be ensured. WB Group’s EHS Guidelines will be implemented as appropriate. Use of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) will be mandatory while construction activities. Impacts on Women, Children, and Vulnerable Groups Women’s participation is already included in project interventions like irtakai karkun
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Women consultation as the major project beneficiaries will also be considered throughout the project activities. Environmental screening checklist will provide first stage information about impacts on poor, women and other vulnerable groups including needs and priority for social and economic betterment; IPs and VOs will ensure the active participation of women in project interventions as well as adequately consulted. In awareness raising and BCC campaign, women share should be more compared to men. Ensure participation of vulnerable groups in project activities through consultations, to ensure planned investments take the well-being of such groups into consideration IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM Project Director at PMU based in PHED head office will be overall responsible for the implementation of ESMF compliance throughout the project life. Project Coordinator will coordinate with the Implementing Partners (IPs) and the District WASH Coordination Committee (DWCC) of each district will take the prime responsibility to ensure the ESMF implementation across the district and reports to the PD. Environmental Safeguards Specialist (ESS) and Capacity &Social Development Specialist (CSDS) will be hired by the Secretary under PMU, who will assist PD to implement ESMF in letter and spirit. Both specialist will directly be responsible for subproject screening, development of subproject specific ESMPs and their implementation, ensure VLD procedures implementation /documentation, environmental and social trainings, internal monitoring and progress reporting. A District Management Unit (DMU) at each district level will be established under Executive Engineer (Xen) and existing Community Development Officers (CDOs) of each district will be designated as Environmental and Social Focal Persons (ESFPs) by PD-PMU for each district for the implementation of Environmental and social/resettlement issues, addressing grievances, conduct stakeholders consultations and coordination and reporting to Project Director.6 Community Based Mobilizers (CBMs) will work under one CDO/ESFP for community mobilization ,social activities and BCC campaign and where there are CBMs not available, local NGOs will be hired as IPs for the same job of CBMs. IPs/NGOs will work under their respective DMU and will support community participation, consultations and other social activities from the sub-project identification to completion stage.
Monitoring Mechanism under ESMF: ESMF monitoring will be carried out to ensure that the mitigation plans are regularly and effectively implemented. It will be carried out at three levels i.e.at the PMU level, district level and at field level. At the provincial level, the ESS and CSDS will carry out ESMF monitoring to ensure that the mitigation plans are being effectively implemented, and will conduct field visits on a regular basis. The District Monitoring Unit (DMU) will be responsible for ESMF implementation monitoring and evaluation at district level. The DMU will also conduct consultation with communities especially women. IPs will carry out monitoring at field level.
TRAINING MECHANISM ESMF implementation will require comprehensive trainings, demonstrations & long-term sustainability. The environmental & social aspects identifications and mitigations integrated with the PSNIP trainings will equip the project facilitators for a keen sight of project component related environmental issues and their solutions. The trainings will include but not be limited on the subject
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.ix Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary of responsible social mobilization and eco-friendly approach for appropriate and feasible toilet construction with immediate and long- term solutions for waste and waste water disposal.
ESS and CSDS will be responsible for designing and executing social and environmental awareness and ESMF trainings. They will also be responsible for preparing the reports for each of the trainings conducted by various project units. ESFPs will be responsible for the overall implementation of training plan at district level and will also ensure proper relevant documentation. Additionally, IPs will be responsible to provide trainings to their field staff and workers under supervision of ESFPs and they will also document the trainings.
GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) In an effort to bring transparency and accountability, the use of a dedicated mobile application has been proposed for reporting of grievances from field level to district and provincial level. This will not only provide a coherent system of checks and balances but will also enable swift redressal and effective monitoring of complaints. The PMU will serve as the Secretariat for the Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC-PMU) at provincial level that will be responsible for providing oversight on the entire GRM process at a strategic level and monitoring of complaints management. Grievance Focal Points (GFPs), which will be the ambassador of change and educated people from each community on each sub-project site. Two GFPs (1 male and 1 female) will be selected for each sub- project locations and will be community members who are easily approached by the community. A Public Complaints Center (PCC), which will be responsible to receive, log, and resolve complaints at VOs level. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC-District) will be established for each district under DMU that will manage GRM aspects for all sub-project locations in each district including decisions to be taken, actions and monitoring of complaints resolution at sub-project level. The ESFPs will play an instrumental role in steering the GRC functions at the district levels.
Grievance Focal Persons will be trained to address grievances on the spot to discourage lengthy procedures and inconvenience to the local community. However, where the case cannot be dealt with by GFPs on an ad-hoc basis, GFPs will use smart phones to lodge and communicate those complaints at the district and directorate levels. The Grievance Redress Committee at the district level will review and identify actions to be taken to address the complaints at its weekly meeting. Also, Public Complaints Center (PCC), which will be responsible to receive, log, and resolve complaints via its number(s) disseminated in local DC offices. If not satisfactorily resolved by the PCC at village level, complaints will be transferred to GRC-District and if not resolved there, the grievance will be referred to consideration by GRC-District to the PMU level within one week. Every effort will be made to address or resolve grievances within the following fixed time-lines, which will be an indicator against the performance of the handling system. Acknowledgement of a written submission will be issued to the complainant within three working days. If the complainant is not satisfied, the complaint will have the option to seek redress through court of law.
ESMF IMPLEMENTATION COST The total cost of the ESMF implementation has been estimated to be about Pak Rupees 15 Million. This includes costs of 04 years’ salary of ESS and CSDS, trainings, frequent field visits, Third Party Validation, and ESMP preparation for individual subprojects. This cost is included in the overall project cost.
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RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF) The Resettlement Policy Framework which is a part of this ESMF will only apply to interventions where land may be acquired for small-scale interventions that cannot be acquired through Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) procedures. Anyhow, PMU at PHED will completely avoid land acquisition. Whereas for construction of small scale waste water treatment facility/oxidation pond and construction of a community room, community land will be required on donation basis and PMU will interact with the land owners and facilitate voluntary donation of land required for taking up sub- projects under the project. Under no circumstances, the titleholder shall be subjected to any pressure, directly or indirectly, to part with the land. These actions are expected to minimize adverse impacts on the local population and help in project benefits reaching all sections of community. The PMU will ensure that the process of voluntary donation of land is meticulously documented to avoid confusions, misunderstandings, litigations, etc. at a later stage. A protocol and format for this purpose is provided under VLD protocol.
If land will need to be acquired other than VLD, procedure described in Resettlement Policy Framework of this ESMF will be implemented. A Resettlement Unit will be formed under PMU and it will have the overall responsibility for implementation of all resettlement tasks. The PMU will be assisted by CSDS and land acquisition/resettlement consultant for implementation of RAPs. The CSDS will oversee and direct all the activities during the implementation of RAPs. ESFPs at the district level will be responsible for implementing the RAP according to the agreed principles and procedures. The Executive District Officer of Revenue Department, along with his staff, will be responsible for the acquisition of private land under Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The ESFPs will be responsible for coordination with the Revenue Department.
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هختصش خالصہ
پىجبة سیىی ٹیشه ایىد ویوٹریشه امپروومىٹ پراجیکٹ مبحولیبتی اور سمبجی اوتظبمی ڈھبوچہ(ESMF)
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ہبؤسىگ ، اربه ڈویلپمىٹ ایىد پبلک ہیلتھ اوجىئیروگ ڈیپبرٹمىٹ، حکومت پىجبة
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.i Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary
حکومت پىجبة اور پىجبة ہبؤسىگ و اربه ڈیولپمىٹ پجلک ہیلتھ اًدٌئیشًگ ڈیپبسٹوٌٹ (HUD-PHED) ًے زکوهت پٌدبة، ػبلوی ثٌک اوس یوًیغف کی هبلیبتی و تکٌیکی هؼبوًت عے پٌدبة عیٌیٹیؾي ایٌڈ ًیو ٹشیؾي اهپشووهٌٹ پشاخیکٹ(PSNIP)پش ػول دسآهذ ؽشوع کیب ہے خو کہ زکوهت پٌدبة کے عبالًہ تشلیبتی هٌصوثے (ADP 2017-18) کب ثھی زصہ ہے۔ پٌدبة عیٌیٹیؾي ایٌڈ ًیوٹشیؾي اهپشووهٌٹ پشاخیکٹ پبًی و صست و صفبئی کے پشوگشام (WASH) کب زصہ ہے خو کہ اط عے پہلے هلتبى، ثہبولپوس اوس ڈیشٍ غبصی خبى هیں ؽشوع کیب گیب تھب۔ هوخودٍ پشاخیکٹ کے عوبخی و هبزولیبتی اًتظبهی ڈھبًچے کی تؾکیل کے لئیے پٌدبة ہبؤعٌگ و اسثي ڈیولپوٌٹ۔پجلک ہیلتھ اًدٌئیشًگ ڈیپبسٹوٌٹ ًے ایک اًفشادی کٌغلٹٌٹ (Individual Consultant)کی خذهبت زبصل کیں تبکہ وٍ وسلڈ ثٌک کی آپشیؾٌل پبلیغیوں (OPs) اوس همبهی عوبخی و هبزولیبتی لواًیي کی تکویل اوس ػول دسآهذ کے لئیے ازتیبطی تذاثیش اوس هٌفی اثشات عے تذاسک کے عبتھ عبتھ ایک عشثشاٍ الئسہ ػول ثشائے هبزولیبتی تدشثہ کشًے کب طشیمہ کب س وضغ کشے خو کہ اط هٌصوثے کے دوساى اوس ثؼذ هیں اپٌبیب خب عکے۔ یہ هبزولیبتی و عوبخی اًتظبهی ڈھبًچہ اط هٌصوثے پہ ػول دسآهذ عے پہلے ثٌبیب خب سہب ہے خظ هیں اط پشاخیکٹ کے هٌفی هبزولیبتی اوس عوبخی هغبئل خو کہ پشاخیکٹ کی تکویل اوس ثؼذ هیں پیؼ آ عکتے ہیں کب ازبطہ کشتب ہے اوس اى کے زل کے لئیے تدب ویض پیؼ کشتب ہے۔ پٌدبة عیٌی ٹیؾي ایٌذ ًیوٹشیؾي اهپشووهٌٹ پشاخیکٹ(PSNIP) هکول طوس پش Sustainable Development Goalsاوس پٌدبة واػ عیکٹش تشلیبتی هٌصوثے )8108-01(۔ پٌدبة گشوتھ عٹشیٹیدی )8102(اوس پٌدبة کثیشالؼاللبئی الئسہ ػول ثشائے غزائیت (PMSNS) عے هٌغلک ہے۔ اط پشاخیکٹ کے تیي زصے ہیں۔ )i( زصہ اول کھلے هیذاى هیں سفغ زبخت عے پبک دیہبت ،خظ کب خٌوثی پٌدبة کے گیبسٍ اضالع هیں اطالق ہو گب۔ )ii( زصہ دوم صست وصفبئی کی هکول عہولیبت )iii( زصہ عوم اداسوں کی هضجوطی و آگبہی کے لیے پشوگشام (i) حصہ اول کھلے میدان میں رفغ حبجت سے پبک دیہبت: خظ کب خٌوثی پٌدبة کے گیبسٍ اضالع هیں اطالق ہو گب۔ اط زصے کب ثٌیبدی همصذ خٌوثی پٌدبة کے گیبسٍ اضالع کےتی ن ہ زار
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.ii Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary
)3111( دیہبتوں هیں گھشیلو عطر پش لیٹشیي کی تؼویش ہے۔گھشیلو عطر پش ہبؤط ہولڈص (HHs) کے لیول پہ اپٌی هذ د آپ کے تست ہش گھش هیں لیٹشیي کی تؼویش عے صست و صفبئی کے ثٌیبدی اصولوں کب زصول هوکي ہو عکے گب۔ پٌدبة عیٌی ٹیؾي ایٌذ ًیوٹشیؾي اهپشووهٌٹ پشاخیکٹ (PSNIP)کے تست گھشیلو عطر پش هشد و خواتیي ثؾوول ثچوں کو صست و صفبئی کے ثٌیبدی اصولوں عے آگبہی کب وعیغ پیوبًے پش پشوگشام ػولذسآهذ کشایب خبئے گب۔ دیہبتی تٌظیویں (VOs) اط هٌصوثے کب ثٌیبدی زصہ ہیں خو کہ دیہبت کی عطر پش صست و صفبئی عے هتؼلك تؼلین و آگبہی پشوگشام هیں هتسشک کشداس ادا کشیں گی۔ اط کے عبتھ عبتھ همبهی غیش عشکبسی تٌظیووں (NGOs)کو ثھی اط پشوگشام کب زصہ ثٌبیب خبئے گب خو کثیش الومبصذ ػلن و آگبہی پشوگشام هیں فؼبل کشداس ادا کشیں گی۔ دیہبتی تٌظیووں کو دو الکھ سوپے کی گشاًٹ هہیب کی خبئے گی خظ عے وٍ (ODF Certified) دیہبتوں هیں پبًی اوس صست و صفبئی کی ثٌیبدی ضشوسیبت ثہن پہٌچبًے کے لئیے غشیت تش ػوام کو هبلی هؼبوًت فشاہن کشیں گی۔ پٌدبة عیٌی ٹیؾي ایٌذ ًیوٹشیؾي اهپشووهٌٹ پشاخیکٹ (PSNIP) کے اط زصے کے تست (ODF Certified ) دیہبتوں کے عکولوں هیں ثھی لیٹشیٌوں کی تؼویشاوس ہبتھ دھوًے کی خگہوں کی تؼویش هوکي ثٌبئی خبئے گی۔ (ii) حصہ دوم صحت وصفبئی کی مکمل سہولیبت: پٌدبة عیٌی ٹیؾي ایٌذ ًیوٹشیؾي اهپشووهٌٹ پشاخیکٹ (PSNIP) کے زصہ دوم کے تست پچیظ هبڈل ویلدض ثٌبئے خبئیں گے خي هیں صست و صفبئی کی توبم تشعہولیبت کب زصول هوکي ہو عکے گب۔ هٌتخت کشدٍ دیہبت کھلے هیذاى هیں سفغ زبخت عے پبک ہوں گے اوس خي هیں کن اص کن چبس عو )111( افشادخبًہ ہوں گے اوس خو خود چبہیں گے اوس خو پٌدبة پجلک ہیلتھ اًدٌئیشًگ ڈیپبسٹوٌٹ هیں لبئن کشدٍ پشاخیکٹ هیٌدوٌٹ (PMU) کی همشس کشدٍ ؽشائظ پش پوسا اتشتے ہوں گے۔ اط پشاخیکٹ کے تست هبڈل ویلدض کو هٌذسخہ ریل عہولیبت پہٌچبئی خبئیں گی۔ )i( عیویشیح و ثٌذ ڈسیٌیح کی عہولت اوس اط کے عبتھ عبتھ چھوٹے پیوبًے پش فبضل پبًی کی ٹشیٹوٌٹ کب یوًٹ لگبیب خبئے گب۔ )ii( ایک کثیشالدہتی تؼلین و آگبہی هہن )iii( دیہبتوں هیں عبلڈ ویغٹ کو ٹھکبًے لگبًے کے لئیے کوڑا داى لگبئے خبئیں گے اوس اط کے عبتھ عبتھ اى دیہبتوں هیں خہبں دیہبتی تٌظین ًے عٹبف سکھب ہو گب وہبں ہبتھ عے چلٌے والی کوڑا کشکٹ کی گبڑی هہیب کی خبئے گی۔ )iv( لڑکوں و لڑکیوں کے عکولوں هیں لیٹشیٌیں اوس ہبتھ دھوًے کی خگہیں تؼویش کی خبئیں گی اوس یہ کبم عکول ایدوکیؾي ڈیپبسٹوٌٹ کی هؼبوًت عے کیب خبئے گب۔
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.iii Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary
)v( زکوهت پٌدبة کے تست چلٌے والے پٌدبة صبف پبًی کوپٌی کے پشوگشام کے تست ہش هبڈل ویلح هیں صبف پبًی کی فشاہوی کو هوکي ثٌبیب خبئے گب۔ )vi( پٌدبة الئیو عٹبک کی هوخودٍ اصالزبت کے تست خہبں تک هوکي ہو عکے گب الئیو عٹبک کو هفت ویکغیٌیؾي هہیب کی خبئے گی۔ (iii) حصہ سوم اداروں کی مضبوطی و آگبہی کے لئیے پروگرام: پٌدبة عیٌی ٹیؾي ایٌذ ًیوٹشیؾي اهپشووهٌٹ پشاخیکٹ (PSNIP) کب زصہ عوم پشاخیکٹ هیٌدوٌٹ کے توبم پہلوؤں کب ازبطہ کشتب ہے۔خظ هیں هیٌدوٌٹ اوس کوآسڈیٌیؾي ، هبًیٹشًگ اوس ایویلیوایؾي ، تکٌیکی هؼبوًت اوس ؽکبیبت کے اصالے کب هظجوط ًظبم ؽبهل ہیں اط زصے عے اط هٌصوثے کو صبف و ؽفبف اوس هشثوط ًظبم کی تؾکیل دی خب عکے گی۔ اط زصے کے تست کپیغیٹی ثلڈًگ و کوآسڈیٌیؾي اوس هبًیٹشًگ و ایویلیوایؾي کے لئیے پٌدبة پجلک اًدٌئیشًگ ڈیپبسٹوٌٹ هیں ایک پشاخیکٹ هیٌدوٌٹ یوًٹ (PMU) کب لیبم ػول هیں الیب خبئے گب خظ کو ایک پشاخیکٹ ڈائشیکٹڑ چالئے گب۔ اط کے عبتھ عبتھ ہش ضلغ هیں ایک ڈعٹشکٹ هیٌدوٌٹ یوًٹ (DMU) ثٌبیب خبئے گباوس دیہبت کی عطر پش دیہبتی تٌظیووں کو فؼبل ثٌبیب خبئے گب۔ پشاخیکٹ کے اط زصے کے تست ایک ؽفبف و صبف هشثوط ًظبم کے لیبم کے لیے ایک GIS پش هؾتول هبًیٹشًگ عغٹن PMU هیں ثٌبیب خبئے گب خظ کے تست سوصاًہ کی ثٌیبد پش عوبسٹ فوًض کے رسیؼے هؼلوهبت پہٌچبئی خبئیں گی اوس ػوام کی ؽکبیبت کب اصالہ کیب خبئے گب۔ اط کے عبتھ عبتھ PMU کب پشوخیکٹ ڈائشیکٹڑ ایک تھشڈ پبسٹی کو پوسے هٌصوثے کی هبًیٹشًگ و ایویلیو ایؾي کے لیے ایک تھشڈپبسٹی کی خذهبت زبصل کشے گب۔ پراجیکٹ حتمی و غیر حتمی وتبئج: پٌدبة عیٌی ٹیؾي ایٌذ ًیوٹشیؾي اهپشووهٌٹ پشاخیکٹ (PSNIP) کب ثٌیبدی همصذخٌوثی پٌدبة کے گیبسٍ اضالع هیں صست و صفبئی کی هغبوی و یکغبں ثٌیبدوں پش فشاہوی ہے۔ خظ کے تست هشد و صى کو ثال تفیشیك و تمغین صست و صفبئی کی ثٌیبدی عہولیبت ثہن پہٌچبئی خبئیں گی۔ اط هٌصوثے کے ثٌیبدی همبصذ دسج ریل ہیں۔ (ػ(iلن و آگبہی اوس ؼؽوس پیذا کشًے کی هہن کے رسیؼے کھلے هیذاى هیں سفغ زبخت عے پبک دیہبتوں کب لیبم ػول هیں الًب۔ اط پشاخیکٹ کے تست پیٌتیظ عو دیہبتوں کو کھلے هیذاًوں هیں سفغ زبخت عے پبک ہوًے کب عشٹیفیکیٹ (ODF Certificate) دیب خبئے گب اوس تیي الکھ لیٹشیٌیں اپٌی هذد آپ کے تست تؼویش کی خبئیں گی اوس اط عے پبًچ هلیي کی آثبدی فیض یبة ہو گی۔ خجکہ ODF Certified 3011 دیہبتوں کو دو الکھ کی اهذاد دی خبئے گی خظ کے تست دیہبتی تٌظیویں
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.iv Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary
غشیت دیہبتیوں کو صست و صفبئی کی ثٌیبدی عہولتوں کے زصول کے لیے هبلی هؼبوًت فشاہن کشیں گی۔ (ii) ایک صست هٌذ اوس گٌذگی اوس هبزولیبتی آلودگی عے پبک دیہبتی ًظبم کب لیبم ػول هیں الًب اط هٌصوثے کب دوعشا ثڑا ثٌیبدی همصذ ہے۔ خظ هیں 80 هبڈل ویلدض کب لیبم ؽبهل ہے خٌہیں صست و صفبئی کی توبم تش اول و آخش عہولیبت (Total Sanitation Facilities) هہیب کی خبئیں گی اوس خي عے 80 دیہبتوں کے دط الکھ کے لشیت ػوام الٌبط فبئذٍ اٹھبئیں گے۔ (iii) اداسوں کی هضجوطی اوس تؼلین و آگبہی کے تست اداسوں کے کبم کو صبف و ؽفبف ثٌبیب خبئے گب اوس خذیذ خطوط پش اعتواس کیب خبئے گب۔ خظ کے تست کپیغیٹی ثلڈًگ کب خذیذ تشیي طشیمہ کبس اعتؼوبل هیں الیب خبئے گب۔ ضوابطی جبئزي: اط هٌصوثے کے صیبدٍ تش هبزولیبتی و عوبخی هغبئل هثجت اثشات کے زبهل ہیں خیغب کہ دیہبتیوں کی صست کو ثہتش ثٌبًب اوس ڈائشیب اوس گٌذے پبًی اوس گٌذگی کی وخہ عے ہو ًے والی ثیوبسیوں هیں کوی الًب اط کے عبتھ عبتھ تؼلین و آگبہی پشوگشام کے ثبػث صست و صفبئی کی خذیذ تؼلین کب ؼؽوس ثیذاس ہو گب۔ اط هٌصوثے کے تست هٌفی هبزولیبتی و عوبخی هغبئل ثہت کن اوس دسهیبًے دسخے کے ہیں خي کب تذاسک زفبظتی تذاثیش عے هوکي ثٌبیب خبئے گب او سیہ اط هبزولیبتی و عوبخی اوس اًتظبهی ڈھبًچے کب همصذ ثھی ہے۔ قبوووی جبئزي: پٌدبة اًوائشًوٌٹ پشو ٹیکؾي ایکٹ (PEPA, 2012) کے تست صوثے کب هبزولیبتی تسفع، ثہتشی، لبًوًی کبسوائی، آثب د کب س ی اوس آلودگی پھیالًے والوں کے خالف لبًوًی کبسوائی اوس هبزولیبتی آگبہی و ؼؽوس پیذا کشًب ؽبهل ہیں ۔ اط کے عبتھ عبتھ کغی ثھی لغن کے لیکوئیڈ یب عبلڈ فبضل هبدوں کب اخشاج خو پٌدبة کے همشس کشدٍ هبزولیبتی همذاس عے صیبدٍ ہوں ، لبثل لجول ًہیں ہو ں گے۔ پٌدبة عیٌی ٹیؾي ایٌذ ًیوٹشیؾي اهپشووهٌٹ پشاخیکٹ (PSNIP) کے تست ریلے هٌصوثہ خبت اثھی تک ًہ تو ریلی ثٌیبدوں پش تیبس ہوئے ہیں اوس ًہ ہی ولوع پضیش ہوئے ہیں۔ چٌبًچہ اى کب ڈھبًچہ اثھی عبهٌے ہے خظ کو هذ ًظش سکھتے ہوئے هبزولیبتی و عوبخی ًظبم کب ڈھبًچہ (ESMF) تیبس کیب گیب ہے۔ یہ (ESMF) اوس آثبدکبسی پبلیغی کبًظبم RPF اط طشذ تیبس کیب گیب ہے کہ هٌفی هبزولیبتی اوس عوبخی اثشات کی اصالزی تذاثیش پیؼ کی خبئیں اوس عبتھ عبتھ عکشیٌٌگ (screening) کے طشیمہ کبس کو وضغ کیب خب عکے ۔ اط کے ػالوٍ ازتیبطی ػٌبصش کی ؾًبًذہی ثھی کی خبئے اوس
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.v Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary
اداساتی ًگشاًی اوس دعتبویضی ػول کے رسیؼے ایک هبزولیبتی آلودگی عے پبک اوس عوبخی هضجوطی پش هجٌی ًظبم تؾکیل دیب خبئے۔ ػبلوی ثٌک کی آپشیؾٌل پبلیغیوں کبخبئضٍ لیٌے کے ثؼذ یو اًذاصٍ لگبیب گیب ہے کہ آپشیؾٌل پبلیغی ) (OP 4.12اط هٌصوثے هیں ٹشیگش ہوًے کب اهکب ى ہے اط لیے ہش ریلی هٌصوثے عے پہلے اط کی هبزولیبتی اوس عوبخی عکشیٌٌگ (screening) کی خبئے گی اوس هبزولیبتی اوس عوبخی هغبئل کی ًوػیت و عٌگیٌی کے پیؼ ًظش ایک دعتبویض ایٌواسًویٌٹ ایٌڈ عوؽل هیٌدوٌٹ پالى (ESMP) ثٌبیب خبئے گب۔ خجکہ ػبلوی ثٌک کی صهیي کی سضب کبساًہ ػطیہ کشًے کی پبلیغی کے تست ) (VLDکب ػطیہ کشًے کب ػول لیبم هیں الیب خبئے گب۔ ػبلمی بىک کب فؼبل الئحہ ػمل اور اوتظبم برائے:ESMF OP-4.01مبحولیبتی تجربہ : اط هٌصوثے کے تست هتؼذد چھوٹے پیوبًے کے ریلی هٌصوثوں کی هبلی هؼبوًت کی خبئے گہ خیغب کہ صًبًہ و هشداًہ عکولوں هیں ثیت الخال اوس ہبتھ دھوًے کی خگہوں کی تؼویش ، دیہبتوں هیں پختہ عڑکو ں اوس عولٌگ کی تؼویش، عیویشیح اوس ثٌذ ڈسیٌیح کی عہولت اوس چھوٹے پیوبًے پش فبضل پبًی کی ٹشیٹوٌٹ کے لئیے آکغیڈیؾي پوًڈص کی تؼویش اوس دیہبتی ػوام کے لیے ایک کویوًٹی سوم کب لیبم ؽبهل ہیں، ESMF Checklistاط طشذ تشتیت دی خبئے گی کہ یہ اى توبم ریلی هٌصوثوں کی تؼویش کے دوساى اوس ثؼذ هیں ہوًے والے عوبخی و هبزولیبتی هغبئل کب ازبطہ کشے گی اوس اى کب ثشاٍ ساعت هبزول پش یب لوگوں پش کغی لغن کے هٌفی اثش کے عذ ثبة کے لئیے تذاثیش اوس زل پیؼ کشے گی۔ مبحولیبتی اور سمبجی اوتطبم: ESMFکی سپوسٹ ضبثطوں کب خبئضٍ ،پبًی ،صهیي ،ہوا اوس عوبخی و هؼبؽی ثٌیبدی اػذاد و ؽوبس کب ازبطہ اوسخبئضٍ پیؼ کشتی ہے ۔خظ کے رسیؼے عے هٌفی اثشات کی ؾًبًذہی اوس تخویہ لگب کش سلن کو ریلی هٌصوثے کی هدووػی تخویے هیں ؽبهل کشًب ہے اط کے عبتھ عبتھ هٌصوثے کی کل الگت هیں ؽبهل کیب خبئے گب ۔ بىیبدی اػداد و شمبر کب یکجب کروب: پہلی اوس اثتذائی هؼلوهبت یکدب کی گئی ہیں اط کے لیے خٌوثی پٌدبة کے گیبسٍ اضالع کے پچیظ دیہبتوں هیں عیوپل عجٹیذ عشوے ثھی کیب گیبتھب ۔ہش ضلغ کب خبکہ اط عشوے هیں تیبس کیب گیب تھب خظ کے هطبثك 01عے 21%دیہبتی کھلے هیذاًوں هیں سفبئے زبخت کے لیے خبتے ہیں اوس اى کے گھشوں هیں ثیت الخالء کی عہولت هوخود ًہیں ہے ۔خجکہ صبف پبًی کی فشاہوی ثھی ایک ثہت ثڑا
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.vi Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary
هغئلہ ہے۔پیٌے کے لیے صبف پبًی ًہ ہوًے کے ثبػث ہیپبٹبئٹظ ،ڈائشیب ،گیغٹشو اوس خلذی ثیوبسیوں کب تٌبعت ثہت صیبدٍ ہے ۔صیبدٍ تش دیہبتوں هیں تؼلین کب فمذاى ہے اوس غشثت کی ًچلی عطر پش ہوًے کے ثبػث سوص گبس کے هوالغ هیغش ًہ ہوًب ثھی ایک ثٌیبدی هغئلہ ہے ۔کئی دیہبتوں هیں عین و تھوس کے ثبػث صهیٌیں لبثل کبؽت ًہیں خجکہ کچھ دیہبتوں هیں صسخیض ،صهیٌیں پبًی کی کوی کے ثبػث ثٌدش پڑی ہیں ۔ شراکت کبروں سے مشبورت: ؽشاکت کبسوں عے هؾبوست کب ثٌیبدی همصذ همبهی لوگ خوکہ هٌصوثے عے ثشاٍ ساعت هغتفیذ ہوں گے ،تدبویض ،اوس گزاسؽبت کو هٌصوثے کے ثٌیبدی همبصذ هیں ؽبهل کشًب اهپشوهٌٹ پشاخیکٹ (PSNIP)کے لیے ثٌبئے خبًے والےESMF کی تیبسی عے پہلے توبم ؽشاکت داسوں عے هؾبوست کی گئی تھی اوس اى کی تدبویض اوس گزاسؽبت کو اطESMF هیں ؽبهل کیب گیب ہے ۔ مبحولیبتی و سمبجی اثرات کب جبئزي: اط هٌصوثے کے تست دیگش ریلی هٌصوثوں کے اکثش هبزولیبتی اوس عوبخی اثشات هفیذ اوس هثجت ثبثت ہوں گے خیغب کہ صست پش هثجت اثشات خو کہ اصسبل هیں کوی کب ثبػث ہوں گے اعی طشذ دیگش ثیوبسیوں هیں کوی آئے گی خجکہ هٌفی اثشات هیں پبًی ،ہوا اوس هبزول پش اثشات اوس عوبخی هغبئل ؽبهل ہیں ۔ مبحولیبتی اور سمبجی اوتظبم: ESMFکے تست ہش ریلی هٌصوثہ هبزولیبتی اوس عوبخی اثشات کی ؽذت کو خبًچٌے اوس پشکھٌے والیChecklist کے تستScreening کے ػول عے گضسے گب وٍ ریلی هٌصوثے خي کے عوبخی و هبزولیبتی ًظبم پش کوئی خبطش خواٍ هٌفی اثشات هشتت ًہیں ہوں گے وRapid Assessmentٍ کے ػول عے گضاس لیے خبئیں گے اوس اى کے لیے هضیذ کوئی خبًچ ،پشکھ دسکبس ًہیں ہو گی خجکہ وٍ ریلی هٌصوثے خي کے عوبخی و هبزولیبتی ًظبم پش همبهی دسخے کے اوسًغجتبً کن دسخے کے هٌفی اثشات هشتت ہوں گے اى کے لیے هضیذ کبسوائی دسکبس ہوگی اوس ایک هبزولیبتی و عوبخی هٌصوثہ (ESMP)ثٌبیب خبئے گب خو کہ هٌفی عوبخی و هبزولیبتی ًتبئح کی ثشولت ؾًبًذہی کب خبئضٍ لے گب اوس زفبظتی تذاثیش اوس ثشولت تذاسک کب الئسہ ػول پیؼ کشے گب اوس زفبظتی تذاثیش و تذاسک پش خشچ ہوًے والی سلن اط ریلی هٌصوثے کی کل الگت هیں ؽبهل کی خبئے گی ۔ اط طشذ ایک سضبکبساًہ طوس پش صهیي کب ػطیہ کشًے کے لیے Cheek list اعتؼوبل کی خبئے گی اوس ػبلوی ثیٌک کے هشتت کشدٍ توب م سائح کشدٍ اصول و ضواثظ کے هطبثك دعتبویضات کغی ثھی ریلی هٌصوثے کی تؼویش عے پہلے تیبس کی خبئیں گی۔
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.vii Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary
مبحولیبتی و سمبجی اصالحی و احتیبطی تدابیر: ذیلی مىصوبہ کب جبئے وقوع کسی حسبس ػالقے میں ہووب: یہ ثبت اچھی طشذ عے اطویٌبى کی خبئے گی کہ ریلی هٌصوثہ کغی زغبط همبم پش ًہیں ہے اوس ًہ ہی وہبں کوئی آثبد کبسی کب ػول هٌصوثے کی کبسوائیوں کے ًیچے هیں ولوع پزیش ہوگب ۔ جبری وقل مکبوی و آببد کبری کیCheek List کب استؼمبل: ہش ریلی هٌصوثے کی پالًٌگ عطر پش کیب خبئے گب اوس اط ثبت کو یمیٌی ثٌبیب خبئے گب کہ همبهی پشائیوٹ صهیي سضبکبساًہ ػطیہ کشًے کے ػول کو صبف ؽفبف طشیمہ عے ػول هیں الیب خبئے اوس اعکی هبلکیتی زموق هیں کوئی تٌبصػہ ًہ ہو اوس ًہ ہی ایغب ہو کہ ػطیہ کش دیٌے کے ثؼذ هبلکبى کے پبط کوئی صهیي ثبلی ًہ سہے اوس ًہ ہی وٍ غشیت ًچلی عطر پش سٍ سہے ہوں ۔ دیہی تٌظیووں (VOs) اوس همبهی غیش عشکبسی تٌظیووں کی هذدعے ضلؼی عطر پش لبئن کشدٍ DMVsکی صیش هؼبوًت و عشپشعتی صهیٌوں کی ؾًبًذہی کی خبئے گی اوس یہ پٌدبة پجلک ہیلتھ اًدیشًگ ڈیپبسٹوٌٹ هیں لبئن کشدٍ PMV هیں هوخود کیپٹی ایٌڈ عوؽل ڈیولپوٌٹ عپیلغٹ (CSDS)اًدبم دے گب ۔ هٌفی عوبخی اثشات اگش اى هیں ًمل هکبًی و آثبدی کبسی ؽبهل ہو تو اط صوست هیں ًمل هکبًی کب ػولذاس آهذی هٌصوثہ (RAP) ثٌبیب خبئے گب۔خوRPF کے هطبثك ہو گب اوس اط کی توبم تش الگت ریلی هٌصوثے کی کل الگت هیں ؽبهل کی خبئے گی ۔ صهیٌی ،پبًی اوس ہوائی آلودگی کے تذاسک کے لیے زفبظتی تذاثیش اپٌبئی خبئیي گی ۔ہش ریلی هٌصوثے کی تؼویش و تشلی کے دوساى کبم کشًے والے هضدوسوں اوس لیجش کی پیؾہ واساًہ صست و صفبئی اوس زفبظتی اصولوں پش هجٌی گبئیڈ الئٌض (OHS Guidelines) اعتؼوبل کی خبئیں گی ۔ ہش ریلی هٌصوثے کی تؼویش عے پہلے دیہی تٌظین کی هؼبوًت عے همبهی لوگوں عے هؾبوست کی خبئے گی ۔پبًی کی آلودگی عے ثچٌے کے لیے ہش هوکي زفبظتی تذاثیش اپٌبئی خبئیں گی اوس کغی هٌفی اثش کب خبئضٍ لیٌے کے لیے ریلی هٌصوثے کے ؽشوع ہوًے عے پہلے ،دوساى اوس ثؼذ هیں پبًی کب تدضیہ کیب خبئے گب ۔ وظبم برائے تدارک شکبیبت ػواهی ؽکبیبت کے اصالے اوس دھوکہ دہی و کشپؾي کے خبتوے کے لیےPMU اوس ضلؼی عطر پش اوس دیہی تٌظین کی عطر پش ؽکبیبت کے اصالے کب ًظبم(GRM) هشتت کیب خبئے گب خو کہ ہش لغن کی ؽکبیبت کب ثشولت تذسک کے لیے فؼبل کشداس ادا کشے گب ۔
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.viii Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Executive Summary
مبویٹروگ کب وظبم: ESMFکی اًذسوًی عطر پش لبئن پجلک ہیلتھ اًدشیٌگ ڈیپبسٹوٌٹ کے تست چلٌے والے یوًٹظ کشیں گے خجکہ ثیشوًی طوس پش ایک تھشڈ هبًیٹش کے طوس پشPMU هیں هوخود پشاخیکٹ ڈائشیکٹش ،اًوائشًوٌٹ عیف گبسڈ ص عپیلغٹ(ESS) اوس کیپٹی ایٌڈ عوؽل ڈویلپوٌٹ عپیلغٹ(LSDS) کی هؼبوًت ط تھشڈ پبسٹی ویلیڈیؾي(TPV) کشائے گب ۔ آببد کبری پبلیسی کب ڈھبوچہ: اطESMF هیں آثبد کبسی و ًمل هکبًی عے ہوًے والے هٌفی اثشات کب خبئضٍ اوس تذاسک کے لیے آثبد کبسی پبلیغی کب ڈھبًچہ(RPF) ثھی ثٌبیب گیب ہے خو کہ کغی ثھی لغن کے هٌفی عوبخی هغبئل خو ہش لغن کی ٹوٹ پھوٹ عے لے کش اساضی کے اعتؼوبل تک ہو عکتے ہیں ، کی صوست هیں هبلی هؼبوًت کب طشیمہ کبس وضغ کشتب ہے اوس کغی ثھی هبلی هؼبوًت کب تخویہ اط ریلی هٌصوثے کی کل الگت هیں ؽبهل کیب خبئے گب ۔
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.ix Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Table of Contents
Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION ...... 7 1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) ...... 8 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE ESMF STUDY ...... 9 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY ...... 9 1.4 STUDY METHODOLOGY ...... 10 1.4.1 SITUATION ANALYSIS ...... 10 1.4.2 REVIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ...... 10 1.4.3 REVIEW OF LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 10 1.4.4 SAMPLE BASED SURVEY FOR BASELINE DATA COLLECTION ...... 11 1.4.5 DATA ANALYSIS ...... 11 1.4.6 SCREENING AND CATEGORIZATION OF SUBPROJECTS ...... 11 1.4.7 STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION ...... 11 1.4.8 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ANALYSIS ...... 11 1.4.9 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 11 1.4.10 STRUCTURE OF ESMF ...... 11 CHAPTER 2- 13 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK REVIEW ...... ……………13 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 13 2.1 NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS ...... 13 2.1.1 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY, 2005 ...... 13 2.1.2 NATIONAL SANITATION POLICY, 2006 ...... 13 2.1.3 NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY, 2012 ...... 15 2.1.4 AGRICULTURE PESTICIDES ORDINANCE, 1971 ...... 15 2.1.5 THE CANAL AND DRAINAGE ACT, 1873 (AMENDED IN 1952, 1965, 1968 AND 1970) ...... 15 2.1.6 LAND ACQUISITION ACT, 1894 (AS AMENDED IN 1984) ...... 15 2.1.7 LEGISLATION RELATED TO CULTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE ...... 16 2.2 PROVINCIAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS ...... 16 2.2.1 PUNJAB ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT, 2012 ...... 16 2.2.2 PUNJAB LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT, 2013 ...... 17 2.2.3 PUNJAB URBAN WATER & SANITATION POLICY, 2017 ...... 18
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.10 Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Table of Contents
2.2.4 DRAFT PUNJAB SANITATION POLICY ...... 19 2.2.5 DRAFT WASH BEHAVIOR CHANGE & COMMUNICATION STRATEGY ...... 20 2.2.6 PUNJAB GROWTH STRATEGY 2018 ...... 20 2.3 THE WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL POLICIES ...... 21 2.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (OP 4.01)...... 21 2.3.2 NATURAL HABITAT (OP 4.04) ...... 21 2.3.3 PEST MANAGEMENT (OP 4.09) ...... 22 2.3.4 INDIGENOUS PEOPLE (OP 4.10) ...... 22 2.3.5 PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES (OP 4.11) ...... 22 2.3.6 INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT (OP 4.12) ...... 23 2.3.7 FORESTS (OP 4.36) ...... 23 2.3.8 SAFETY OF DAMS (OP 4.37) ...... 24 2.3.9 PROJECTS ON INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS (OP 7.50)...... 24 2.3.10 WORLD BANK GUIDELINES ...... 24 2.4 OBLIGATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAWS/TREATIES ...... 24 2.5 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ...... 25 2.6 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR SANITATION IN PUNJAB ...... 25 2.6.1 LOCAL GOVERNMENT ...... 25 2.6.2 WATER & SANITATION AGENCIES ...... 25 2.6.3 PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ...... 25 CHAPTER 3-PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 27 3.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ...... 27 3.1.1 CHILD SURVIVAL IS LINKED TO SAFE WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE ...... 27 3.1.2 LATRINES SPILLOVER: OPEN DEFECATION MATTERS FOR EVERYBODY ...... 27 3.2. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ...... 28 3.2.1. NUTRITION STATUS ...... 29 3.2.2. SANITATION AND HYGIENE STATUS ...... 29 3.2.3. DRINKING WATER ...... 30 3.3. PROJECT COMPONENTS ...... 31 3.3.1. COMPONENT – I: OPEN DEFECATION FREE VILLAGES...... 31 3.3.2. COMPONENT – II: SAFELY MANAGED TOTAL SANITATION FACILITIES ...... 32
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.11 Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Table of Contents
3.3.3. COMPONENT – III: INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING FOR IMPROVED SERVICE DELIVERY ...... 32 3.4. METHODOLOGY ...... 33 3.4.1. SOCIAL MOBILIZATION METHODOLOGY FOR AWARENESS RAISING AMONG COMMUNITIES (SOFT COMPONENT) TO ODF THE VILLAGE ...... 33 3.4.2. SAFELY MANAGED TOTAL SANITATION FACILITIES ...... 34 3.4.3. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING FOR IMPROVED SERVICE DELIVERY ...... 35 3.5. INTEGRATED PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (IPMF) ...... 35 3.6. SECTOR COORDINATION MECHANISM ...... 35 3.6.1. PROVINCIAL NUTRITION STEERING COMMITTEE ...... 35 3.6.2. PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEE (PSC) ...... 35 3.6.3. DISTRICT WASH COORDINATION COMMITTEE ...... 36 3.6.4. VILLAGE ORGANIZATIONS (VOS) ...... 37 3.6.5. ODF VERIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION COMMITTEE ...... 38 OLE OF NGOS AND PRIVATE SECTOR ...... 39 3.6.5.1. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR NGOS ...... 39 3.7. INTERAGENCY AND DONOR COORDINATION AND PARTNERSHIPS ...... 40 3.8. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS: ...... 40 3.9. BENEFICIARIES: ...... 42 3.10. SUSTAINABILITY: ...... 42 3.11. MONITORING AND EVALUATION: ...... 43 3.12. THIRD PARTY VALIDATION ...... 44 3.13. CAPACITY BUILDING: ...... 44 3.14. BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION FRAMEWORK: ...... 44 3.15. GENDER BALANCE: ...... 45 3.16. ADDRESSING VULNERABILITY: ...... 45 3.17. RISK ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT: ...... 46 3.18. IRTIKAI KARKUN: ...... 47 3.19. TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS ...... 47 CHAPTER 4- ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS ...... 50 4.1. METHODOLOGY OF BASELINE DATA COLLECTION ...... 51 4.2. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 52 4.2.1. TOPOGRAPHY (GEOGRAPHY) ...... 52
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.12 Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Table of Contents
4.2.2. GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY ...... 53 4.2.3. CLIMATE AND WEATHER PATTERNS ...... 53 4.2.4. NATURAL HAZARDS ...... 56 4.1.1.1 FLOODS ...... 56 4.1.1.2 SEISMIC ANALYSIS ...... 57 ...... 58 4.2.4.3. SOIL MORPHOLOGY ...... 58 4.2.5. HYDROLOGY ...... 59 4.2.6. SURFACE WATER QUALITY ...... 60 4.2.7. WATER QUALITY AND FUNCTIONALITY OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES ...... 61 4.2.8. ACCESS TO WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION ...... 62 4.2.9. AIR QUALITY ...... 66 4.3. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 67 4.3.1. WILDLIFE ...... 67 4.3.1.1. FLORA ...... 67 4.3.1.2. FAUNA ...... 67 4.3.2. FORESTS ...... 68 4.3.3. PROTECTED AREAS ...... 68 4.4. SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE ...... 69 4.4.1. ADMINISTRATIVE PROFILE ...... 70 4.4.2. DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 71 4.4.3. LANGUAGES ...... 74 4.4.4. BASIC AMENITIES ...... 75 4.4.5. NUTRITION ...... 80 4.4.6. AGRICULTURE ...... 81 4.4.7. EDUCATION AND LITERACY ...... 83 4.4.8. GENDER ISSUES ...... 86 4.4.9. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE ...... 88 4.4.10. PLACES OF CULTURAL/ARCHEOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE...... 88 CHAPTER 5-STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION ...... 91 5.1. CONTEXT ...... 91 5.2. CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES ...... 91
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.13 Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Table of Contents
5.3. CONSULTATION WITH INSTITUTIONS ...... 95 CHAPTER 6- IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 96 6.1. POSITIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PSNIP ...... 96 6.2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING ...... 106 6.3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES...... 107 6.3.1. THE ‘NO ACTION’ ALTERNATIVE ...... 108 6.3.2. TOILET DESIGN ALTERNATIVES UNDER PSNIP ...... 108 6.3.2.1. PIT TOILETS ...... 108 6.3.2.2. OFFSET DOUBLE PIT TOILET WITH POUR FLUSH ...... 109 6.4. CONSTRUCTION OF PAVED ROADS/SOLLINGS ...... 110 6.4.1. SEWERAGE/COVERED DRAINAGE AND SMALL SCALE WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITY 110 6.4.2. PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN OXIDATION POND FUNCTIONING ...... 111 6.5. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND GENERIC MITIGATION ...... 113 6.5.1. SUBPROJECTS SITING AND LAND ISSUES (FINANCED UNDER PSNIP) ...... 113 6.5.2. VOLUNTARY LAND DONATION PROTOCOL ...... 114 6.5.1.1 WHEN VLD IS APPLICABLE...... 114 6.5.1.2 WHEN VLD IS NOT APPLICABLE ...... 115 6.5.1.3 PROCESS FOR VOLUNTARY DONATION ...... 115 6.6. GENERIC IMPACTS ANALYSIS FOR ANTICIPATED SUBPROJECTS (FINANCED UNDER PSNIP) AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 118 6.7. IMPACT RELATED TO SUBPROJECTS (NOT FINANCED UNDER PSNIP) AND MITIGATION THEIR MEASURES ...... 125 CHAPTER 7- ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ...... 127 7.1. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS PROCESSING STEPS ...... 127 7.1.1. SUBPROJECTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING ...... 127 7.1.2. INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS MANAGEMENT IN SCHEME LIFE CYCLE ...... 130 7.1.3. PREPARATION OF SUB-PROJECTS ...... 130 7.1.4. SUB-PROJECTS APPRAISAL ...... 130 7.1.5. SUB-PROJECTS IMPLEMENTATION ...... 131 7.1.6. MONITORING, AUDIT AND EVALUATION ...... 131 7.1.7. THIRD PARTY VALIDATION: ...... 132
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.14 Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Table of Contents
7.2. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...... 133 7.2.1. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT UNIT (PMU) ...... 133 7.2.2. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PMU ...... 133 7.2.3. DISTRICT MANAGEMENT UNIT (DMU) ...... 136 7.3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND NMONITOREING FRAMEWORK OF ESMF 140 7.3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION AND MONITORING PLAN OF ESMF ...... 156 7.4. MONITORING FRAMEWORK ...... 7.4.1. INTERNAL MONITORING ...... 162 7.4.2. EXTERNAL MONITORING -THIRD PARTY VALIDATION (TPV) ...... 163 7.5. TRAINING/CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT FRAMEWORK ...... 167 7.5.1. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS ...... 167 7.6. DISCLOSURE OF SUB-PROJECTS INFORMATION ...... 171 7.6.1. REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION ...... 171 7.6.2. REPORTING& DOCUMENTATION FRAMEWORK ...... 171 7.7. CONSULTATION FRAMEWORK ...... 172 7.8. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) ...... 175 7.8.1. OVERVIEW AND SCOPE ...... 175 7.8.2. OBJECTIVES OF GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 175 7.8.3. COMMUNICATION & AWARENESS ...... 175 7.8.4. RECORDS AND MONITORING ...... 175 7.8.5. PROPOSED INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS ...... 176 7.8.6. GRIEVANCE FOCAL POINTS (GFPS) ...... 176 7.8.7. PUBLIC COMPLAINTS CENTER (PCC) ...... 176 7.8.8. GRIEVANCE REDRESS COMMITTEE (GRC-DISTRICT) ...... 176 7.8.9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS COMMITTEE (GRC-PMU) ...... 177 7.8.10. PROCEDURES ...... 177 7.9. ESMF IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET ...... 177 CHAPTER 8- RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK ...... 185 8.1. VOLUNTARY LAND DONATION...... 185 8.2. PURPOSE OF RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK...... 185 8.3. WORLD BANK RESETTLEMENT POLICY ...... 185
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.15 Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Table of Contents
8.4. RESETTLEMENT PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS ...... 186 8.5. CRITERIA FOR ELIGIBILITY OF PAPS ...... 186 8.6. COMPENSATION ELIGIBILITY AND ENTITLEMENTS FOR AFFECTED PERSONS ...... 187 8.7. CUT-OFF DATE ...... 191 8.8. VALUATION AND REPLACEMENT OF ASSETS ...... 191 8.9. RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) PREPARATION ...... 192 8.10. CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND DISCLOSURE/ ACCESS TO INFORMATION ...... 193 8.11. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM ...... 195 8.12. RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND FINANCING ...... 197 8.13. MONITORING AND REPORTING ...... 197 8.14. GRIEVANCES REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 198
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.16 Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Annexures
ANNEXURES ANNEXUREA:CHECKLIST FOR SURVEY OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE CONDITIONS………………………………………………………………………………………… .202 ANNEXURE B1: COMMON FLORA AND FAUNA IN SOUTH PUNJAB ...... 205 ANNEXURE B2: COMMON FLORA AND FAUNA IN SOUTH PUNJAB ...... 207 ANNEXURE C: ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING CHECKLIST ...... 210 ANNEXURE D: INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT SCREENING CHECKLIST ...... 214 ANNEXURE E-1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ...... 216 ANNEXURE E-2: OUTLINE FOR RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) AS PER WORLD BANK OP 4.12 ...... 219 ANNEXURE F: STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION FEEDBACK ...... 220 ANNEXURE G: STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PHOTOS ...... 237 ANNEXURE H: SELECTED IMAGES OF EXISTING BASELINE CONDITIONS IN 25 SURVEYED VILLAGES ...... 239 ANNEXURE I: GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TOILETS ...... 240 ANNEXURE J: TORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS SPECIALIST (ESS) AND CAPACITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SPECIALIST (CSDS) ...... 248 ANNEXURE K: TERMS OF REFERENCE (TORS) FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING TEAM ...... 250 ANNEXURE L: CHECKLIST FOR VERIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION OF ODF & TOTAL SANITATION COMMUNITIES ...... 252 ANNEXURE M: FORMAT FOR VOLUNTARY DONATION OF LAND ...... 254 ANNEXURE N: WB ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDELINES ...... 256 ANNEXURE O: INTERNATIONAL LAWS/TREATIES ...... 278 ANNEXURE P: SAMPLE BASED SURVEY IN 25 VILLAGES OF PROJECT DISTRCITS ...... 280 ANNEXURE Q: LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED DURING ESMF STUDY ...... 295 ANNEXURE R1: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HIUSEHOLDS BY SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER BY DISTRICT ...... 297 ANNEXURE R2: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE OF TOILETS IN PSNIP DISTRICTS ...... 298
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.17 Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) List of Figures
List of Figures
Fig. No. Description Page #
Fig. 1.1 Project Districts 10 Fig. 1.2 Structure of ESMF 12 Fig. 3.1 Relationship b/w Diseases and Lack of Access to Sanitation 28 Fig. 3.2 Open Defecation 31 Fig. 3.3 ODF Verification and Certification Committee 39 Fig. 3.4 Behavior Change Communication Framework 45 Fig. 3.5 Program Components 49 Fig. 4.1 Project Area Districts 50 Fig. 4.2 Average monthly rainfall & Temperature pattern of Bahawalpur (Source: 55 Climate-daata.org) Fig. 4.3 Average monthly rainfall & Temperature pattern of DG Khan (Source: 55 Climate-daata.org) Fig. 4.4 Average monthly rainfall & Temperature pattern of Multan (Source: 55 Climate-daata.org) Fig. 4.5 2010 Flood Discharges at Control Points 56 Fig. 4.6 Seismic hazards map of Pakistan 58 Fig. 4.7 Soil Map of Punjab 59 Fig. 4.8 Biological Contamination per Districts Punjab 61 Fig. 4.9 Access to Good Quality Drinking Water in 25 villages surveyed during 63 ESMF Study Fig. 4.10 Drinking Water Sources in 25 Surveyed Villages during ESMF Study 63 Fig. 4.11 Status of Open Defecation in 25 villages surveyed during ESMF Study 64 Fig. 4.12 Toilets Facility at HHs Level in 25 villages surveyed during ESMF study 65 Fig. 4.13 Access to covered pit toilets (HHs level) % of available toilets in 25 villages 65 surveyed during ESMF Study Fig. 4.14 Access to covered drainage Facility in 25 villages surveyed during ESMF 66 study Fig. 4.15 District Map of Punjab 71 Fig. 4.16 Population Distribution with respect to Language in Punjab 74 Fig. 4.17 Status of Common Languages in 25 Surveyed Villages 75 Fig. 4.18 Status of School Facilities in Surveyed Villages 77 Fig. 4.19 Status of Access to Electricity Facility in 25 Surveyed Villages 79 Fig. 4.20 Status of Access to Gas as a Fuel in 25 Surveyed Villages 79
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.18 Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) List of Figures
Fig. 4.21 Status of Basic Health Unit/Dispensary and LHV Facility in 25 Villages 80 Fig. 4.22 Consequences of Malnutrition (in Children under 5) in Punjab 81 Fig. 4.23 Agricultural Land Use for Sugarcane, Wheat and Cotton in Punjab 82 Fig. 4.24 Proportion of Population that ever-attended School 83 Fig. 4.25 Literacy-Population Ratio in Punjab 85 Fig. 4.26 Literacy Rate in 25 Villages Surveyed During ESMF Study 85 Fig. 4.27 Facilities of Toilets and Washing areas in Schools of 25 Surveyed Villages 86 Fig. 6.1 A pit Latrine or Pit Toilet 106 Fig. 6.2 Double Pit Toilet 109 Fig. 7.1 Management Structure of PMU at PHED 135 Fig. 7.2 Structure of DMU at District Level 136
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) Page No.19 Environmental and Social Management Framework(ESMF) Acronyms
Acronyms
ADP Annual Development Program MDGs Millennium Development Goals ALRI Acute Lower Respiratory Infection MHa Million hectares Aps Affected Persons MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey BHU Basic Health Unit MRL Maximum Residue Limit DC Deputy Commissioner MSAN Multi-Sectoral Action for Nutrition DCO District Coordination Officer NCCP National Climate Change Policy DMS Detailed Measurement Survey NGO Non-governmental organization DMU District monitoring unit NNS National Nutrition Survey DNCC District Nutrition Coordination NPSC Nutrition Project Steering Committee Committee DOA Department of Agriculture, GOp NSA Nutrition sensitive agriculture DOH Department of Health, GOp O&M Operation & Maintenance ODF Open Defecation Free EA Environmental Assessment P&DD Planning & Development Department, GOP EIA Environmental Impact Assessment Pak-EPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency ENMCP Enhanced Nutrition for Mothers and PAHs Project Affected Households Children Project ESFP Environmental and Social Focal Point PARC Pakistan Agricultural Research Council EHS Environment, Health, and Environment PBS Pakistan Bureau of Statistics EIA Environmental Impact Assessment PCRs Physical Cultural Resources EPA Environmental Protection Agency PD Project Director ES Environmental Specialist PDMA Provincial Disaster Management Authority ESMF Environmental and Social Management PKR Pakistani Rupees Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management PMU Project Management Unit Plan FAO Food and Agriculture Organization POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants F3S Female Farmer Field School PPE Personal protective equipment FBS Farmer Business Schools PSC Poverty Scorecard FFS Farmer Field School RAP Resettlement Action Plan FGD Focus Group Discussion RFP Resettlement Policy Framework FO Farmers’ Organization RS Reconnaissance Survey GAP Good Agriculture Practice SIA Social Impact Assessment GDP Gross Domestic Product PEPA Punjab Environmental Protection Agency
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GOP Government of Pakistan SESA Strategic environmental and social assessment GOP Government of Punjab PEQS Punjab Environmental Quality Standards GRC Grievance Redress Committee PIDA Punjab Irrigation Development Authority GRM Grievance redress mechanism CSDS Community and Social Development Specialist GPI Gender Parity Index IESMC Independent Environmental and Social SUN Scaling Up Nutrition Monitoring Consultant INSS Inter-Sectoral Nutrition Strategy of Sindh IP Indigenous people Sindh Water Management Ordinance IPs Implementation Partners TA Technical Assistance IPM Integrated pest management TSP Technical Support Partner IPMP Integrated pest management plan UC Union Council IUCN International Union for Conservation of UNDP United Nations Development Nature Programme LAR Land Acquisition and Resettlement VOs Village Organizations LBOD Left Bank Outfall Drain WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene LGD Local Government Department, GOS WB World Bank M&E Monitoring and evaluation WHO World Health Organization
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CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION
Pakistan ranks eighth in terms of prevalence of stunting with 45 % of the child population stunted. Around 39 % of the population does not have sanitation facilities while 9 percent of the population does not have access to water1. In case of Punjab stunting rate is 33.5% and wasting rate is 17.5% (MICS2 2014) for children under 5. Global evidence proves that lack of hygiene and proper sanitation and open defecation creates an oral- fecal route contributing to stunting and wasting. SDGs3 -Goal 6- addresses this important sector through defining the goal and targets to “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all”: “A-6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of
women and girls and those in vulnerable situations”
To achieve this goal, Government of Punjab has formulated the Punjab Sanitation Policy (which is under approval). The goal of the provincial sanitation policy is to ensure that the entire population of Punjab has access to safe and affordable sanitation for a quality life. The project (Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project-PSNIP) aims to reduce stunting by improving nutrition status through ensuring access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all women, men and children and substantially reduce open defecation in rural areas of 11 Districts of southern Punjab by 2021. The major objectives and stipulated outputs of the program are: Promote knowledge, behavior change, demand for services and opportunities for participation in rural communities including children, women and men to create Open Defecation Free (ODF) environment and increase public awareness about water borne and water-related diseases, nutrition and hygiene:
3000 revenue villages will be certified ODF 300,000 toilets will be constructed by community on self-help basis 5 million population will be reached through awareness sessions of village organizations 3500 ODF revenue villages provided cash reward of Rs. 200,000. The incentive will be used by VOs for improving WASH infrastructure or supporting poorest of the poor, where needed. Creating healthy and safe environment through provision of safely managed total sanitation facilities (sewerage / drainage / wastewater treatment / solid waste bins)
1.Progress Report 2013-15-Results for Children in Pakistan-UNICEF 2 MICS-Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey 3 SDGs-Sustainable Development Goals
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20 ODF villages will be provided sewerage / drainage / wastewater treatment facility / solid waste bins 75,000 people in 20 model villages will gain access to safely managed total sanitation facilities Missing set of latrines (boys and girl’s latrine with hand washing station) for at least one school for every ODF village provided. This will be done in coordination with School Education Department. The project will only provide this facility for villages not covered under their Project on missing school facilities. Drinking water facility is provided to each of the model villages through ongoing initiatives of Punjab Saaf Pani Company. Animal segregation areas and waste management will be promoted through advocacy and free vaccination promoted to those in compliance through coordination with Livestock Department’s ongoing initiative. A multi-purpose room on community provided land will be constructed in all Model Villages for Communal gatherings and to strengthen the Village Organizations. Institutional strengthening for improved service delivery. This component will finance three interconnected areas: Program management Capacity building and coordination Monitoring evaluation and knowledge management The program is fully aligned with SDGs, Punjab WASH Sector Development Plan (2014-24), Punjab Growth Strategy (2018) and Punjab Multi Sectoral Nutrition Strategy. 1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) Punjab Housing and Urban Development Public Health Engineering Department (HUD PHED) has prepared this Environmental and Social Framework (ESMF) for execution and implementation of Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP).PHED hired the services of an Individual ESMF Consultant to prepare the ESMF. This ESMF complies with the World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Operational Policies and local environmental and social laws to assess the project’s environmental and social viability through various environmental components like air, water, noise, land, ecology along with the parameters of human interest and social acceptability and mitigation of adverse impacts along with chalking out of guidelines, SOPs, procedure for detailed EA and social implications during and after project execution.
The objectives of this ESMF are: To establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social planning, review, approval and implementation of subprojects to be financed under the Project; To specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to subprojects;
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To determine the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully implement the provisions of the ESMF; To establish the project funding required to implement the ESMF requirements; To provide practical resources for implementing the ESMF. This ESMF report presents the legal review, broad baseline secondary data collected for air, water, land, biological and socio-economic components of environment of 11 districts of South Punjab, identification, prediction and evaluation of generic project impacts, data analysis of sample based survey of 25 villages, and preparation and implementation procedures of ESMF with Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for mitigation of adverse social impacts that may arise due to the proposed project interventions.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE ESMF STUDY The objective of the ESMF study is to carry out broad environment and social safeguards analysis, screening the proposed subproject interventions against adverse environmental and social impacts and recommending, where necessary, appropriate mitigation and enhancement measures, and course of action for further and detailed assessment so as to enable the preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) as well as the generic Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP) or the identified activities/investments of the subprojects. The relevant portions of the ESMP will be suitably integrated with the contract documents to facilitate the smooth implementation during project operation phases.
Punjab Environmental Protection Act,2012 and Pakistan Environment Protection Agency Review of Initial Environment Examination (IEE) and Environment Impact Assessment (EIA), 2000 are the principal legislation on environmental protection and compliance in Punjab which state the provisions of environmental protection and compliance and this ESMF has been prepared in line with those provisions laid down in this legal framework. ESMF needs to comply with the WB safeguards requirements given in different operational policies (OPs)
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The client (HUD PHED) has prepared this ESMF for the subprojects under Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP). The Framework will provide specifically an overview of the baseline conditions and also identify generic environmental and social impacts of the subprojects. The Framework will also provide the template ESMP for construction of latrines, sewerage / covered drainage facility (external component only) with small scale treatment unit (oxidation ponds) for liquid waste management and repair and maintenance of sewerage drains. The ESMF will be required to be reviewed and cleared by the World Bank. The ESMF will be subject to consultations in Punjab Province before it is disclosed locally, in the local language and in English in the World Bank Info shop, before appraisal of the proposed project.
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1.4 STUDY METHODOLOGY Methodology for the ESMF comprises upon a series of integrated tasks and this was based on a combination of field and desktop assignments.
The specific steps involved for ESMF design include:
1.4.1 Situation Analysis
Study the overall project details and the subprojects details, their design, location, nature and key interventions supported by the project / subprojects Secondary data collection on existing social and environmental conditions of the 11 districts of South Punjab (Khanewal, Multan, Lodhran, Vehari, Bahawalpur, RahimyarKhan, Rajanpur, Muzaffargarh, Layyah and D.G Khan).
Figure 1.1: Project Districts
1.4.2 Review of Institutional Framework
Review the existing Institutional Framework and roles and responsibilities of Housing, Urban Development Public Health Engineering Department. 1.4.3 Review of Legal Framework
Review the national and provincial legislation and regulations related to environmental and social aspects and determine relevance for the proposed activities under the project.
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Review the WB Operational Policies on environmental and social assessment and determine relevance and subsequent requirements if any defined by these Policies 1.4.4 Sample Based Survey for baseline data collection
Sample based survey of 25 villages (at least 02 villages from each of 11 districts) was carried out to collect broad baseline data on physical, biological and socio-economic conditions prevailing in the area of each sub-project. Objective of sample survey was to determine the environmental and social sensitivity of the area. For sample survey, a simple questionnaire was drafted (attached as Annexure A) 1.4.5 Data Analysis
Primary data collected from sample villages was analyzed to determine the social and environmental baseline conditions of 25 villages4 1.4.6 Screening and Categorization of subprojects
Screening of the subprojects is carried out to determine the environment and social category of the subprojects strictly in accordance with the criteria defined in WB OP 4.01 and 4.12 respectively. 1.4.7 Stakeholders Consultation
For preparation of ESMF, stakeholder’s consultation with a selected sample of communities and institutions was carried out For ESMF study consultations with stakeholders were held as a means to elicit explicitly the views of the community, beneficiary groups and women on their participation at all stages of the project. The findings of the stakeholder’s consultation are discussed in detail in Chapter 5. 1.4.8 Social and Environmental Impacts Analysis
Anticipated social and environmental impacts analysis are carried out in accordance with the nature of subprojects and their related activities and in accordance with the overall baseline conditions of the area selected for subproject. 1.4.9 Proposed Mitigation Measures
Generic mitigation measures are proposed for social and environmental impacts identified during social and environmental impacts analysis 1.4.10 Structure of ESMF
4.For baseline data collection a Sample Based Survey (SBS) was conducted by the ESMF Consultant. For SBS, 25 villages were surveyed from 11 Project Districts and 2,3 villages were surveyed from each district. Details of SBS are given in Chapter 4
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The proposed structure of ESMF is as follows:
Figure 1.2: Structure of ESMF
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CHAPTER 2- LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK REVIEW
LEGAL FRAMEWORK There has been number of Legal covers that dealt with the sanitation sector and environmental and social management in Punjab, details of which are as under:
2.1 NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS Pakistan’s statute books contain a number of laws related to the regulation and control of the environmental and social aspects. However, the enactment of comprehensive legislation on the environment, in the form of an act of parliament, is a relatively new practice. Most of the existing laws on environmental and social issues have been enforced over an extended period of time, and are context-specific. After the Eighteenth amendment in the constitution of Pakistan many federal subjects devolved to provincial legislation. The Concurrent List in fourth schedule of the constitution containing entries of subjects wherein federal and provincial legislation could legislate has been abolished. Since project coverage is in province of Punjab; therefore, only those national laws and regulations are discussed here which have application in the project. There are still several federal laws which have not been repealed by the provinces and applicable in provinces with its original titles. The laws relevant to the proposed project are briefly reviewed below.
2.1.1 National Environment Policy, 2005
The National Environmental Policy, 2005 aims to protect, conserve and restore Pakistan’s environment in order to improve the quality of life for the citizens through sustainable development. It provides an overarching framework for addressing the environmental issues facing Pakistan, particularly pollution of fresh water bodies and coastal waters, air pollution, lack of proper waste management, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, desertification, natural disasters and climate change. It also gives direction for addressing the cross sectorial issues as well as the underlying causes of environmental degradation and meeting international obligations.
The National Environmental Policy, 2005 while recognizing the goals and objectives of the National Conservation Strategy, National Environmental Action Plan and other existing environment related national policies, strategies and action plans, provide broad guidelines to the Federal Government, Provincial Governments, Federally Administrated Territories and Local Governments for addressing environmental concerns and ensuring effective management of their environmental resources.
2.1.2 National Sanitation Policy, 2006
The national Sanitation Policy, 2006 devised to provide a broad framework and policy guidelines for all level of governments to enhance and support sanitation coverage in the country.
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The primary focus of the policy is on the safe disposal of excreta away from the dwelling units and work places by using a sanitary latrine and includes creation of an Open Defecation Free environment along with the safe disposal of liquid and solid wastes; and the promotion of health and hygiene policy in the country.
The Policy identifies minimum sanitation options which include flush latrines or pour flush latrines in homes for urban areas and high density rural settlement connected to an underground sewerage system terminating in a sewerage treatment facility. Similarly at in serviced urban areas and low density rural settlements minimum options are ventilated pit privies/pour flush latrines connected to a septic tank linked to a waste water disposal and/or collection system. The Policy proposes reward for all ‘Open Defecation Free’ tehsils/Towns, for achieving ‘100 percent Sanitation Coverage’. The policy provides broad framework and guidelines to all governments to enhance and support sanitation coverage in the country through the formulation of sanitation strategies, plans and programs for improving the quality of life of people and a providing a healthy work environment. The overall sanitation and sewerage coverage in Pakistan is very low. The urban areas fare slightly better than the rural areas. Yet data on the occurrence of cases of diarrhea suggests that people suffer repeated and continuous exposure to polluted water. Almost 40% of all reported diseases and 30% of all deaths in the country are attributable to fecal contamination of water due to mixing up of water supply and sewerage lines. 5
The policy primarily focuses on the following activities/premises: i. Safe disposal of excreta by using sanitary latrines, creating an open defecation free environment, industrial and agricultural wastes, safe disposal of liquid and solid wastes, and promotion of health and hygienic practices in the country ii. Develop and utilize sewage and water treatment facilities for domestic and industrial use iii. Promote the concept of Community Led Total Sanitation iv. Develop an institutional and financial framework for the agencies concerned in this sector, along with capacity building initiatives v. Carry out public awareness programs vi. Using appropriate, low cost, easy and cost effective technology vii. Achieve sustainable development through the above initiatives viii. The sanitation initiatives will be financed by the government ix. For monitoring the industrial and municipal effluents, EPA will be the responsible body x. Increasing numbers and access to public toilets xi. Promoting public private partnership xii. Safe disposal of hospital waste by following the Hospital Waste Management Rules 2005 xiii. Provision of incentives and rewards to tehsils/towns for the implementation of the sanitation policy
5 Drinking Water Sanitation and Hygiene, Punjab Sector Development Plan (2014-2024), Government of Punjab
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2.1.3 National Climate Change Policy, 2012
The Ministry of Climate Change launched Pakistan’s new Climate Change Policy in 2012. Pakistan has been identified as one of the top 16 countries with a high climate change vulnerability index. Many sectors like water resources, agriculture and livestock, human health, forestry, biodiversity, ecosystems, are at great risk of being affected by climate change. The new policy recommends policy measures and proposes mitigation strategies in particular for energy, transport, town planning, industries, agriculture and livestock and forestry sectors.
Three policy measures recommended, among others, that have a direct bearing on water supply, sanitation and solid waste are: i. Make installation of wastewater treatment plants an integral part of all sewerage schemes ii. Ensure separate collection, disposal and re-use of recyclable, composite and biodegradable waste, preferably at source iii. Introduce local rainwater harvesting measures
2.1.4 Agriculture Pesticides Ordinance, 1971
The Agriculture Pesticides Ordinance promulgated to regulate the import, manufacture, formulation, sale, distribution and use of pesticides and for matters ancillary thereto. The Ordinance prohibits sale, use etcetera of adulterated pesticides, which means a pesticide with which spurious, deleterious or harmful substance has been mixed. The Ordinance provides punishments for manufacturing, importing, sale etcetera of adulterated or substandard pesticides. The ordinance is in line with World Bank OP.4.09.
2.1.5 The Canal and Drainage Act, 1873 (amended in 1952, 1965, 1968 and 1970)
It prohibits corrupting or fouling of canal water, which may be used for domestic purposes. The possibilities of fouling of canal water are due to:
i. The sludge collected from pits/septic tanks of toilets will disposed in the canals, ii. The effluent of toilets will discharge directly into the canals without septic treatment, and iii. The effluent from demonstration plots contaminated with pesticides discharged into the canals.
2.1.6 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (as Amended in 1984)
The Land Acquisition Act (LAA) of 1894 amended from time to time has been the de-facto policy governing land acquisition and compensation in the country. The LAA is the most commonly used law for acquisition of land and other properties for development projects. It comprises of 55 sections pertaining to area notifications and surveys, acquisition, compensation and apportionment awards and disputes resolution, penalties and exemptions.
The LAA ensures that no person is deprived of land except under law and entitles affected persons (landowner, tenant or licensee) to a hearing before acquisition, with due and adequate compensation made thereafter. Only landowners, tenants and licensees are possible compensation recipients. The
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The ‘Government Order’ provides for acquisition of land through negotiation and assessment of land value by a committee. The Deputy Commissioner (DC) and/or Land Acquisition Collector have the powers to approve the rate for acquisition. The reason for resorting to private negotiation is to implement schemes within a time bound schedule, arrive at an acceptable value and pre-empt protracted court cases, which are all time delay processes.
For PSNIP, Land Acquisition Act, 1894 will be applicable in case private land other than land donation will have to be acquired for sub-projects activities
2.1.7 Legislation related to Cultural and Archaeological Heritage
The Antiquities Act, 1975, provides legal cover for protection of cultural and archeological resources. Antiquities have been defined as ancient products of human activity, historical sites, sites of archaeological or cultural interest, and national monuments. The Act prohibits new constructions in proximity of the protected antiquities.
The Punjab Special Premises (Preservation) Ordinance, 1985 provides a legal framework for preservation of premises of historical, cultural, archaeological, and architectural value in the province. The Ordinance specifically prohibits implementation of developmental schemes or new constructions within a radius of two hundred feet from notified special premises.
Both laws will be applicable to the Project and the notified archeological / cultural heritage areas / sites will be screened carefully before undertaking sub-projects construction activities under the PSNIP.
2.2 PROVINCIAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS 2.2.1 Punjab Environment Protection Act, 2012
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 was enacted on December 3, 1997.
After the passing of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan’s Federal Ministry of Environment was devolved to the provincial level on June 30, 2011. Thus, a recent amendment in Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 was presented and published in Punjab Gazette on April 18, 2012 as an Act of Provincial Assembly of Punjab.
Punjab Environment Protection Act, 2012 deals with the establishment of Environmental Protection Council which is responsible for approving comprehensive environmental policies; provide guidelines for the protection of environment, species, habitat and biodiversity. The Act also establishes the
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Environmental Protection Agency that deals with the preparation of national environmental policies, prepare & publish national environment report, ensure the enforcement of National Environmental Quality Standards, establishment ambient air, water and land quality standards, measures to control environmental pollution.
The Act also deals with the “Environmental Protection Order” Where the Provincial Agency is satisfied that the discharge or emission of any effluent, waste, air pollutant or noise, or the disposal of waste, or the handling of hazardous substances, or any other act or omission is likely to occur, or is occurring or has occurred in violation of the provisions of this Act, rules or regulations or of the conditions of a license, and is likely to cause, or is causing or has caused an adverse environmental effect, the Provincial Agency may, after giving the person responsible for such discharge, emission, disposal, handling, act or omission an opportunity of being heard, by order direct such person to take such measures that the Provincial Agency may consider necessary within such period as may be specified in the order.
According to Section 11 of Punjab Environment Protection Act,2012: Prohibition of certain discharge or emissions-(1) “no person shall discharge or emit or allow the discharge or emission of any effluent or waste or air pollution or noise in an amount, concentration or level which is in excess of the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards” whereas according to the section 12 of Punjab Environment Protection Act,2012:12.Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessment-(1)” No proponentof a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with the Provincial Agency an Initial Environmental Examination or where the project is likely to cause an adverse environmental effect,an Environmnetal Impact Assessment and has obtained from the Provincial Agenct approval in respect thereof”.
According to a notification issued by Planning and Development Department,Government of the Punjab No.35(231)R.O(COORD)P&D/2007,dated 21st March,2007: “In case of development projects having environmental implications,an environmental impact assessment (EIA) report should invariably be submitted alongwith the project document at the time of getting approval” Box 2.1
In the context of Section 11 and 12 of Punjab Environment Protection Act, 2012 as new construction of paved roads, sewerage system,oxidation pond and toilets will be involved in Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) ,therefore an integrated EIA Report will be required to be submitted with Punjab EPA and obtain approval of the same before the project commencement
2.2.2 Punjab Local Government Act, 2013
The main legislation at present that governs sanitation is the Punjab Local Government Act 2013. Under this act various local governments are being established which deals with water supply and sanitation.
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A Union Council shall provide sanitation and solid waste collection and sanitary disposal of solid, liquid, industrial and hospital waste besides providing and maintaining rural water supply schemes and public sources of drinking water, including wells, water pumps, tanks, ponds and other works for the supply of water and open drains. The Act also empowers the Union Council to coordinate with the community organizations for proper maintenance of rural water supply schemes and sewerage in the prescribed manner.
A District Council shall assist Union Councils in the provision and maintenance of rural water supply schemes, public sources of drinking water, including wells, water pumps, tanks, ponds and other works for the supply of water and sanitation, and solid waste collection and sanitary disposal of solid, liquid, industrial and hospital waste.
The Act also establishes urban local governments including Municipal Committees, Municipal Corporations and a Metropolitan Corporation that undertakes water and sanitation functions in the urban areas.
2.2.3 Punjab Urban Water & Sanitation Policy, 2017
The Punjab Urban Water and Sanitation Policy of the Government of the Punjab provides a framework to guide and support provincial institutions, local government institutions, Water Utilities and communities for improving water and sanitation services. The policy is consistent with National Sanitation Policy 2006 and National Environment Policy 2005. i. The key policy principles of this policy related to Sanitation Sector are: ii. To provide sustainable water and sanitation for all and provide optimum quantity and acceptable quality of water and sanitation services on a sustainable basis iii. Provide a legal, regulatory framework and efficient institutional arrangements for sustainable water supply, sanitation and wastewater treatment services -* iv. Promote Public Private Partnership for revenue collection, metering, and water supply and sanitation (WSS) services. v. Encourage community participation initiatives through component sharing and decision making. Gender analysis to be used to assess levels of participation of men and women in the planning process vi. Encourage socially and environmentally sensitive investment in the sector. Through environmental and social impact assessment in order to design and implement appropriate mitigation measures and environmental management plans vii. Provide institutional capacity building by means of human resources development and the implementation of appropriate corporate institutional arrangements viii. Public awareness programs to develop an understanding of the importance of water and its conservation
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2.2.4 Draft Punjab Sanitation Policy
The key policy principles of the draft policy are shown below and apply to all population in rural and urban areas, and whether sanitation is for individual households or provided as a system for an entire community. i. Access to improved sanitation is a basic human right of the citizens of Punjab. An inclusive approach ensuring equitable distribution of resources shall be promoted on priority basis to address the sanitation coverage disparities in the Province, especially targeting excluded and marginalized areas (inter-district parity) ii. An inter-sectoral approach would be used in designing and executing sanitation sector programs taking into account the challenge of protecting the environment and responding to climate change. Sanitation programs shall be integrated with those of water, environment, health and education sectors with a view to identifying and capturing synergies iii. Technological solutions that are not only cost effective but also consistent with cultural sensitivities of specific communities would be identified and steps would be taken to encourage prototyping and marketing of those solutions iv. Institutionalize component sharing model in which community is responsible to construct lane v. and neighborhood level sewers (internal development) on self-help basis and government focus on trunks, disposal and treatment unit (external development) vi. Performance benchmarking would be gradually introduced and institutionalized vii. Efforts will be made to gradually reach a stage where the O&M cost is recovered from the beneficiaries. Over all maintenance components would be defined for responsibility of community and government viii. An independent monitoring & evaluation system will be established and maintained to track ix. progress under the sanitation agenda and also to operationalize incentives envisaged in this policy
Pakistan Approaches to Total Sanitation, 2010 under the leadership of Climate Change Division of the Cabinet Secretariat, (former Ministry of Environment) has been successfully rolled out in Pakistan with the support of Provincial Governments, UNICEF and civil society partners. PATS underpins an Integrated Total Sanitation approach that seeks for sanitation demand creation, sustaining the demand through supply side interventions, promoting participatory hygiene, attaining 100% adequate drainage and wastewater treatments, linkages development with duty bearers and knowledge management and accountability. PATS extends an active social mobilization strategy by building a cadre of human resources who inspire and empower the communities to construct technically sound and viable latrines which are connected to a secure disposal system and achieve total sanitation status, sustainably adopt hygiene practices and continuously use improved sanitation facilities.
Community Led Total Sanitation methodology is an entry point to achieve “total sanitation” and not total sanitation in itself. CLTS is an effective approach for triggering action to change defecation
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A significant component of PATS is School Led Total Sanitation (SLTS). The SLTS approach is used for promotion of good health practices where children largely helped in changing perceptions at community level. The usage of a forum like the teacher-student WASH club proves highly successful in imparting hygiene communication messages at scale. Additional enabling factors such as training programs for schoolteachers, capacity building and awareness raising of village based development organizations, coordination and support for the district level government education department play significant roles in the program success. SLTS is being used as an opening intervention in PATS program at scale in transition from humanitarian to development as it provides an opportunity to mobilize the disaster affected communities with dignity, pride and Self-respect.
2.2.5 Draft WASH Behavior Change & Communication Strategy
A draft Behavior Change and Communication (BCC) strategy has been developed by HUD&PHED in collaboration with UNICEF. It focuses on change in community behavior especially with regards to water, sanitation and hygiene. The strategy includes the following elements: i. Increase awareness regarding importance of clean water, cleanliness and hygiene for a better healthy life ii. Encourage community members to construct household latrines and leave open defecation practices iii. Educate mothers about the water borne diseases and how to prevent these especially in children iv. Emphasize the use of soap and hand washing before meals and after use of latrine v. Encourage the community members to build in house latrines for better health vi. Encourage community members to become partner with the government in development of sanitation infrastructure in the village vii. Mobilize community members to reduce water wastage at household level. viii. Encouraging CBOs and community members for installation of water meters would be a practical step in reduction of waste of water ix. Mobilize community members to legalize water and sanitation connections and payment of tariff in time. 2.2.6 Punjab Growth Strategy 2018
Recently, the Planning and Development Board, Government of Punjab has developed a growth strategy for the province entitled “Punjab Growth Strategy 2018-accelerating Economic Growth and Social Outcomes”. The document endorses Punjab’s health sector vision and strategy, which emphasizes improvement of water, sanitation and hygiene services to prevent communicable diseases.
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2.3 THE WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL POLICIES Along with the local environmental and social laws and policies, it is obligatory for the project to abide by the World Bank safeguard polices. The triggering status of the World Bank Operational Policies is discussed as following:
2.3.1 Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)
The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making. The OP defines the EA process and various types of the EA instruments. The proposed project may consist of activities which can potentially have environmental and social consequences, hence the policy is triggered and this instrument is being developed. Since the activities under the project would be small- scale interventions in terms of construction of latrines in selected schools, sewerage / covered drainage facility (external component only) with small scale treatment unit (oxidation ponds) for liquid waste management, construction of PCC roads/soling’s and repair and maintenance of sewerage drains, the level of environmental impacts is likely to be low to moderate. This project is classified as “Category B” with partial assessment as per the WB safeguards category.
The OP 4.01 also defines ESMF as “An instrument that examines the issues and impacts associated when a project consists of a program and/or series of sub-projects, and the impacts cannot be determined until the program or sub-project details have been identified. The ESMF sets out the principles, rules, guidelines and procedures to assess the environmental and social impacts. It contains measures and plans to reduce, mitigate and/or offset adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts, provisions for estimating and budgeting the costs of such measures, and information on the agency or agencies responsible for addressing project impacts. The term "Environmental Management Framework" or "EMF" may also be used.”
The proposed project may consist of activities which can potentially have environmental and social consequences, hence the policy is triggered and this instrument is being developed. Since the activities under the project would be small-scale interventions in terms of construction of latrines in selected schools, sewerage / covered drainage facility (external component only) with small scale treatment unit (oxidation ponds) for liquid waste management, construction of PCC roads/solling and repair and maintenance of sewerage drains, as well as construction of a community room, the level of environmental impacts is likely to be low to moderate. The ESMF checklist is designed to identify these potential impacts, and avoiding or mitigating them
2.3.2 Natural Habitat (OP 4.04)
The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank therefore supports the protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and their functions. Box 2.3
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This OP is not triggered as the project interventions will not have any adverse impact on natural habitats
2.3.3 Pest Management (OP 4.09)
Through this OP, the WB supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. This policy is not triggered as the subprojects/activities are not involved with use of pesticides and pest management. Box 2.4 This OP is not triggered as the subprojects/activities are not involved with the use of pesticides and pest management.
2.3.4 Indigenous People (OP 4.10)
For purposes of this policy, the term “Indigenous Peoples” is used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing characteristics in varying degrees.
This policy is not triggered as there are no indigenous people in the project area. Although there are no known indigenous people as defined by OP 4.10 in South Punjab
2.3.5 Physical Cultural Resources (OP 4.11)
The World Bank’s general policy regarding cultural properties is to assist in their preservation, and to seek to avoid their elimination. The specific aspects of the Policy are given below.
The Bank normally declines to finance projects that will significantly damage non-replicable cultural property, and will assist only those projects that are sited or designed so as to prevent such damage. The Bank will assist in the protection and enhancement of cultural properties encountered in Bank-financed projects, rather than leaving that protection to chance. In some cases, the project is best relocated in order that sites and structures can be preserved, studied, and restored intact in situ. In other cases, structures can be relocated, preserved, studied, and restored on alternate sites. Often, scientific study, selective salvage, and museum preservation before destruction is all that is necessary. Most such projects should include the training and strengthening of institutions entrusted with safeguarding a nation’s cultural patrimony. Such activities should be directly included in the scope of the project, rather than being postponed for some possible future action, and the costs are to be internalized in computing overall project costs. This policy pertains to any project in which the Bank is involved, irrespective of whether the Bank is itself financing the part of the project that may affect cultural property.
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Since the project activities will be carried out in community occupied areas or Government schools and Government owned land for construction of sewerage/drainage and PCC roads/sollings, it is unlikely that any sites of cultural, archeological, historical, or religious significance will be affected. Therefore, this OP is not triggered 2.3.6 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12)
The WB’s experience indicates that involuntary resettlement under development projects, if unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and environmental risks. This policy includes safeguards to address and mitigate these risks. The overall objectives of the Policy are:
Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them. This policy has been triggered for the project as a whole and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared in case private land acquisition is required. In general, land needs for project interventions will either be met through VLD (the procedures for which are laid out in this ESMF) or through the provision of state/government owned landing PSNIP sub-projects, sites will be located within school compound. Preliminary screening will be undertaken to ensure that the land used for toilets does indeed belong to the school, there is no dispute over it and that there are no squatters/encroachers using this land. For the construction of a multipurpose room on land provided by the community in all model villages (for communal gatherings and to strengthen the Village Organizations), WB’s safeguards policy of VLD will be applicable. VLD procedures as per WB Guidelines will be applicable for construction of oxidation ponds whilst for other subprojects/ activities i.e. sewerage / drainage, installation of solid waste bins and construction of PCC roads /sollings, Government land will be used where there are no squatters/encroachers using that land.
2.3.7 Forests (OP 4.36)
The objective of this Policy is to assist the WB’s borrowers to harness the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively into sustainable economic development, and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests. This policy is not triggered in case of PSNIP subprojects because the hard component will not relevant to any reserved forest protected under Forest Department, Government of Punjab.
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2.3.8 Safety of Dams (OP 4.37)
The Policy seeks to ensure that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for the safety of dams the WB finances.
However, this OP is not relevant since the proposed project does not involve construction of dams.
2.3.9 Projects on International Waterways (OP 7.50)
This OP defines the procedure to be followed for projects the WB finances that are located on any water body that forms a boundary between, or flows through two or more states. However, this OP is not relevant since the proposed project interventions do not located on international waterways.
2.3.10 World Bank Guidelines
The principal World Bank publications that contain environmental and social guidelines are listed below.
Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines prepared by International Finance Corporation and World Bank in 2007. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998: Towards Cleaner Production Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Policies, Procedures, and Cross-Sectoral Issues. Social Analysis Sourcebook.
The screening checklists (Annexures C&D) and generic ESMP (Annexures E) are prepared for the subprojects under PSNIP would need to comply with the above guidelines. In case of any conflict between the above guidelines and the ones discussed under Section 2.6.1, the WB guidelines will be followed.
2.4 OBLIGATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAWS/TREATIES Pakistan is signatory of several Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), including:
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol, Montreal Protocol, UN Convention to Combat Desertification, Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Cartagena Protocol.
These MEAs impose requirements and restrictions of varying degrees upon the member countries, in order to meet the objectives of these agreements. Therefore, the provisions of these laws and treaties
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2.5 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Environmental issues are governed by three levels of the government viz. Federal, Provincial and Local Government. The Cabinet Secretariat through Climate Change Division is the Ministry at the Federal level, which oversees the affairs of the environment in the country. The Government of Punjab (GOP) has designated its Punjab Environment Protection Department and Punjab Environment Protection Agency, to administer matters related to the environment in Punjab.
PEPA 2012 and PEPA Review of IEE/EIA Regulations 2000 have the key laws/regulations for environment management in Punjab and Punjab Environment Protection Agency is the leading agency for implementation, revision or establishment of NEQS and environment protection regulations. A Director General who exercises powers delegated to him by the Provincial Government heads the Punjab EPA. IEEs and EIAs are submitted to Punjab EPA for approval.
2.6 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR SANITATION IN PUNJAB At present Local Governments, Public Health Engineering Department and Water and Sanitation Agencies are responsible for provision of Sanitation services in Punjab
2.6.1 Local Government
Punjab Local Governments Act 2013 empowers the urban local governments including Metropolitan Corporation, Municipal Corporations and Municipal Committees to provide sanitation services in urban areas of Punjab expect where WASAs are working. Whereas rural local governments including District Councils and Union councils are responsible to provide sanitation in rural areas of Punjab.
2.6.2 Water & Sanitation Agencies WASAs are established under Lahore Development of Cities Act 1975 and Punjab Development of Cities Act 1976 in five6 big cities of Punjab to provide water and sanitation services.
2.6.3 Public Health Engineering Department PHE Department is the lead department in providing clean drinking water and sanitation services in rural areas of Punjab. The Department is capable to execute and manage large number of development schemes through its experienced Secretariat and Field staff throughout the province. The vision of Public Health Engineering Department includes:
i. To Enhance the Quality of the Life of the People of Punjab by Providing Safe Drinking Water. ii. Provide Safe Drinking Water for the Brackish, Barani areas, and where the Ground Water is Contaminated or otherwise Unsuitable for Drinking Purposes.
6.Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala and Multan
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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Legal and Institutional Framework Review iii. To Provide Pollution Free Environment by Executing Sewerage / Drainage Schemes and Construction of Sewage Treatment Plants. iv. Remove Regional Imbalances in the Present Coverage of this Sector by Prioritizing the Districts Wise Coverage. v. Meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the Sector.
Arrest the Environmental Degradation of Water Resources through Unregulated Discharge of Untreated Waste Water into Water Bodies.
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CHAPTER 3-PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND7 3.1.1 Child Survival is linked to Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50% of malnutrition is associated with repeated diarrhea or intestinal worm infections as a result of unsafe water, inadequate sanitation or insufficient hygiene. Lack of access to WASH has a huge impact on human health including:
Diarrhea is a leading cause of death in children under-five globally and its constant presence in low-income settings may contribute significantly to under-nutrition. Parasitic infections, such as soil-transmitted helminthes (worms), caused by lack of sanitation and hygiene, infect around two billion people globally, while an estimated four and a half billion people are at risk of infection. Such infections can lead to anemia, reduced physical development and inhibited cognitive development. Approximately a third of all child deaths are attributable to nutrition-related factors, such as low birth weight, stunting (low height for age) and severe wasting (low weight for height. Many children in developing regions suffer stunting, which reflects chronic nutritional deficiencies, and repeated ingestion of animal and human feces due to poor waste management and a lack of sanitation. WASH may also impact nutritional status indirectly by necessitating walking long distances in search of water and sanitation facilities and diverting a mother’s time away from child care.
With every episode of diarrhea, vital nutrients are lost from the body. Repeated episodes of diarrhea can also lead to chronic malnutrition, stunting and death in children.
With 27 million people, (13%) in Pakistan are defecating in the open, out of which 17.6 million people are (16%) in Punjab where 16.7 million (95%) open defecators reside in rural areas. Without toilets, there is elevated risk of bacterial infection. With mothers, birth attendants and extended family member’s all potentially handling children with infected hands, the chances of child sickness and stunting are high with a higher probability of death due to infections.
3.1.2 Latrines spillover: Open defecation matters for everybody Open defecation causes negative spillovers because germs from one person’s feces are released into the environment that make other people sick. Sanitation spillovers are one reason why even relatively well- off Indian children are shorter than international norms. Even if everybody in a family uses latrine, they get exposed by any open defecator around them. Considering the importance of sanitation for stunting and the relationship that height predicts economic productivity –ending open defecation should be a policy priority for countries where it is widespread.
7 .Derived from the PC-1 Document
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Fig 3.1: Relationship b/w Diseases and Lack of access to Sanitation
(Source- Safer water, better health: costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health - World Health Organization, Geneva, 2008, Zulfiqar Bhutta et al. What works, - Steven Esrey. Water, waste and well being)
Studies show that WASH interventions reduce the frequency of diarrhea by almost a third which results in increase in height of children ranging from 0.8 cm to 1.9 cm.
3.2. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan with approximately 53% of the country's total population. The rural population of the province comprises over 69 Million people living in 25,914 revenue villages within 4015 Union Councils in 36 Districts. A few hard facts of the province are highlighted below:
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Nutrition Status Comparison of selected nutritional indicators between MICS 2011 and the latest MICS 2014 shows a slight improvement in stunting; however, the number of underweight children and wasting has slightly increased as is shown in Table 3.1 and 3.2.
Table 3.1: Nutrition Status in PSNIP Project Districts
UMR Illiteracy No media Usage by Sr. OD Ratio Stunting District (Per 1000 rate Women No. (%) (%) lives) (%) (%)
1 Bahawalpur 26.0 36.7 119 52.0 44.8 2 Bahawalnagar 30.6 39.6 122 51.2 53.4 3 RY Khan 29.6 45.3 100 60.7 39.2 4 DG Khan 38.6 50.9 116 56.5 61.3 5 Layyah 29.1 38.8 97 44.5 55.0 6 Muzaffargarh 42.8 46.3 113 53.0 56.0 7 Rajanpur 49.4 47.6 109 63.1 61.3 8 Multan 19.6 34.1 88 42.4 37.6 9 Khanewal 19.3 34.5 113 47.3 51.9 10 Lodhran 29.7 38.0 114 55.7 42.7 11 Vehari 15.9 34.0 90 44.6 42.5
3.2.1. Sanitation and Hygiene Status The overall access to improved sanitation has gone up from 72.1% to 75.1% during 2011 to 2014 (MICS reports). Likewise, open defecation has gone down from 22.8% to 17.5% in the same period. Urban-Rural disparities in coverage are significant where the rate of improved sanitation in urban area was reported to be 92.1% compared to rural areas with 66.8%. Disparity in coverage is also significant in different economic classes where 24.7% of the poorest have access to safe sanitation compared to 97.3% for the richest (Report on Secondary Analysis of MICS 2014 to MAP inequities in WASH Sector). Further analysis shows that: Table 3.2: Under Nutrition Status in 2014 as compared to 2011
Under-nutrition Status MICS 2011 MICS 2014 Stunting( Severe + Moderate) 36% 33.5%
Underweight (Severe + Moderate) 33% 33.7%
Wasting(Severe + Moderate) 16% 17.5%
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Open defecation is primarily a rural phenomenon where only 5% of the open defecators belong to urban areas whereas 95% to rural Punjab. Open defecation is also linked to the economic status as 69.4% of the poorest practice open defecation compared to zero per cent of the richest. 90.5% of urban population wash hands with soap in comparison to 72% in rural. 40.5% of the poorest use water and soap for hand washing compared to 95.1% of the richest. Safely managed improved sanitation services (SDG definition) at HHs level in Punjab is 51% with 81.55% in urban areas and 38.30% in rural areas. Stunting is significantly high in population with open defecation (48.3%) compared to improved sanitation (29.3%) portraying a strong relationship between open defecation and stunting.
3.2.2. Drinking Water
THE SAFELY MANAGED DRINKING WATER (SDG DEFINITION) AT HHS LEVEL IS 54.13% The situation in southern Punjab is even more vulnerable where the rates of stunting and open defecation are higher than the provincial average. A quick glance of the situation is presented in the table below:
Despite the ongoing efforts, inequalities and inequities in service provision, slow progress in improving the health indicators, and marginalization of the poor are key challenges. It has been proved globally (WHO Global Strategy for Reducing Stunting) as well as nationally (Multi Sectoral Action for Nutrition Project of Sindh) that achievement of the desired results requires adoption of an integrated and multi- sectoral approach. For this purpose, the government of Punjab has launched Multi
Sectoral Nutrition Strategy (MSNS) in September 2015 comprising of eight sectors (WASH, Health, Food, Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, Social Protection and Education). WASH sector has a key role in addressing stunting. In this regard, HUD&PHED has notified WASH sectoral group for effective implementation of MSNS. Action Plan/Implementation plan for the prevention of stunting would be prepared by Health sectoral group of MSNS.
There are 8,377 villages in 11 Districts of Southern Punjab out of which 3747 are already under implementation through ODF campaign with the support of GoP, UNICEF and Plan International. All villages in District Rajanpur and Bahawalpur have almost been covered by PHED / LG&CDD / Development partners / NGOs. A balance of 4630 villages are unattended in 9 out of the 11 districts for ODF campaign of which 3000 villages will be covered through this project8.
The Districts have been prioritized on the basis of (a) the high rate of open defecation in the village; (b) the highest stunting rates.
8.PSNIP
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The strategy proposed in this project will serve the communities holistically by addressing gender inequity and vulnerability issues through WASH interventions.
OD Ratio
Figure 3.2: Open Defecation
3.3. PROJECT COMPONENTS Project will comprise of following components:
3.3.1. Component – I: Open Defecation Free Villages
3.3.1.1. Construct latrine facilities within premises on self-help basis by the HHs without toilet through raising awareness among communities by adopting social mobilization process using methodology of Community Led Total Sanitation under PATS and promotion of health and hygiene practices in 3,000 villages
3.3.1.2. VOs are an integral part of project design who will be vested with decision making of the village and actively supporting social mobilization along with initiatives of the NGO/CDU. VOs will be the first step for NGOs/CDU to constitute, if they do not exist already in some form. The VO will have the authority to maintain one female Irtikai karkun and manage their funds provided as reward.
3.3.1.3. Provide grant of Rs.200, 000 to each revenue ODF village organization (discounting model villages) to invest in improving water and sanitation facilities or support poorest of the poor for constructing toilet facility as per the consent and decision of the VO.
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3.3.1.4. Provide missing set of latrine (boys and girl’s latrine with hand washing station) for at least one school in 1/3rd ODF village in coordination with School Education Department. The project will only provide this facility for villages not covered under their Project on missing school facilities.
3.3.2. Component – II: Safely Managed Total Sanitation Facilities Create 20 model villages through provision of total sanitation facilities. The selected villages will be ODF with at least 400 HHs and those who have exhibited willingness based on criteria defined by PMU. The model will villages will deliver the following:
3.3.2.1. Sewerage / covered drainage facility (external component only) with small scale treatment unit for liquid waste management 3.3.2.2. A robust BCC campaign 3.3.2.3. Fixing waste bins in streets, provision of small carriage facility like manual push cart @ one per village for solid waste management – where VO has employed staff for solid waste management. 3.3.2.4. Provide missing set of latrine (boys and girl’s latrine with hand washing station) for at least one school for every Model village in coordination with School Education Department. The project will only provide this facility for villages not covered under their Project on missing school facilities. 3.3.2.5. Provide drinking water facility to each model village through ongoing initiatives of Punjab Saaf Pani Company. 3.3.2.6. Provide free vaccination upon attainment of animal segregation and waste management, (where possible) through coordination with Livestock Department’s ongoing initiative.
3.3.3. Component – III: Institutional Strengthening for Improved Service Delivery Program Management: The component will support all aspects of project management including: a) management and coordination, b) monitoring and evaluation, c) technical assistance, and d) grievance redress system. The expected outcome of this component is an effective and transparent project management system. The main functions and activities will be to: (a) provide overall governance and direction to the project; (b) regularly monitor and analyze the overall and component specific quality and pace of implementation, ESMF compliance, budget and expenditures, and address any issues, bottlenecks, and gaps to ensure that progress in project implementation is on track; and (c) strengthen project communication and knowledge management.
Capacity Building & Coordination: An independent firm will be hired by the project to build capacity at all key tiers: province, district, and village levels. Capacity building will include trainings and exposure visits. Meetings to ensure coordination amongst all project entities will be held periodically through the life of the project.
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Monitoring, Evaluation, & Knowledge Management:
Monitoring of project activities will be closely linked to an IT platform developed under the project. This platform, which will include mobile-based monitoring and applications, will be developed at the PMU to be utilized for several purposes: a) awareness raising through dissemination of information, virtual training, and communications, b) community feedback and complaint redressal mechanism, c) daily monitoring of project activities, and d) generating reports to inform project implementation. This Platform will be accessible to, and utilized by all tiers – at the provincial, district, and village levels to allow for open and transparent monitoring and accountability of project activities and achievements. Smart monitoring devices (cell phones), linked to the platform, will be provided to field staff, VWCs, and Irtikai Karkun. All villagers will be able to connect to the IT platform to register complaints through mobile text messaging. The PMU will have the overall responsibility for M&E, but institutions at both the district and village levels will also be monitoring project activities guided by their respective roles and responsibilities. Independent firms will be recruited to carry out the baseline, midline, and end line for the project. Separate Third Party Evaluations (TPEs) will also be commissioned under the project district and village levels will also be monitoring project activities guided by their respective roles and responsibilities.
Integrated Total Sanitation Framework (ITSF)
Independent firms will be recruited to carry out the baseline, midline, and end line for the project. Separate Third Party Evaluations (TPEs) will also be commissioned under the project
3.4. METHODOLOGY Following methodology will be adopted for implementation for the program:
3.4.1. Social Mobilization Methodology for Awareness raising among communities (Soft Component) to ODF the village The project implementation approach focuses on creating ODF villages with universal access to toilet through PATS. There will be a population based support (approx. Rs. 200,000 per village) for all ODF revenue villages other than model villages. The funds may be utilized for: i. Minor repair of existing sewerage / drainage system ii. Communal water facilities, i.e. hand pumps iii. Providing material for latrine construction to poorest of the poor (where needed) The funds will be directly transferred by Provincial office (PMU) into joint account (Chairman and one Member) of the VO. Climbing up the sanitation ladder ODF communities will set a baseline to promote safe hygiene and sanitation in rural. In addition to setting minimal safe hygiene and sanitation environment the proposed project also set models to upscale to the total sanitation coverage. These model villages will be the ultimate focus of government of Punjab which may be attained for the remaining villages subject to provision of more funds.
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The project approach centers on behavioral triggering through self-realization using CLTS tools that assigns the communities responsibility to ensure construction and use of toilet facility and cleanliness within premises. CLTS methodology will be an entry point to achieve total sanitation by triggering action to change defecation behaviours at the community level and to create demand for improved sanitation facilities. The steps under CLTS will include: 1) Pre-triggering: As first step for building rapport with the selected communities and conducting situation analysis to assess the general state of health, nutrition and sanitation. 2) Triggering: Conducting triggering sessions in the communities. Some of the triggering activities include defecation area transect, mapping of defecation areas, calculations of feces and medical expenses, triggering disgust and ignition. 3) Post-triggering: Conducting follow-up activities in all targeted communities. Follow-up activities include immediate follow-up and encouragement, Community action follow-ups, participatory monitoring and indicators setting, verifying and certifying ODF status, ODF celebrations, and the monitoring and sustaining of ODF status. Role VOs will identify women activists (Irtikai Karkun) who will facilitate mobilization and get stipend through VOs and a mobile phone to report monitoring. School WASH Clubs (SWCs) will be supportive and will ensure their involvement in each relevant activity. 3.4.2. Safely Managed Total Sanitation Facilities The work on Safely Managed Total Sanitation Facilities will be executed during the term of the project in 20 villages of 11 Districts of Punjab. The villages for provision of total sanitation facilities (as mentioned above) will be selected as per following criteria: 1) Village has become ODF and all targets have been achieved within stipulated time period 2) Village is revenue village and has compact population of at least 400 HHs 3) Where water supply facility has been provided or planned to provide by HUD&PHED or Punjab Saaf Pani Company (PSPC). 4) Community is willing for Total sanitation work including the O&M and induction of bill collection system to meet the O&M related costs Providing land (either shamilaat or in person voluntary donation) for low cost treatment system Ensure proper and regular operation and maintenance of all the components installed by the project Covering all the O&M costs with minimal dependency on government funds Willing and capable to hire services of paid sanitary workers. 5) VO is registered with LGCD/DC office or PHED 6) A dedicated joint bank account for VWC has been opened 7) Performance of VO is satisfactory during ODF process 8) Proper resolution from community has been passed and signed relating the VO membership and approval relating to willingness to install model village facilities.
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The calculation on the cost of implements of the model villages is assumption based where unique estimates and design for each model village will be prepared and work will be started after its approval as per rules. 3.4.3. Institutional Strengthening for Improved Service Delivery PMU will be the main responsible agent for project coordination, management, knowledge, central capacity building and M&E.
The methodology will include hiring of an IT firm to develop the software and possibly run a multi- purpose dashboard as explained above. Similarly a firm contract will be provided to impart regular trainings to Chairman VOs, Irtikai karkun, CDU/NGO staff, school teachers and possibly district officers. A separate firm/professional will help develop/improve the information, education and communications material for imparting knowledge. A firm for each baseline, midline and end line as well as third party evaluation will be hired by PMU.
3.5. INTEGRATED PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (IPMF)
PMU within HUD&PHED, GoP will be responsible for the overall execution of the Program in 11 selected Districts. World Bank will co-finance and provide technical support. Three levels of implementation tiers is envisaged for the current project: 1) Provincial Level Program Support Activities 2) District Level Program Implementation Activities 3) Community / village level activities Details presented as following:
3.6. SECTOR COORDINATION MECHANISM 3.6.1. Provincial Nutrition Steering Committee A Provincial Nutrition Steering Committee (PNSC) under Planning and Development (P&D) Department is functional in the province. HUD&PHED leading the project is already a member of the committee and the current project is already in the committee’s agenda. The existing committee will act as provincial coordination platform for the WASH-SRP. The PMU of the project housed at HUD&PHED will work closely with PNSC ensuring timely reporting and information dissemination. PNSC will be the single committee overseeing the sanitation and nutrition projects under the inter-sectoral nutrition framework. The committee will provide coordination, resource mobilization and support role for all sectoral work including but not limited to WASH and health sectors. The committee is chaired by Chairman P&D Board and membered by Secretaries of the relevant Government Departments and development partners. 3.6.2. Project Steering Committee (PSC) The PSC will work under the chairmanship of Secretary HUD&PHED for supervision and monitoring of the programme activities on regular basis as per following structure:
Table 3.3: Structure of Project Steering Committee
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1 Secretary, HUD&PHE Department Chairman 2 Secretary, LG&CD Department Member 3 Member (SI), P&D Board Member 4 Secretary, Primary & Secondary Health Care Department Member 5 Secretary, School Education Department Member 6 Secretary, Environment Protection Department Member 7 Secretary, Auqaf Department Member 8 Secretary, Livestock Department Member 9 Head, MSNC, P&D Department Member 10 Chief Engineer (North / South), PHED Member 11 Deputy Secretary (Tech:), HUD&PHED Secretary / Member 12 Representative of UNICEF Member 13 Representative of WaterAid Member 14 Representative of Plan International Member 15 Representative of World Bank Member 16 Representative of WSSCC Member 17 Program Director, WASH-SRP Member
Terms of Reference (TORs) of the PSC are as under:
i. Facilitating and supervising the project activities as per action plan. ii. Ensuring inclusion and execution of role of other Government Departments (i.e. LGCD, Education, PSPC and Livestock & Dairy Production) and Development Partners in selected villages to mobilize resources iii. Holding quarterly meetings to review the progress (both physically and financially) 3.6.3. District WASH Coordination Committee Keeping in view the district level focus of the project a functional and notified District WASH Coordination Committee (DWCC) already exists in all target districts that is responsible for development and implementation of all WASH programs. The committee is chaired by the Deputy Commissioner of the respective district and membered by focal persons of the responsible government (including HUD&PHED) and non-government agencies (where membership of NGOs/IPs of the current project will be facilitated by HUD&PHED) at district level. The DWCC is providing coordination support to field implementation teams of all water, sanitation and hygiene programs where the current project will be incorporated in their responsibility. The structure of the DWCC is given as:
Table 3.4: Structure of District WASH Coordination Committee
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1 Deputy Commissioner Chairman 2 An elected representative from Provincial Assembly Member 3 Executive Engineer, PHED Secretary / Member 4 Assistant Director, LG&CD Member 5 CEO, Health Authority Member 6 CEO, Education Authority Member 7 District Coordinator, LHW Program Member 8 District Information Officer, Information Department Member 9 District Officer, Social Welfare Department Member 10 District Officer, Women Department Member 11 Representative of NGOs working on WASH Member 12 A representative from Community Member 13 A representative from livestock Department Member
Terms of References (TORs) of the DWCC are given as: i. District ODF Planning: Village selection/prioritization, target setting based on project timeline ii. Monitoring: Progress monitoring based on DMU’s and members’ feedback on regular basis iii. Coordination: With stakeholders to make them responsible for performing their role in the current project activities. iv. Mobilizing resources for WASH sector v. Organizing meetings on monthly basis for planning, progress review and developing future strategy vi. Coordinating with and sharing progress with (District Malnutrition Addressing Committee (DMAC)
3.6.4. Village Organizations (VOs) At village or community level VO will be structured by the program implementing agencies (NGOs/IPs and CDU of HUD&PHED with community consensus in each village (with appropriate women representation) containing 7-15 member to carry-out different development program, i.e. water, sanitation, nutrition and health etc.
The committee will be chaired by community elder (preferably also include the Irtikai Karkun) with representation from all parts of the community and public facilities (i.e. school, basic health unit and other community groups and committees). The implementing agencies will register the VO with the LGCD/District office or PHED and submit the record of the registration to the PMU.
The VO will provide implementation support by improving participation to field implementation teams of all nutrition, health, water, sanitation and other development programs. The structure of the committee will be as:
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1) Chairman 2) General secretary 3) Irtikai Karkun (if not Chairman) 4) Member Maliayt 5) 4-8 member
Major responsibilities of VWC will include:
1) Providing full support to social mobilizers (NGO and CDU) for conducting baseline, triggering and other ODF activities 2) Formulating and implementing village ODF action plan 3) Conducting Monthly review meeting and collecting community feedback 4) Ensuring construction of improved toilet in each household and conducting monitoring visits randomly to check the status 5) Declaring the village as ODF and requesting evaluation committee to certify the village as ODF 6) Utilizing the support provided by the Department as per criteria 7) Coordinating with UC Stakeholders
3.6.5. ODF Verification and Certification Committee
For ODF verification and certification a detailed mechanism will be developed. Before submission of the ODF claim by VO the status will be pre-verified by the implementing agencies (CDU/NGO). On successful pre-verification the claim will be submitted to the evaluation committee for final verification and approval. The ODF pre-verification will also require attestation from the relevant Secretary UC. Evaluation Committee consisting of selected members from DWCC (representatives from related government departments i.e. Health, Local Government and Education) will be constituted by Deputy Commissioner for ODF Verification and Certification. The following broad process will be followed to verify and certify the ODF status of the targeted communities:
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ole of NGOs and Private Sector
Figure 3.3: ODF Verification and Certification Committee
Formation and strengthening of the village organizations will be the primary role of CDU and NGOs.
CDU has been implementing the PATS program since few years and possess the field experience to achieve results for the current project as well. However, viewing the scale of interventions and existing resource of the CDU, the local NGOs and private sector entities tend to be in a better position to provide implementation support to the project, PMU and CDU. The engagement of NGOs and private sector entities, however, will be based on performance results. Under the project, private sector will be engaged as under:
i. NGOs will be given major role of executing social mobilization campaign to ODF the total target villages and will also play role in creating model villages. ii. Further, capacity building and monitoring will be outsourced so that best skills can be imported and performance of staff can be enhanced and monitored
Engagement of all NGOs/IPs, firms and consultants will be made through proper channel following the standard bidding process / competition.
3.6.5.1. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR NGOS The project will adopt robust selection criteria for an NGO implementing partner. The criteria will broadly follow the World Bank standards while generally may include, but not be restricted to, the following credentials while procuring services:
Proven familiarity and experience of multi-tiered social mobilization processes of more than 7 years Proven familiarity and experience of using Poverty Scorecard
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Proven familiarity and experience of using Community Institutions Maturity Indices for assessing institutional maturity Proven familiarity and experience of registering community institutions with local authorities Registered with government accepted authority under any of the Pakistan’s legislations for registering non-government organizations Preferably has been a partner of the World Bank or has experience of working with Bank funded projects Has worked in Punjab (preferably in the selected districts) with international organizations such as the UN on Sanitation, ODF, etc. Has active institutional setup/office in the district of interest Has been operational in the district of interest for at least three years to date Has prior experience of implementing sanitation and nutrition projects of a comparable size in one or more of the targeted districts
3.7. INTERAGENCY AND DONOR COORDINATION AND PARTNERSHIPS GoP and the proposed project will continue to work proactively with other Development Partners to ensure that expected outcomes and impacts from malnutrition and stunting reduction interventions are realized with efficient utilization of resources and without duplication of efforts. Areas for such coordination and partnerships may include:
Institutional strengthening at local, district, and provincial levels in both governmental and Non-governmental sectors Introducing innovative WASH models Creating coordination for planning, monitoring and WASH infrastructure improvement Sanitation quality improvement Developing incentive structure for institutional performance Sanitation demand analysis, resource mapping & mobilization etc. Creating demand for sanitation investment
While it is recognized that inter-agency coordination and partnerships are difficult to implement for various reasons, such partnerships tend to be successful when the collaboration starts at an early stage. At times, it may require non-conventional approach which the current project has adopted.
3.8. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS: Multiple stakeholders will perform their responsibilities either directly or indirectly. The framework below provides complete detail:
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Table 3.5: Stakeholders Framework
Department / Role Responsibility Organization
Financing / P&DD, Government Allocating Rs. 5163.348 million for the program Supervision of Punjab Mass media Campaign Supervision and Coordination World Bank Contributing US $ 10 million as funds for the program and technical assistance throughout the project timeline Execution HUD&PHED Implementing Program components holistically by involving technical and mobilization staff
Non-Governmental Implementing program activities regarding social mobilization Organizations assigned by HUD&PHED (NGOs)
Supporting and Education Dept. Formulating, notifying and activating the Schools WASH Clubs coordination for raising awareness among school children Ensuring budget allocation for missing WASH Facilities in schools as per standards prioritizing the ODF villages, where their project allows Health Dept. Engaging Health Care Providers (LHWs, SHNS, LHS) on WASH related messages (PHED will provide training) Regularizing dissemination of WASH messages through HCPs in communities, health facilities and institutions Ensuring WASH facilities in health centers / institutions from its own funds for staff and patients Provision of aqua tabs to community for water quality treatment through LHWs LG&CD Dept. Membership and oversight of VOs Prioritizing ODF villages for Rural Sanitation Program Prioritizing WASH investments through UC funds especially solid waste management Ensuring Sustainability of the project implements through follow up visits of UC secretary Information Dept. Mass Media Campaign through Print media Electronic media Livestock Provide free vaccination upon attainment of animal Department segregation and waste management, (where possible) through coordination with Livestock Department’s ongoing initiative. Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.41
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Punjab Saaf Pani Provide drinking water facility to each model village through Company ongoing initiatives of PSPC.
Development Overall DPs will be responsible to provide technical support. Partners However, specifically their role will be:
UNICEF Provision of Hand pumps where required Plan Int. ODF support in Districts Rajanpur and Bahawalpur WaterAid Support to HUD&PHED under Diarrhea reduction through WASH Interventions - Project Hope Districts in Vehari, Layyah and R.Y. Khan Institutional Strengthening of HUD&PHED staff especially in District Muzaffargarh and Rajanapur Community Construction of toilets within premises on self-help basis Provision of land for liquid and solid waste management (where required)
3.9. BENEFICIARIES: Rural communities in 3000 villages (nearly 5 Million) of southern Punjab in remaining OD areas will be the beneficiary of the program. Men, Women, Children and vulnerable communities will be focused w.r.t. program objectives.
3.10. SUSTAINABILITY: The success and sustainability of project interventions depends heavily on creating champions and building community ownership. Community based implementation and management of investments lead to increased ownership and better sustainability of investments in the long-run. The project will invest in community driven approaches. VOs will be formed and mobilized, and community participation will be ensured in all decision-making processes at the field level. The project also places a premium not only on generating robust data, but the Communications component includes an advocacy strategy complemented by social accountability mechanisms and community-based communications
Furthermore, Government institutions based in field or community level like Departments of School Education, Local Government, Saaf Pani Company, Livestock and Diary Production and Health will be involved since inception which will always remain in contact with communities. The WASH component is already in ToRs of these Departments and through the project, their staff will be trained and sensitized to disseminate the WASH messages and monitor the progress at all time. An added advantage under the program is that all these stakeholders are major stakeholder of Punjab nutrition strategy.
In addition to all the above, DWCC at district level and PNSC and PSC at Provincial level will collaborate the efforts of all partners during the process as well as for sustainability phase.
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Finally, the rewards will be provided to ODF villages to resolve the smaller WASH issues in the community. This will not only encourage and empower the communities but will also sensitize them on resolving water, sanitation and hygiene related issues holistically and through self-help.
3.11. MONITORING AND EVALUATION: The project will be monitored in different ways:
Real-time Monitoring: GIS based Android application will be introduced and data will be generated on real time basis to monitor the progress Third Party Collection of Information: Third Party will do the baseline, midline and end-line evaluations of the program. Third Party Validation of Infrastructure: Physical and financial planning of hard component will be verified by third party. Intra-government M&E Mechanism: M&E officials at provincial level housed in PMU, DMU and MSNC, P&DD will perform M&E monitoring. Progress relating the key performance indicators will also be collected by PMU (through DMU, CDU and NGOs) while DWCC, PNSC and PSC will also monitor the project’s performance on regular basis. Grievance Redress Mechanism: The project will establish a grievance redress hotline that will collect the community feedback on project throughout the project timeline.
Project Evaluations
In order to ensure the quality of interventions and track the project outcomes the project approach has incorporated evaluation and validation activities at three different stages (start, mid and end). A single or multiple skilled firms will be hired to conduct baseline, midline and end-line studies of the project component. All three research products at three different stages (before, during and after the project implementation), will assist the government, donors and the sectoral partners to gauge the impact of the project activities on the beneficiary communities. All three products will be submitted to PMU and after approval from relevant stakeholders to the wide audience for learning and experience sharing. The indicators will be followed as mentioned in results framework
Baseline will be conducted during the inception phase of the project to set a starting point for he intended project goals and assess the on-ground situation relating indicators under each project component. Midline study will be carried out when the project component has reached half of the planned tenure or completed the first halve of the planned activities (whichever achieved earlier). The Midline studies can be held independently by each of the project components based on pace of work and following the guidelines and procedures adopted during baseline study
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End-line study will be conducted when each of the components has completed the field implementation of all the planned activities and/or completed the project term (according the legal agreement between Bank and GoP).
3.12. THIRD PARTY VALIDATION The Project Director (PD) will be hiring services of one or more third party evaluation firms to evaluate the design, cost, process and progress of the component. The firm will analyze and assess the project component and its results keeping in view the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability and impact). A final report will be submitted by the firm to the PD and all relevant stakeholders when approved by the client. Major responsibilities will include:
Monitor the quality of process activities being conducted under hard components in comparison to standards and targets (A checklist of indicators to monitor will be defined mutually through consultation) Validating the design, cost and functionality of the sanitation schemes Validating the works executed as per standards set and financial claims as per work allotted and executed
3.13. CAPACITY BUILDING: Trainings will be provided to all Mobilization and technical Staff, LHWs/SHNS, while orientations will be given to VOs, SWCs. Technical training will be provided to VO of 2O villages. For these services of skilled capacity building firm will be hired and the work will be outsourced. The firm will be responsible for:
i. Development of training modules ii. Hiring of Master Trainers and building their capacity iii. Scheduling and conducting trainings iv. Reporting
3.14. BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION FRAMEWORK: Community being on the central stage of the BCC campaigns will be imparted education in water, sanitation, hygiene and solid waste management aspects. The objective will be to influence knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, norms and customs of adults through following BCC Framework:
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Fig. 3.4: Behavior Change Communication Framework
BCC campaign and its launch will be done in string coordination with the MSNC at P&DD. BCC Framework is enclosed.
3.15. GENDER BALANCE: Participation of female will be ensured at community level activities through:
1) Their representation in VOs and SWCs. 2) Ensuring that Irtikai Karkun be a female where possible 3) Making them active part of planning for WASH improvements in village. 4) Female activists will be identified and trained to reach females and children for raising awareness. 5) LHW and SH&NS will be trained for dissemination of WASH messages on regular basis in female and children
3.16. ADDRESSING VULNERABILITY: Southern Punjab is vulnerable compared to northern part of the province due to multiple reasons, considering the fact the current project is focuses on addressing the key issues of malnutrition and stunting through water and sanitation improvement initiatives. On achievement of ODF status all the 3000 villages (discounting model villages) will be given specified amount of reward to support the marginalized rural population in improving water, sanitation and hygiene facilities.
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The project developed model villages presenting a low cost sanitation model, with deliver health benefits to the resident population reducing the health costs and translating into economic gains.
3.17. RISK ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT: The project will conduct ESMF study followed by and ESMP that will present the project related risks and mitigation measure precisely. The following table is based on the existing knowledge and experience of HUD&PHED: Table 3.6: Risk Analysis and Management Framework
Sr. Level of Risks Risk Management No Risk
1. The poorest, disadvantaged and high risk Support in kind for poorest groups are outside of the sanitation Proper representation in WASH mainstream, causing constrained equity, Medium forum ownership and participation Awareness raising in all
2. WASH committees at provincial, district and Proper registration UC remained less proactive in matter of Regular progress review sanitation and hygiene promotion and legal Medium meetings and future planning coverage Development of action Plan and its monitoring
3. Local government bodies are not Proper training and mainstreamed and hence are less involved in sensitization of local bodies on Medium the development of hygiene and sanitation WASH sector activities 4. Improper allocation and irregular release of Strong coordination of P&DD, FD Budget for the program by Government of High and PHED Punjab 5. Planning, monitoring and management is Proper staff for the specific patchy at provincial and field levels Medium program with assigned tasks without multiple rolls 6. Capacity building of Government Identifying CB gaps and Departments did not materialize Medium scheduling proper trainings
7. Natural disasters such as monsoon floods on Introducing flood prone a large scale affecting the water supply and Low technologies in high risk areas sanitation infrastructure occurred repeatedly
8. Security/ law and order situation of the Tribal / desert / security high risk Low province areas will be excluded
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9. Improper mobility of staff Rental vehicles will be provided Medium
10. Lack of commitments of political entities at Ownership of the CM agenda by all levels Medium politicians and considering it as Nutrition emergency
3.18. IRTIKAI KARKUN: Irtikai Karkuns (community activists) are major actors in the villages to facilitate ODF campaign. It will preferably be a female (or male where female is not available) to perform the following tasks: 1) Conducting base line survey 2) Facilitating for organizing sessions 3) Reporting of the activities (through mobile based application) 4) Be active member of the VO 5) Coordinating with HUD&PHED / NGO staff
The Irtikai Karkun will be given a lump sum amount of Rs. 30,000 on deliverable basis.
3.19. TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS At household level, community will be guided on different options for following latrine construction that must be environment friendly:
1) Pour Flush Latrine connected either to: Single / double pit Septic Tank Sewerage 2) Location of toilet must be located at least 6 meter from the drinking water source (hand pumps / motor pump) and 30 meter from surface or stagnant water (pond, chappar, unprotected pool) (WHO guideline) 3) The size of the pit depends on the number of people using it and the design period, i.e. the length of time before it is full. Typically, the pit should be at least 2 m (over 6 feet) deep for a family of five for a design period of two to 3 years. The diameter should be at least 1 m (just over 3 feet); up to 1.2 m diameter will make it easier to dig but if it exceeds 1.5 m there is an increased risk of collapse, especially in sandy soils. 4) There needs to consider the geology, soil type and topography (the slope of the land) when considering sanitation technologies. In flood-prone areas, it is advisable to raise the mound of the latrine and prepare diversion ditches around it. When the soil condition is rocky and it is impossible to dig a deep pit, the depth of the pit can be extended by building upwards with concrete rings or blocks. However, care must be taken to ensure the structure remains watertight.
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The level of the water table must also be taken into consideration. The pit must be entirely above the water table at all times of the year. If the water table is near the surface of the ground, the waste in the pit may contaminate the groundwater. Mounted toilets is best option in this scenario. 5) Lining the pit with small holes prevents it from collapsing and provides support to the superstructure. The bottom of the pit should remain unlined to allow the percolation of liquids out of the pit. The super structure should be built using locally available materials. These may include a masonry wall made of cement blocks, bricks, or stone with cement or mud bindings; or a wooden structure covered with timber, bamboo, grass/thatch, sticks, leaves of banana trees, or canvas made of sacks. However, the type of super structure depends on several factors such as a household’s financial capacity, the availability of construction material locally, local customs and traditions, and the availability of skilled artisans. The program cost will be Rs. 6,185,724,947 of which 84% will be GoP share while 16% World Bank share as given below: Table 3.7: Estimated Budget of Project
Year Total Budget (Rs.) GoP (Rs.) World Bank (Rs.)
2017-18 (6 M) 139,962,360 101,844,960 38,117,400
2018-19 2,651,930,640 2,213,963,040 437,967,600
2019-20 2,709,422,532 2,278,401,132 431,021,400
2020-21 641,303,233 532,663,033 108,640,200
2021-22 (6 M) 43,106,182 36,476,182 6,630,000
Total 6,185,724,947 5,163,348,347 1,022,376,600
The program cost w.r.t. components, year and physical activities is given as below:
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Fig. 3.5: Program Components
Upon execution, schemes will be handed over to communities so they will be responsible for operation and maintenance but need based allocation for major repair (resulting in non-functionality) may be considered by the government. Proper mechanism will be developed by VO for revenue collection and its spending. Further, there is no O&M required for ODF.
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CHAPTER 4- ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS
This section of the Report presents a broader picture of the existing environmental and social conditions that include physical, biological and socio-economic environment of project districts of South Punjab that are: Table 4.1: Project Districts
Sr. No. District Sr. No. District Sr. No. District 1 Multan 5 Dera Ghazi Khan 9 Layyah 2 Ludhran 6 Rahim Yar Khan 10 Rajanpur 3 Khanewal 7 Bahawalpur 11 Vehari 4 Muzaffargarh 8 Bahawalnagar
The project District wise map surrounded by red line is shown in the following map:
Fig. 4.1: Project Area Districts
Baseline data includes an inventory of physical, ecological and socio-economic parameters in order to identify any potential impact on and changes to the natural and socioeconomic aspects. Covering these aspects, data has been grouped into three categories:
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Physical Environment
Land Environment (topography & geological conditions); Water Supply, Quality and Drainages; Air & Noise
Biological Environment
Vegetation/Flora (Trees, shrubs, crops etc.,) Fauna (mammals, Birds, fish etc.) Protected Areas (Hot spots, Game reserves etc.)
Socio-Economic Environment
Population Composition Public Facilities Education and Literacy Archeological Sites
4.1. METHODOLOGY OF BASELINE DATA COLLECTION For secondary baseline data collection, latest available data from national and international publications, journals and reports is gathered, analyzed and used accordingly. For Primary baseline data collection, a Sample Based Survey (SBS) was conducted by the ESMF consultant. A questionnaire was developed for the purpose (attached as Annexure A). For primary data collection to have an overview of the existing socio economic and environmental conditions, 25 villages (2 to 3 from each of 11 project districts) were surveyed. Findings of SBS are given in this chapter under relevant headings of environmental and socio economic parameters while details of data is given in Annexure P. Following is the detail of surveyed villages: Table 4.2: Villages Surveyed for Baseline Data Collection
Sr. No. Date Time Name of District Name of Village 1. 16-12-2017 10:00 hrs. Khanewal 1. 5-Kassi 2.Chah Dhunya Wala 2. 16-12-2017 02:00 hrs. Multan 3. Chak Ghagra 4. Mansoor Nagar(5-Marla Scheme) 3. 17-12-2017 10:00 hrs. Bahawalnagar 5. Mahar Wala 6. Swai Wala 4. 04-01-2018 10:00 hrs. Lodhran 7. Chah Hassuwala, (basti Kotha uthera) 8. Adam Wayne 9. Thada Theme
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5. 04-01-2018 02:00 hrs. Bahawalpur 10. 36/DNB 11. 43/DNB 6. 05-01-2018 08:00 hrs. Rahim Yar Khan 12. 124/P 13. 131/P 14. 192/P 7. 05-01-2018 02:00 hrs. Rajanpur 15. Kotla Naseer 16. Noushehra Kacha Pacca 8. 06-01-2018 08:00 hrs. Layyah 17. 150 TDA 18. Basti Wegg 19. 157 TDA 20. 138 TDA
9. 06-01-2018 12:00 hrs. D.G.Khan 21. Essan Wala 22. Wali Dad Khan 10. 06-01-2018 04:00 hrs. Muzaffargarh 23. Dittu Wali 11. 08-01-2018 10:00 hrs. Vehari 24. 15-WB 25. 57-WB
4.2. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT The physical environment baseline studies describe the physical conditions and characteristics in the defined study area around and within the Project areas. These studies include topography, geology, climate and weather patterns, land-use, soil type, air quality, noise, surface water and groundwater quality. Physical features of proposed area are given as;
4.2.1. Topography (Geography) Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province by area after Balochistan with an area of 205,344 square kilometers (79,284 square miles). It occupies 25.8% of the total landmass of Pakistan. Punjab province is bordered by Sindh to the south, the province of Balochistan to the southwest, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and the Islamabad Capital Territory and Azad Kashmir in the north. Punjab borders Jammu and Kashmir in the north, and the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east9.
Punjab's landscape mostly consists of fertile alluvial plains of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. The landscape is amongst the most heavily irrigated on earth and canals can be found throughout the province. Punjab also includes several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, the Margalla Hills in the north near Islamabad, and the Salt Range which divides the most northerly portion of Punjab, the Pothohar Plateau, from the rest of the province. Sparse deserts are found in
9Punjab Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority- Retrieved 14 July, 2016.
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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions southern Punjab near the border with Rajasthan and near the Sulaiman Range. Punjab also contains part of the Thal and Cholistan deserts10.
In South Punjab, elevation reaches 2,327 meters (7,635 ft.) near the hill station of Fort Munro in Dera Ghazi Khan. In terms of topography, around 22 million hectares (ha) or 25% of the total land area is cultivated. Of this, good-quality soils that do not constrain crop cultivation account for only 11 million ha. The other half consists of poor quality soils that significantly limit crop yields. A further 8 million ha are classed as cultivable, but are undeveloped owing to wind and water erosion, water-logging, salinity, sodicity, or lack of irrigation water.
4.2.2. Geology and Geomorphology11 Punjab Province mostly comprises of plain areas lying in Indus Basin formation. Major portion of the Punjab Province falls in the Indus Plain, which geologically originated in Late Pleistocene period by deposition of sediments from the Himalayas into abyssal sea. In early days, the sediments were carried by two river systems, viz., Indus and Ganges. Later in the geological history, the Ganges River changed its course from westward to eastward. Later, the Indus River and its five major tributaries, viz., Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Bias and Sutlej, carved the deposits of the early river systems. The soils in Punjab generally range from loamy sand to sandy.
In the south and south east, Cholistan reaches the Indian border whereas in the north it runs parallel to the southern part of the Punjab plains and river Sutlej making a common border with the Lodhran and Muzaffargrah districts. The region of South Punjab (having project districts) is divided into three main physical features i.e. (a) Riverine area, (b) plain area and (c) Desert area of Cholistan. The Riverine area of the district lies close on the river Sutlej which flows in the north along its boundary with Lodhran and Vehari districts.
4.2.3. Climate and Weather Patterns12 Most areas in Punjab experience extreme weather with foggy winters, often accompanied by rain. By mid- February the temperature begins to rise; springtime weather continues until mid-April, when the summer heat sets in. The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat. Heat records were broken in Multan in June 1993, when the mercury was reported to have risen to 54 °C. In August the oppressive heat is punctuated by the rainy season, referred to as breast, which brings relief in its wake. The hardest part of the summer is then over, but cooler weather does not come until late October. Recently the
10Government of Pakistan, 2007- Pakistan Economic Survey 2006–2007. Islamabad: Ministry of Finance; Mian, A., and Y. Javed. 1992. NCS [National Conservation Strategy] Sector Paper on Soils. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, World Conservation Union, and Journalists Resource Center.. 11. (Multan, Bahawalpur & DG Khan City Profiles, Punjab Planning and Development Department) 12 .Mercury drops to freezing point – Dawn Pakistan"
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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions province experienced one of the coldest winters in the last 70 years. Although densely settled, Region’s terrain is largely arid or semi-arid. Only 8% of the country's area receives more than 500 millimeters (mm) of rainfall per annum, mainly in the form of monsoon rain spread across 3 summer months of the year. This sub humid zone is essentially limited to the ecologically fragile uplands, comprising geologically recent mountains and foothills13. A climatological data was obtained and relation is established within the proposed region to determine the local climatic profile.
To describe the rainfall pattern and climate, the project area is divided into 3 divisions such as Multan, Bahawalpur and DG Khan respectively as shown in below table 4.3:14.
Table 4.3: Rainfall and Climate Pattern of 3 divisions
Division Climate Temperature Precipitation Driest & Warmest Months
Bahawalpur Desert The average annual The driest month is The rainfall here temperature is 25.7 °C in November, with 1 mm of averages 143 mm. Bahawalpur. In January, rain. June is the warmest Most precipitation the average temperature month of the year; falls in July, with an is 13.4 °C. It is the lowest temperature averages 35.6 average of 49 mm. average temperature. °C. DG Khan Desert The temperature here The average annual rainfall is 155 mm. The driest averages 25.7 °C. January month is November, with 2 mm of rainfall. With an has the lowest average average of 39 mm, the most precipitation falls in temperature of the year. July. The warmest month of the year is June, with It is 12.9 °C. an average temperature of 36.1 °C. Multan Desert The average annual The average rainfall The driest month is temperature is 25.6 °C in is 175 mm. Most of October. There is 2 mm of Multan. January is the the precipitation precipitation in October. coldest month, with here falls in July, With an average of 35.5 °C, temperatures averaging averaging 50 mm. June is the warmest month. 13.2 °C.
13Government of Pakistan, 2007- Pakistan Economic Survey 2006–2007. Islamabad: Ministry of Finance; Mian, A., and Y. Javed. 1992. NCS [National Conservation Strategy] Sector Paper on Soils. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, World Conservation Union, and Journalists Resource Center. 14Climate-Data.org
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Fig. 4.2: Average monthly Rainfall &Temperature pattern of Bahawalpur (Source: Climate-data.org)
Fig. 4.3: Average monthly Rainfall &Temperature pattern of DG Khan (Source: Climate-data.org)
Fig. 4.4: Average monthly Rainfall &Temperature pattern of Multan (Source: Climate-data.org)
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4.2.4. Natural Hazards
4.1.1.1 FLOODS
Eighteen major floods in 60 years (almost one major flood event every 3 years) are one of the main challenges to economic development. The 2010 floods were of unprecedented magnitude mainly triggered by the Indus and its tributaries and affected all the areas of the country.
Fig. 4.5: 2010 Flood discharges at control points15
In Punjab, heavy floods in 2010 were due to the major contribution of River Indus and later with the contribution of River Swat and Kabul. Indus at Taunsa Barrage received flood peak of 960,000 cusec on
15. Hashmi et al-A critical analysis of 2010 floods in Pakistan
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August 2, 2010, crossing the historic peak of 788,646 cusec recorded in 1958 and inundated a large number of abadies /villages and agricultural lands located at the left side of Indus River in District Muzaffargarh. Exceptionally16 high flash floods were recorded in D.G. Khan and hill torrents of District Rajanpur. Catastrophic flooding in 1778 villages of Punjab damaged 375,773 houses,746,900 ha of cropped area,2598 water courses and 2819 km of road infrastructure17 .2010 floods in Punjab affected a population of 8.2 Million resulting into life loss of more than 200 persons18and total economic losses of 219,272 Million PKR in the form of livestock, agriculture ,housing ,transport and communication, energy, water supply and sanitation ,irrigation and flood management ,environment and other sectors.19
Amongst the Project (PSNIP) districts, Rajanpur, Muzaffargarh and D.G. Khan were the most affected districts due to devastating floods of 2010.
One of the flood affected district of Rajanpur (Noushehra Sharqi-Katcha Pakka) was visited by the ESMF – PSNIP Consultant during Sample Based Study/Survey
4.1.1.2 SEISMIC ANALYSIS Pakistan is situated at the junction of three tectonic plates namely Indian, Eurasian and Arabian. The seismic hazard map of Pakistan is shown in Figure 4.720
Figure 4.6 shows that the project districts of South Punjab are situated in an area where earthquakes of low magnitude are expected. The Project area is located in Seismic Zone 2A, which lies between 3 and 4.5 on MMI scale. The site is far away from the region of High Seismic hazard zone.
16. Hashmi et al-A critical analysis of 2010 floods in Pakistan 17 .Hashmi et al-A critical analysis of 2010 floods in Pakistan 18 .Hashmi et al-A critical analysis of 2010 floods in Pakistan 19 .Pakistan Floods 2010-Preliminary Damage and Need Assessment- prepared jointly by the ADB,WB with technical contribution from One UN and Global Facility 20(Source: UN Habitat)
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Figure 4.6: Seismic hazards map of Pakistan
4.2.4.3. SOIL MORPHOLOGY The soils of the Punjab are composed of alluvial material, which was carried from the Himalayan ranges by tributaries of the vast Indus River system. Frequent changes in the rate of flow of the streams, recurrent floods, and ponding of the sediment-laden waters have created a varied and mixed soil pattern throughout the area21.The soils generally range from loamy sand to sandy. The lands are extensively cultivated under irrigation from canal systems off taking from Indus River. The major soils in the region are mainly loamy clay and loamy sandy soils. The top surface comprises vegetative cover which is underlain by Lean Clay/Silt (Soft to firm), up to 1m depth, the material is underlain by silty Sand (medium dense to dense) up to a maximum investigated depth of 30 m depth below NSL. Further hill torrents also bring silt and clay deposits in the lower reaches. These silts provide a highly fertile layer of soil to the region. Moving sand dunes are found in the region. Small patches contain shallow or very shallow, strongly calcareous, gravely and stony loams are also found in some areas. Soil map22 of province Punjab is shown as Figure below.
21Ground-Water Hydrology of the Punjab, West Pakistan With Emphasis on Problems Caused by Canal Irrigation GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1608-H prepared in cooperation with the West Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority, under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development 22https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/soil-map-punjab
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Figure 4.7: Soil Map of Punjab 4.2.5. Hydrology The country‘s large and growing population is sustained by, and critically dependent on, the Indus River and its tributaries. Irrigated agriculture accounts for more than 90% of food and fiber, and for most of fodder production. This often badly suffers due to the increase or shortage of rains in upstream areas. The river flows are highly vulnerable due to the melting of glaciers being the original sources of these rivers23.
Rising water tables and the salinization of land as the result of canal irrigation threaten the agricultural economy of the Punjab. Geologic studies have shown that virtually the entire Punjab is underlain to
23National Environmental Information Management System (NEIMS)- Environmental Profile of Punjab
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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions depths of 1,000 feet or more by unconsolidated alluvium, which is saturated to within a few feet of land surface. The alluvium varies in texture from medium sand to silty clay, but sandy sediments predominate. Large capacity wells, yielding 4 CFs or more, can be developed almost everywhere. Ground water occurring within a depth of 500 feet below the surface averages less than 1,000 ppm of dissolved solids throughout approximately two-thirds of the Punjab. It is estimated that the volume of usable ground water in storage in this part of the alluvial aquifer is on the order of 2 billion acre-feet. In the other one- third of the Punjab, total dissolved solids range from 1,000 to about 20,000 ppm. In about one-half of this area (one-sixth of the area of the Punjab) some ground waiter can be utilized by diluting with surface water from canals24.
The Indus Plain does not have well defined natural drainage. The introduction of irrigation system therefore resulted in surface and sub-surface drainage problems resulting in water logging and salinity, which has continued to aggravate over the period. Compared to the situation in the Upper Indus, groundwater use in the Lower Indus is very modest; yet waterlogging (groundwater within 1.5 meter of the soil surface) is common and has been assessed to prevail over 1.5 to 3.5 meters
The 11 Project Districts of South Punjab lie mostly in water logged area except some parts of Bahawalnagar, Multan, Vehari, Khanewal and Bahawalpur District
4.2.6. Surface Water Quality25 Natural surface water quality in Punjab is quite good (TDS 125-250 PPM) but high level of contamination is a serious problem.
Rivers are major source of surface water in Punjab and data of five rivers of Punjab is given in the following table 4.4.
Table 4.4: BOD Levels in five major rivers of Punjab
Sr. No. Name of River BOD (mg/L) 1 Jehlum 2.2 2 Chenab 4.6 3 Ravi 77 4 Sutlej 4.9 5 Indus 8.5
Jehlum River is relatively less polluted but downstream Jehlum has DO 7.0 mg/l; BOD 2.2 mg/l .Chenab 12% length depleted of DO; BOD 4.6 mg/l near Faisalabad. Ravi is the most polluted of Punjab Rivers and 62 km length Balloki-Lahore receives most wastewater discharge with BOD 77 mg/l devoid of DO under
24Ground-Water Hydrology of the Punjab, West Pakistan With Emphasis on Problems Caused by Canal Irrigation GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1608-H prepared in cooperation with the West Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority, under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for International Development 25 .Resources 2015, 4(4), 831-856 (http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/4/4/831/htm)
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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions low flow. Sutlej River due to inflow of effluents is devoid of oxygen over 24% lengths in low flow with BOD 4.9 mg/l (downstream kasur). Indus is less polluted with DO 8.5 in upper reach and BOD 2.9 mg (downstream Attock)26.
Detailed data on drinking water quality is not available for 11 project districts of South Punjab .Research studies and published data as a secondary source is available for cities like Lahore, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, Karachi and Islamabad only.
4.2.7. Water Quality and Functionality of Water Supply Schemes The technical assessment of water supply schemes in 21 districts in north, central & South Punjab conducted by the Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources in 2011 revealed that 43% of functional schemes supplied water less than 5 hours per day, while 31% supplied between 5-10 hours per day. In general, based on the observations of the survey teams, most of the distribution pipelines have been laid in the sewerage drains without using standard connecting accessories such as reducers, tee fittings, elbows and other pipelines fittings. It was observed physically, that the maintenance areas such as occasional cleaning, servicing of valves and hydrants, leak checking, repairs, disinfection of repaired section of the water distribution system, etc. are totally neglected by the operation staff of the water supply schemes 81% of the schemes have been constructed by PHED, 5% by TMAs, 1% by the community, 4% by Non-Government Organizations and 10% by multilateral donors 31% of the schemes are over 25 years old, 23% are between 20 to 25 years old, 16% are 15- 20 years old while 30% schemes are 10-15 years old.
According to SPHERE Project study in villages of Punjab, very high level of bacterial contamination was found.27(Figure below) and there were 2661 villages/locations that tested positive for bacteriological contamination28.
Fig. 4.8: Biological Contamination per District Punjab
In 80% of the schemes, there is no water treatment facility, while only 12% provide some treatment (chlorination, bleaching powder, potassium permanganate etc.). Water samples collected from the water sources of the functional water supply schemes indicates that 79% of the total
26Water and Irrigation in Punjab 27 .National Water Quality Monitoring Program, Water Quality Status in Pakistan, Phase IRV, 2001R2006, Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources 28SPHERE based Assessment of water access, quantity, perceived quality and sanitation in Punjab-2014-15
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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions collected samples are unsafe for drinking purpose because of microbiological and chemical contamination (iron, fluoride, nitrates) and physical problems (turbidity, hardness, total dissolved solids). Water samples collected from the houses of the consumers of the functional water supply schemes reveals that 88% of the total samples collected are unsafe for drinking purposes – the reasons are similar to those found at the sources29.
Amongst 25 surveyed villages, only 10 villages were having 100 % access to good quality drinking water and it was assessed on the basis of either reported by the villagers (who showed satisfaction over water quality) or by the Community Development Officers (CDOs) of respective district.02 villages have partially accessibility while remaining 13 villages have motor/hand pumps or they fetch water from their nearest villages (refer .Fig.4.9).
4.2.8. ACCESS TO WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
Access to Water Supply
PSLM data 2014-15 shows that 86 proportion of total population (urban and rural) in Pakistan has access to improved water sources while only 73 proportion of total population has access to sanitation30 The %age distribution of households (HHs) by sources of drinking water in PSNIP Project Districts (11 districts of South Punjab) is attached as Annexure R131,32
Motor Pumps are a major source of drinking water in in Vehari, Multan, Khanewal and Lodhran however, tap water and hand pumps are also common and dug wells are being used in D.G. Khan, Rajanpur, Muzaffargarh, Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar only (ref. Annexure R1).
In rural areas of Punjab, PHED and LG&CD are responsible to develop the water supply schemes which are afterwards operated and maintained by Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and Village Organizations (VOs). Detail of access to water supply schemes run by PHED in 25 surveyed villages is presented in Figure 4.10 which shows that PHED is providing access to its water supply schemes (run by CBOs) in 11 villages however Water and Sanitation Authority (WASA) providing water in Monsoornager (Multan).VOs are working effectively in 11 villages and they were consulted during stakeholders consultations sessions organized for ESMF baseline date collection.
29 Report on Technical Assessment of Water Supply Schemes Northern and Central Punjab (Volume-I), 2011. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources 30 . PSLM 2014-15 31 . Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2012-13. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan 32 .PSLM 2014-15
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Availability
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MUL (ChakGhagra) MUL (43/DNB) BWPR KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL (Chah… KWL nagar) (Mansoor MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR (Mahaar… BWNGR Hassuwala) (Chah LOD Wayne) (Adam LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wali) (Dittu MUZF Wala) (Essan K G D Khan) Dad (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Villages
Fig. 4.9: Access to Good Quality Drinking Water in 25 villages surveyed during ESMF Study
120 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100100 100 100 100 80 70 80 60 60 50 5050 50 50 5050 60 40 40 40 3030 30 30 30 30 30 40 20 20 20 20 20 10 1010 Percentage 20 00 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 02 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 20 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0
0
KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL (Chah… KWL (Chak… MUL MUL… (Swai… BWNGR BWNGR… (Chah… LOD (Adam… LOD LOD… (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK (Kotla… Raj (Noushehra) Raj B… (150 Layyah (Basti… Layyah (157… Layyah (138… Layyah (Dittu… MUZF (Essan… K G D (Wali… K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Water Supply scheme Hand Pumps Motor Pumps Have to fetch water
Fig. 4.10: Drinking Water Sources in 25 Surveyed Villages during ESMF Study
Amongst 25 surveyed villages:02 villages i.e. Esan Wala (D.G. Khan) and Naushehra Sahrqi (katcha pakka) had no access to drinking water and the 100 % of the villagers have to fetch water from nearby villages; Dittu Wali( Muzaffargarh) has recently provided with water supply scheme by PHED and is successfully functional by CBO but till survey date, it was not piped accessibility to HHs level and villagers had to fetch water from main supply; 45 % of villagers at Wali Dad Khan (D.G. Khan) had motor pumps at their homes while remaining 65% HHs had to fetch water from either others homes or from combined hand pumps present near a graveyard. Hand pumps and motor pumps utilization ratio is almost equal. Water supply schemes by PHED are successfully running by VOs in 12 villages (ref. Fig. 4.10)
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Access to Sanitation Facilities
Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces33. PSLM data (2014-15) shows that 100% of the urban population in project districts of South Punjab has access to flush toilets at household level. In case of rural population, 59 % of population in Rajanpur have no toilets. However, Muzaffargarh is at lowest rank i.e.35 to have access to flush toilets while Layyah is at highest rank i.e. 20 to have access to flush toilets (which is 72 % of rural population).(Data is attached as Annexure R2)
On the basis of SBS conducted in 25 villages of 11 Project Districts, it was found that: both villages in D.G.Khan have no access to toilets at HHs level with the status of 100% and 98 % status of Open Defecation(OD);Status of OD practice is 98% in Nouashehra Sharqi (Rajanpur) and 90 % in 192/P (Rahim Yar Khan) and Chak Ghagra (Multan) (Ref. Fig. 4.13).06 Open Defecation Free (ODF) Certified villages (5- Kassi (Khanewal); Mansoor Nagar (Multan);124/P &131/P(RYK) and 138 TDA&157 TDA(Layyah) were surveyed which were found in a comparatively better socio economic conditions. Besides 06 ODF Certified villages,15-WB (Vehari), Kotla Naseer (Rajanpur) and Adam Wayne(Lodhran)have 90%,95% and 90% respectively, access to HHs toilets. In Dittu Wali (Muzaffargarh),due to recent Awareness Program run by PHED, toilets were under construction and currently 60% HHs were having access to newly constructed toilets (Ref. Fig. 4.11)
120 98 98 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 60 60 50 50 50 40 40 30 30 30 30
20 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Raj… (157… Layyah KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL (Chah… KWL (Chak… MUL MUL… BWNGR… BWNGR… (Chah… LOD (Adam… LOD LOD… BWPR… BWPR… (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK (Kotla… Raj B… (150 Layyah (Basti… Layyah (138… Layyah (Dittu… MUZF (Essan… K G D (Wali… K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Fig. 4.11: Status of Open Defecation in 25 villages surveyed during ESMF Study
Types of Sanitation Facilities
33 .WHO
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PSLM 2014-2015 shows that 66 % of the Household population is using an improved34 sanitation facility which is not shared and only 9 % of household use an improved facility which is public or shared with other households.35In case of drainage facility, only 11 out of 25 surveyed villages have covered drainage system but it need major maintenance and rehabilitation while 10 villages have no drainage system and waste water goes to open fields (Fig 4.12)
120 100 100 100 100 95 100 100
100 90 90
80 70 70 70 70 60 60 50 50 50 40 40 30 Percentage 20 20 10 10 2 2 0
0
LOD…
BWNGR…
Raj(Kotla…
LOD LOD (Chah…
KWL (Chah… KWL
MUL (Chak…
D G D (Wali… K
LOD LOD (Adam…
RYK(124/P) RYK(131/P) RYK(192/P)
Layyah(157… Layyah(138…
MUZF(Dittu…
D G D K (Essan…
Layyah(Basti…
KWL KWL (5Kassi)
Layyah(150 B…
BWNGR(Swai…
MUL (Mansoor…
Vehari(15-WB) Vehari(57-WB)
BWPR(36/DNB) BWPR(43/DNB) Villages Raj(Noushehra) Fig. 4.12: Toilets Facility at HHs Level in 25 villages surveyed during ESMF Study
120 100 100 100 80 50 50 50 60 40 40 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Percentage 0
Raj…
LOD…
MUL…
BWPR… BWPR…
Layyah…
BWNGR… BWNGR…
Raj(Kotla…
LOD (Chah… LOD
KWL KWL (Chah…
MUL (Chak…
Vehari(15-… Vehari(57-…
D G D K (Wali…
LOD LOD (Adam…
RYK(124/P) RYK(131/P) RYK(192/P)
Layyah(150… Layyah(157… Layyah(138…
MUZF (Dittu… D G D K (Essan…
KWL KWL (5Kassi) Villages
Fig. 4.13: Access to covered pit toilets (HHs level) % of available toilets in 25 villages surveyed during ESMF Study
34 .Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation classify otherwise acceptable sanitation facilities which are public or shared between two or more households as unimproved. Therefore, the term “use of improved sanitation” is used to refer to improved sanitation facilities which are not public or shared. 35 .Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2014-15, Punjab Bureau of Statistics, P&DD, Government of Punjab, UNICEF, UNDP
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120 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 80 70 60 30
40 20 20 Percentage 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
LOD (Chah… LOD (Dittu Wali) MUZF KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL (Chah… KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL (Mansoor… MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR (Mahaar… BWNGR Wayne) (Adam LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wala) (Essan K G D Dad… (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Villages
Fig. 4.14: Access to Covered drainage Facility in 25 villages surveyed during ESMF Study
4.2.9. Air Quality
Pakistan’s urban air pollution is among the most severe in the world, and it significantly damages human health and the economy. Pakistan is the most urbanized country in South Asia, and it is undergoing rapid motorization and increasing energy use.
Government of Pakistan and Punjab has taken many initiatives towards air quality management in the form of Clean Air Program and installation of continuous monitoring stations to monitor Particulate Matter(PM),Sulfur Dioxide, Ozone, Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Dioxide. Pakistan Environment Protection Agency (PaK-EPA) in collaboration with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) carried out studies on air quality in various cities of Pakistan i.e. Lahore, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Quetta, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura and Faisalabad. A recent study was carried out by World Bank36 with data coverage (%age) for air quality parameters for five cities (Islamabad, Quetta, Karachi, Peshawar and Lahore) was taken.
A number of initiatives have been taken by The Government of Punjab after recent episodes of fogs in early winters in throughout cities of Punjab. “Punjab Clean Air Action Plan” and “Standing Instructions for Management of Episodes of Poor Air Quality in the Punjab (2017)” are one of those steps taken by GoP. In Lahore, at 5 different points, air quality meters are installed; however, there are no air quality meters that measure the Environmental Quality Standards for ambient air. It would take several meters, taking readings 24/7 that could give some idea of what the ambient air quality in just Lahore is. It is not enough to run a meter out for 24 hours and then take that for the whole city. The responsibility of the EPA and Government of Punjab is to ensure there enough meters in every urban District of Punjab that can accurately measure and report ambient air quality.
36 . Cleaning Pakistan’s Air-Policy Options to address the Cost of Outdoor Pollution-2014
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Lack of air quality data and its reliability has been a major challenge. While secondary data collection of this ESMF Report; it was found that no secondary data of Air Quality is available for districts of South Punjab. Published Reports/studies are based upon air quality data of major urban areas of Punjab (Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Rawalpindi, Lahore and some data on Sheikhupura city).Anyhow, it is recommended in ESMF to collect air quality data of sub-projects areas before and during execution to monitor the air quality and incorporate the necessary mitigation measure accordingly in the ESMPs
4.3. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The biological environment baseline studies describe the biological conditions and characteristics in the surrounding of the region on the basis of primary and the secondary data by describing:
Protected Wildlife Forests Wetlands Areas
4.3.1. Wildlife
4.3.1.1. FLORA
A comprehensive data about the floral species of proposed project site have been obtained through direct sighting as well as indirect methods (i.e. obtaining information through discussions with the local inhabitants as well as field staff of the Environment and Forest Department and consulting with the previous literature) mentioned below.
Most of the area of South Punjab is agricultural in nature, which is a habitat of several floral species. Dalbergiasissoo (Shisham), Poplar, Kikar (Accaciaarabica) are the most common trees, found throughout the project areas. Common floral species with rooted vegetation and few different types of herbs, shrubs, and bushes are also present along canal and roads. Numerous medicinal plant species were also observed there. Apart, a total of 22 plant species were recorded. No Species were recorded as vulnerable, although Prosopis cineraria, Salvedoraolieodis and Capparis decidua are endangered species, observed in abundance in the area and vicinity
Detail of Common flora is attached in Annexure B1
4.3.1.2. FAUNA
Vast Indus flood plains have been cleared of natural vegetation to grow crops. Very little wildlife habitat has been left untouched. Only animals like the jackal, mongoose, jungle cat, civet cat, scaly anteater, desert cat and the wild hare occur in these areas. Hog deer is found in riverine tracts. The crop residues and wild growth support reasonable populations of black and grey partridges.
Little vegetative cover, severity of climatic conditions and the great thrust of grazing animals on the deserts have left wild animals in a precarious position. Parts of Thall and Cholistan are now being
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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions irrigated, with the situation almost identical to that of the flood plains. Chinkara can still be found in average numbers in Cholistan, but rarely in Thall. The blackbuck, once plentiful in Cholistan has now been eliminated. However, efforts are being made to reintroduce them back into the country. A small number of blue bulls are found along the Pak-Indian border, and some parts of Cholistan. Grey partridge, species of sand grouse and the Indian courser are the main birds of the area. Peafowl occur in some areas in Cholistan.
The Thar Desert supports a fair population of the Chinkara gazelle. Peacocks are only found in the wild, mainly because of the protection they enjoy in Hindu communities.
The Indus dolphin, fishing cat, and smooth otter are found in the Indus River waters below the Chashma Barrage. The gavial has become extinct in Pakistan. Wild boar numbers have increased because of the immunity they enjoy in a Muslim society that forbids its consumption by humans. However, information about them is scanty. Information about carnivores in general is difficult to obtain because of their nocturnal mode of life and high mobility.
Detail of common fauna is given in Annexure B1 4.3.2. Forests Pakistan is a forest poor country. Only 4.72 million hectares or 5.36 % of its land mass is covered with forests (Fig 4.18). The primary reason for meagre forest area is that most of land area (70-80%) of Pakistan falls in arid or semi - arid zones where precipitation is too low to support tree growth37.
38For conservation and environmental management of South Punjab’s forests, South Punjab Forest Company (SPFC), a not-for-profit public sector company was incorporated in September 2015, under section 42 of the Companies Act 2017, established by the Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries Department under Government of the Punjab. The organization aims to stimulate private sector investment alongside public money to reduce deforestation in Punjab and combine forest conservation with sustainable economic development. The investment objective of the company is to encourage investment in assets that can be established and managed on environmentally and socially sustainable basis. The Punjab Forest Department has assigned a blank area of 99,077 acres to SPFC mainly falling in D.G. Khan and Bahawalpur Civil Division at various sites, with variant areas. The aforementioned areas are generally under the category of Riverine Forests requiring considerable investment for afforestation, as the reliance has to be made on groundwater. Detail of forest areas in various districts of South Punjab is given in Annexure B2:
4.3.3. Protected Areas ACCORDING TO IUCN, A PROTECTED AREA IS A CLEARLY DEFINED GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE, RECOGNIZED, DEDICATED AND MANAGED THROUGH LEGAL OR OTHER EFFECTIVE MEANS, TO ACHIEVE THE LONG-TERM CONSERVATION OF NATURE WITH ASSOCIATED ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND CULTURAL VALUES.
37Forests& Biodiversity Information/Data Report-2009 38 .http://spfc.org.pk
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PROTECTED AREAS CAN TAKE ON MANY DIFFERENT FORMS, SUCH AS NATIONAL PARKS, WILDERNESS AREAS, GAME RESERVES, WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES ETC39. Pakistan has 29 protected areas known as national parks and 22 out of them are under supervision of respective provincial governments. Only some of these are under the conservation scope of IUCN. Protection and conservation of the environment of Pakistan was included in the concurrent constitution of 1973. As a result, Environment Protection Ordinance was enacted in 1983, which was mainly regulated by the Environment and Urban Affairs Division. Later, a new system of 'Modern Protected Areas' legislation began at the provincial level which assigned the protected areas with designations such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves. Due to more awareness about their importance in conservation of biodiversity, 10 national parks have been established during the time period from 1993 to 200540. The Status of Protected areas of Pakistan is shown in Table: 4.5
Table 4.5: Protected Areas in South Punjab
National Parks Wildlife Protected Wetlands Biosphere Reserves Sanctuaries Lal Suhanra National Cholistan Wildlife Taunsa Barrage, Lal Suhanra,Bahawalpur Park,Bahawalpur Sanctury Muzaffargarh Lal Suhanra,Bahawalpur
Lal Suhanra is a national park in Pakistan situated in the Bahawalpur district of South Punjab. It is one of South Asia’s largest national parks, and is a UNESCO declared Biosphere Reserve.41 Lal Sohanra is notable for the diversity of its landscape, which includes desert, forest and wetland ecosystems42.
4.4. SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with approximately 55.6% of the country’s total population, having 36 districts as shown in map below. It is bordered by Azad Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast, Indian Punjab to the east, Sindh to the south, Balochistan to the southwest, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and Islamabad Capital Territory to the north. The main languages spoken in the province include Punjabi and Saraiki and the dialects of Mewati and Potowari. The name Punjab province is derived from derives from the words Panj (Five), and Āb (Water). These refer to the Five Waters or the five tributaries of the Indus River, which are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej that flow through the province. Punjab has a geographical area of 20.63 million Hectares43 (equivalent to 206,300 Km2) and constitutes about 25.9% of Pakistan’s land area44.
This section presents a broad profile of the prevailing socioeconomic situation in Punjab generally or in designated project 11 districts of Southern Punjab specifically. This baseline has been prepared based
39IUCN, World parks, Congress, Sydney 2014 40Pakistan Protected Areas Meeting- IUCN 41 ."Lal Suhanra". UNESCO Retrieved 28 December,2016 42"Lal Suhanra National Park"- Forest, Wildlife and Fisheries Department, Punjab- Retrieved 28 December 2016 431 Hectare = 2.471 Acres; or 10,000 square meters 44Punjab Development Statistics 2013- Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab
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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions upon the secondary literature resources as well as reconnaissance survey conducted in all eleven (11) districts of Punjab. The subsequent section will include the existing conditions of sanitation, agriculture, poverty, education, health, available infrastructure, demography, labor, employment etc.
4.4.1. Administrative Profile Administratively, the province is divided into Districts, Sub-districts (Tehsils), Union Councils and Mauzas. The districts are further grouped into 9 divisions. Five large cities have been identified as urban centres, while other urban and rural settlements are grouped into sub districts only.
The administrative units in the province are as follows: 36 Districts 140 Tehsils 5 City Districts 38 Towns in 5 City Districts 25,914 Mauzas/villages 3464 Union Councils – of which 978 are Urban Union Councils and 2486 are Rural Union Councils 20 Cantonment Boards Furthermore, the province has the following educational and health institutions:
Education (2011-12): 42,048 primary schools 7756 middle schools 5589 high schools
Health (2012)45: 340 Hospitals 1201 Dispensaries 337 Rural Health Centres (RHCs) 2606 Basic Health Units (BHUs)
45Punjab Development Statistics, 2016.-Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab
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Figure 4.15: District Map of Punjab 4.4.2. Demographics The population of the province is estimated 101,391 million (68,911 million rural, 32,480 million urban) in 2016 which is over half the population of Pakistan. About 32 % of the population is urban and 68% is rural46. The male population accounts for about 50.800 million (51.7%), while females account for about 47.423 million (48.3%). Nearly 50% of Punjab’s population is under 20 years, and about 68% is under 30 years. This youth dividend is expected to dominate the population for another 30-35 years. The size, growth and age distribution demands that the province maintains a high and sustained GDP growth47. According to Drinking Water Sanitation & Hygiene- Punjab Sector Development Plan (2014-2024), Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan with approximately 55.6% of the country's total population. The population of Punjab increased from 20 million in 1951, to 73 million in 1998, and 94 million in 2011 and is expected to reach 101 million in 2015. The population growth rate in 1998 was 2.64%, which decreased to 1.9% in 2011. At the present growth rate of the population, Punjab is expected to double after 36 years. It is estimated that the population growth rate will reach 1.63% by 2030 with a population of 130 million, and by 2050 the population will have increased to 181 million. Rapid urbanisation and a growing population will continue to increase demands for sector and sub-sector services48.
46 .Development Statistics of Punjab 2016 prepared by the Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab 47Punjab Development Statistics 2016- Bureau of Statistics- Government of Punjab 48Drinking Water Sanitation & Hygiene- Punjab Sector Development Plan (2014-2024)
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The demographic profile of designated districts of Southern Punjab with respect to urban and rural population along with household’s number and size is shown in table below49:
Table 4.6: Demographic profile of project districts of south Punjab
Annual Sr. Population (2017) No. of Household District Growth Rate No. Households Size (1998-2017) Urban Rural Total 1 Multan 2,058,290 2,686,819 4,745,109 2.23 760,858 6.2 2 Khanewal 564,076 2,357,910 2,921,986 1.83 466,390 6.2 3 Lodhran 265,710 1,434,910 1,700,620 1.97 262,650 6.5 4 Vehari 505,703 2,391,743 2,897,446 1.73 458,068 6.3 5 D.G Khan 1,901,333 9,113,065 11,014,398 2.81 1,555,295 7 6 Muzaffargarh 694,771 3,627,238 4,322,009 2.63 667,515 6.5 7 Rajanpur 337,202 1,658,756 1,995,958 3.16 262,490 7.6 8 Layyah 321,505 1,502,725 1,824,230 2.59 281,929 6.4 9 Bahawalpur 1,171,258 2,496,848 3,668,106 2.18 584,864 6.2 Bahawal 10 621,096 2,360,823 2,981,919 1.96 481,276 6.2 Nagar Rahim Yar 11 1,032,636 3,781,370 4,814,006 2.27 701,520 6.9 Khan The demographic rural profile of designated districts of Southern Punjab with respect to male, female and transgender is shown in table 4.7 below50:
Table 4.7: Rural demographic profile of project districts of south Punjab
Population (2017) S. District No. Male Female Transgender Total
1 Multan 1376006 1310725 88 2,686,819 2 Khanewal 1198308 1159546 56 2,357,910 3 Lodhran 728058 706811 41 1,434,910 4 Vehari 1207300 1184310 133 2,391,743 5 D.G Khan 1171502 1152806 38 9,113,065 6 Muzaffargarh 1862671 1764477 90 3,627,238
49Development Statistics of Punjab 2016 prepared by the Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab 50 Development Statistics of Punjab 2016 prepared by the Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab
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7 Rajanpur 855347 803380 29 1,658,756 8 Layyah 762399 740300 26 1,502,725 9 Bahawalpur 1274019 1222729 100 2,496,848 10 Bahawal Nagar 1200605 1160124 94 2,360,823 11 Rahim Yar Khan 1940753 1840528 89 3,781,370
For primary data collection, 25 villages of 11 Project Districts of South Punjab were surveyed and detail of their population and HHs is as under51:
Table 4.8: Estimated population in surveyed villages of project districts
Sr. Population No. of No Division District Tehsil Village (2017) HH . 1 Multan Multan ChakGhaghra 2486 502 2 Multan Mansoorabad M 3 Khanewal Khanewal 5 Kassi (Jawind Singh Wala) 11726 1868 4 Lodhran Lodhran ChahHassuwala 9511 1517 Multan (Kothauthera) 5 Lodhran ThadaTheheem 4381 641 6 Vehari Vehari Chak 15/WB 4671 711 7 Vehari Chak 57 WB 4066 526 8 D.G Khan KotChutta Esan Wala (EssanGoraha) 3986 493 9 KotChutta Wali dad Khan 10 Muzaffargarh Muzaffargarh Dittuwali (DatanWali) 2028 277 11 D.G Khan Rajanpur Rajanpur KotlaNaseer 3616 524 12 Rajanpur NoushehraSharqi 8514 1140 13 Layyah Layyah Chak 157 TDA 1513 206 14 Layyah Chak 138 TDA 5063 846 15 Bahawalpur Yazman Chak 36/DNB 2668 417 16 Yazman Chak 43/DNB 2005 331 17 Bahawal Bahawal Nagar Sawaiwala 2521 403 Nagar Bahawalpur 18 Bahawal Nagar MahaarWali 7923 1235
19 Rahim Yar Rahim Yar Khan Chak 124/P 664 116 Khan
51 .Out of 25 surveyed villages, data of 05 villages was not available
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Sr. Population No. of No Division District Tehsil Village (2017) HH . 20 Rahim Yar Khan Chak 131/P 1603 249
4.4.3. Languages The main languages spoken in the province include Punjabi, Urdu and Saraiki and the dialects of Mewati and Potowari.
As the figure below illustrates, Punjabis and Urdu-speakers are significantly over-represented in urban Islamabad compared to their overall population in Pakistan, with Pashtuns not far behind. Sindhis and Balochis (and the minority Saraikis who live especially in Punjab) are under-represented in the capital city compared to their overall population in Pakistan. Moreover, population distribution in Punjab with respect to mother tongue is depicted below which clearly illustrated that Punjabi is found everywhere in the region52.
Figure 4.16: Population Distribution with respect to Language in Punjab
Fig 4.22 shows clearly that Siraiki is the dominant language in 25 surveyed villages of Project Districts i.e. 60% while Rangrii and Urdu speaking were also found. Anyhow, all of them can understand and communicate in Punjabi
52http://www.theleftcoaster.com/archives/015268.php
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120
100
80 60
Percentage 40 20
0
LOD (Chah Hassuwala) (Chah LOD Wegg) (Basti Layyah KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL Dhunyawala) (Chah KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL nagar) (Mansoor MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR Wali) (Mahaar BWNGR Wayne) (Adam LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wali) (Dittu MUZF Wala) (Essan K G D Khan) Dad (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Villages
Siraiki Punjabi Urdu Rangrii Fig. 4.17: Status of common languages in 25 surveyed villages
4.4.4. Basic Amenities Thousands of people in Punjab particularly in rural areas of the region are deprived of basic amenities such as gas, water, electricity, Basic Health Units, school and other health facilities.
To know the percent distribution of HHs satisfaction by facilities and services in 11 project Districts of Southern Punjab, PSLM data (as demonstrated in Tale 4.12) shows that:
Muzaffargarh is at least percent (i.e.41) with respect of distribution of BHU whilst Rajanpur with respect of school and Lodhran for Agriculture Extension. District Vehari has led to other 10 districts in percent distribution of HH satisfaction by facilities and service use of BHU, family planning, school, veterinary and agriculture extension.
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Table 4.9: Percent distribution of households Satisfaction by facilities & Services Use53
Basic Family Agriculture Name of District School Veterinary Police Health Unit Planning (EXT.) Vehari 88.43 97.43 97.88 94.85 97.37 69.18 Urban 0.00 100.00 96.25 65.31 100.00 35.21 Rural 88.43 97.14 98.31 96.42 97.18 80.00 Multan 68.10 79.54 98.23 85.33 65.77 41.10 Urban 84.00 72.15 96.50 64.09 46.88 31.11 Rural 66.70 86.03 99.53 86.30 72.90 42.32 Lodhran 78.89 86.94 98.55 90.82 45.80 44.43 Urban 0.00 68.88 98.22 100.00 62.76 38.89 Rural 78.89 96.80 98.63 90.66 44.26 45.56 Khanewal 58.55 86.37 98.42 78.07 58.15 17.47 Urban 75.00 83.68 100.00 52.66 36.12 11.38 Rural 58.39 88.17 97.98 79.37 60.03 21.97 DG Khan 72.18 68.89 87.69 80.46 78.80 48.27 Urban 62.49 74.15 97.14 27.42 56.11 43.26 Rural 72.34 67.06 85.56 81.38 80.02 49.34 Rajanpur 53.81 11.23 78.03 54.69 59.82 39.60 Urban 0.00 4.61 78.36 15.97 16.27 42.44 Rural 53.81 27.46 77.27 63.02 69.77 35.80 Layyah 58.68 77.50 97.24 67.54 66.56 76.19 Urban 51.44 63.26 92.97 67.18 65.78 33.55 Rural 59.20 82.87 97.96 67.56 66.65 94.39 Muzaffargarh 41.75 90.57 95.98 89.04 60.66 24.71 Urban 73.61 70.34 98.87 47.47 40.23 11.21 Rural 41.17 94.31 95.49 91.03 64.11 29.77 Bahawalpur 46.71 63.59 94.48 67.82 83.20 21.79 Urban 17.15 67.93 96.10 69.57 44.34 24.05 Rural 48.63 60.49 93.71 67.68 87.22 20.53 Bahawalnagar 65.00 75.97 98.41 94.05 95.67 41.75 Urban 46.00 74.40 100.00 84.02 45.11 58.96 Rural 66.33 76.99 97.88 94.73 98.98 29.87 RYK 56.12 65.56 97.52 62.66 76.39 33.21 Urban 74.53 73.93 98.69 65.62 68.24 34.26 Rural 55.12 63.93 97.20 62.52 76.99 32.90
53.PSLM-Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (2014-15) by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
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1.2 11 11 11 1 1 1 11 11 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 11 1 11 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0.8
0.6 0.4
Availability 0.2 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 00 00 00 00 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0
0
KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL Dhunyawala) (Chah KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL nagar) (Mansoor MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR Wali) (Mahaar BWNGR Hassuwala) (Chah LOD Wayne) (Adam LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wali) (Dittu MUZF Wala) (Essan K G D Khan) Dad (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Villages
Primary School(B) Primary School (G) Elementary School(G) Elementary School(B) High School (B) High School (G)
Fig. 4.18: Status of Schools Facilities in Surveyed Villages
During Sample ased Survey of 25 villages of Project Districts, it was found that 9 out of 25 villages have facility of Primary School (Girls), 7 villages have Elementary School (Girls) and only 3 villages have High School (Girls) while Chah Dhunya Wala (Khanewal); Thada Theeme (Lodhran); Noushehra Katcha Pakka (Rajanpur); Esan Wala (D.G. Khan) and Wali Daad Khan (D.G.Khan) have no school facility and the school going children have to go miles away to reach the nearest schools and that is the worst scenario in case of girls who are in school going age. In Esan Wala (D.G. Khan), only one female was primary pass who wished to study further due but to lack of school facility in her village, she is sitting idle at home.
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Table 4.10: Percent distribution of households by Fuel Used for Lighting (2014-2015)
Fuel Used for Lighting Name of District Electricity Gas/Oil Wood/Candle Other Total
Vehari 90.25 7.93 0.21 1.61 100.00 Urban 98.79 1.21 0.00 0.00 100.00 Rural 88.38 9.39 0.26 1.96 100.00 Multan 96.47 2.97 0.23 0.33 100.00 Urban 98.44 1.56 0.00 0.00 100.00 Rural 95.20 3.88 0.38 0.54 100.00 Lodhran 92.49 5.21 0.83 1.47 100.00 Urban 97.61 1.32 1.08 0.00 100.00 Rural 91.58 5.89 0.79 1.73 100.00 Khanewal 95.13 3.39 0.41 1.07 100.00 Urban 98.14 1.53 0.00 0.33 100.00 Rural 94.36 3.86 0.52 1.26 100.00 D.G. Khan 82.20 12.41 4.90 0.49 100.00 Urban 98.84 1.16 0.00 0.00 100.00 Rural 79.20 14.44 5.79 0.57 100.00 Rajanpur 73.96 23.85 0.00 2.19 100.00 Urban 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 Rural 68.68 28.69 0.00 2.63 100.00 Layyah 84.26 12.07 0.68 2.99 100.00 Urban 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 Rural 81.40 14.26 0.81 3.53 100.00 Muzaffargarh 89.90 8.05 1.19 0.86 100.00 Urban 99.25 0.00 0.00 0.75 100.00 Rural 88.56 9.20 1.36 0.86 100.00 Bahawalpur 89.67 4.77 0.19 5.37 100.00 Urban 97.88 1.58 0.00 0.54 100.00 Rural 86.49 6.01 0.27 7.23 100.00 Bahawalnagar 88.36 9.28 0.65 1.72 100.00 Urban 98.70 0.00 0.65 0.65 100.00 Rural 85.63 11.72 0.64 2.00 100.00 RYK 90.83 6.35 1.41 1.41 100.00 Urban 98.72 0.44 0.26 0.58 100.00 Rural 89.00 7.73 1.68 1.60 100.00
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Table 4.10 shows that almost 90 % rural areas of project districts use electricity for lighting purposes while all the rural areas of Rajanpur, Layyah, Muzaffargarh and Bahawalnagar have no gas facility for lighting.
Figure 4.19, 4.20 and 4.21 demonstrate the accessibility to Gas, Electricity and Basic Health facilities in 25 villages that were surveyed to collect primary baseline data and it is clear that other than one village i.e. Naushehra Ketcha Pakka (Rajanpur),24 villages have access to electricity while only 02 villages have gas facility for fuel.15 amongst 25 villages have no health facility of any kind and the villagers have to use cart, tractor/trolley to transfer the patients in case of any emergency
120
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40 Percentage 20
0
LOD LOD (Chah…
KWL KWL (Chah…
RYK(124/P) RYK(131/P) RYK(192/P)
KWL KWL (5Kassi)
MUL (Mansoor…
Vehari(15-WB) Vehari(57-WB)
D G D Dad… (Wali K
BWPR(36/DNB) BWPR(43/DNB)
Raj(Noushehra)
BWNGR(Mahaar…
Layyah(157 TDA) Layyah(138 TDA) Raj(Kotla Naseer)
Villages MUZF (DittuWali)
D G D K Wala) (Essan
LOD LOD (Thadatheme)
Layyah(150 B TDA)
MUL (ChakGhagra)
LOD LOD (AdamWayne) Layyah(Basti Wegg) BWNGR(Swai Wala) Fig. 4.19: Status of Access to Electricity Facility in 25 Surveyed Villages
120 100 100 100 80
60 40 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Percentage
KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL (Chah… KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL (Mansoor… MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR (Mahaar… BWNGR (Chah… LOD Wayne) (Adam LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wali) (Dittu MUZF Wala) (Essan K G D Dad… (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Fig. 4.20: Status of Access to Gas as a fuel in 25 Surveyed Villages
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2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 Number
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
KWL KWL (Chah…
RYK(124/P) RYK(131/P) RYK(192/P)
KWL KWL (5Kassi)
Vehari(15-WB) Vehari(57-WB)
BWPR(36/DNB) BWPR(43/DNB)
Raj(Noushehra)
Layyah(157 TDA) Layyah(138 TDA)
Raj(Kotla Naseer)
MUZF (DittuWali)
D G D K Wala) (Essan
LOD LOD (Thadatheme)
Layyah(150 B TDA) MUL (ChakGhagra)
LOD LOD (AdamWayne) Villages
Layyah(Basti Wegg)
BWNGRWala) (Swai
MUL (Mansoor nagar)
D G D K (Wali DadKhan) LOD LOD (ChahHassuwala) BWNGR(Mahaar Wali) Fig. 4.21: Status of Basic Health Unit / Dispensary and LHV Facility in 25 Villages
4.4.5. Nutrition Punjab, the most populous province of Pakistan and with the largest economy in the country, contributes more than three quarters of the country’s annual food grain production. At the same time, the country faces significant challenges with respect to nutrition. Nearly 40% of the province’s children under age 5 are nutritionally stunted (39.2 %.) The prevalence of underweight children is 29.8%, while wasting prevalence is 13.7%54.
Low birth weight resulting from fatal malnutrition can reduce a person’s IQ by 5 percentage points, stunting can reduce IQ by 5-11 points, and iodine deficiency by 10-15 points. Malnutrition has been found to reduce the likelihood that children will be enrolled in school and reduces the learning capacity of those who are enrolled. There are clear and direct relationships between school performance and subsequent earnings (Grantham-McGregor et al, 1999). Losses emanating from increased health costs resulting when malnutrition reduces immune response to infection. Malnourished children with poor schooling outcomes are also likely to repeat years more often increasing education costs. Such costs fall largely on governments, which are responsible for financing health and education for those, unable to pay55. The consequences of malnutrition are put in perspective for Punjab in Table below56 57.
54 Nutritional Policy Guidelines Notes Punjab -2012 55Economic Costs of Malnutrition”, paper prepared for DFID by Institute of Public Policy, Beacon house National University, Lahore, Social Policy and Development Centre, Karachi and Macroeconomic Insights, Islamabad, June 2012, unpublished. 56 Figures on consequences are taken from The Lancet Series, 2008. 57A severely wasted child has a 9.4 times greater risk of dying before the age of 5 than a child who is not wasted (The Lancet Series, 2008.)
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Fig. 4.22: Consequences of Malnutrition (in children under 5) in Punjab The Nutrition Status of districts of Punjab specifically in its south, prevalence of underweight, stunting, overweight etc. are more prominent as compared to other portions of the province. Information collected on nutrition of children shows that 34 % of children under 5 are underweight. The same proportion of children is stunted while 18 % are wasted. The three anthropometric indicators vary by household wealth. Nearly half of children living in the households in the lowest quintile are stunted (49%) and 48 % are underweight compared to 17 % for stunting and underweight in the highest quintile.
4.4.6. Agriculture
Agriculture is the predominant economic activity of most of the rural population of the South Punjab’s project districts. The principal sources of irrigation are the surface channels supplemented by tube- wells. Rainfall accounts only for a small proportion of the irrigation sources. Horticulture and aviculture are gaining popularity. Investments in sheep-, goat-, fish-, poultry-, and dairy-farming also exist. The five major crops of Punjab are wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, and maize. Pakistan's largest food crop is wheat. The agriculture land use of Punjab for cotton, sugarcane and wheat is shown in Figure below58.
Figure 4.23 is land use map for fulcrum of agricultural production of Punjab mainly for wheat, cotton and sugarcane and it represents very clearly that amongst 11 Project Districts of PSNIP, 08 districts of South Punjab (Layyah, D.G. Khan .Khanewal, Rajanpur, R.Y.Khan, Multan, Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar) are leading districts of Punjab for production of its major crops. Other important crops of this region are rice and fodder crops like barley, maize, millet, jwar and bajra South Punjab also contributes well in production of citrus fruits, Mangoes, dates and guava
58http://www.agribusiness.com.pk/major-crops-of-pakistan/
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Fig. 4.23: Agricultural Land Use for Sugarcane, Wheat and Cotton in Punjab
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4.4.7. Education and Literacy
Fig. 4.24: Proportion of Population that ever attended school
The population of ten years and older that has ever attended schools at National level was 62 % in 2014- 15 59 as compared to 61 % in 2012-13. This proportion is much higher in urban areas than in rural areas i.e.77% and 53 % respectively and higher in men than in women i.e. 72 % and 51% respectively. Punjab has the highest proportion of population that has ever attended the school than other provinces. It is evident from Table 4.11 that Layyah is leading with 64 % of population (i.e. 78% urban with 88% male and 68 % female), and 61 % rural population (75 % male and 45 % female) over other district, that have ever attended school while Rajanpur is having least portion of population (i.e. only 38 % with major contribution of rural females) that has ever attended school. 60Literacy is an important indicator of education as its improvement is likely to have an impact on other important indicators of welfare. The literacy rate for population 10 years and above at National level remains stagnant at 60% during the period 2014-15 and 2012-13.Literacy remains much higher in urban areas with 76 % than in rural areas with 51 % and much higher in men with 70 % than in women with 49 %.It is revealed from the PSLM 2014-15 data that Punjab leads with 63 % in 2014-15 as compared to 62 % in 2012-13
59 .PSLM 2014-15 60 .PSLM 2014-15
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Figure 4.29 below is based upon map showing literacy rate in population of 10 years and above in 36 districts of Punjab Table 4.11: Population that has ever attended School61 in 11 Project Districts of South Punjab62
District Urban Rural Total
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Multan 79 72 76 62 39 51 69 52 61
Lodhran 84 66 75 64 36 51 67 41 54 Khanewal 81 64 73 69 45 57 71 49 60
D.G.Khan 84 71 78 54 22 38 58 30 44
Rajanpur 76 57 67 44 18 32 49 25 38 Layyah 88 68 78 75 46 61 77 49 64
Muzaffargarh 79 63 71 58 28 43 60 33 47 Bahawalpur 76 61 69 56 30 43 61 38 50
Bahawalnagar 75 64 70 61 27 49 64 43 54
RYK 74 61 68 57 29 43 60 35 48
Figure 4.25 below is based upon map showing literacy rate in population of 10 years and above in 36 districts of Punjab
61 .Population aged 10 years or above that has ever attended school expressed as a %age of the total population aged 10 years and above 62 .PSLM 2014-15
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Fig. 4.25: Literacy – Population Trends
Educated 25% Illiterate Educated
Illiterate 75%
Fig. 4.26: Literacy Rate in 25 villages surveyed during ESMF Study
Figure 4.26 demonstrates the status of villagers who can read newspaper and may write their name in any language vs. those who don’t know reading and writing. Only 25 % of population, who was consulted during sample based data collection, was able to read newspaper and write their name while
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75 % of them were illiterate and they did never attend school. However, it was analysed that illiterate villagers were mostly in the age group of 35 years and above in male and 25 years and above in females and they responded that their younger chided are now attending schools. Missing Facilities in Schools: According to Pakistan Education Statistics 2010-11 of missing facilities in Government Primary and Middle schools in 2010-2011, 33% were without drinking water, while 36% had no latrines. 35% of government primary schools did not have safe drinking water and 38% did not have adequate latrine facilities. Figure 4.31 illustrates that schools present in 13 out of 25 villages have toilet and washing area facility while only 11 out of 25 village’s schools have no facility of drinking water.
120 100100 100100 100 100 100 100 100 100100 100100 100 100100 100 100100 100 100 100100 100 100
80
60 Percentage 40
20 00 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 00 0 00 00 00 0
0
RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL Dhunyawala) (Chah KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL nagar) (Mansoor MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR Wali) (Mahaar BWNGR Hassuwala) (Chah LOD Wayne) (Adam LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wali) (Dittu MUZF Wala) (Essan K G D Khan) Dad (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Have drinking water
Fig. 4.27: Facilities of toilets and washing areas in schools of 25 villages surveyed during ESMF Study
4.4.8. Gender Issues Generally, women in Pakistan are among the poorest and the most vulnerable sections of the society. Women’s access and control over productive resources is limited, which ranks Pakistan amongst the countries with high maternal and infant mortality rates63. According to WB, the maternal mortality ration (MMR) was 178 per 100,000 live births in 2015, down from 431 in 199064. Vulnerability of women
63World Bank Indicators - Data 64Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) by World Bank
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.86 Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions to discriminatory treatment varies across classes, region, and the urban / rural populations. The indicators for Gender Issues are concerned with gender parity in wage employment, political representation and education65.During primary baseline data collection in 25 villages of PSNIP districts, following gender issues were analyzed:
Issues related to Open Defecation: Women have to face many difficulties when they go in fields for Open Defecation as:
Defecating in the open seemed quite an uncomfortable task to do especially when they have to choose between early morning or late night.as they have to wait the full day till night (or early morning) when the male members of community are not around in open fields .It ultimately results in intestinal blockages and bowl obstructions. The problem gets more complex when the women are pregnant or they are in old age. And if in case they have some gastro intestinal problems, they have to defecate in their backyard which is highly unhygienic for the whole family. While going to open field at night, dogs biting is very common and it becomes very complicated due to lack of timely and proper medical facilities in remote villages. A case of 14 years girl’s death due to complex infections after dog biting was also reported by women in a village at Lodhran. In water scarce areas, due to unavailability of water for sanitation, it is even more difficult to go out for defecation. Women privacy is the major concern and they have to choose the hidden spaces/bushes or dense vegetation areas for defecation and 3,4 years back, it was easy to find such apices but now due to construction of new houses or in crop cutting seasons, they have to travel more. Women harassment events while going out alone at night are another sensitive issue of concern. That’s why young girls prefer to go in group. Despite having built toilets, poor maintenance, lack of drainage facility, lack of water and hygiene were the main reasons which made several women in the villages to prefer open fields to toilets, risking their safety, privacy and convenience. Lack of access to school, education and health facilities in their villages particularly young girl have to travel many kilometers to reach their schools and same is the case with pregnant women who have no or very little access to proper pre and post-natal medical care. Water scarcity and water quality is their major issue in the village that severely affects their health and agricultural productivity and even their livestock. Unemployment is quite high in this area and local communities usually do not have enough skills and education to qualify for non-labor employment opportunities. Improved employment opportunities for educated youth and skill set trainings for women were identified as the priority areas for future interventions. Once the villagers especially women are secured a respectable and constant source of income, then would be in a better position to participate in other activities.
65Report On The Status Of Millennium Development Goals Punjab – October 2012 UNDP
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4.4.9. Indigenous People Pakistan does not have any separate policy to define indigenous peoples or to protect their rights and cultural identities. However, the World Bank's Policy OP 4.10 on `Indigenous Peoples' defines indigenous peoples, in a generic sense of the term, to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics: Self-identification as member of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitat or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories; Customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and An indigenous language, often different from the official language of the country of region. There are no indigenous people in the PSNIP project area.
4.4.10. Places of Cultural/Archeological Importance Project districts of South Punjab have very rich cultural and archeological distinctions. During sub- projects execution, it must be considered at screening phase to identify such areas that may have any sort of negative impact due to project activities. Detail of important cultural .archeological sites of project districts is given in table 4.12.
Table 4.12: Important Cultural/Religious/Archeological Sites in Project Districts
District Name Type Location
Bahawalpur Noor Mahal Fort Bahawalpur Derawar Fort Fort Dera Nawab Sehab, Bahawalpur More than 20 different Shrines and Shrine/Mosque Uch Sharif Mosques of archaeological importance Jamia Masjid Al-Sadiq Mosque Bahawalpur Masjid e Hajat Mosque Bahawalpur Shrine of Hazrat Hasan Darya Kabir Shrine Bahawalpur Shrine of Khawaja Khuda Bux Shrine Khairpur Tamiwali Fareed Gate Gate Bahawalpur Abbasi Mosque Mosque Bahawalpur Sadiq Dane High School Public Building Farid Gate, Bahawalpur Multan Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam Shrine Multan Tomb of Shah Ali Akbar’s mother Shrine Suraj Miani
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Tomb of Shams Tabriz Shrine Suraj Miani Tomb of Shah Yousaf Gardazi Shrine Multan Shrine of Hazrat Bibi Pak Daman Shrine Near Basti Daira Shrine of Hazrat Bahuddin Zakriya Shrine Multan Shrine of Hazrat Makhdoom Rashid Shrine Multan Masjid Wazir Khan Mosque Multan Parahladpuri Tample Temple Multan Suraj Kund Temple Temple Suraj Kund Mound Ratti Khari Archaeological Head Bust 133,Village Site Bhatianwala,Kaberwala Fortification Wall of Shujabad City Archeological Shujaabad site Muzafargarh Tomb of Thar Khan Nahar Shrine Sitpur Tom of Sheikh Sadan Shaheed Shrine Village Sadan Fort of Mahmood Kot Fort Muzaffargarh D.G.Khan Shrine of Syed Ahmad Sultan Sakhi Shrine Muqam Village Sarwar Shrine of Hazrat Muhammad Seleman Shrine Taunsa Sharif Taunsvi
Shrine of Hazrat Khawaja Mahmood Shrine Taunsa Sharif Fort Manro Fort D.G.Khan Khanewal Shrine of Hazrat Hussain Shah Shrine Khanewal Old Ruined Mosque-Mauza Khatti Chaar Mosque Kabirwala Shrine of Hazrat Eidan Shah-Jahnaian Shrine Khanewal Road
Rahim Yar Shrine of Hazrat Sadar-Ud-Din Shamsi Shrine RYK Khan and son Rajanpur Shrine of Hazrat Khawaja Ghulam Farid Shrine Kot Mithan Shrine of Hazrat Taj Mahmud Shrine Rajanpur Harand Fort Fort Jampur/Dajal Vehari Shrine of Hazrat Baba Haji Sher Dewan Shrine Burewala Chawli Mashaikh Shrine of Hazrat AbuBakar Barraq Mailsi Shrine Vehari
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CHAPTER 5-STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION
5.1. CONTEXT Stakeholder engagement is part and parcel of the development process. Without meaningful consultation with relevant stakeholders, the effectiveness and sustainability of any project is at stake. The participation of project stakeholders is therefore considered an essential component for the preparation of a robust ESMF. Local communities, their representatives, Government and national and international NGOs and the civil society at large may all be able to contribute to, and benefit from, the dialogue directed at identifying and resolving key project-related issues. Stakeholder consultation presents an opportunity for mutual information-sharing and dialogue between the project proponent and stakeholders. An effective public consultation process provides concrete suggestions that can help improve project design, resolve conflicts at an early stage, identify management solutions to mitigate potentially adverse consequences and enhance positive impacts, and develop guidelines for effective monitoring and reporting of project activities throughout the project cycle.
In preparation for the ESMF, two major groups of stakeholders were identified:
i. Local communities who are the direct beneficiaries of the project interventions and therefore identified as the primary stakeholders ii. Institutions that have an important role in enabling the realization of the project interventions and therefore identified as the secondary stakeholders.
This chapter provides an overview of the stakeholder consultation process that was adopted by the consultants and presents the findings of the stakeholder engagements with primary and secondary stakeholders. The key aspects, including consultation objectives, consultation tools/methodologies and stakeholders’ feedback are discussed in the following sections.
5.2. CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES Local communities are the direct beneficiaries of the PSNIP and its subprojects. Community perceptions of the expected outcomes and the implementation process are necessary ingredients for ascertaining project success and adjustments to planned interventions. Moreover, organized community groups (VOs) have an important role in promoting the program concepts, identifying target households, and monitoring project activities at the local level.
Consultations with local communities were carried out in line with the following objectives:
Inform the local communities about the project concepts and planned project interventions Ascertain the community’s perceptions of the project concepts and planned project interventions and incorporate their feedback/comments in the main ESMF Report. Identification of potential positive and negative social and environmental impacts
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The methodology and detailed consultation feedback from communities of 25 villages of project districts is presented in Annex F and photos of the same are in Annexure G.
Consultation with communities revealed the following summary:
Demographic Sr.# Community Comment/Discussion Group 01 Villagers are very poor and facing lack of regular livelihood Women in all areas opportunities. They are aware of the need of proper hygiene for improved health, but due to lack of financial resources, construction and maintenance of toilets is not their priority. Women have to face many difficulties when they go in fields for Open Defecation as: Defecating in the open seemed quite an uncomfortable task to do especially when they have to choose between early morning or late night.as they have to wait the full day till night (or early morning) when the male members of community are not around in open fields .It ultimately results in intestinal blockages and bowl obstructions. The problem gets more complex when the women are pregnant or they are in old age. And if in case they have some gastro intestinal problems, they have to defecate in their backyard which is highly unhygienic for the whole family. While going to open field at night, dogs biting is very common and it becomes very complicated due to lack of timely and proper medical facilities in remote villages. A case of 14 years girl’s death due to complex infections after dog biting was also reported by women in a village at Lodhran. In water scarce areas, due to unavailability of water for sanitation, it is even more difficult to go out for defecation. Women privacy is the major concern and they have to choose the hidden spaces/bushes or dense vegetation areas for defecation and 3,4 years back, it was easy to find such apices but now due to construction of new houses or in crop cutting seasons, they have to travel more. Women harassment events while going out alone at night are another sensitive issue of concern. That’s why young girls prefer to go in group. Despite having built toilets, poor maintenance, lack of drainage facility, lack of water and hygiene were the main reasons which made several
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women in the villages to prefer open fields to toilets, risking their safety, privacy and convenience. Women need health and better education facilities in their villages. Water scarcity and water quality is their major issue in the village that severely affects their health and agricultural productivity and even their livestock. Unemployment is quite high in this area and local communities usually do not have enough skills and education to qualify for non-labor employment opportunities. Improved employment opportunities for educated youth and skill set trainings for women were identified as the priority areas for future interventions. Once the villagers especially women are secured a respectable and constant source of income, then would be in a better position to participate in other activities Personal Observations Besides poverty, cleanliness and maintenance of the facility and lack of waste water drainage /sewerage facility are the major constraint in construction of toilets. Where toilets are constructed by community(either as a result of previous sanitation projects or at their own)usability comprises of several other factors: Availability of the toilet for large family members and 10-12 number of children ; Accessibility i.e. is there sufficient lighting, are there ramps, wider entrance doors and handle/support for the disabled and senior citizens, are the toilet pans appropriate for different age groups such as children? While adults were using toilets, children were using the toilet premises itself. The sanitation infrastructure lacks the human life-cycle thinking. The recognition that different people have different sanitation requirements at different stages in their life which affects the way they use toilets is neglected in toilet design and construction. It is recommended to incorporate some aspects of this life-cycle thinking by making smaller pans for children and other necessary modifications in design for the families that have old aged persons or disables. Need to conduct rapid assessments (during preparation of ESMPs) of the different needs of toilet users in order to reorient the current toilet designs. Infants and children at early age are severely suffering from gastro
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intestinal diseases. And it was observed that due to poverty and lack of nutrition, mud eating is very common in infants which increase the risk of gastro intestinal diseases and helminthes related infections as they transmit through soils contaminated with human face. 02 There is a strong feudal system in the village and farmers have little or Farmers of D.G no control over their income and working hours. Khan, Majority of the villagers are associated directly or indirectly to farming Muzaffargarh activities and therefore, water scarcity is considered the most important issue for these villagers. Due to saline groundwater quality, agriculture activities are limited to monsoon season. Farmers mainly relying on livestock or labor as the major source of income. 03 Flood affects the most to the agriculture activities. Waterlogging also Farmers of destroyed most agriculture lands. Bahawalnagar and Farmers are keen to learn good agriculture practices because they are Rajanpur unaware of them. Livestock rearing is another source of livelihood of women. 04 Poverty and lower income levels are their major issue and due to lack Brick Kilns Laborers of financial resources, they are unable to construct toilets or may provide education to their children They want to switch their livelihoods to better sources of income but there is no such system exist 05 Creating employment opportunities for the educated youth is more Key Informants important than any other development. /Notables Construction of schools and basic health facilities are primary needs /Teachers and important to the villagers. /Educated Villagers have their own male and female committees which resolve community the village issues or matters and heads of the committee are selected /youth by mutual consensus of villagers. The disputes are also resolved by these committees. The concept of Village Organization is the modern form of it which is working well and benefiting the communities. Villagers are fully aware of the diseases due to unhygienic conditions and believe that healthy practices can improve the overall village environment. Villagers showed the support of PSNIP and asked if PHED would provide all the facilities in constructing the toilets along with proper drainage. Sewerage facilities, they will definitely use the toilets and
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stop open defecation and will cooperate by every respect with PHED. 06 Villagers affirmed that PSNIP can change villagers’ health and Men in 11 districts environment and can save children from diseases and they have ability to run the facility at their own after being handed over to the VO. Proper monitoring without political influence is main factor in improving the overall environment that must be considered. People were aware that diseases are mostly associated with the unhygienic conditions but find it very difficult for them to build latrines and enclosed washrooms.
5.3. CONSULTATION WITH INSTITUTIONS All the stakeholders play an important role in enabling the implementation of planned project interventions. Their understanding of the proposed interventions and the role they are expected to play in the project increases their ownership of the project and minimizes the risks of project derailment and delays. In light of this context, stakeholder engagement with relevant governmental and non- governmental actors66 was carried out.
66.Detail is given in Annexure Q
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CHAPTER 6- IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This Chapter assesses the potential impacts of the proposed project on environment and people. Also provided in the Chapter are the generic mitigation measures to minimize if not eliminating the potentially negative impacts, in order to ensure that the interventions under the proposed project do not cause environmental and/or social impacts beyond the acceptable level?
6.1. POSITIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PSNIP Most of the Project’s environmental and social impacts will be beneficial, including for example the positive effect on health caused by the reduction in Diarrhea and sanitation related diseases and the associated socio-economic benefits, considerable behavior change activities at community and district levels, and improved productivity (by the facility of oxidation ponds) and overall good sanitation and hygiene conditions. Positive social and environmental impacts of PSNIP are briefed in the following table: Table 6.1.Positive Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of PSNIP
Sr. Project Activities Social Benefits Environmental Benefits # Components 1. Component–I Construct latrine Community Awareness on Promotion of health Open facilities within health and hygiene and hygiene Defecation premises on self-help Extensive social Open defecation free Free Villages basis by the HHs mobilization will engage villages will present an without toilet through the overall village overall good raising awareness community under one environmental among communities objective of health and conditions by adopting social hygiene Better health and mobilization process Job creation and hygiene practices will using methodology of employment ultimately result in Community Led Total opportunities for good health and Sanitation under PATS educated youth. nutrition conditions of and promotion of Skilled and unskilled labor the women and health and hygiene will work on the schemes children practices in 3,000 to earn money for project The project will create villages time period and economic an open defecation activities will be free environment that developed. will help to eliminate There are significant non- sanitation & hygiene quantifiable social problems at grass root
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benefits, especially health level and deliver related benefits. The significant impact on decrease in morbidity health outcomes. rates, and infant There are significant mortality, are visible non-quantifiable social benefits. The access to benefits, especially clean water & sanitation health related benefits. will significantly reduce The decrease in incidence of water & morbidity rates, and sanitation borne diseases, infant mortality, are and other illness, and the visible benefits. The resultant productivity loss access to clean water & due to absenteeism from sanitation will work place. As these significantly reduce benefits are difficult to incidence of water & quantify, but are related sanitation borne to general environmental diseases, and other condition of the illness, and the beneficiaries. resultant productivity To ensure sustainable loss due to access of masses to absenteeism from work improved sanitation will place. As these benefits eliminate their sense of are difficult to quantify, deprivation. but are related to Inclusive facilities will general environmental reduce the work load of a condition of the family and open up beneficiaries educational and It will reduce water and employment air pollution opportunities with Human health will be ultimate result of poverty safeguarded, reduction reduction. in water & sanitation Women and girls will get borne diseases, access to safe sanitation reduction in mortality facilities at their homes rate and malnutrition which is quite safer and etc. eugenically better for Awareness among the their health society about health Safe sanitation access will hazards associated with have a very good impact drinking contaminated on women and girls water open defecation
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overall physical and will positively impact mental health their living standards. Awareness on health and hygiene will be helpful to reduce flood- related health impacts and disease prevention. Promotion of sustainable and judicious usage of natural resources. VOs are an integral By streamlining the VOs and local NGOs (to part of project design functioning and roles of be engaged in social who will be vested VOs, social cohesion and mobilization with decision making stability amongst villagers component) will be of the village and will be promoted and they introduced with the actively supporting will play a positive role in environment best social mobilization the betterment of their management practices along with initiatives community which will be asset for of the NGO/CDU. VOs Women participation and their future endeavors. will be the first step mobilization will activate VOs will play an for NGOs/CDU to the women community important role in the constitute, if they do and they will participate in overall promotion of not exist already in the decision making best health and some form. The VO processes. hygiene practices in will have the authority Ownership of project their village and overall to maintain one through communities and safe environmental female Irtikai karkun VOs will enhance the conditions and manage their social benefits of overall funds provided as investment reward. Women will be engaged as change agents and will help develop their skillset and provide informal employment. Empowerment of women through awareness and inclusive approach will reduce gender issues, enhance decision making
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within the community Provide grant of Rs. Poorest of the poor will Improved water and 200,000 to each get benefits from the sanitation facilities will revenue ODF village project enhance the organization Poorest of the poor who environmental beauty (discounting model don’t afford to construct and aesthetics of the villages) to invest in toilets due to financial villages improving water and constraints will be the Improved water and sanitation facilities or part of project and sanitation will reduce support poorest of the cumulative benefits. the diseases and poor for constructing Marginalized people and improve the health of toilet facility as per the people with disabilities villagers. consent and decision will get more of the VO opportunities to put their efforts in environment building. Rights like education, employment, status of disabled persons are the same as those of non-disable persons. Activities will be designed on identifying and removing barriers that prevent inclusion at attitudinal, environmental and institutional level. Provide missing set of Hand washing and latrine (boys and girl’s hygiene awareness latrine with hand amongst school teachers washing station) for at and students will promote least one school in better education facilities 1/3rd ODF village in Safe water and sanitation coordination with conditions will improve School Education the health status of school Department. The going children. project will only Improved educational provide this facility for levels due to higher villages not covered school enrolment and under their Project on attendance rates. missing school It will decrease the facilities.
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negative Impacts of childhood malnutrition on education. It will directly benefit school going children especially girls with behavior change better sanitary conditions in toilets good hygiene practices hand washing practices with soap and Motivation to implement same toilet model in their homes where open defecation is practiced. Component – Create 20 model Project will have Project will have II: Safely villages through integrated benefits of safe integrated benefits of Managed provision of total sanitation & drinking safe sanitation & Total sanitation facilities. water to improved health, drinking water to Sanitation The selected villages and education with improved health, and Facilities will be ODF with at significant impact on education with least 400 HHs and poverty alleviation, significant impact on those who have gender development, and poverty alleviation, exhibited willingness human resource gender development, based on criteria development in the and human resource defined by PMU service area. development in the Project is likely to create service area. differential access to Awareness, adaptation, project benefits or and mitigation for changes in traditional climate change and its rights or entitlements and implications for it ensure equal agriculture sector in the opportunities and Province. resources for women, girls Promotion of and other vulnerable sustainable and groups judicious usage of natural resources
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Sewerage / covered Business of Manufacturers Lack of adequate waste drainage facility / Entrepreneurs engaged water drainage and (external component in Water and Sanitation sanitation is one of the only) with small scale supplies will be developed major causes of the treatment unit for or grown high prevalence of liquid waste Will generate local water & sanitation management employment related diseases in Social conflicts (due to villages. With the wastewater disposal at better sanitation neighbor’s door and at facilities in model street) will be handled by villages, the a technical solution. communities will It will bring economic experience good development in the environmental project areas. changes. Facility of sewerage The sewerage system /covered drainage will will provide a healthier motivate the HHs to and more appropriate construct toilets at their way to manage liquid homes as now many of wastes them are reluctant due to With the operation of lack of sewerage systems. the sewerage system, The construction of pollution of ground sewerage/covered water will be controlled drainage systems will which is seriously reduce the social and deteriorated by the financial consequences discharge of sewage resulting from the direct waste in the area. damage to properties Water is a substantial caused by flooding, or natural resource and it even destruction of basic will be managed and infrastructure such as reused in the best roads, pavements and possible manner. houses. Moreover, It will also reduce any uncontrolled flooding indirect damage caused and the flow of surface by traffic congestion and water causes nuisance minimize the pedestrian and public health difficulties problems, development of mosquitoes, accumulation of litter,
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grease and other pollutants which will be minimized Better environmental and aesthetic conditions Ground water quality deterioration will be controlled Better health and hygiene will improve the health and prevent diseases Treated liquid waste will be used for agriculture activities and in crop fields that will enhance their productivity. Fertile lands which are under threat due to water shortages may be irrigated up to some extent. A robust BCC Community Awareness on Better environmental campaign health and hygiene and aesthetic Extensive social conditions mobilization will engage Better health and the overall village hygiene practices community under one Promotion of objective of health and sustainable and hygiene judicious usage of Job creation and natural resources employment opportunities for educated youth. Skilled and unskilled labor will work on the schemes to earn money for project time period and economic
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activities will be developed. There are significant non- quantifiable social benefits, especially health related benefits. The decrease in morbidity rates, and infant mortality, are visible benefits. The access to clean water & sanitation will significantly reduce incidence of water & sanitation borne diseases, and other illness, and the resultant productivity loss due to absenteeism from work place. As these benefits are difficult to quantify, but are related to general environmental condition of the beneficiaries To ensure sustainable access of masses to improved sanitation will eliminate their sense of deprivation. Inclusive facilities reduce, work load of family, open up educational and employment opportunities for poverty reduction Fixing waste bins in VO will actively participate Proper Solid waste streets, provision of in the better management management will small carriage facility practices and it will enhance the aesthetic like manual push cart strengthen their role. beauty and @ one per village for Skillset of employed staff environmental solid waste of VOs will be improved conditions of village management – where
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VO has employed staff and they may be further Solid waste collection for solid waste trained for solid waste system may further be management. management and disposal transformed into composing facility attached with villages and a source of revenue generation Other options may be at small scale biogas energy generation for future interventions. Awareness, adaptation, and mitigation for climate change and its implications for agriculture sector in the Province Provide drinking water Access to safe drinking Drinking water quality facility to each model water is right of everyone and availability is village through which will be indeed a concerned for everyone ongoing initiatives of great achievement which will be made Punjab Saaf Pani through this project. accessible Company Water borne diseases ratio(which is at laming adage in most of the villages) will be reduced Better health impacts will ultimately resulted in HHs savings which are being spent on heavy medical costs. Provide free A good initiative will Animal segregation and vaccination upon improve the livestock waste management will attainment of animal health. improve the segregation and waste Better livestock will environmental management, (where improve the economic conditions possible) through conditions of villagers and coordination with it will be helpful to reduce Livestock poverty. Department’s ongoing
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initiative. Component – Management and Effective and transparent ESMF compliance III: coordination project management. Mitigation of Institutional Monitoring and Accountability and environmental issues Strengthenin evaluation transparency and monitoring of EMP g for Technical assistance Quality assurance and will improve the Improved Grievance Redress effectiveness existing environmental Service System Time Management conditions. Delivery Capacity Building & Knowledge Management PMU at PHED will be technically Coordination: An Communication and independent firm will Reporting System strengthened by the presence of be hired by the project Coordination and Team Environmental to build capacity at all Building Safeguards Specialist as key tiers province, Generation of skilled and currently there is no district, and village trained HR levels position of Presence of Social Environment Specialist Monitoring, Safeguards Specialist will at PHED head office Evaluation, & be an asset for PHED as and at district level Knowledge currently Community offices. Management- Development Officers at Monitoring of project district level have no activities will be technical capacity for closely linked to an IT compliance of social platform developed safeguards. under the project. This Awareness raising through platform, which will dissemination of include mobile-based information, virtual monitoring and training, and applications, will be communications developed at the PMU. Community feedback and All villagers will be able complaint redressal to connect to the IT mechanism will be platform to register strengthened. . complaints through mobile text messaging. The PMU will have the overall responsibility for M&E, but institutions at both the district and village
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levels will also be monitoring project activities guided by their respective roles and responsibilities Third Party Evaluations (TPEs)
Besides, social and environmental impacts, following Health Benefits are also directly or indirectly associated with the project: Economic benefits related to health impacts of improved WSS services include three main ones, as previously evaluated:
Savings related to seeking less health care. Health care savings are estimated as a function of treatment seeking rates, medical practices and unit costs of medical services. Medical practices include the types of treatment given for a disease and the rate of in-patient admission or referral. All these variables fluctuate by disease and country. In addition, patients and their Fig. 6.1: A pit latrine or pit toilet careers incur treatment-seeking costs such as travel costs. Savings related to productive time losses from disease. Productivity losses are estimated based on disease rates, the number of days absent from productive activities, and the unit value of productive time. Given the stringent data requirements to estimate specifically financial losses from lost productive time, an economic value is given instead to time based on the sick person's age. To promote gender equity, men's and women's time are given the same value. Savings related to reductions in premature mortality. Mortality is valued using human capital approach to estimate the value of a premature death averted. Studies show that WASH interventions on the incidence of diarrhea vary widely along various water supply projects and across regions. 33% of diarrhea can be reduced. Mortality rates get reduced when the incidence of diarrhea is kept under check through the implementation of the WASH program
6.2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING The Components of the project which may have adverse social and environmental impacts will include following activities:
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Construction of toilets at HHs level with their own help and (boys and girl’s toilets with hand washing station) for at least one school for every ODF village. Sewerage / drainage / wastewater treatment facility in 20 ODF certified villages. Construction of a multi-purpose room on community provided land in all Model Villages for Communal gatherings and to strengthen the Village Organizations. Construction of paved roads/soling in 20 Model Villages
However, exact nature, extent, and location of these subprojects is not known at this stage, as stated in Chapter 1 also. These potential impacts of generic nature have nonetheless been screened using the Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist that is given in Annex C.
6.3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES The analysis of the alternatives is a part of ESMF process to select the best among all possible project options. The alternatives of a project are defined as the options that can help to meet the objectives of a project by different means including alternative project sites, technology or material, design or inputs. The key criteria when identifying alternatives is that they should be feasible and reasonable, environmentally sustainable and socially acceptable.
Selection of preferred alternative is based on scores of factors including cost, schedule of delivery, environmental and social impact and the cost for their redressal.
The drivers that affect potential alternative options and scenarios include:
Availability of project sites, current technologies; Design changes that need to be introduced, Operational situation, Capital & recurrent costs, Environmental & social issues, their potential impacts, and costs of mitigation. The “No Action” alternative situation is taken into account to demonstrate the need of the Project. In consideration of the different drivers, potential alternatives within the Project are restricted to the following aspects:
No Action alternative; Toilet Design Alternatives under PSNIP Paved Road/soling Sewerage/covered drainage and small scale waste water treatment facility
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6.3.1. The ‘No Action’ Alternative
Under this alternative, the project would not be undertaken in any form. The main potential negative impacts associated with the adoption of a null alternative include the following:
Open Defecation will persist in the target districts and 3000 villages will have no access to safe excreta disposal facilities. Stunting will persist in the target district which is 60% in children under age 5 (MICS survey 2014). The behavior of the people to defecate in the open will not be changed. The overall nutrition status of the province remains same The PATS program and other previous interventions will not be successful Water and sanitation borne diseases will be increased with the increase in population. Absents from schools due to aliens associated with poor health and hygiene conditions will persist and rather will increase.
The “null” or “no action” alternative is not preferred as the project will benefit more in conjunction with fulfilling goals of sanitation.
6.3.2. Toilet Design Alternatives under PSNIP
SELECTION OF BEST SUITED TECHNOLOGY FOR PSNIP PROJECT Keeping in consideration the factors like I) water table persist in project districts, ii) community acceptability iii) cost of construction iv) soil structure, v) area of construction and water availability, the following two types of toilet designs are selected:
i. Offset double pit toilet with pour flush – Also recommended in areas where water table is high if raised. Toilet is connected with leaching pits (stone lined) which act as a partial trickling filter and hence the water that escapes is bacteriologically less/not harmful. Once a pit is filled, the second one comes in use and the first is emptied over time. ii. Pit latrine – Only recommended where water is scarce and pour flush technique cannot be utilized and also water table is deep like in desert area.
The brief description of these two designs is described below. However, guidelines for construction of toilets are presented in Annex I.
6.3.2.1. PIT TOILETS
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A pit latrine or pit toilet is a type of toilet that collects human feces in a hole in the ground. They use either no water or one to three liters per flush with pour-flush pit latrines. The World Health Organization recommends they be built a reasonable distance from the house balancing issues of easy access versus that of smell. The distance from groundwater and surface water should be as large as possible to decrease the risk of groundwater pollution.
When the pit fills to within 0.5 meters (1.6 feet) of the top, it should be either emptied or a new pit constructed and the shelter moved or re-built at the new location. Fecal sludge management involves emptying pits as well as transporting, treating and using the collected fecal sludge. If this is not carried out properly, water pollution and public health risks can occur.
This option of is not preferred in water logged or shallow groundwater areas. Also the fecal sludge should be removed after filling the pit and there is a chance of spreading vector from the pit and odor problems. The construction of latrines should be outside to avoid odor and vector problems.
6.3.2.2. OFFSET DOUBLE PIT TOILET WITH POUR FLUSH An offset double pit toilet with pour flush is an offset single pit toilet with a second pit added. The double offset system enables alternating use of the two pits.
When the first pit is full it should be left for at least twelve months, the period required for adequate pathogen destruction. After this period, the decomposed contents of the first pit can safely be removed by hand and used as organic fertilizer. The first pit can be used again while the contents of the second pit decompose.
Suitability The offset double pit toilet with pour flush is suitable For areas where the water table is high, if the toilet is raised and connected to a soak-pit. In areas prone to freshwater or tidal flooding, if rose. For loose soils, if fully lined. Fig. 6.2: Double Pit Toilet For soils with low permeability, if built with a soak pit. Advantages It is easy to construct, operate, and maintain: Operation consists of regular water cleansing of the slab (with soap or detergent, if available) to remove any excreta and urine, and daily cleansing of the floor, squatting pan, door handles and other parts of the superstructure. Maintenance consists of monthly inspections to check for cracks in the floor slab and damage to the vent pipe and fly screen, and digging out of part of the feces at the end of the dry season. These feces
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should be handled with care and buried in a pit covered with soil. After at least a year, when the contents of the pit have decomposed into harmless humus, the humus can be can be used as fertilizer. It is relatively inexpensive to construct, operate, and maintain. The pit sludge is safe. The toilet can be connected to a soak pit. Disadvantages The U-trap can easily become blocked because of bad design or improper use, or damages by improper unblocking. Pour-flush toilets are unsuitable where it is common practice to use bulky materials for anal cleansing which cannot be flushed through the U-trap. Unless those materials are separately collected and safely buried or burned. The contents of the pit may not decompose safely when the double pits are too close to each other without an effective seal between them, allowing liquids to percolate from one pit to the other.
6.4. CONSTRUCTION OF PAVED ROADS/SOLLINGS Most of the rural roads and rural access roads in villages of PSNIP project area are unpaved, graveled or even just earth roads. During the rainy seasons, they are in such a poor condition that people struggle to pass along them by tractor, bike or even non-motorized traffic (NMT), such as bicycles or animal-drawn carts. Due to the difficulty of reaching markets to sell their agricultural produce and other goods in the rainy seasons, rural people are locked into subsistence farming. Better market incentives for farmers are blunted because of the physical barriers and economic costs of transporting goods to and from local markets. The impassability of the rural access roads also hampers the provision of basic social services, such as health, education and information.
During ESMF study, a sample based survey of 25 villages was carried out and villagers, particularly of Open defecation practicing villages complained about the deteriorated conditions of roads. According to the villagers, this problem aggravated in rainy seasons when houses are filled with waste and unhygienic water and they have to wait to drain water with hands till the rain ends. A worst situation was reported by villagers in a village of Bahawalnagar where every year during rains, school teachers and girls are trapped inside and they have to wait for cart to come out of school.
There is no other alternative to construct paved roads/soling in the 20 Model villages.
6.4.1. Sewerage/Covered Drainage and Small Scale Waste Water Treatment Facility The sewerage facility, in respect of which considerable public and social resources are being used, forms a basic infrastructure for the village and an indisputable indicator of civilization and development. The works cover a number of substantial social needs and aim to improve the quality of life and to protect public health and the environment.
There is no other alternative to provide sewerage/covered drainage facility in the 20 Model villages
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Oxidation pond is one of the biological systems which are used for the treatment of wastewater. It is considered as the secondary treatment method by which natural purification and stabilization of wastewaters like domestic sewage, trade waste and industrial effluents is accelerated. The biological treatment process in oxidation pond mainly involves an interaction between bacteria, algae and other organisms. It efficiently removes bacteria, biodegradable organics, phosphorous and nitrogen present in the wastewater which is going to be discharged to the receiving streams. In this method, 98% to 99% of BOD reduction in wastewater is often possible.
Oxidation (stabilization) pond is a simple scientifically designed pond with 2-6 feet depth, where BOD reduction of a wastewater takes place by supporting algal-bacterial growth. These ponds are effective, low-cost and simple technology for the treatment of wastewater before it is discharged to an aquatic ecosystem and are commonly used in warm climates to purify wastewater. The performance of pond depends on climatological conditions like light, temperature, rain, wind and also the wastewater quality. Primarily these are used as tertiary treatment facilities specially to polish the effluents from conventional treatment plants]. These ponds are also used to treat the raw sewage, settled sewage and industrial effluents.
Oxidation pond typically operates in an extended aeration mode with long detention and solids retention time and is a widely adopted technique for the treatment of domestic and trade wastes. It is one of the methods used extensively in the tropical areas of the world for treating the wastewater. This method would also have disadvantages that it requires extensive land area, potential odor problem, mosquito menace, little control over the effectiveness of the treatment process and the main disadvantage is seepage of effluents into soil which may also lead to ground water pollution. Still, oxidation ponds have proved to be one of the most significant devices of economical waste treatment for small communities.
The occurrence of several species of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa and viruses in the oxidation pond has been reported. 6.4.2. Principles involved in oxidation pond functioning
Oxidation pond comprises different groups of organisms such as bacteria, algae, protozoa, fungi, viruses, rotifers, nematodes, insects and crustacean larvae etc. These organisms coexist and compete with each other. The bacteria present in the pond decompose the biodegradable organic matter and release carbon dioxide, ammonia and nitrates. These compounds are utilized by the algae, which together with sunlight and photosynthetic process releases oxygen, enabling the bacteria to breakdown more waste and accomplish reduction in BOD levels.
In addition to bacteria, algae and protozoa, there are also other organisms such as crustacean larvae, insects, viruses, and rotifers, nematodes which interact and compete with each other for food and convert the organic materials of the sewage into simple products in the oxidation ponds.
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This method would also have disadvantages that it requires extensive land area, potential odor problem, mosquito menace, little control over the effectiveness of the treatment process and the main disadvantage is seepage of effluents into soil which may also lead to ground water pollution.
The oxidation ditch (OD) is a sort of equipment used for a long-term aeration. It consists of a long channel of an elliptical or circular shape equipped with aeration equipment called a rotor for generating a water flow and stirring water in the channel to supply oxygen. Thought it requires a relatively large area, it has a simple structure and can be easily operated as well as being able to remove nitrogen easily. Thus, it has recently been widely used in relatively small wastewater treating plants.
Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages of the oxidation ditch are as follows: It can be easily maintained. It is hard to be effected by load fluctuations and forms only a little sludge. OD can be easily controlled by changing the rotation of the rotor and the dipping depth. It requires relatively little energy as the rotor is operated efficiency. It can perform nitrification and de-nitrification easily. Disadvantages of the oxidation ditch are as follows: As the tank is large and the depth is small, it requires a large area. It can be said the OD method is particularly suitable for small scale equipment. In most of the tropical parts of the world where sufficient sunlight and temperature are available, oxidation pond system is found to be most suitable for the treatment of domestic sewage waste containing nutrients.
Comparison of various alternatives is given in Table 6.2
Table 6.2.Comparison of environmental and social impacts between the alternatives
Impact on water Impact on terrestrial Impact on social Alternative regime and aerial environment environment
Sewerage Risk of groundwater Slight disturbances Costs raised by treatment facility and aquifer affected by the investment depreciation, contamination will construction of a pipe as well as the operation be increased and network to connect to and maintenance costs, particular in shallow the treatment plant will be charged to the and water logged and for the users after handing over areas construction of the the system to VOs. plant itself in the Smell ,odor problems villages.
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Final disposal of May contaminate Long term use will Sewage has often high waste groundwater. damage the soil values of temperature, water/sludge Chances of mixing fertility. pH, hardness, alkalinity, into agriculture with drinking water It will require an chemical oxygen fields supply lines and integrated system of demand, total soluble deteriorated quality waste water salts, nitrates, nitrites of drinking water collection and final and cat ions like sodium, disposal potassium, calcium and magnesium and its long term use causes contamination leading to health risk of consumers. Final disposal of Surface water Waste water Will perish the aesthetic waste water in a contamination. collection will be and environmental value nearby water Aquatic life will be required. of water bodies body(canal/river) disturbed Riverbed soil quality will be deteriorated No project Persistent Open disposal in Social conflicts option deterioration of the streets and backyards Higher levels of diseases ground water is a permanent source correlated to the Contamination of of offensive odors. consumption of unsafe surface water Impediments to water and unhygienic Contamination of mobility and health and sanitation drinking water accessibility to health, conditions will persist. No use of precious education ,local waters. markets and other services
6.5. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND GENERIC MITIGATION The potentially negative impacts identified with the help of environmental screening discussed in Section 6.4 and are assessed in the subsections below. The generic mitigation measures have also been provided here; additional measures may be added as a result of the subproject-specific environmental assessments to be carried out during the Project implementation.
6.5.1. Subprojects Siting and land issues (financed under PSNIP) It will be ensured through screening checklist (sample presented in Annex C & D) that the subprojects of PSNIP shall avoid any sensitive locations as well as land acquisition.
In case of PSNIP, Sub-project sites will be located within school compound or community owned. However, preliminary screening will be undertaken to ensure that the land used for sewerage/open
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drainage system and construction of paved roads/soling is Government owned and does not belong to the community and there is no dispute over it and that there are no squatters/encroachers using this land. In case of construction of toilets and hand washing facility in schools, sub-project sites will be located on Education Department land.
For joint / community room and construction of oxidation ponds, community land will be acquired through Voluntary Land Donation (VLD)
(Format for VLD Procedures is given in Annexure M)
6.5.2. Voluntary Land Donation Protocol For construction of community room and oxidation ponds/waste water treatment facility over a small scale, community land will be used through process of land donation. Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) will interact with the land owners and facilitate voluntary donation of land required for taking up sub-projects under PSNIP. This use of voluntary donation option will be limited to small piece of land. Under no circumstances, shall the titleholder be subjected to any pressure, directly or indirectly, to part with the land. These actions are expected to minimize adverse impacts on the local population and help in project benefits reaching all sections of community. The PSNIP will ensure that the process of voluntary donation of land is meticulously documented to avoid confusions, misunderstandings, litigations, etc. at a later stage. Original copies of all documentation of voluntary donation of land will be kept with the both district offices and provincial office of PHED. Complete documentation along with a copy of the final document will be at provincial PHED office for records and for inspection at a later date.
VLD is only suitable for community driven projects where the landowner and/or community wish to ‘gift’ land parcels or small areas for small-scale community infrastructure that will be of direct benefit to the donor’s community.
6.5.1.1 WHEN VLD IS APPLICABLE For land donation the following rules will apply: Alternatives and the viability of all locations or sites have been considered; The Titleholder should not belong to the vulnerable sections. i.e. Households (with a valid proof), as per provincial poverty line for rural areas; Households without a proof of the same and belonging to the following social categories: Women headed households with women as sole earner Minority /handicapped persons, and is subject to any of the following impacts: loses land holding; loses shelter; and loses sources of livelihoods. The Titleholder should be holding more than the minimum prescribed land; The impacts must be minor. The voluntary donation should not be more than 10 percent of the area of that particular holding of the Titleholder.
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This should not require any physical relocation of the Titleholder; The land must be jointly identified by the Revenue Department/ land owners /VO amped Representatives (ESFPs) or project authorities. However the project technical authorities should ensure that the land is appropriate for sub-project purposes and that the sub-project will not invite any adverse social, health, environment, safety, etc. related impacts by procuring this land. The land in question must be free of squatters, encroachers, or other claims or encumbrances. Verification of the voluntary nature of land donations must be obtained from each of the persons donating land. This should be in the form of notarized witnessed statements. In case of any loss of income or physical displacement is envisaged, verification of voluntary acceptance of community devised migratory measures must be obtained from those expected to be adversely affected. The Titleholder donating land should have made to understand that they will have equal access to the infrastructure built on the donated land like any other community member and that they cannot claim for any priority treatment. Grievance Redress Mechanism must be available. The donations and the process followed is documented, monitored and reflected in the monitoring reports.
6.5.1.2 WHEN VLD IS NOT APPLICABLE VLD is not applicable under the following scenarios: Where inadequate consultation with land donors results in lack of understanding about the terms and conditions of the donation; In lieu of formal procedures for land acquisition where these do not exist; Where donor property owners, landowners or customary rights holders do not support, or will not directly benefit from, the Project; Where conflicts over land exist, including customary collective ownership; Conflicting land titling that make it difficult to establish with certainty who has a right to own, donate and use a specific parcel of land; Where donors did not provide their informed consent and were subject to political or social pressure and coerced into making the donation. 6.5.1.3 PROCESS FOR VOLUNTARY DONATION This section provides guidance on the process for VLD, namely on how to: Determine and document the appropriateness of VLD in the project context; Verify the requirements of the donation and the formalization of the donation; Carry out due diligence on the owners and users of land donated; Ensure appropriate consultation and disclosure; Establish informed consent of the person donating the land; and Establish grievance redress mechanism.
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This section outlines the process that should be followed once the threshold considerations set out in Section 6.6.1 have been considered, and it has been determined that it is appropriate for the land to be provided to the project by voluntary donation.
It is necessary to follow a clear process for the donation, and to prepare and maintain documents that demonstrate such process. Each step set out below should be addressed in the context of the specific project, and fully documented.
(i) Determine and document that VLD is appropriate in the circumstances of the project. The team should record the reasons why it thinks that the donation of land is appropriate for the project. The project team should identify (in as much detail as possible):
What the land will be used for; How much land the project will require on both a permanent and temporary basis; How much of the land will be donated; The terms of the donation; The identities of the parties who intend to donate; The beneficiary of the donation; and Any details that are relevant to why donation may be appropriate.
(ii) Verify the requirements to transfer, and formalize the transfer of the land It is important to understand the process that should be followed to transfer the land, and appropriate ways to formalize the transfer so as to achieve certainty for both the transferee of the land and the project. An important consideration will be how transparent the process and the decision making process actually is, and what can be done to enhance the process.
(iii) Conduct due diligence on who owns and uses the land Given the specific issues surrounding land ownership, it is important that the project team carries out careful due diligence to understand the type of land rights that exist in the project area, and to identify any particular issues relating to land ownership and use. Thereafter, a more specific due diligence must be conducted on each parcel of land proposed for donation to identify:
The owner or owners of the land; The users of the land, or any parties that occupy the land (either physically or through ownership of an asset or conduct of livelihood or business activities on the land); Any competing claims of ownership or use; Structures and assets on the land; Any encumbrances on the land. Format for donation of land is given in Annexure M
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(iv) Disclosure and Consultation
(v) The decision to donate must be taken on the basis of a full understanding of the project and the consequences of agreeing to donate the land. Accordingly, the parties that will be affected by the donation (the owners and users of the land) must be provided with accurate and accessible information regarding what the land will be used for, for how long, and the impact the donation will have on them and their families. It is important that prior written notification indicating the location and amount of land that is sought be provided and that its intended use for the project is disclosed. There should be a clear agreement as to which party will pay the costs associated with the donated land. This could include measurement costs, documentation and notarial fees, transfer taxes, registration fees. It should also include the costs of re-measuring/re-titling the transferee’s remaining land and any new documentation relating to it.
(vi) Establishing Informed Consent It is crucial that the project team is confident that the decision to donate was taken in circumstances of informed consent or power of choice. As discussed earlier, this means being confident that the owner(s) or user(s) of the land understand:
What the land is going to be used for, by whom and for how long; That they will be deprived of the ownership or right to use the land, and what this really means; That they have a right to refuse to donate the land; Whether there are alternatives to using this land; What they will need to do to donate the land (e.g., execute documents, get spousal consents, pay taxes); The effect of the donation on their family, and what they can do if they (or their family or heirs) want the land back. The exact demarcation of land boundary for the project’s use; Whether there are proposals which would allow other land to be used; What they will need to do to donate the land; The intergenerational effect of the donation on their family, what they can do if they (or their family or heirs) want the land back. The terms and conditions of the land donation must be mutually agreed upon and detailing in a written agreement.
(vii) Documentation It is necessary to distinguish between: (a) the agreement to donate the land; and (b) the document that carries out and evidences the legal transfer of the land. While it is important to have evidence of an intention and agreement to donate the land, it is equally important to ensure, where required and appropriate, that the land is legally transferred. While the process relating to the legal transfer of the land is frequently complicated and time consuming, it must be addressed.
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The Format of VLD form is attached in Annex M.
Community consultations will also be carried out before establishing the sites.
6.6. GENERIC IMPACTS ANALYSIS FOR ANTICIPATED SUBPROJECTS (FINANCED UNDER PSNIP) AND MITIGATION MEASURES Anticipated Subprojects (financed under PSNIP) include implementation of hard components in the field like toilet construction in schools/ construction/rehabilitation of sewerage/drainage facility, liquid waste treatment facility, construction of paved roads and a community room. The impacts associated with these activities are water/groundwater contamination; solid waste management; air quality issues, primarily related to dust generation; noise; and occupational and community risks. As part of ESMF, generic impact assessment has been conducted in the following sections: Following a description of impacts on each environmental and social component is described along with mitigation measures: Table 6-1: Generic environmental issues concerning sewerage with an outline of their mitigation measures Potential Negative Environmental Mitigation Measures Indicators Surface and groundwater On site wastewater treatment facility like septic tanks should contamination due to leakages be installed. Alternatively, central sewage treatment facility should be provided. Proper maintenance and regular leakage detection survey in the sewerage system should be carried out. Water logging during operation Maintenance of drains should be ensured to avoid any and maintenance blockage. Avoid Solid Waste disposal in open drains. In severe conditions water sucker machine can be used to drain the water logged area. Stagnant wastewater during Maintenance of drains should be ensured to avoid any operation and maintenance blockage. Avoid Solid Waste disposal in open drains. Disruption of local traffic during Alternative routes should be allocated to avoid congestion. construction
Disposal of excavated soil during The excavated soil should either be used in construction or maintenance and rehabilitation should be properly disposed of. work
Disposal of sludge and sewer silt The sludge and sewer silt should be collected and disposed of
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during operation and maintenance properly.
Health and safety issues associated The workers handling the sludge should be equipped with with storage and handling of personal protective equipment to avoid any health hazard. sludge
Pollution from equipment and The machinery and equipment should be checked for their machinery compliance with the emission standards of Pak EPA.
Health and safety issue while Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be formulated working in sewerage systems to ensure worker’s health and safety.
Impact on public/private To minimize the nuisance and other impacts near the sewer properties and other sensitive lines the area should be properly covered and proper fencing receptors along the sewer lines needs to be done in order to provide buffer zone.
Damage to cultural heritage sites In case of chance find of any sites or artifacts of historical, cultural, archeological or religious significance, the work will be stopped at that site, the provincial and federal archeological departments will be notified immediately, and their advice will be sought before resumption of the construction activities at such sites.
Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures
Land Issues Land on which project activities are to be Involuntary Resettlement Screening Checklist as carried out may be disputed/not belonging to presented in Annex D to be used to check the the community /Government /school or be land belongs to the used by people for accommodation or community/school/Government or free from livelihoods. any disputes. Village Organizations ,Education Department and PHED officials will be taken onboard for the identification of construction sites in all the activities related to sub-projects land may be acquired for small-scale The subprojects will be established on the land interventions (e.g. for camp site, construction owned by Government. However, private land if material collection etc. during construction required will be taken through VLD procedure. If activities)and that cannot be acquired through VLD is not possible, land will be acquired
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Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures
Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) procedures according to the procedures specified in the RPF for this project (included in this ESMF). It will be ensured that no involuntary resettlement takes place for these subprojects. Complete documentation will be maintained for VLD. Valuation and compensation of affected assets of community should be in line with RPF/Sub- projects RAPs and considered before the field activities.
Impediment to access of residents and students Any construction in can lead to blockage of Screening Checklists as presented in Annex C&D access for students/community as well as it to be used to check the access. may block residents to commute their homes. Adequate monitoring of construction site will ensure that the construction material will not be stacked in the routes of commuting
Labor Issues Conflict may arise between construction labor Preference will be given to labor from locally and community if labor not hired locally. skilled and unskilled workers of community for the construction of sub-projects.
Also there could be a possibility that labor is PD at PHED will ensure that certain clauses will forced to work on the site without providing be added in the contract documents of wages or delayed in payments while Implementation Partners (IPs) i.e. not to force performing their job. labor to work and official minimum wages to be paid if the laborers are contracted by the community. Consultation with labor will be ensured by IPs and Environment and Social Focal Points (ESFPs).
Impacts on Women, Children, and Vulnerable Groups
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Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures
Impact on vulnerable groups like Women, poor Women’s participation and consultation is households, women headed households. already included in project interventions at every stage and at every component of project. PD will ensure the presence of female Community Based Mobilizers (CBMs) in each district to communicate with women community/HHs and ensure their participation and consultation in throughout project planning/ execution Similarly, in some villages where CBMs are not available, Local NGOs are to be hired for BCC campaign and social mobilization component and it will be ensured that female Social Mobilizers are the part of their team and preferably from local community. Environmental screening checklist will provide first stage information about impacts on poor, women and other vulnerable groups including needs and priority for social and economic betterment and ESFPs will ensure the accurate screening and active participation of women in project interventions as well as adequately consulted. Ensure participation of vulnerable groups in project activities through consultations, to ensure planned investments take the well-being of such groups into consideration
Community Conflicts It is anticipated that conflicts among Conflicts resolution will be done through communities may arise during project implementation of Grievance Redress implementation. Mechanism (GRM) as presented in section 7.10 and 8.13.
Stakeholders Consultation It is anticipated that stakeholders and Consultation with stakeholders should be communities may not be participated or undertaken at project design, inception and implementation stages and as per consultation
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Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures consulted in project interventions framework provided in table 7.8.
Air Quality Deterioration Handling of cement and other dusty materials Soil and temporary piles should be covered or and handling and storage of aggregates in sprayed with water if generating dust. concrete plants; during construction of paved Construction sites including Soil piles in should roads, community rooms, sewerage /covered be barricaded to avoid material escape, drainage, oxidation ponds and structure of generation of dust and access to children. toilets in schools may lead to dust generation Construction machinery, generators, and and nuisance to the community, school vehicles should be kept in good working children and nearby households. However, condition, minimizing exhaust emissions. localized and relatively minor air quality Tractor loads should be covered with any impacts will occur. suitable material.
During construction of sewerage/covered No measures required. drainage facility, it is envisaged that there will be generation of gaseous emissions but the emissions will be dispersed in open rural environment. Water Consumption and Conservation Construction activities may have insignificant Water availability should be considered as key impact on hydrology and ground water levels of factor. Water Conservation is another the area due to low water requirements component that may be introduced in the Anyhow, construction of oxidation ponds may program. deteriorate or change the hydrology of GW In soil salinity and water logged areas mostly in which must be considered at design and Bahawalnagar, Lohan and Rajanpur (observed planning stage. during sample based survey) where chronic soil salinity persisted, construction of waste water Similarly in case of construction of toilets and treatment facilities should be considered hand washing facility in schools, availability of carefully at planning/design stage .Here water should be considered at planning/design interventions supporting water availability may stage. be considered like fish farming. To support the Nutrition Sensitive agriculture (NSA), crops which requiring less water and are saline water tolerant may be introduced. This idea will support the scarcity of water in the arid region In water scarce areas of Muzaffargarh,
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Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures
Bahawalpur, and Lodhra, careful planning will be required while implementing interventions like toilets construction in schools. Livestock is the main livelihood of these water scares areas and it should be promoted through better practices and arrangements of water ponds for livestock. Use of compost, or decomposed organic matter as fertilizer, has been found to improve soil structure, increasing its water-holding capacity. Surface and Ground Water Quality The construction works may have following Guidelines for Construction of Latrines should be impacts on surface and GW quality: followed as presented in Annex I. Inadequate design of school toilets, Other health and safety Guidelines should also oxidation ponds or sewerage system be considered at planning/design stage of sub- resulting in contamination of groundwater projects: e.g. in case of such interventions developed Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater and in high water level areas. excreta in agriculture and aquaculture annexed Inadequate design of toilets /oxidation as J ponds or sewerage system resulting in Wastewater lagoon construction Guidelines of contamination of nearby water wells / dug EPA South Australia-annexed as K wells. IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines The contamination chances will be increase for Water and Sanitation-annexed as L. in conditions like post-monsoon season, It will be ensured that the wastes are not flood conditions, waterlogging, shallow released into any drinking water source, water table and sandy soils; cultivation fields, or critical habitat Inadequate disposal of sludge material after filling of pit/septic tank will result in contamination of land, surface water resources, generation of vector and spread of disease Sediment laden runoff resulting from borehole drilling; Groundwater contamination from backfilling of unsuccessful boreholes Solid Waste Management
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Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures
Solid waste generated during construction Construction sites should be equipped with includes waste concrete, empty cement bags, temporary waste bins. Provision of solid waste excavated soil (especially soil from drilling of bins is already the part of project. boreholes etc.).This waste has the potential to Wastes should be routinely collected by the cause negative impact on the surroundings if contractor from the designated area and not properly managed and disposed of. It is disposed at waste disposal facilities. likely to block nearby drainage channels that The subprojects should be designed employing can ultimately cause localized flooding during technologies that minimize generation of solid the monsoon. wastes Recycling of solid waste may be carried out as far Windblown debris is a nuisance to the nearby as possible and practical. community. Poor waste management practices would result in short term negative impact on Composting of biodegradable waste may be the aesthetics of the surrounding. considered and adopted if practicable. Disposal of solid waste should be carried out in a Inadequate disposal of sludge material after manner that does not negatively affect the filling of pit connected with the toilets will drinking water sources, cultivation fields, result in contamination of land, surface water irrigation channels, natural drainage paths, and resources, generation of vector and spread of the existing waste management system in the disease; area, local routes, and general aesthetic value of the area. Noise During the construction and drilling operations, Machinery operation and high noise activities noise will be generated from the machinery. should be carefully planned and scheduled. These construction activities may cause Where that is not possible, high noise activities discomfort to local residents. should cease between 22:00 and 06:00 hrs. Besides the construction works will be encouraged during daytime and the noise would be generated temporarily. Therefore, any adverse impact on residents and fauna is negligible. Occupational Health and Safety The construction of civil works will pose an To mitigate these potential H&S impacts prior to inherent risk of injury to labor from accidents. the commencement of civil works, following Poor housekeeping practices will lead to measures will be adopted: stagnant water as breeding grounds for insect Identify and minimize, so far as reasonably vectors (causing malaria etc.). practicable, the causes of potential hazards to Hazards from handling equipment, workers, including communicable diseases such ergonometric stress, lifting heavy materials etc. as HIV/AIDs and vector borne diseases;
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Anticipated Impacts Mitigation Measures may cause injury to the labor. Avoid stagnation of water and initiate drainage/cleanup of stagnant water. Provide for the provision of appropriately stocked first-aid equipment at work sites; Provide for the provision of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPEs) to minimize risks, such as but not limited to appropriate outerwear, boots and gloves; safety helmets; Provide training for workers for the use of PPE; WB Group’s Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines (attached at the end of this document) should be implemented; Include procedures for documenting and reporting accidents, diseases, and incidents; and All safety precautions will be taken to address safety hazards for the nearby community. These precautions may include safety/warning signage, safety barrier around the construction site. The construction contracts must include the appropriate clauses to protect environment and public health. ESFPs should ensure to include the present ESMF in the bidding document and all the mitigation measures as part of BOQs.
6.7. IMPACT RELATED TO SUBPROJECTS (NOT FINANCED UNDER PSNIP) AND MITIGATION THEIR MEASURES Subproject Exclusions (i.e. not financed under PSNIP) are mostly comprising both soft and hard components i.e.: 300,000 Toilets constructed by communities at HHs level after awareness raising program and massive BCC campaign Drinking water facility to each of the model villages through ongoing initiatives of Punjab Saaf Pani Company. Animal segregation areas and waste management through advocacy and free vaccination promoted to those in compliance through coordination with Punjab Livestock Department’s ongoing initiatives. Following Potential impacts may occur which will compromise the sustainability of the interventions and may impact the environment:
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Impacts Mitigation Measures
Toilet Construction at HHs level After behavior change activities, Following measures must be employed to ensure households willing to construct toilets sustainability of the interventions: may not build such structures which are During behavior change activities in the communities, environmentally/socially suitable and environment friendly designs of toilets (suitable for pose more threat/impact to the locality that specific area) should be disseminated within the as compared to open defecation e.g. communities as a guide and unfriendly design impacts uncovered open pits attracting vector; shall be communicated (see Annex I). after filling of pit, it will not be emptied Monitoring shall be made during project life cycle to and drainage pipe from the latrine will be check the sustainability of implemented diverted in the open land contaminating interventions. nearby property and attract vector; Flush toilets should not be encouraged in areas under Sludge from emptied pit will be dumped the project where water is scarce and in dry season. in the open, water body or someone’s Sludge Management should be made part ESMPs of property leading to contamination / each sub-project. Sludge after emptying the pits conflict; should be landfilled at proper location and left for Pit will be constructed on another degradation. property creating a conflict situation; During behavior change activities in the communities, Pits located too close to water bodies/ this aspect will be communicated and awareness water table etc. raising workshops should be conducted with the Groundwater depletion caused due to communities. over pumping of water used in flush Post project impacts and mitigation measures toilets regarding O/M of overall sanitation system and school Public health risks may arise from system toilets should be the part of awareness/BCC campaign failure for example, from excessive visits, so that VO /community may run the system and high sludge build up requiring effectively and self-sustained removal and disposal After handing over the overall Total Sanitation system to VO/community or toilets in schools may not be maintained properly and left unattended from repair /maintenance etc.
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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental and Social Management Framework CHAPTER 7- ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the proposed project-PSNIP.
7.1. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS PROCESSING STEPS Implementation of environmental and social safeguards will follow the following procedures closely linking with activity planning, design and implementation steps.
Step 1: Preliminary Environmental Information (Physical, Biological and Socioeconomic baseline data collection) and Analysis Step 2: Preparing Environmental Assessment-using Rapid Environment Assessment Checklist Step 3: Preparation of Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and inclusion of social and environmental mitigation costs in the Sub-project document/cost Step 4: Environmental Clearances Step 5: Inclusion of Environmental and social specifications and Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) in bid documents Step 6: Inclusion of Environmental and social mitigation measures in BOQs and contractors agreement Step 7: Compliance and Monitoring Based on type of construction, all preliminary information analysis, Environmental Assessments, Environmental Management Plans must be completed prior to awarding of contracts for construction.
7.1.1. Subprojects Environmental and Social Screening All activities proposed for the project shall undergo initial screening through a number of filters that include screening environmental and social impacts. Generally, subprojects with any significant, long- term or medium term, irreversible environmental and social negative impacts will have avoided to the extent possible.
The ESMF categorizes subprojects on the basis of their nature of activities, and potential impacts on environment and or people. The ESMF specifies a different type and extent of environmental and social assessment that will need to be carried out before initiating each category of subprojects.
Since exact extent and precise location of individual interventions (subprojects) to be implemented under the PSNIP are not known at this stage, a framework approach has been adopted for the present environmental and social assessment. Under this approach, each subproject will be screened for the severity and extent of environmental and social impacts. Subprojects having negligible environmental and or social impacts will be assessed with the help of a rapid assessment checklist included in Annex C & D. Subprojects having some negative but localized environmental and or social impacts will require a generic Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs) to be prepared as presented in section 7.4. Also the RPF will only apply to interventions where land may be acquired for small-scale
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Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Environmental and Social Management Framework interventions if land will be needed that cannot be acquired through VLD procedures. Please refer Chapter 8.
Based upon the Checklists on Rapid Environment Assessment and VLD, following table will be used to screen the sub-projects further documentation requirements
Table 7.1: PSNIP Sub-Projects Social and Environmental Screening
Nature of Sr. Type of Sub- Document Nature of Land Document Environmental and # Project Requirements Issues Requirements social Issues 01 Construction May have After Rapid If land not VLD further of Toilets in negligible Assessment, no available and VLD procedures Schools environmental and further document is applicable /documents will be or social impacts to be prepared prepared
02 Construction May have After Rapid As per PSNIP After VLD Checklist of Community negligible Assessment, no documents, it will process, further Room environmental and further document be constructed on procedures or social impacts to be prepared community land /documents explained earlier in section 6.6.1 of Chapter 6 will be prepared 03 Sewerage May have some ***ESMP will need As per PC-I No further /Covered negative but to be prepared and document of documentation Drainage localized further steps PSNIP, it will be required Facility environmental and described in constructed on or social impacts section 7.1( from Government land step 3 to step 7 ) will be applicable 04 Construction May have some ESMP will need to As per PC-I After VLD Checklist of Oxidation negative but be prepared and document of process, further Pond/small localized further steps PSNIP, it will be procedures scale waste environmental and described in constructed on /documents water or social impacts section 7.1( from community land explained earlier in treatment step 3 to step 7 ) section 6.6.1 of facility will be applicable Chapter 6 will be prepared 05 Construction May have some ESMP will need to As per PC-I No further of paved negative but be prepared and document of documentation localized further steps PSNIP, it will be
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roads/soling environmental and described in constructed on required or social impacts section 7.1( from Government land step 3 to step 7 ) will be applicable
(*** An integrated ESMP will be prepared for sub-projects No 03, 04 and 05 of this table)
7.1.2. Integration of Environmental and Social Safeguards Management in Scheme Life Cycle The environmental and social management procedure described in 7.1 above will be seamlessly integrated within the scheme identification, preparation, appraisal, approval, and implementation cycle. Environmental and social screening (described in Section 7.2) will be carried out at the scheme identification stage. The scheme-specific ESMPs will be prepared during the scheme preparation/appraisal stage. Finally, ESMPs will be implemented during the scheme implementation stage. This is further explained in the sections below and presented in Table7.1. 7.1.3. Preparation of Sub-Projects During preparation stage, the PD at PHED will include the following details in sub-project proposal: i. Technical aspects such as details on suitability of sub-project site; availability and appropriateness of inputs, and proven experience with the technology offered, engineering designs, construction or rehabilitation, operation and maintenance arrangements etc.; ii. Economic aspects such as cost estimates, financial operating plan, economic and financial viability, and adequacy of proposed financing; iii. Organizational aspects such as institutional, legal and contractual framework; risk analysis; necessary clearances from regulatory entities as in case of school toilet construction (from Education Department); and iv. Each sub-project will be environmentally and socially screened according to the criteria defined in Section 7.2. The screening will be done on the format as provided in the form of Rapid Environment Assessment Checklist and Involuntary Resettlement Checklist given in Annex C and Annex D respectively. Screening will be carried out by the Environment Safeguards Specialist (ESS) and Capacity & Social Development Specialist (CSDS) with the coordination and support of relevant District Office of PHED and nominated Environment and Social Focal Points (ESFPs). 7.1.4. Sub-Projects Appraisal During sub-projects appraisal stage, the following activities will be performed:
i. Review of the technical aspects such as details on suitability of sub-project site; availability and appropriateness of inputs, and proven experience with the technology offered, engineering designs, and construction or rehabilitation, operation and maintenance arrangements; ii. Review of the economic aspects such as cost estimates, financial operating plan, economic and financial viability, and adequacy of proposed financing;
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iii. Review of the organizational aspects such as institutional, legal and contractual framework; risk analysis; and necessary clearances from regulatory entities; and iv. If the Scheme is categorized as having some negative and localized social and environmental impacts, an ESMP will be prepared (template given in Annex E-1). For the scheme categorized as having negligible social and environmental impacts, no further environmental /social assessment will needed. ESMPs will be prepared by the ESS and CSDS (detailed TORs of ESS /CSDS are attached as Annexure J) of PSNIP deputed in PD office of PHED.
During the appraisal stage, the environmental and social appraisal shall focus on the following aspects:
Compliance with regulatory requirements and clearances; Comprehensiveness of the ESMP in light of the activity specific environmental and social issues; Integration of environmental and social measures in to the design wherever relevant; Arrangements for implementation of ESMP, including institutional capacity and contractual provisions; Inclusion of ESMP budgets in the scheme cost; ESMP monitoring and reporting arrangements; Adequacy of the social issues identified and suggested mitigation measure; Need for any legal covenant to address any specific environmental risks including regulatory risks.
The ESS and CSDS will ensure that the above requirements are fulfilled. VLD documents/procedures will be cleared by WB.DO Environment will also advise the PHED on the environmental regulatory requirements of ESMPs and EIA. Final clearance of each ESMP lies within WB.
7.1.5. Sub-Projects Implementation The sub-project will be approved once all the technical requirements are fulfilled and the ESMP/VLD procedures and documentation is cleared. As stated above, ESMPs will be cleared by the DO (Environment) and WB, whereas VLD documents will be approved by the WB.
The ESMP of each sub-project will be included in the bidding documents and the contracts. In this manner, the ESMP will be included in the overall scope of works/services and BOQs, and the contractor will implement the mitigation measures included in the ESMP alongside other works/services included under the contract.
7.1.6. Monitoring, Audit and Evaluation ESFPs will monitor the contractor to ensure complete and proper implementation of the works/services in accordance with the contract.
During this phase, the ESFPs will conduct environmental and social monitoring to ensure that the mitigation measures given in the ESMP are effectively implemented. The environmental and social monitoring will include the following:
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Frequent site visits by the ESFPs and ESS and CSDS Environmental and social monitoring to ensure effective implementation of ESMPs particularly the mitigation measures included in these documents. The monitoring will be conducted with the help of checklists prepared on the basis of the mitigation plans included in ESMPs. Laboratory analysis will be conducted if so specified in the ESMPs. Photographic records will be maintained where applicable/useful.
7.1.7. Third Party Validation: A sample-based Third Party Validation (TPV) will be carried out on an annual basis to evaluate the overall effectiveness of ESMF implementation for all the sub-projects financed under PSNIP. ESS and CSDS will ensure the hiring process as per TORs for monitoring and validation and will engage suitable entity (such as consultants/firm) for this purpose and ESFPs will be responsible for coordination and site visits support to the TPV consultants/firm. Annex K presents sample Torso for this TPV.
Table 7.2: Environmental/Social Assessment and Management Process
Milestones/ Process Responsibility Decision/Outcome Objectives
1. Scheme Screening
Screen from The PD Office of PHED will prepare ESS and CSDS Environmental /social environmental/ the Proposal including: with the support and land requirements social and land Environmental and Social of categorization of requirements Screening Report based upon the Environmental scheme; perspective Rapid Assessment Checklist and Social Focal Determination of type including categorization for Points(ESFPs) of assessment needed further documentation (ESMP or no further requirements procedures; VLD Land Requirements Status based documents and upon the VLD Checklist including procedures or no categorization for further further assessment) documental procedures 2. Scheme Appraisal
Detailed Preparation of ESMP Environment Completed ESMP Environmental Preparation of VLD Documents and Social Completed VLD and Social and necessary procedures Development Documentation Appraisal Specialist /Procedures Social Development Specialist Review of ESMP DO Approved ESMP
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Milestones/ Process Responsibility Decision/Outcome Objectives
(Environment) 3. Sub-Projects Implementation
Finalization of Include ESMP in bidding documents PD ESMP included in Contract and contracts contracts Agreement Sub-Projects ESMP implemented alongside the Contractor ESMP implemented. implementation other civil works 4. Monitoring, Audit and Evaluation
Monitoring Environmental and social ESFPs Monitoring reports monitoring to ensure effective ESS implementation of mitigation CSDS measures included in ESMP Social Monitoring of Agreement made Development with land owner/s Specialist Third Party Sample based assessment and ESS TPV Reports Validation evaluation of ESMF implementation CSDS for all sub-projects every year (through outsourcing)
7.2. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 7.2.1. Program Management Unit (PMU) There will be the Project Director (PD) of Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) based at PMU of PHED, who will be assisted with team of experts, officers and supporting staff.
7.2.2. Roles and Responsibilities of PMU The PMU will generally be responsible for:
Ensuring execution of the program as per action plan Overall implementation and monitoring of ESMF and ensure the hiring of Consultants/consultancy firm to conduct Integrated EIA Report and TPV Reports Capacity building of the staff and personnel at all tiers (e.g. NGO partner teams, CDU teams, district level staff of HUD&PHED, contractors, community etc.) Coordination with PNSC, D-WASH-CC and Sector Partners Planning, Monitoring, Research, Evaluation and Knowledge Management Sanitation Marketing and Supply side interventions Media and communication
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The key support responsibilities of the PMU will be to: Developing detailed ODF plans, generating resources for its implementation Develop capacities of front line facilitators in relevant sanitation approach and Behavior Change Skills; Develop and oversee an effective M&E system for routine monitoring and more effective evidence based planning to achieve planned targets; Conduct and arrange for research and evaluations, i.e. baseline, midline and end line as well as regular third party monitoring. Document and disseminate best practices and lesson learnt; Identify ways and means to mobilize partners and resources; Promote private sector in marketing of low cost sanitation materials; Develop effective communication tools and engage media following local media approach for creating mass awareness on sanitation and hygiene Services of existing staff of Design Cell housed in PHED will be utilized for the project which is being run by the Project Coordinator along with team of experts. However, Environmental Safeguards Specialist (ESS) and Capacity and Social Development Specialist (CSDS) (detailed TORs are given in Annex J) and other staff (M&E and Reporting Officer, Accounts Assistant, Admin Assistant, Project Assistant and supporting staff) will be recruited newly under the project. Recruitment of staff will be as per Punjab Government Recruitment Policy 2004. The PD will be responsible for overall planning, execution, coordination, reporting, monitoring of the program as following management structure:
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Fig, 7.1: Management Structure of PMU at PHED
Project Director (PD) of Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP) based at PHED will be overall responsible for the implementation of ESMF compliance throughout the project. Environmental Safeguards Specialist (ESS) and Social Development Specialists (CSDS) will be hired by the PD under PMU of PNSIP, who will assist PD to implement ESMF in letter and spirit (The TORs of ESS/CSDS are presented in Annex J). Both specialist will directly be responsible for subproject screening, development of subproject specific ESMPs and their implementation, internal monitoring and progress reporting. Community Development Officers (CDOs) of each project district will be nominated as Environmental and Social Focal Persons (ESFPs) for the implementation of Environmental and social/resettlement issues, addressing grievances, conduct stakeholders consultations and coordination and reporting to the Project Director.
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7.2.3. District Management Unit (DMU)
In all the target 11 districts of South Punjab, a District Management Unit (DMU) will be established and housed at existing HUD&PHED district level office. The DMU will be led by Executive Engineer of HUD&PHED while Community Development Officer (CDO) and Project Manager of the relevant NGO partner will constitute the core team. The DMU will be assisted by an MIS Assistant that will be ensuring the data collection and compilation support from the Community Based Mobilisers (CBMs) and NGO
District Managemnt Unit(DMU) Executive Engineer
Implementing Partner NGOs Community Development for social mobilization Unit(CDU) for social mobilization Community Based Mobilizers(CBMs)
Community Project Manager Development Officer Technical (CDO)-nominated as Assistance for ESFP hardware support
MIS Assistant partners of the program.
Fig. 7.2: Structure of DMU at District level
The DMU will generally be responsible for: i. Ensuring execution of the program as per action plan ii. Support and coordinate with ESS and CSDS throughout implementation of ESMF at district/field level iii. District ODF Planning and its implementation iv. Creating 20 Model Villages v. Best utilization of rewarded amount by communities vi. Coordination with D-WASH-CC and Sector Partners-IPs NGOs vii. Reporting to the Project Director on progress and strategies
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Terms of References of the DMU members will be as:
i. Executive Engineer(Xen) a. Planning and Execution of all activities as per action plan b. Conducting progress review c. Dealing finance related matters d. Sharing report with PD ii. Community Development Unit a. Performing social mobilization activities through existing team of 7 persons (1 Community Development Officer (CDO)/ESFP and 6 CBMs) and coordination and field support to the PMU during implementation of ESMF. Community Development Officer being ESFP will be responsible to provide support to ESS and CSDS from screening to ESMPs compliance and monitoring and evaluation b. Ensuring ODF certification of villages c. Planning and monitoring for provision of hard component iii. Implementing Partners -NGOs a. Recruiting the team consisting of Manager, accountant, M&E officer and Social mobilizers (1 per 10 revenue villages) b. Performing social mobilization activities c. Ensuring ODF certification of villages iv. MIS Assistant a. Data entry as per requirement b. Compiling progress on regular basis c. Providing guidance on IT related matters IPs will support community participation, consultations and other social activities from the sub- project identification to completion stage.
Table 7.3 Positions and Responsibilities Under Proposed Implementation Framework at PMU Sr.# Association Position Responsibilities 01 PMU at PHED Projector Director PD will be overall responsible for ensuring the head office (PD) ESMF compliance throughout the project. PD will be responsible to organize extensive Training/Capacity Enhancement Programs for PMU and DMU staff for successful implementation of ESMF PD will be responsible for maintaining all the necessary records/documents (e.g. Screening reports, ESMPs, VLD documents, RAP, monitoring reports, Quarterly and annual ESMF compliance
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reports, annual TPV Reports, training reports etc.) PD will be responsible to share the progress reports and other document with WB counterparts as and when required. PD will ensure transparent and cost effective monitoring. PD will engage other specialists and/or firms to carry out external monitoring of ESMF compliance as Third Party Validation. Project Coordinate with the IPs and the District ESFPs to Coordinator(01) ensure the proper ESMF implementation across the board and will report to the PD Facilitate the ESS and CSDS in organizing training programs and field activities
Environmental The Environmental Safeguards Specialist & Social Safeguards Development Specialist will be directly responsible Specialist 01 (ESS) for subprojects screening, development of and Capacity & subproject specific ESMPs, VLD documents and Social RAPs and their implementation, internal Development monitoring and progress reporting Specialist (01) ESS and CSDS will be responsible to build the capacity of other staff at PMU level and ESFPs regarding implementation of ESMF and environmental and social safeguards (as currently PHED both at head office and district level has no technical capacity on environmental and social safeguards and ESMF) ESS and CSDS will assist district ESFP in monitoring the effective ESMF implementation. They will also be responsible for maintaining and preparing all the necessary records/documents (e.g. Screening reports, ESMPs, VLD documents, RAP, monitoring reports, Quarterly and annual ESMF compliance reports, annual TPV Reports (conducted through outsourcing), training reports etc.). ESS and CSDS will provide technical assistance to the ESPFs in clearance of ESMPs from DO- Environment and ensure the clearance of ESMPs
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from WB 02 District Environmental and CDO of each project district will be designated Management Social Focal Person Environmental and Social Focal Person (ESFP)for Unit (DMU) ESMF compliance in field and resolution of environmental and social/VLD issues, addressing grievances, conduct stakeholders consultations and coordination (with the technical support of ESS and CSDS)and reporting to Project Director ESFPs will be responsible for site monitoring and ESMPs compliance from sub-projects contractors in true letter and spirit during and after sub- projects execution ESFPs will be responsible for clearance of ESMPs from their respective District Officer-Environment ESFP will be responsible for the implementation of capacity building training plan of VOs ESFP will document the implementation of training plan and ESMF process at district level 03 Village Village Organization (VO) will be responsible for Organization mobile monitoring. Mobile monitoring will be (VO) linked to NGOs, PMU and PD VO will facilitate the PMU and DMU staff during sub-projects inspection and site visits 04 Implementing Support community participation, consultations Partners and other social activities from the sub-project NGOs identification to completion stage Project Managers and Social Mobilizers hired by IPs, under the supervision of ESFPs, will ensure the ESMF adherence and monitoring at field level IPs will be responsible to provide capacity building trainings to their field staff and workers IP will document the trainings
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7.3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK
The anticipated Environmental and Social potential impacts at subprojects-levels are present in the below ESMMF table 7.4 1) Improvement/rehabilitation/construction of toilets/pit latrines in schools with hand washing facilities in selected schools; 2) Toilet constructed and managed by communities; 3) Improvement/Rehabilitation/Construction of paved roads/soling in 20 Model Villages 4) Improvement/Rehabilitation/Construction of Sewerage/covered Drainage Facility 5) Construction of Oxidation Ponds-small scale liquid waste treatment facility in 20 Model Villages
Table 7.4: Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Framework
1. Improvement/Rehabilitation/Construction of Toilets/pit latrines in Schools
Anticipated Social Cost and Sr.# /Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Source of Impacts Funds 1. Air Quality Tractor loads should be covered with any suitable material. Inspect ESFPs During Nil deterioration due to Truck/tractor Construction dust emissions and mobility of toilets excavation activities Soil and temporary spoil piles should be covered or sprayed Inspect ESFPs During Nil with water if generating dust. construction Construction site of toilets Latrine Construction sites including Soil piles in schools Inspect ESFPs During Rs.2,000 per should be fenced to avoid material escape, generation of fencing Construction fencing at dust and access to children. of toilets each school 2. Surface and Ground It will be ensured that the wastes are not released into any Inspect ESFPs During Nil Water Quality drinking water source, cultivation fields, or critical habitat. discharge operation of deterioration due to points of toilets and runoff from school school toilets hand washing
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Anticipated Social Cost and Sr.# /Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Source of Impacts Funds toilets during facilities operation Effluents from the construction sites will not be released to Inspect ESFPs During Nil drinking water sources, cultivation fields, irrigation channels, construction Construction and critical habitats. Appropriate effluent treatment site of toilets arrangements such as settling tanks will be made at the site. 3. Solid Waste Construction sites should be equipped with temporary Inspect ESFPs During Rs.1,000 per Management for refuse bins. placement of Construction school school toilets during refuse bins of toilets construction and Disposal of solid waste will be carried out in a manner that Inspect waste ESFPs During Nil operation does not negatively affect the drinking water sources, disposal Construction cultivation fields, irrigation channels, natural drainage paths, of toilets and the existing waste management system in the area, local routes, and general aesthetic value of the area. Wastes should be routinely collected from the designated Inspect waste ESFPs During Nil area and disposed at waste disposal facilities. disposal Construction of toilets 4. Possible Noise Machinery operation and high noise activities should be Inspect ESFPs During Nil emissions from carefully planned and scheduled. construction Construction running of activities near of toilets construction communities machinery Where that is not possible, high noise activities should cease Inspect ESFPs During Nil between 22:00 and 06:00 hrs. working hours Construction of toilets 5. Occupational Health WB and IFC Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines Audit WB EHS ESFPs During Nil
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Anticipated Social Cost and Sr.# /Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Source of Impacts Funds and Safety i.e.Environmental Code of Practice(ECoP) (attached at the (ECoP)guidelin Construction end of this document as Annex N) will be implemented es provisions of toilets The construction contracts will include appropriate clauses Inspect ESFPs During Nil to protect environment and public health. The present ESMF bidding Construction will be included in the bidding document. documents of toilets Avoid stagnation of water and initiate drainage/cleanup of Inspect ESFPs During Nil stagnant water. construction Construction site of toilets Provide for the provision of appropriately stocked first-aid Inspect First ESFPs During Rs.1,000 per equipment at work sites; aid provision Construction school of toilets Provide for the provision of appropriate personal protective Inspect PPE ESFPs During For each equipment (PPE) to minimize risks, such as but not limited to provision Construction school site, 5 appropriate outerwear, boots and gloves; safety helmets; of toilets workers will be utilized, PPE each sets = Rs.6,000 Provide training for workers for the use of PPE; Check training ESFPs During Biannually, 4- records Construction day of toilets workshop @ Rs.15,000 per workshop Inc. expenses Include procedures for documenting and reporting Check ESFPs During Nil
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Anticipated Social Cost and Sr.# /Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Source of Impacts Funds accidents, diseases, and incidents. procedures Construction of toilets
2. Toilet Improvement/Rehabilitation/Construction and Management by Communities at HHs level
Anticipated Cost and Sr.# Social/Environme Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Source of ntal Impacts Funds 1. Unsuitable toilet During behavior change activities in the communities, Check and IPs/VOs During BCC construction may environment friendly designs of toilets (suitable for that specific Inspect course of Campaign- lead to water area) will be disseminated within the communities as a guide sustainability project Behavior contamination and unfriendly design impacts shall be communicated. change Monitoring shall be made during project life cycle to check the activities sustainability of implemented interventions. included in Flush toilets should not be encouraged in areas under the project cost project where water is scarce and in dry season. 2. Pit/septic tank Composting of biodegradable waste will be considered and Check and IPs/VOs During Behavior Sludge adopted. Sludge after emptying the tanks/pits should be Inspect course of change Management landfilled at proper location and left for degradation. sustainability project activities Sludge will not be disposed of into open land included in During behavior change activities in the communities, this project cost aspect will be communicated and awareness raising workshops will be conducted in communities. 3. Surface and It will be ensured through consultation and awareness that the ESFP/IP/VO During Awareness Ground Water wastes are not released into any drinking water source, course of raising Quality cultivation fields, or critical habitat. project activities are
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Anticipated Cost and Sr.# Social/Environme Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Source of ntal Impacts Funds deterioration due included in to runoff from project cost community toilets 4. Impacts on It will be ensured that the subprojects do not have any negative ESFP/IP/VO During Nil Women, Children, impacts on women, children and vulnerable groups. course of and Vulnerable project Groups
3. Improvement/Rehabilitation/Construction of paved roads/soling in 20 Model Villages
Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr. # Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule of Funds Impacts 1. Change in land use Public Consultation before execution of sub- Inspect site ESFPs During course Compensation due to site clearance, project and pay compensation in case of any before and /IPs of project cost to be pavement works loss/damage to private properties. during /VOs included in the execution sub-project cost 2. Air pollution due to Inspect sub- ESFPs During course Nil dust from Water Sprinkling project site of project exposed surface, from Cover material during transportation. during construction Use of face mask while working on dust prone construction equipment’s and areas Awareness and capacity building for use of vehicles appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) will be mandatory. 3. Noise pollution Avoid construction activities during school hours Inspect site ESFPs During course Nil during construction Restricted use of horn near school and areas during of project
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr. # Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule of Funds Impacts works, settlements construction Material hauling and activities unloading 4. Solid waste Inspect camp ESFPs/ During course House rent/ generation storage Location of camp site away from settlements site VOs/ of project compensation to deposits, excavation Proper storage and disposal of chemical and IPs be included in debris and solid materials in the area designated by ESFP/VO/IPs. the sub-project waste, and waste May use local labor and local houses as camp area cost. water from camp site In case local house is to be used as camp office, of labor pay rent as compensation to house/land owner may cause pollution 5. Air pollution due to Inspect during ESFPs During course Nil emission of All the vehicles deployed for material movement construction of project smoke, increase in shall be spill proof to the extent possible. activities vibration and Equipment/Vehicles deployed for construction noise pollution due to activities shall be monitored regularly operation of construction equipment’s 6. Impact on Community Restoration or relocation of affected Inspect ESFPs / During course Contractor will Infrastructure due to infrastructures. community IPs/ of project be responsible to demolition of Information signboard will be placed (Such as areas VOs restore the structures along School area, Speed limit, drive slowly) private road alignment infrastructure 7. Impacts on Women It will be ensured that the subprojects do not have Inspect during ESFPs During course Nil
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr. # Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule of Funds Impacts (privacy and pardah any negative impacts on women, children and construction IP/ of project issues) vulnerable groups. activities VO Children (restricted Labor will be trained not to interfere with the local movements) and community overall restricted Local community (especially women and children) mobility will be informed before construction activities and entry of labor at site areas 8. Occupational Health WB Group’s Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Audit WB EHS ESFPs/ During course Cost of First Aid and Safety Guidelines (ECoPS) (attached at the end of this guidelines Contractor of project Box= 1000 document) will be implemented provisions The construction contracts will include appropriate Inspect bidding ESFPs/ PPE cost per clauses to protect environment and public health. documents Contractor worker=6000 The present ESMF will be included in the bidding document. Avoid stagnation of water and initiate Inspect ESFPs/ drainage/cleanup of stagnant water. construction Contractor site Provide for the provision of appropriately stocked Inspect First ESFPs/ first-aid equipment at work sites; aid provision Contractor Provide for the provision of appropriate personal Inspect PPE ESFPs/ protective equipment (PPE) to minimize risks, such provision Contractor as but not limited to appropriate outerwear, boots and gloves; safety helmets
4. Improvement/Rehabilitation/Construction of Sewerage/covered Drainage Facility
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr. # Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule of Funds Impacts 1. Odor, water quality Design to secondary treatment Inspect site ESFPs During course nil degradation, use of infiltration gallery for effluent disposal before and /IPs of project aesthetics buffer zones during /VOs Simple O&M execution 2. Air pollution due to Inspect sub- ESFPs During course Nil dust from Water Sprinkling project site of project exposed surface, Minimizing on-site material storage during from Cover material during transportation. construction construction Use of face mask while working on dust prone equipment’s and areas Awareness and capacity building for use of vehicles appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) will be mandatory. 3. Noise pollution Avoid construction activities during school hours Inspect site ESFPs During course Inherent to during construction Restricted use of horn near school and settlements areas during of project construction works, Careful construction scheduling construction contract costs Material hauling and Site sound barriers activities unloading Proper O&M of equipment 4. Solid waste Inspect camp ESFPs/ During course House rent/ generation storage Location of camp site away from settlements site VOs/ of project compensation to deposits, excavation Proper storage and disposal of chemical and IPs be included in debris and solid materials in the area designated by ESFP/VO/IPs. the sub-project waste, and waste May use local labor and local houses as camp area cost. water from camp site In case local house is to be used as camp office, pay of labor rent as compensation to house/land owner may cause pollution
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr. # Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule of Funds Impacts 5. Air pollution due to Inspect during ESFPs During course Nil emission of All the vehicles deployed for material movement construction of project smoke, increase in shall be spill proof to the extent possible. activities vibration and Equipment/Vehicles deployed for construction noise pollution due activities shall be monitored regularly to operation of construction equipment’s 6. Impact on Restoration or relocation of affected Inspect ESFPs / During course Contractor will Community infrastructures. community IPs/ of project be responsible to Infrastructure due to Information signboard will be placed (Such as areas VOs restore the demolition of School area, Speed limit, drive slowly) private structures along infrastructure alignment 7. Impacts on Women It will be ensured that the subprojects do not have Inspect during ESFPs During course Capacity Building (privacy and pardah any negative impacts on women, children and construction IP/ of project /training sessions issues) vulnerable groups. activities VO with labor Children (restricted Labor will be trained not to interfere with the local movements) and community overall restricted Local community (especially women and children) mobility will be informed before construction activities and entry of labor at site areas 8. Occupational Health WB Group’s Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Audit WB EHS ESFPs/ During course Cost of First Aid and Safety Guidelines i.e.ECoPs (attached at the end of this guidelines Contractor of project Box= 1000 document) will be implemented provisions
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr. # Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule of Funds Impacts The construction contracts will include appropriate Inspect bidding ESFPs/ PPE cost per clauses to protect environment and public health. documents Contractor worker=6000 The present ESMF will be included in the bidding document. Avoid stagnation of water and initiate Inspect ESFPs/ drainage/cleanup of stagnant water. construction Contractor site Provide for the provision of appropriately stocked Inspect First ESFPs/ first-aid equipment at work sites; aid provision Contractor Provide for the provision of appropriate personal Inspect PPE ESFPs/ protective equipment (PPE) to minimize risks, such provision Contractor as but not limited to appropriate outerwear, boots and gloves; safety helmets 9. Odor /gaseous Engineering controls Community ESFPs/ During O/M To be emissions during Buffer zones consultation VOs determined in O/M Odor control Contractor final design – O&M capacity building included in cost estimates 10. Damage to drinking Engineering controls Community ESFPs/ During Water Quality water supply line Consultation with VOs in areas where drinking consultation IPs operation Analysis will be /deterioration of water supply schemes are run by VOs VOs carried out in water quality due to Public consultation before time and supplementary PHED labs mixing of waste arrangements if water supply has to be stopped for water certain time period Water Quality Analysis before ,during and after
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr. # Environmental Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule of Funds Impacts construction activities 11. Excavated areas / Public consultation and awareness regarding project Site inspections ESFPs/ During Nil uncovered manholes activities IPs operation may cause a Cardoon off the exceed area and manholes VOs nuisance for children Use of Signage
12. Blockages/chocking Capacity building/awareness raising sessions with As and when VOs Post project of system may cause community regarding use and maintenance of desired nuisance when it system handed over to the Ensure the effective working of VO to run the community/VO system at their own Strengthen the GRM at VO level
5. Construction of Oxidation Ponds-Small Scale Liquid Waste Treatment Facility in 20 Model Villages
Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr.# Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Environmental of Funds Impacts 1. Air pollution The use of a digesting treatment before disposal can During and ESFPs/ During and after To be considerably lessen these odors. after VOs construction determined in Construction and However, there is no natural or artificial structure to construction final design – operation of the prevent this diffusion, and the effect may be alleviated included in cost oxidation pond to some extent by careful alignment. estimates may increase Exhaust and suspended particulate may be lessened if levels of exhaust methane gas is recovered from the sludge and used for
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr.# Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Environmental of Funds Impacts and suspended energy generation particulate. 2. Surface/GW Construction of the treatment plant will considerably Carefully Design At planning/ To be contamination improve the quality of the wastewater discharged to consider at Engineers of design stage determined in agricultural fields. screening stage PMU-PHED and at final design Degradation of GW quality if leakage may occur which ESS and DMU operational should be considered in engineering design to control phase after leakage construction GW levels may increase and cause water logging if constructed in shallow regions. Therefore, it should be considered during design/planning phase 3. Overflow can In case of mixing of storm water into the wastewater Pre- Design At planning/ To be cause collecting system, the water loads will be increased construction-at Engineers of design stage determined in flooding/damage which should be adjusted in the design capacity at design phase PMU-PHED final design to nearby planning/design stage ESS and DMU properties/crops 4. Odour, aesthetic Design to secondary treatment Inspect site ESFPs During course of To be nuisance use of infiltration gallery for effluent disposal before and /IPs project determined in buffer zones during /VOs final design The operation of Simple O&M execution the oxidation pond and the transportation of sludge to its final disposal site can
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr.# Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Environmental of Funds Impacts affect the vicinity with offensive odour 2. Air pollution due Inspect sub- ESFPs During course of Nil to dust from Water Sprinkling project site project exposed surface, Minimizing on-site material storage during from Cover material during transportation. construction construction Use of face mask while working on dust prone areas equipment’s and Awareness and capacity building for use of appropriate vehicles personal protective equipment (PPE) will be mandatory. 3. Noise pollution Avoid construction activities during school hours Inspect site ESFPs During course of Inherent to during Restricted use of horn near school and settlements areas during project construction construction Careful construction scheduling construction contract costs works, Site sound barriers activities Material hauling Proper O&M of equipment and unloading 4. Solid waste Inspect camp ESFPs/ During course of House rent/ generation Location of camp site away from settlements site VOs/ project compensation to storage deposits, Proper storage and disposal of chemical and materials IPs be included in excavation debris in the area designated by ESFP/VO/IPs. the sub-project and solid waste, May use local labor and local houses as camp area cost. and waste water In case local house is to be used as camp office, pay
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr.# Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Environmental of Funds Impacts from camp site of rent as compensation to house/land owner labor may cause pollution 5. Air pollution due Inspect during ESFPs During course of Nil to emission of All the vehicles deployed for material movement shall construction project smoke, increase be spill proof to the extent possible. activities in vibration and Equipment/Vehicles deployed for construction noise pollution activities shall be monitored regularly due to operation of construction equipment(s) 6. Impact on Restoration or relocation of affected infrastructures. Inspect ESFPs / During course of Contractor will Community Information signboard will be placed (Such as School community IPs/ project be responsible to Infrastructure area, Speed limit, drive slowly) areas VOs restore the due to demolition private of infrastructure structures along alignment 7. Impacts on It will be ensured that the subprojects do not have any Inspect during ESFPs During course of Capacity Building Women (privacy negative impacts on women, children and vulnerable construction IP/ project /training sessions and pardah groups. activities VO with labor issues) Labor will be trained not to interfere with the local
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr.# Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Environmental of Funds Impacts Children community (restricted Local community (especially women and children) will movements) and be informed before construction activities and entry of overall restricted labor at site areas mobility 8. Occupational WB Group’s Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Audit WB EHS ESFPs/ During course of Cost of First Aid Health and Safety Guidelines (attached at the end of this document) will guidelines Contractor project Box= 1000 be implemented provisions The construction contracts will include appropriate Inspect bidding ESFPs/ PPE cost per clauses to protect environment and public health. The documents Contractor worker=6000 present ESMF will be included in the bidding document. Avoid stagnation of water and initiate Inspect ESFPs/ drainage/cleanup of stagnant water. construction Contractor site Provide for the provision of appropriately stocked first- Inspect First ESFPs/ aid equipment at work sites; aid provision Contractor Provide for the provision of appropriate personal Inspect PPE ESFPs/ protective equipment (PPE) to minimize risks, such as provision Contractor but not limited to appropriate outerwear, boots and gloves; safety helmets 13. Odor /gaseous Engineering controls Community ESFPs/ During O/M To be emissions during Buffer zones consultation VOs determined in O/M Odor control Contractor final design – O&M capacity building included in cost
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr.# Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Environmental of Funds Impacts estimates 14. Open structure of Public consultation and awareness Community IPs During Nil Oxidation pond Cardoon off the surrounding area and create a Awareness VOs operation may cause a boundary line in the premises source of falling Use of Signage danger for children 15. Waste Sludge The waste water treatment will generate a VOs Post Operation VOs will manage considerable amount of waste in the form of sludge. Community phase at self-sustained This sludge must be disposed off carefully. basis Nevertheless, depending on the quality of the sludge, it could be used as fertilizer. 16. Involuntary During VLD procedure, it will be ensured that there are At CSDS , Implementation Resettlement no inhabitants /squatters at that piece of land Planning/desig VOs of RPF if from the nearby Negative post project impacts can also be minimized by n and required surrounding areas planning the construction in preferably outside the screening stage after operation populated area or an area with low population density phase may occur in surroundings due to odor nuisance or if the community land to be used for construction of oxidation pond
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Anticipated Social/ Cost and Source Sr.# Mitigation Measure(s) Monitoring Responsibility Schedule Environmental of Funds Impacts has squatters
7.3.1. Environmental and Social Mitigation and Monitoring Plan of ESMF The generic mitigation plan prepared on the basis of impact assessment discussed in the previous section is presented in Table 7.5. The subproject-specific mitigation plans will be implemented in combination with the generic mitigation plan. These mitigation plans will be expanded if needed and finalized once the subproject location is known. These plans will also be included in the subproject ESMPs. The relevant mitigation plans and also the site-specific ESMP will be included in the design of each subproject, and included in the bidding documents of contractors.
Table 7.5: ESMF Mitigation and Monitoring Plan
Environmental / Responsibility Sr. Potential Frequency of Social Impact Location Mitigation Actions # Significance Intervention Implementation Monitoring / Issue Anticipated Subprojects (financed under PSNIP)
1. Subproject Medium At subprojects It will be ensured through screening checklist Before the ESS and CSDS DMU ,PMU Siting to any location (sample presented in Annex C&D) that the start of each with ESPFs sensitive area subproject avoids any ecologically sensitive areas, subproject /IPs/VOs PCRs and involuntary resettlement. Involuntary Resettlement Screening Checklist as presented in Annex D to be used to check the land belong to the school or government land and free from any disputes. Village Organizations, land owners, notables of village and Education Department officials will be
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Environmental / Responsibility Sr. Potential Frequency of Social Impact Location Mitigation Actions # Significance Intervention Implementation Monitoring / Issue taken onboard for the identification construction sites of sub-projects. The subprojects will be established on the land owned by community or Government land .Community land will be acquired through VLD procedure. If VLD will not be possible, the RPF as part of this report will be applied. Complete documentation will be maintained for VLD. Valuation and compensation of affected assets of community should be in line with RPF/Sub- projects RAPs and considered before the field activities. Community consultations will be carried out before establishing the sites. 2. Air Quality Low Construction Construction machinery, generators, and vehicles During Contractor ESFP deterioration sites of sub- will be kept in good working condition, minimizing Construction due to dust projects exhaust emissions. emissions, odor Truck/tractor loads should be covered with and aesthetics suitable material. nuisance Soil and temporary spoil piles should be covered Water sprinkling will be ensured to avoid generating dust. Construction sites including soil piles in schools and streets should be barricaded to avoid material escape, generation of dust and access to
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Environmental / Responsibility Sr. Potential Frequency of Social Impact Location Mitigation Actions # Significance Intervention Implementation Monitoring / Issue children. 3. Water Low At labor camps Capacity building of workers During Contractor ESFP Consumption and during Labors and construction training Conservation activities sessions 4. Surface and Low Construction Design characteristics in case of oxidation ponds At planning/ Design Engineers PMU,DMU Ground Water site construction will be considered to avoid leakages design stage Quality GW levels and existing quality of GW will be and during ESS deterioration considered at screening stage. construction It will be ensured that the wastes are not released Contractor into any drinking water source, irrigation channels, cultivation fields, or critical habitat. Effluents from the construction sites will not be released to drinking water sources, cultivation fields, irrigation channels, and critical habitats. Appropriate effluent treatment arrangements such as settling tanks will be made at the site. Sludge collected from existing sewerage/drainage systems will be collected in a safely manner and may be used as fertilizer. 5. Solid Waste Low Construction Recycling of solid waste and minimization should During and Contractor ESFP Management site and labor be carried out as far as possible and practical. after camp Composting of biodegradable waste may be construction considered and adopted. activities Disposal of solid waste will be carried out in a
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Environmental / Responsibility Sr. Potential Frequency of Social Impact Location Mitigation Actions # Significance Intervention Implementation Monitoring / Issue manner that does not negatively affect the drinking water sources, cultivation fields, irrigation channels, natural drainage paths, and the existing waste management system in the area, local routes, and general aesthetic value of the area. Construction sites should be equipped with temporary refuse bins. Wastes should be routinely collected from the designated area and disposed at waste disposal facilities. 6. Noise Low Construction Machinery operation and high noise activities During Contractor ESFP sites should be carefully planned and scheduled. machinery Where that is not possible, high noise activities operations should cease between 22:00 and 06:00 hrs.
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Environmental / Responsibility Sr. Potential Frequency of Social Impact Location Mitigation Actions # Significance Intervention Implementation Monitoring / Issue 7. Occupational Low Construction The construction contracts will include Construction Contractor ESFP Health and sites appropriate clauses to protect environment and phase Safety public health. The present ESMF compliance in form of relevant ESMP of sub-project will be included in the bidding document. Avoid stagnation of water and initiate drainage/cleanup of stagnant water. Provide for the provision of appropriately stocked first-aid equipment at work sites; Provide for the provision of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize risks, such as but not limited to appropriate outerwear, boots and gloves; safety helmets; Provide training for workers for the use of PPE; WB Group’s Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines (attached at the end of this document) will be implemented; Include procedures for documenting and reporting accidents, diseases, and incidents. 8. Labor Issues Low Construction Preference will be given to labor from locally Construction Contractor ESFP site skilled and unskilled workers of community for phase IPs the construction of toilets in schools. VOs PD will ensure that certain clauses will be added in the contract documents i.e. not to force labor to work and official minimum wages to be paid. Consultation with labor will be ensured by IPs and
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Environmental / Responsibility Sr. Potential Frequency of Social Impact Location Mitigation Actions # Significance Intervention Implementation Monitoring / Issue ESFPs. Subproject Exclusions (Not financed under PSNIP) 9. Unsuitable toilet Low All project During behavior change activities in the During IPs ESFP construction may districts communities, environment friendly designs of construction /VO lead to water toilets (suitable for that specific area) will be contamination disseminated within the communities as a guide and unfriendly design impacts shall be communicated. (See Annex I) Monitoring shall be made during project life cycle to check the sustainability of implemented interventions. Flush toilets should not be encouraged in areas under the project where water is scarce and in dry season. It will be ensured to provide these site specific provisions in toilets construction guidelines by the PMU (See Annex I) 10. Pit Sludge Medium All project Sludge Management should be made part of During IP/ ESFP Management districts ESMPs of sub-project. Sludge after emptying the course of VO/ pits should be disposed off at proper location and project Community left for degradation. During behavior change activities in the communities, this aspect will be communicated and awareness raising workshops will be conducted in communities.
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7.4. MONITORING FRAMEWORK ESMF monitoring will be integrated with the overall project monitoring components however (described in detail in Chapter 2), it may be elaborated as under:
7.4.1. Internal Monitoring ESMF monitoring will be carried out to ensure that the ESMPs and mitigation plans are regularly and effectively implemented. It will be carried out at three levels. At PHED (PMU) level, district level (DMU) and at field level (IPs/VOs). ESMF monitoring at district and field level should be integrated with the GIS based android application.
At the PMU level, the environment and social specialists will carry out ESMF monitoring to ensure that the mitigation plans are being effectively implemented, and will conduct field visits on a regular basis. The District Management Unit (DMU) will also be responsible for ESMF implementation monitoring and evaluation. Monitoring checklists will be prepared by environment and social specialists and the subproject-specific mitigation plans included in the ESMPs. ESFPs of DMU will carry out monitoring at field level with the assistance of CBMs and will carry out frequent field visits at project sites. IPs and VOs will be responsible for monitoring of contractors at field level
The DMU and IPs will also conduct consultation with communities especially women. Monitoring checklists will be prepared and the subproject-specific mitigation plans included in the ESMPs.
Table 7.6: Monitoring Levels and Responsibility
Level Responsibility Monitoring Tasks
Internal Monitoring PMU Level Environment and social ESMF monitoring to ensure that the mitigation specialists (ESS & CSDS) plans provided in ESMPs are being effectively implemented, and will conduct field visits on a regular basis District ESFPs supervised by (DMU) ESMF implementation monitoring and Level(DMU) and technically assisted by ESS evaluation and CSDS Maintain the records / documents of monitoring reports/checklist Consultation with communities especially women Field Project Manager and other Field level environmental and social aspects Level(VOs/IPs) team of IPs
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7.4.2. External Monitoring -Third Party Validation (TPV) The project will engage Independent Environmental and Social Monitoring Consultants (IESMC) individual consultants/firms) as third party to conduct external monitoring i.e. Third Party Validation throughout the project execution. PD will be responsible to hire IESMCs for TPV with the technical assistance of ESS and CSDS. However, it is recommended that for ESMF TPV, a separate firm/individual consultants (having specified knowledge of ESMF)should be hired and it should not be included in the terms of reference of Design/ Financial consultants(will be hired for PSNIP TPV).
The IESMC scope includes but not limited to:
Review ESMF and propose amendments/changes- if required; Review implementation procedures are in compliance with the procedures/steps prescribed in ESMF; Review the implementation status of mitigation measures in the ESMF, sumps, and Screening Checklists, and the related documentation; Review the environmental and social monitoring regime as specified in the ESMF and sumps; Review reports of monitoring carried out by ESS/CSDS/seeps, identify non- compliances/gaps, and recommend changes, to improve monitoring mechanisms, if any. Carry out the field visits of sample sub-projects during/after construction for spot checks and monitoring Conduct stakeholders consultations particularly with community to validate their participation, feedback/comments and level of awareness regarding ongoing interventions of PSNIP in their area
This will include providing feedback to improve integration of ESMF in the overall project implementation. IESMC will report on quarterly basis to the PMU for further submission to WB and other agencies. The TORs of TPV IESMC as presented in Annex K.
Below table presents the measures/activities to be monitored internally and externally during project lifecycle:
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Table 7.7: ESMF Monitoring Framework
Monitoring Internal TPV (IESMC) S# Measures/Activities to be monitored District PMU Level Frequency Frequency Field Level Frequency Frequency Level Anticipated Subprojects (financed under PSNIP)
1. Subprojects Siting to any sensitive area ESS and CSDS At least ESFPs At least Quarterly Subprojects siting will ensure once once VLD procedures and Evaluation and compensation of the site visit before before affected assets in line with RPF/Sub-projects RAP. of every sub- siting of siting of project for sub- each sub- screening projects project and public consultation 2. Air Quality deterioration due to dust emissions ESS and CSDS Before, ESFPs Monthly IPs/VOs Daily Quarterly Condition of construction machinery, generators, and will ensure during, and vehicles in terms of exhaust emissions. the site visit after sub- Covering and spraying of soil and temporary spoil piles. of every sub- project Access to students of schools and community project for activities disruption. screening and public consultation 3. Surface and Ground Water Quality deterioration ESFPs Weekly IPs/VOs Daily Quarterly Wastewater disposal. 4. Solid Waste Management ESFPs Weekly IPs/VOs Daily Quarterly Collection, disposal and management of solid waste.
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Monitoring Internal TPV (IESMC) S# Measures/Activities to be monitored District PMU Level Frequency Frequency Field Level Frequency Frequency Level 5. Noise ESFPs Weekly IPs/VOs Daily Quarterly Planning and scheduling of machinery operation and high noise activities. 6. Occupational Health and Safety ESS/CSDS will Monthly ESFPs Weekly IPs/VOs Daily Quarterly Provisions of WB Group’s Environment, Health and visit at least Safety (EHS) Guidelines once in a Signs of stagnation of water if any and site month during housekeeping. construction Provision of appropriately stocked first-aid equipment of each sub- and Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPEs); project Check Training records Check accidents records. 7. Impacts on Women, Children, and Vulnerable Groups ESS/CSDS will Women’s participation during project preparation and visit at least execution once in a Participation of vulnerable groups month during construction of each sub- project 8. Social Conflicts ESS/CSDS will Monthly ESFPs Weekly IPs/VOs Daily Quarterly visit at least once in a month to monitor GRM
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Monitoring Internal TPV (IESMC) S# Measures/Activities to be monitored District PMU Level Frequency Frequency Field Level Frequency Frequency Level Subproject Exclusions (Not financed under PSNIP) 9. Unsuitable toilet construction may lead to water ESS will visit Weekly ESFPs Weekly IPs/VOs Daily Quarterly contamination at least once Dissemination of environment friendly designs of in a month to toilets monitor the environment friendly constructions 10. Pit/septic tank Sludge Management ESS/CSDS will Monthly ESFPs Weekly IPs/VOs Daily Quarterly Sludge Management by communities. visit at least Awareness raising in communities. once in a month to monitor the BCC campaign 11. GRM Implementation ESS/CSDS will Monthly ESFPs Weekly IPs/VOs Daily Quarterly visit at least once in a month to monitor GRM activation
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7.5. TRAINING/CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT FRAMEWORK To ensure the successful implementation of ESMF and compliance of the environmental and social mitigation measures, strengthening of relevant technical staff and VOs’s competencies is essential. These training/capacity enhancement programs will lay the foundation of a self-sustainable project.
The objectives of the environmental and social trainings include providing basic knowledge and information on the key environmental and social issues associated with the proposed interventions to the key project personnel including the ESFPs, Village Officers (VOs), and general project staff. Trainings of the project staff and project beneficiaries will be carried out for the environmental and social management of the subprojects.
Regarding PSNIP implementation and successful compliance of ESMF, Training/Capacity Enhancement Program has 03 major components:
Training as part of BCC and awareness raising campaign-for community ,HHs and VOs District level Training -particular for ESFPs and DMU in general PMU level Training-all the project staff including ESS and CSDS
7.5.1. Environmental and Social Aspects A district wise overhauling of sanitation will require comprehensive trainings & demonstrations for successful implementation of all the components under PSNIP for long-term sustainability. The environmental & social aspects identifications and mitigations integrated with the BCC and awareness raising campaign will equip the project facilitators for a keen sight of project component related environmental issues and their solutions. The trainings will include but not be limited on the subject of responsible social mobilization and eco-friendly approach for appropriate and feasible sub-projects construction with immediate and long term solutions for sustainable uses.
Environmental Safeguards Specialist (ESS) and Capacity & Social Development Specialist (CSDS) working under PMU will have the core responsibility to execute the environmental and social aspects training programs at PMU, DMU and field level. They will also be responsible for preparing and maintaining the reports for each of the trainings conducted at various project units. Further, ESFPs will be responsible for the overall implementation of training plan at district level (to CBMs, IPs, VOs and communities) and will also ensure proper relevant documentation. Additionally, IPs will be responsible to provide trainings to their field staff as well as workers/labors (if may be hired for EHS trainings under supervision of ESFPs and they will also document the trainings. In case IPs may not available for EHS trainings, ESFPs will conduct training sessions for field workers/labor.
Keeping in view the current technical capacity at DMU level, it is recommended to hire the consultancy services of NGOs /firm for workers/labor trainings on Occupational Health and Safety(OHS) measures and implementation of WB respective Guidelines and it should be included in the scope of work of contractor
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Table 7.8: Framework for Training under PSNIP
Description Aspects to be Covered Participants Responsibility Frequency
Environmental Environmental and social Key staff ESS and CSDS Quarterly and social awareness responsible trainings ESMF implementation for PSNIP procedures /steps execution at Key environmental and social PMU level issues associated with the project and subprojects ESMF findings Subproject-specific ESMPs and their components ESMP implementation costs and their inclusion in sub- project’s cost procedures Environmental Environmental and social ESFPs and ESS and CSDS Monthly and social aspects project staff trainings Environmental and social of DMU safeguards awareness-WB OPs and local laws ESMF implementation procedures /steps Sub-projects screening procedures Key environmental and social issues associated with the project and subprojects ESMF findings Subproject-specific ESMPs and their components ESMP implementation costs and their inclusion in sub- project’s cost procedures Sub-Projects specific environmental and social issues and their mitigation measure Sub-projects mitigation measures compliance and monitoring requirements and monitoring Checklists uses in
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field Site-specific mitigation plans compliance Sub-Projects reporting and record maintaining at district level GRM Community occultation and disclosure of information VLD procedures RPF implementation procedures Occupational WB EHS Guidelines ESFPs and ESS or IPs ( if Biannually Health and Safety Use of PPEs DMU staff hired for the (OHS) purpose) ESMP mitigation Mitigation measure plan of Labor/workers ESFPs with the Weekly measures relevant sub-project and technical compliance in contractors assistance of field- at sub- ESS and CSDS projects site Awareness raising Best available techniques for VOs ESFPs, Quarterly construction of toilets Sub-project ESS Environmentally sustainable beneficiaries CSDS toilets designs and uses Sludge Management Water Conservation Waste water management Community Mobilization
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Table 7.9: Training Aspects/Requirements for Various Groups of Participants
NGOs -
Training Aspects/Requirements for Various Groups of
Participants
rtners (IPs) rtners
Project Director and other project staff staff project other and Director Project at PMU (DMU) Unit Management District Person(s) Focal Social and Environmental Pa Implementing Organizations Village Beneficiaries Project Key environmental and social issues associated with the A A T T A A project and subprojects Subproject-specific ESMPs and their components S A T T A S ESMP implementation A T T T S - Subproject screening S A T T A - Subproject monitoring and reporting A A T T A - GRM; Community consultations S T T T A A Best available techniques for construction of toilets S A T A T A Waste disposal and Water management S T T T A A Judicious use of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, IPM A T T T A A and other techniques Ability to identify and incorporate mitigation measures A A T T A - provided in ESMF Ability to oversee the supervision and monitoring to A T T S S - ensure compliance with ESMF Ability to review environmental/social reports (Progress A T A A S - reports) Ability to monitor and supervise work at the district level S T T T S - Ability to capture and report on environmental/social S T T T A S issues outlined in ESMF Assessment of Environmental and Social Progress in A T T T S - accordance with ESMF Legend: T = Detailed training, C = Capacity-strengthening, S = Sensitization to the issues, A = Awareness-raising
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7.6. DISCLOSURE OF SUB-PROJECTS INFORMATION The ESMF shall be uploaded on the project websites, hard copies shall be sent to all institutional stakeholders and all regional offices. The ESMF shall be disclosed internally within the Bank and shall be released in Info Shop. Before start of physical works on the project, the ESMF shall be translated in national / local languages and shall be communicated to stakeholder communities and should be uploaded on the HUD-PHED websites. The subproject specific ESMPs, RAPs and PMPs will also be disclosed and available on official websites of HUD-PHED.
7.6.1. Reporting and Documentation A robust reporting mechanism can enable project progress to be followed up, any prevalent hindrances to program implementation to be identified and rectification measures to be setup if so required. Such a system will allow project IPs/DPs along with the PMU to track the advancement of the program and reconcile these with the overall objectives and targets of the Project.
7.6.2. Reporting& Documentation Framework Regular and comprehensive reporting will be conducted during the course of the subprojects execution. Project Coordinator, ESS, CSDS and EFPs will ensure a constant surveillance of the project progress and deliverables through preparation and submission of these reports. This will include the following:
Table 7.10: Reporting Requirements under each component
Sr.# Type of Reporting Frequency Responsibility 1. Visit Reports and consultation with Weekly Field staff and ESFPs communities including women (with date, time, venue and photographs)
2. Environmental and Social Screening and VLD Weekly ESS,CSDS and ESFPs Checklists and Screening Reports
3. Environmental and Social Monitoring Checklists Weekly ESS,CSDS and ESFPs 4. Progress Reports Quarterly and ESS,CSDS biannual67
5. TPV Reports Quarterly IESMC 6. Training reports Quarterly ESFPs /ESS/CSDS 7. Annual Reviews and lessons learnt Annually ESS,CSDS 8. Project completion report End of project ESS,CSDS completion
67.Quarterly Progress Reports(QPRs)will be at PMU level while Biannual Progress Reports will be shared with World Bank
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7.7. CONSULTATION FRAMEWORK The stakeholder consultation is a continuous process, and should be carried out throughout the life of project. The consultations carried out during the present study and reported in this ESMF are essentially among the initial steps in this process. During the subsequent project phases as well, participation of the project stakeholders need to be ensured.
Table 7.11 describes the proposed consultation framework during different project phases.
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Table 7.11: Consultation Framework
Project Stakeholders Consultation Tools Responsibility Stage Institutional Stakeholders: relevant provincial and Consultative meetings/ and atleast one Stakeholders PD,Project Coordinator, Local Government Departments, academia, Consultation Workshop with all Institutional Stakeholders to ESS ,CSDS bonafide Development Agencies, NGOs and subject deliberate on the planned project interventions and potential
experts in WASH) environmental and social risks
Selected Local Communities including VOs, notables Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) in all districts with Community Field Staff (IPs reps. and and educated community of village (School Representatives on sub-projects activities disclosure and CBMs,) ESFPs,ESS ,CSDS teachers and professionals,educated youth,local potential environmental and social risks
councilers, LHWs and LHVs,land owners including Project Design Project women etc.) Communities from Low-Income backgrounds- Focus Group Discussions in all districts with Community Field Staff (IPs reps. and laborers, tenants ,low income farmers (including Representatives on potential environmental and social risks CBMs,) ESFPs,ESS ,CSDS women and vulnerable groups) Institutional Stakeholders incuding implementation Inception Workshop for: PD,Project Coordinator, partners, District WASH Coordination Discussion on Implementation Plan ESS ,CSDS Committees,PSC, NGOs, and development agencies Finalization of roles and responsibilities for implementation
partners Finalization of Documentation, M&E, Reporting requirements Target Communities/VOs (including representation Focus Group Discussions in all 11 districts: PD,Project Coordinator, from women and vulnerable groups where Information disclosure using ESMPs,RAP,VLD ESS ,CSDS, CBMs and ODF
Project Inception Project relevant) Implementation Plan District Coordination Community Feedback regardingImplementation Plan, Committee including role of VOs, GRM, Institutional Coordination, and M&E
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Beneficiaries at Local-level and Implementation Project Launching Workshop providing all relevant project PD,Project Coordinator, Parnters details as per WB’s information disclosure requirements ESS ,CSDS Beneficiaries and field-level implementation teams Weekly Village-level monitoring and reporting of field-level Field Staff (IPs reps. and activities using pre-designed monitoring templates CBMs,) ESFPs,VOs
Beneficiaries and field-level implementation teams Bi-monthly District-level monitoring and reporting for Field Staff (IPs reps. and compliance of ESMF and environmental and social issues CBMs,) ESFPs,VOs
Project implementation Project identified through GRM procedures
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7.8. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) 7.8.1. Overview and Scope The Grievance Redressal Mechanism proposed here in ESMF will be applicable throughout the course of project during the entire project implementation and will cater to both the directly and indirectly affected populations. This GRM is proposed as a requirement of WB GRM policy to address the public grievances regarding environmental and social issues that may emerge during and after PSNIP sub-projects implementation. It will also cater to manage any disconnects that emerge from the field level and that has significant implications for effective implementation of the sub-project interventions.
In an effort to deter fraud and corruption, the use of a dedicated mobile application has been proposed for reporting of grievances from field level to district and provincial headquarters. This will not only provide a coherent system of checks and balances but will also enable swift redressal and effective monitoring of complaints.
The PMU at HUD-PHED level will serve as the Secretariat for the Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC-Directorate) that will be responsible for providing oversight on the entire GRM process at a strategic level and monitoring of complaints management.
7.8.2. Objectives of Grievance Redress Mechanism The Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) will be consistent with the requirements of the World Bank safeguard policies to ensure mitigation of community concerns, risk management, and maximization of environmental and social benefits. The overall objective of the GRM is therefore to provide a robust system of procedures and processes that provides for transparent and rapid resolution of concerns and complaints identified at the village level.
The GRM will be accessible to diverse members of the community, including women, senior citizens and other vulnerable groups. Culturally-appropriate communication mechanisms will be used at all sub-project sites both to spread awareness regarding the GRM process as well as complaints management .ESMF GRM will be integrated with the PSNIP overall project GRM hotline
7.8.3. Communication & Awareness The final processes and procedures for the GRM will be translated in to local languages (Punjabi/ Saraiki and Urdu) and disseminated at all sub-project locations. These shall be made available (in both leaflet and poster format) to all sub-project locations through the offices of each DMU. Dedicated male and female Grievance Focal Persons for each sub-project location will play an instrumental role in spreading awareness regarding the GRM, including the use of information technology for reporting and monitoring of complaints.
7.8.4. Records and Monitoring The Project Director’s Office will maintain an electronic database at the PMU that will provide a summary of complaints received and mitigations. The PD office will also provide an analysis of the grievances at each sub-project location using a pre-designed M&E template that will give insight in
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Apart from the electronic database that will be maintained at the PMU level, a manual register of all complaints and actions taken will be maintained by the Environmental and Social Focal Persons for each District at the Office of the DMU and a manual register of all day to day complaints and their grievance redressal details will be maintained by VOs their office
7.8.5. Proposed Institutional Mechanisms It is proposed to establish the following prior to commencing project implementation activities including pre-construction activities:
Grievance Focal Points (GFPs), which will be the ambassador of change and educated people from each community on each sub-project site. Two GFPs (1 male and 1 female) will be selected for each sub-project locations and will be community members who are easily approached by the community A Public Complaints Center (PCC) in VO office which will be responsible to receive, log, and resolve complaints at site and in Village level. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC-District) in PMU will be established for each district that will manage GRM aspects for all sub-project locations in each district including decisions to be taken, actions and monitoring of complaints resolution at sub-project level. The ESFPs will play an instrumental role in steering the GRC functions at the district levels. A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC-PMU) will be responsible to oversee the overall functions of the GRM at a strategic level including monthly review.
7.8.6. Grievance Focal Points (GFPs) The GFPs will be literate people from each community that will assist and facilitate the community members in reporting grievances resulting from project activities. The GFPs will take complaints on manual register and also use smart phones for lodging and reporting of grievances by any members of the local community. The GFPs will be provided training by the PMU (through ESS/CSDS and IT/GIS personnel’s responsible for managing the GIS database) in facilitating grievance redress.
7.8.7. Public Complaints Center (PCC) Public Complaints Centers (PCC) in will be established by VOs in their offices. GFPs will communicate the registered complaints to PCC on daily and hourly basis for timely redressal. Complainants may approach PCC directly for the resolution of their grievances
7.8.8. Grievance Redress Committee (GRC-District) A Grievance Redress Committee will be notified under the project for each district. The GRC-District will be chaired by the head PMU-Xen for each district and may include proportionate representation from other Government Departments (Saaf Pani Company, Solid Waste Management Company,
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Livestock Department, and Punjab Environment Protection Department etc.) community representatives, civil society organizations and project team.
7.8.9. Grievance Redress Committee (GRC-PMU) A GRC headed by PD will be developed at PMU level. The GRC would be notified by Project Director. The PD offices will be the secretariat of the GRC. The GRC will function as an independent body that will regulate the grievance redress process. It will comprise of, ESS and CSDS, Design Engineers and other representatives of Secretary HUD-PHED office.
7.8.10. Procedures The tracking and documenting of grievance resolutions will include the following elements:
i. Tracking complainant(s) from GRC-District that are may not be resolved at district level; ii. Dedicated staff to update the database routinely; iii. Promote transparency, publicize how complaints are being handled, and periodically evaluate the overall functioning of the mechanism; iv. Processes for informing stakeholders about the status of a case; and v. Procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes, including the periodic reports form vi. ESFPS and document into the monthly ESMP Compliance monitoring report to the World Bank.
Grievance Focal Persons will be trained to address grievances on the spot to discourage lengthy procedures and inconvenience to the local community. However, where the case cannot be dealt with by GFPs on an ad-hoc basis, GFPs will use smart phones to lodge and communicate those complaints at the district and directorate levels. The Grievance Redress Committee at the district level will review and identify actions to be taken to address the complaints at its weekly meeting. Also Public Complaints Center (PCC), which will be responsible to receive, log, and resolve complaints in local VOs offices. If not satisfactorily resolved by the Grievance Redress Committee-District, the grievance will be referred to consideration by GRC at the PMU level within one week. Every effort will be made to address or resolve grievances within the following fixed time- lines, which will be an indicator against the performance of the handling system. Acknowledgement of a written submission will be issued to the complainant within three working days. If the complainant is not satisfied, the complaint will have the option to seek redress through court of law.
7.9. ESMF IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET The cost estimates to implement ESMF is estimated as 14,623,000/- details are provided in below Table 7.10. This cost will be included in the overall project cost. Additional costs could be included in the sub-project specific ESMPs.
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Sr.# Activity Description Year 1(PKR) Year 2(PKR) Year 3(PKR) Year 4(PKR) Notes 1. Mitigation Measures as per Provision of PPEs for Toilet 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 For each school site, 2 ESMPs construction in Schools workers will be utilized, so
(it will be the part of 62,500 62,500 62,500 62,500 2 x 25 schools =50 Provision of PPEs for BOQ of Contractor) PPE each sets = Rs.2000 Construction of PPEs Sewerage/Drainage System 62,500 62,500 62,500 62,500 For each school site, 5 Provision of PPEs for workers will be utilized, so Construction of Oxidation 5 x 25 schools =125 Ponds 62,500 62,500 62,500 62,500 PPE each sets = Rs.2000
Provision of PPEs for For each school site, 5 construction of Paved Roads/ workers will be utilized, so Soling’s 5 x 25 schools =125 PPE each sets = Rs.2000
For each school site, 5 workers will be utilized, so 5 x 25 schools =125 PPE each sets = Rs.2000 Barricades Barricade for school toilet 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 For each school site, 1 construction site barricade will be used so 1 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 x 25 schools =25 1 = Barricade for Construction of Rs.1000 Sewerage /Drainage System For each site, 1 barricade Barricade for Construction of 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 will be used so 1 x 25 Oxidation Ponds schools =25 1= Rs.1000 For each school site, 1
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barricade will be used so 1 x 25 schools =25 1 = Rs.1000
Temporary refuse For schools 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 For each school site, 1 bins refuse bin will be used so For Sewerage system 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 1 x 25 schools =25 1 construction site refuse bin = Rs.1000
For oxidation pond 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 For each site, 1 refuse bin construction site 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 will be used so 1 x 25 schools =25 For roads construction site 1 = Rs.1000 For each school site, 1 refuse bin will be used so 1 x 25 schools =25 1 = Rs.1000 First Aid Box For schools 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 For each school site, 1 first aid box will be used so 1 x For Sewerage system 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 25 schools =25 1 = construction site Rs.1000
6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 For oxidation pond construction site 6,250 6,250 6,250 6,250 For each site, 1 first aid box will be used so 1 x 25 For roads construction site schools =25 1= Rs.1000 For each school site, 1 first aid box will be used so 1 x 25 schools =25 1 =
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Rs.1000 2. Training/Awareness Environmental and Social 220,000 100,000 50,000 - Quarterly, 1-day workshop Raising /Capacity Awareness for @ Rs.20,000 per workshop Development Communities/VOs 900,000 300,000 300,000 100,000 in 20 villages of 11 Program districts Inc. TA/DA of ESSS Environmental and Social & SCDS 5000/Night .Also Safeguards /ESMF Compliance includes Biannual and Trainings for ESFPs 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 Annual Reviews and meetings
Monthly, 2-day workshop OHS Guidelines Trainings @PMU @ Rs.75,000 per workshop Inc. TA/DA of 11 ESFPs@3000/night=66,000
Biannually,2-day workshop @ Rs.25,000 per workshop Inc. TA/DA of ESSS & SCDS 5000/Night 3. Reporting Environmental and social 220,000 220,000 220,000 - 2 days site visit in 11 internal monitoring districts Inc. TA/DA of 220,000 220,000 220,000 - ESSS&CSDS @5000/Night Progress Reports, Training 2 days site visit during Reports, Annual Reviews, Project Completion Report execution in 11 districts 50,000 50,000 50,000 100,000 Inc. TA/DA of ESSS&CSDS @5000/Night
Per Report @ Rs. 5,000 4. Third Party Hiring of Individual 1,500,000 1,600,000 1,700,000 1,800,000 Hire for one year to prep Validation Consultants quarterly TPV Reports /consultancy firm
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5. EIA Report For preparation of One 1,500,000 Hired before the execution Preparation and integrated report of project, of project including NOC Approval from EPA individual Fee to be submitted to consultant/consultancy firm Punjab EPA @30,000 will be hired 6. Staff Procurement One Capacity/Social 200,000 220,000 242,000 266,000 One ESSS and one ESDS Development Specialist will be hired for 4 years @ One Environment Safeguards 200,000 220,000 242,000 266,000 200,000 each with 10% Specialist annual increment Total 5,143,250 3,261,250 3,355,250 2,863,250 14,623,000/-
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CHAPTER 8- RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK
This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared under PSNIP where land may be acquired for small-scale interventions if land will be needed that cannot be acquired through VLD procedures.
8.1. VOLUNTARY LAND DONATION PSNIP exacting agency i.e. Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) will completely avoid private land acquisition (other than land donation as per the Procedures established in Section 6.5 of this ESMF) by the community. Whenever there is additional land requirement (temporary or permanent) other than community donation, the PMU will follow the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
8.2. PURPOSE OF RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK The purpose of this RPF is to provide policy and legal framework and procedures to mitigate unavoidable resettlement impacts. These procedures are in conformity to the World Bank OP/PB 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, as well as the applicable laws and regulations of Government of Punjab.
8.3. WORLD BANK RESETTLEMENT POLICY The WB’s experience indicates that involuntary resettlement under development projects, if unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social, and environmental risks: people face impoverishment when their productive assets or income sources are lost; people are relocated to environments where their productive skills may be less applicable and the competition for resources greater; community institutions and social networks are weakened; kin groups are dispersed; and cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for mutual help are diminished or lost. The WB OP 4.12 provides safeguards to address and mitigate these impoverishments risks. The overall objectives of the Policy are:
The policy guidelines for resettlement process for the Project are principally derived from the World Bank OP 4.12, “Involuntary Resettlement” and local “Land Acquisition Act, 1894”. Summary of general policy guidelines, which are being adopted for the PSNIP, is as follows:
Involuntary resettlement is to be dealt with from the earliest stages of the Project preparation. Involuntary resettlement should be avoided or minimized wherever feasible; exploring all viable alternate Project designs. Where unavoidable, resettlement plans should be conceived, developed and executed as development programs, with resettled people provided sufficient investment resources and opportunities to share in the Project benefits. Persons to be displaced should have their former living standards and income earning capacity improved, or at least restored, and should be provided adequate support during the transition period.
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Community participation in the planning and implementation of resettlement should be encouraged and facilitated. The compensation process should be fully transparent. Given the complexity of resettlement in development projects, the concerned Government Agencies and Departments should upgrade their institutional capacity to design and implement Resettlement Action Plans. The key principles of World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Policy are:
The need to screen the project early on in the planning stage; Carry out meaningful consultation; At the minimum restore livelihood levels to what (Project Affected Persons) PAPs were before the project, improve the livelihoods of affected vulnerable groups; prompt compensation at full replacement cost is to be paid; Ensure that PAPs who have no statutory rights to the land that they are working, are eligible for resettlement assistance and compensation for the loss of land or assets; and Disclose all reports. Scope and Triggers: OP 4.12 is NOT triggered for the Project as a whole because there is no large scale land acquisition. The RPF will only apply to interventions where land may be acquired for small-scale interventions that cannot be acquired through VLD procedures.
8.4. RESETTLEMENT PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS
Identify possibility of land acquisition and resettlement during screening of sub-projects; Minimize resettlement through relocation of the sub-project site, where possible; Acquire land through Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) process (format of donation of land is given in annexure M) If resettlement is unavoidable, prepare a resettlement action plan (rap) in line with world bank op 4.12; Undertake meaningful consultation with project affected persons (PAPs); Ensure PAPs are clearly identified including those with no formal rights; Restore their livelihood; Pay compensation in time before land is acquired, and; Disclose all relevant information.
8.5. CRITERIA FOR ELIGIBILITY OF PAPS The criteria for eligibility of Potential Affected Person (PAPs)/Potential Affected Households (PAHs) in accordance with the World Bank OP 4.12 are:
Those who have formal legal rights to land (including customary and traditional rights recognized under the laws of the country);
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Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the paps identification process(census) begins but have a claim to such land or assets--provided that such claims are recognized under the laws of the country or become recognized through a process identified in the resettlement plan; and; Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying. All of the above categories of the PAPs will be eligible for compensation under the RAPs.
8.6. COMPENSATION ELIGIBILITY AND ENTITLEMENTS FOR AFFECTED PERSONS
8.6.1. Eligibility Criteria The project-affected persons, including displaced persons, eligible for compensation or rehabilitation provisions under PSNIP are:
(i) All land owning displaced persons losing land or non-land assets, i.e., crops and trees whether covered by legal title or traditional land rights, whether for temporary or permanent acquisition. (ii) Tenants and share-croppers, whether registered or not; for all non-land assets, based on prevailing tenancy arrangements. (iii) Displaced persons losing the use of structures and utilities, including titled and non-titled owners, registered, unregistered, tenants and lease holders plus encroachers and squatters. (iv) Displaced persons losing business, income and salaries of workers, or a person or business suffering temporary effects, such as disturbance to land, crops, and business operations both permanently and also temporarily during commencement. (v) Loss of communal property, lands and public infrastructure. (vi) Vulnerable PAPs identified through the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) at screening stage. (vii) The affected persons will be eligible for rehabilitation subsidies and for the compensation of lost land, structures and utilities along with re-establishment of livelihood. (viii) There will also be special provisions for vulnerable displaced persons i.e. very old, physically or mentally handicapped, poor below the poverty line, widows, and women headed household, and socially isolated. The following entitlements are applicable for displaced persons losing land, houses and incurring income losses. Compensation and rehabilitation entitlements are summarized in the Entitlement Matrix in table below:
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Table 8.1: Entitlement Matrix
Affected Asset Specification Compensation Entitlements People Permanent land The landowner Landowner Full compensation for land to be acquired acquisition will have a title accordance to the latest market rate( through to the land. Punjab Land Revenue Department) Compensation will be at replacementcost38WITHOUT any deductions on depreciation Arable Land Access is not Farmer/Titleho Monthly Rent is accordance to the latest Temporary land restricted and lder market rate; use during existing or Compensation, in cash, for all damaged crops project current land and trees as per item below plus 15% commencement use will remain compulsory acquisition surcharge unchanged Leaseholder Monthly Rent is accordance to the latest (registered or market rate; not) Compensation, in cash, for all damaged crops and trees as per item below Sharecroppers Monthly Rent is accordance to the latest (registered or market rate; not) Compensation, in cash or kind, for all damaged crops and trees as per item below Agricultural Compensation, in cash or kind, for all workers damaged crops and trees as per item below Squatters Compensation, in cash, for all damaged crops and trees as per item below Arable Land All adverse Land for land compensation with plots of where access is effects on land Farmer/Titleho equal value and productivity to the plots lost; restricted and/or use lder or; land use will be independent Cash compensation for affected land at affected of severity of replacement cost68 based on market value impact free of taxes, registration, and transfer costs
68Description of “replacement cost” is as follows. Land Agricultural Land The pre-project or pre-displacement, whichever is higher, market value of land of equal productive potential or use located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the cost of preparing the land to levels similar to those of the affected land, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes. Structure Houses and Other The market cost of the materials to build a replacement structure with an area and quality similar or Structures better than those of the affected structure, or to repair a partially affected structure, plus the cost of transporting building materials to the construction site, plus the cost of any labor and contractors’ fees, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes.
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Leaseholder Renewal of lease in other plots of equal (registered or value/productivity of plots lost, or Cash not) equivalent to market value of gross yield of affected land for the remaining lease years (up to a maximum of 3 years). Sharecroppers Cash compensation equal to the market value (registered or of the lost harvest share once (temporary not) impact) or twice (permanent impact) Agricultural Cash indemnity corresponding to their salary workers losing (including portions in kind) for the remaining their contract part of the agricultural year. Squatters 1 rehabilitation allowance equal to market value of 1 gross harvest (in addition to crop compensation) for land use loss. Additional Farmer/Titleho 1 severe impact allowance equal to market provisions for lder value of gross harvest of the affected land for severe impacts Leaseholder 1 year (inclusive of winter and summer crop (More than and additional to standard crop 10% of land compensation) loss) Sharecroppers 1 severe impact allowance equal to market (registered or value of share of harvest lost (additional to not) standard crop compensation) Squatters 1 severe impact allowance equal to market value of gross harvest of the affected land for 1 year (inclusive of winter and summer crop and additional to standard crop compensation) All relevant Cash compensation at replacement rates for Houses and APs affected structure and other fixed assets free Structures (including of salvageable materials, depreciation and squatters) transaction costs. In case of partial impacts full cash assistance to restore remaining structure. Crops Crops affected All APs Crop compensation in cash at full market rate (including for one harvest (either winter or summer). squatters All other crop losses will be compensated at market rates based on actual losses. Trees Trees affected All APs Where trees are cut down, the rate for wood (including and loss of income from tree products e.g. squatters) fruit will be provided.
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Cash compensation shall reflect income replacement Ruminants/ Sheds All PAPs Cash compensation at replacement cost for Livestock Sheds affected (including affected structure and other fixed assets free squatters and of salvageable materials, depreciation and encroaches) transaction costs. In case of partial impacts full cash assistance to restore remaining structure. No compensation for land will be provided if land is not acquired. Business Temporary or All PAPs Business owner: (I) Cash compensation equal Employment permanent including to one year income, if loss is permanent loss of squatters and based on type of business; (ii) cash business or encroachers compensation for the period of business employment interruption, if loss is temporary. Worker/employees: Indemnity for lost wages for the period of business interruption up to a maximum of 3 months. Temporary workers e.g. Hawkers/street vendors: Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income, or the relocation allowance, whichever is higher. Relocation assistance (costs of shifting) Assistance to obtain alternative site to re- establish the business Relocation Transport and All PAPs Provision of allowance to cover transport transitional affected by expenses based on the latest transportation livelihood relocation rates and livelihood expenses (based on type costs and nature of livelihood) for one month. Community Any Rehabilitation/substitution of the affected assets community structures/utilities (i.e. mosques, footbridges, structures will roads, schools, health centers, etc.) be rebuilt at a community- agreed location Vulnerable AP Subsistence grants to displace, poor livelihood /vulnerable families like (I) female headed households with dependents, (ii) disabled household heads, (iii) households falling under the generally accepted indicator for poverty, and (IV) ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples.
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Subsistence grants will be equal to official Minimum Wage per month for the fiscal year per earning member in the household. Additionally, those with no earning members will be compensated according to the Official Poverty Line per person per month. Unforeseen / Any unanticipated consequence of the project unanticipated will be documented and mitigated based on impacts the spirit of the principles agreed upon in this policy framework.
8.7. CUT-OFF DATE The cut-off date shall be set to prevent false claims for compensation or rehabilitation appearing after disclosure of the resettlement action plan. Compensation eligibility for non-land losses will be limited by a cut-off date for each subproject on the day of the beginning of the census survey for the impact assessment in order to avoid an influx of outsiders. The cut-off date will be announced through local means of communication including face-to-face communication with communities. Any persons who would settle/or build assets on encroached lands in the affected areas after the cut-off date will not be eligible for compensation.
8.8. VALUATION AND REPLACEMENT OF ASSETS The following methodology will be adopted for assessing unit compensation rates:
Land will be valued at replacement cost based on current market values by carrying out a survey of transactions. Rent for temporary use of land will be fixed as per prevailing market rate in agreement of affected person. Houses, buildings and other structures will be valued at replacement cost plus labor cost based on the area, type and material of the affected item. No deductions will be made for depreciation, salvageable materials or transaction costs and taxes Rates for building structures will be evaluated by the Works and Services Department where relevant using the latest/current Composite Schedule Rates that are regularly published by the Works and Services Department, Government of Punjab. Crops will be valued at current market rates of gross value of harvest as valued by the Punjab Agricultural Department. The loss of fruit and non-fruit bearing trees will be compensated for based on their type, productive age and the market value of the produce for the remaining period of its average life. The value of younger fruit trees will be based on the expenditure made to bring the tree to its current state. This will be assessed by the Punjab Horticultural Authority. The value of trees that would have been used for timber will be calculated based on the average volume and quality of wood produced and taking into consideration the size classes as
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determined by girth, diameter at breast, height and volume as assessed by the Punjab Forest Department.
8.9. RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) PREPARATION The RAP preparation activities will be initiated as part of the preparation of each new sub-project involving resettlement impacts. The procedures will be to take the land requirements for each proposed sub-project and carry out a measurement survey and enumeration (Generic RAP is given in Annexure E- 2). The Capacity & Social Development Specialist (CSDS) will be overall responsible for RPF implementation and follow the procedures as described in ESMF. In this regard, PD PMU will also need to hire an individual consultant-Land Acquisition/Resettlement for short term to provide technical insight in the overall procedures. CSDS be responsible to acquire map of the land from the Punjab Land Revenue Department and overlay sub-project site requirements with clear demarcation of government and private land, and also carryout demarcation on the ground in the presence of local community representatives and VOs,IPs and ESFPs in a transparent manner to avoid any confusion. The appraisal will entail the following studies and investigations:
Socioeconomic Survey: A socio-economic survey will be carried out to provide a detailed socio- economic profile of the population in the sub-project areas. The information gathered will include but not be restricted to the following aspects: Household composition; Demography and ethnicity; Health and education; Community assets; Livelihood patterns and income baseline; Land ownership patterns; Affected persons income levels and expenditure patterns; Affected persons views on the subproject and various resettlement and rehabilitation options; Specific impacts on the poor, women and other vulnerable groups. Census Survey: A census of all people/households to be displaced or resettled will be undertaken based on the categorizations in the entitlement matrix. The Census will determine the exact number of PAHs/PAPs and how they will be affected by the specific impacts of a subproject. The Census will also identify all severely and vulnerable PAHs. Social Impact Assessment and Inventory: This task will be based on a Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS) which identifies the nature and magnitude of loss. The survey will include all losses including encroached land (residential and agricultural), immovable structures, communal, public and cultural/religious facilities, crops, trees and business incomes and wages. The impact assessment will also include a survey of compensation rates as detailed above and also the incomes of the PAHs. Mitigation of Impacts: The project will endeavor to avoid resettlement by changing the sub-project site locations. If unavoidable, a RAP or Abbreviated RAP shall be prepared in line with this RPF, World Bank OP 4.12 and LAA (1894) and will cover all resettlement related impacts. The ARAP/RAP shall be
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implemented and monitored by the project proponent (PHED) before contractor mobilization or physical works commencement. Gender Impacts, Social Inclusion and Mitigation Measures: RAP will include measures ensuring that the socio-economic needs and priorities of women are identified, addressed and mitigated. The following gender provisions will be incorporated to safeguard the specific needs and problems of women displaced persons during subproject implementation. The socio-economic data gathered will be gender- disaggregated. Female staff will be hired to collect data and assist women in resettlement activities. Female household heads will be registered as the recipients of compensation and rehabilitation measures due to their households. Women will be included in the consultation process through meetings held with women and will be encouraged to participate in the RAP planning and implementation process. RAP Preparation. All RAPs will be based on the provision outlined in this RPF. The RAPs may need to be updated to take into account changes in the final site locations. If needed, the RAPs should be updated (I) on finalization of sub-project site location but prior to the mobilization in the field and (ii) during the subproject operations (imparting training packages) where changes result in changes to the resettlement impacts. RAP Approval. Land will not be possessed until all RAPs are approved by the World Bank, payments made, replacement land found, replacement structures provided and displaced persons relocated. All RAPs/ARAPs are subject to final review and approval by the World Bank in order to ensure compliance with Bank safeguards. At its sole discretion the World Bank may delegate through the Government to the PHED or any other Government entity this responsibility to ensure compliance with the provisions in this RPF after it is satisfied that effective monitoring of this process is in place.
8.10. CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND DISCLOSURE/ ACCESS TO INFORMATION
8.10.1. Stakeholder Consultation At first stage, consultations with potential affected persons and beneficiaries will be carried out including communities, potential affected, district governments and provincial line departments, and further consultations will be carried out particularly with affected persons and other key stakeholders during preparation and implementation of Rasps mentioned in this RPF. The timing and nature of these consultations will vary depending upon the implementation program. Stakeholders will be identified through the initial social impact assessment for subprojects.
Table below describes the proposed consultation framework for RPF at different phases of project.
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Table 8.2: Consultation Framework for RPF
RPF Stages Stakeholders Consultation Tools Responsibility Institutional Stakeholders: Scoping Meeting with Institutional RFP relevant provincial and Stakeholders to deliberate on the Consultant/CSDS local government planned project interventions and
departments, academia, potential risks regarding land
bonafide development acquisition and resettlement agencies, NGOs and subject experts in WASH)
Selected Local Focus Group Discussions in all RFP Project Design Project Communities o notables districts with Community Consultant/CSDS and from Low-Income Representatives on potential risks backgrounds (including regarding land acquisition and women) resettlement
Institutional Stakeholders Scoping Meetings at PMU level Project incuding implementation and district level Coordinator, CSDS partners: Commissioner Office of relevant sub-
project-area, Punjab Land
Revenue Department, Patwari, Land Acquisition Collector
Affected Persons Focus group discussions and CSDS/ESFPs (determining
Project Inception Project informed consultation meetings Provision of information
dissemination brouchures compensation entitlements, eligibility criteria) eligibility entitlements, compensation
Affected Persons Focus group discussions and VOs/IPs
informed consultation meetings
Provision of information dissemination brouchures Institutional Stakeholders Scoping Meetings at PMU level and Project incuding implementation district level Coordinator,CSDS
partners: Commissioner implementation Office, Revenue
department of GOS, Project Project delivery ofcompensation) delivery Patwari, Land Acquisition
income restoration measures and and measures restoration income Collector (land and asset acquisition process, process, acquisition asset and (land
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8.10.2. Information Disclosure Plan The executive summary of this RPF, after its clearance from the World Bank, as well as sub-project RAPs will be translated into Urdu/Punjabi and Saraiki and disclosed to the public through websites of the HUD-PHED, the World Bank Info Shop and shared with institutional stakeholders, APs and beneficiary communities.
Before the socio-economic baseline surveys are mobilized, the Dwell need to have developed a workable strategy for public consultation and information disclosure, the CSDS of PSNIP will take lead in assuming this responsibility. During the census and DMS, each affected household will be directly informed about the subproject entitlements and procedures.
The consultation process will need to outline the legal procedures that are to be followed for land acquisition and relocation. The details of the process will have to be clearly communicated to any displaced/affected people and in a form that can be easily understood. The information given should also include the provisions of the OP 4.12 principles and outline the rights and obligations of PAPs.
8.11. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM A Resettlement Unit will be established under PMU. The PD–PMU will have the overall responsibility for implementation of all resettlement tasks. The PMU will be assisted by CSDS for implementation of RAPs. The CSDS under PD will oversee and direct all the activities during the implementation of RAPs. ESFPs at the district level will be responsible for implementing the RAP according to the agreed principles and procedures.
The Executive District Officer of Revenue Department, along with his staff, will be responsible for the acquisition of private land under Land Acquisition Act 1894 of Pakistan. The ESFPs will be responsible for coordination with the Revenue Department.
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Project Director-PMU
RPF Consultant Capacity & Social District Executive Officer Development Specialist (Revenue)
Land Acquisition Collector ESFPs at District level
Tehsildar
Naib Tehsildar
Girdawer(s) (Land Inspector)
Qanungo Patwari(s)(Land Clerk/Enumerator) (Assistant, Land Records)
Fig. 8.1: Institutional Organization of Resettlement Unit (RU) Table 8.3: LAR Process Step Action Responsibility Monitoring 1 Initial screening indicating for a specific CSDS with the assistance of PD subproject whether LAR is needed. ESFPs 2 Proposal to Revenue Department with Brief CSDS PD Description of subproject including LAR. 3 Prepare impacts/AP surveys forms and establish ESFPs with the assistance of coordination with relevant local government CSDS/IPs and VOs agencies. 4 Verify land records in affected areas, conduct LAC, Patwari, ESFPs DMS and carry out impacts and valuation surveys, identify land classification for affected PD and head areas DMU 5 Conduct public consultations and negotiations ESFPs, IPs and VOs 6 Preparation and Finalization of sub-project CSDS with technical support RAPs/ARAPs of consultant 7 RAPs/ARAPs disclosure to APs CSDS,IPs and VOs 8 Compensation Disbursement LAC/CSDS/ESFPs, IPs 9 Relocation CSDS ,ESFPs, VOs
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8.12. RESETTLEMENT BUDGET AND FINANCING All RAP preparation and implementation costs, including cost of compensation, various eligible allowances, monitoring, evaluation, grievances redress, as well as contingencies, will be estimated and included as an integral part of each subproject cost. RAPs of each subproject will include a budget section indicating (I) unit compensation rates for all affected items and allowances, (ii) methodology followed for the computation of unit compensation rates, and (iii) a cost table for all compensation expenses including administrative costs and contingencies.
Financing for each subproject specific RAP cost, including compensation, allowances, and administration of RAP preparation and implementation, will be provided by the Government of Punjab as counterpart funds. Costs for external monitoring tasks can be allocated under the loan. In order to ensure that sufficient funds are available for RAP tasks, the local governments will have to allocate 100% of the cost of compensation at replacement cost and expected allowances estimated in each RAP plus 5% of contingencies before RAP implementation.
Allocations will be reviewed twice a year based on the budget requirements indicated in RAPs. Regarding the flow of RAP finances, it is noted that the budget for land, crops, trees, structures compensation will be disbursed by Punjab Land Revenue Department through the ESFPs and he will be responsible to disburse the compensation to the PAPs with assistance from the field offices. A timetable will be set within RAP and the compensation will be done before award of contract, commencement of the physical works or acquiring the land.
8.13. MONITORING AND REPORTING RAP tasks under each sub-project will be subjected to both internal and external monitoring. Internal monitoring will be conducted by the CSDS, assisted by the ESFPs. External monitoring will be assigned to Independent Environmental and Social Monitoring Consultant (IESMC) to be hired by PMU, and approved by WB. The IESMC will be chosen among local consultants.
8.13.1. Internal Monitoring Internal monitoring will be carried out routinely by the ESFPs at the district level their results will be communicated to concerned Affected People, CSDS and to WB through the quarterly project implementation reports. The monthly reports will be quarterly consolidated in the standard supervision reports to WB. Specific monitoring benchmarks will be:
Information campaign and consultation with PAPs; Status of land acquisition and payments on land compensation; Compensation for affected structures and other assets; Payments for loss of income; Selection and distribution of replacement land areas; and Income restoration activities People’s views and feedback on RAP implementation process
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Other relevant aspects
8.13.2. External Monitoring External monitoring will be carried out twice a year, and its results will be communicated to all concerned PAPs, PMU and WB through semi-annual reports. Subprojects whose implementation time- frame will be under 6 months will be monitored only once. Indicators for External Monitoring tasks include:
Review and verify internal monitoring reports prepared by ESFPs and its field offices; Review of the socio-economic baseline census information of pre-displaced persons; Identification and selection of impact indicators; Impact assessment through formal and informal surveys with the affected persons; Consultation with PAPs, officials, community leaders for preparing review report; and Assess the resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing lessons for future resettlement policy formulation and planning. The IESMC will also assess the status of project affected vulnerable groups such as female-headed households, disabled/elderly and families below the poverty line. The IESMC will carry out a post- implementation evaluation of the RAP after completion of its implementation. The compelling reason for this study is to find out if the objectives of the RAPs have been attained or not. The benchmark data of socioeconomic survey of severely affected PAPs conducted during the preparation of the RAPs will be used to compare the pre and post project conditions. The IESMC will recommend appropriate supplemental assistance for the PAPs should the outcome of the study show that the objectives of the RAPs have not been attained.
8.14. GRIEVANCES REDRESS MECHANISM The key objectives of the Grievance Redress Mechanisms are to establish procedures for filing any grievances and disputes on social safeguards and other entitlement issues arising out of the implementation of the project. It outlines the modalities and mechanisms for resolution of grievances within a defined timeline.
Affected persons may disputes over entitlement processes due to issues associated with – for example, (I) lack of land record systems in selected districts; (ii) titles over communal lands; (iii) Delay in payment for permanent land acquisition, (iv)delay in payment of compensation to APs.
The GRC will deal with grievances and disputes to resolve such cases locally to facilitate smooth implementation of the social and environmental action plans. As a result, the GRC system will make the project accountable to the local people. Further, it will also democratize the development processes at the local level.
The GRC will have to ensure accessibility, fairness and independence of the procedures. The GRC will be built on a “bottom up” system that would include: (I) Village-level GRC, (ii) Union Council level GRC, (iii) District-level GRC and (iii) Project-level GRC. First, GRC at the village level consisting of local
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representatives of the Affected People and maliks of village elders, project staff, and local government representatives and will receive cases and resolve locally within a defined timeline. Cases which are not satisfactorily resolved or affected persons have still grievances will be forwarded to the Union Council GRC for disposal. The District level GRC with review cases unresolved at the UC Level GRC. Finally, an independent GRC headed by a retired civil judge will review cases sent to the project level GRC.
The PMU will serve as the secretariat for the Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC-PMU) that will be responsible for providing oversight on the entire GRM process at a strategic level and monitoring of complaints management.
The committee is responsible for the facilitation of resolution of disputes and grievances which may arise during the implementation. The committee shall be formed of the following members:
Table 8.5: Grievance Redress Committee (GRC-PMU)
Representative Members Secretary PHED Chairman Project Director, CSDS, Project Coordinator Member Land Acquisition Collector Member ESFPs Member Grievance Focal Points (GFPs) Member Patwari(s) Member PCC Officer Member Grievance Focal Points (GFPs) Member
The GRM will be accessible to APs. Culturally-appropriate communication mechanisms will be used at all sub-project sites both to spread awareness regarding the GRM process as well as complaints management.
It is proposed to establish the following prior to commencing LAR implementation activities:
Grievance Focal Points (GFPs), which will be the ambassador of change and educated people from APs on each sub-project site. Two GFPs (1 male and 1 female) will be selected from APs; A Public Complaints Center (PCC) at VOs Office, which will be responsible to receive, log, and resolve complaints; A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC-District) at DMU which will be established for each district that will manage GRM aspects for all sub-project locations in each district including decisions to be taken, actions and monitoring of complaints resolution at sub-project level. The ESFPs will play an instrumental role in steering the GRC functions at the district levels; A Grievance Redress Committee (GRC-PMU), responsible to oversee the overall function of the GRM at a strategic level including monthly review.
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8.14.1. Procedures GFPs will be trained to address grievances on the spot to discourage lengthy procedures and inconvenience to the APs. However, where the case cannot be dealt with by GFPs on an ad-hoc basis, GFPs will use smart phones to lodge and communicate those complaints at the district and PMU levels. The Grievance Redress Committee at the district level will review and identify actions to be taken to address the complaints at its weekly meeting. Also Public Complaints Center (PCC), which will be responsible to receive, log, and resolve complaints via its number(s) disseminated to community. If not satisfactorily resolved by the Grievance Redress Committee-District, the grievance will be referred to consideration by GRC at the PMU level within one week. Every effort will be made to address or resolve grievances within the following fixed time-lines, which will be an indicator against the performance of the handling system. Acknowledgement of a written submission will be issued to the complainant within three working days. If the complainant is not satisfied, the complaint will have the option to seek redress through court of law.
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ANNEXURES
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Annexures
ANEXURE A: CHECKLIST USED FOR SAMPLE BASED SURVEY IN 25 VILLAGES OF PROJECT DISTRICTS SURVEY FORM FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO ECONOMIC BASELINE DATA COLLECTION FOR PUNJAB SANITATION AND NUTRITION IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (PSNIP)
Date of Interview: (DD MM YY)
A. AREA DETAILS
1. Name of Division: ______Name of District: ______
2. Name of Tehsil ______Name of Village: ______
B. RESPONDENT PROFILE
3. Name : ______Gender: MaleFemale
4. Level of Education Illiterate Primary
Middle Matric
5. Age
6. Average Monthly income:
C. DEMOGRAPHIC & SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OF VILLAGE
7. Estimated Population: ______Caste: ______
8. Language: ______Religion: ______
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___
9. Average Households Size ______Males(inc. Children ___ Females(inc. children
10. Average level of education IlliterateYes Educatedyes
11. Average monthly income
12. Sources of income/Professions
13. Conditions of Roads Road network present Not present
Paved Unpaved
14. Structure of houses kacha Semi pacca Pacca
15. Status of basic/social Electricity Gas Water amenities School/college Dispensary/Health Unit Solid waste etc. Management
16. Other sources of Energy
17. Presence of cultural heritage/ archeologically important sites(if any)
D. VILLAGE ORGANIZATIONS(VOs)
18. Presence of Vos Yes No
If yes, what are their functions?
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19. How Effectively are they working?
20. Presence of other NGOs Yes No
If yes, Name and Functions
E. SANITATION CONDITIONS
21. Open Defecation Yes No 22. 23. Presence of Toilets Yes No
If yes, inside houses or community toilets
24. Structure of Toilets Kacha Pacca
25. Flush System Yes No
Present condition of toilet(hygienically)
26. Availability of water for sanitation
27. Waste water Drainage conditions
F. ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF VILLAGE
28. Overall Environmental Status Green /Agriculture Fields Dry/Barren 29. Presence of Environmental hotspots in Yes No the area If yes, type of hotspots: Park Wetland Game Reserve Fish Hatchery Wildlife sanctuary Other
30. Common flora and fauna
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31. Common Climatology of the area
32. Sources of Drinking Water 33. Quality of drinking water 34. Uses of waste water(if any) 35. Prevailing common Diseases 36. Solid waste management system
______
Signature of Community Development Officer-HUD- Signature of Interviewer PHED Date: ______
Contact No. ______
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ANNEXURE B1: COMMON FLORA AND FAUNA IN SOUTH PUNJAB Common Flora in Project Districts of South Punjab
Local Name Scientific Name Uses
Trees Peepal Ficusreligiosa Keekar Acacia nilotica Bark is astringent and used in diarrhea. Gum and immature pods are useful in sexual impotency and leucorrhoea. Bark decoction are recommended in toothache and swollen gums. Powder of ash is used as tooth powder. Shetoot MorusNigra Used for treatment of kidney disorders, fatigue, anemia and premature hair graying. Berry Melia azedarach Sheesham Dalbergiasisso The plant is used in treatment of leprosy, jaundice, gonorrhea and syphilis etc. Dates Phoenix dactylifera
Safeda Eucalyptus The buds of Safeda are antiscorbutic, antiseptic, citriodora balsamic, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, salve, stimulant, tonic and vulnerary. They are taken internally in the treatment of bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infections, stomach and kidney disorders Dhrek Melia azedarach Common Fauna in Project Districts of South Punjab
# Local Name Scientific Name
Jackal Canis Aureus Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi
Jungle Cat Felis chaus
Civet Cat Civettictis civetta Spiny Anteater Tachyglossidae
Desert Cat Felis margarita
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Wild Hare Lepus nigricollis
Hog Deer Axis porcinus Asiatic Jackal Carnus aureus Indian /Bengal Fox Vulpes bengalensis Chinkara Gazella bennettii House Mouse Mus musculus Indian Wild Boar Sus scrofa Indus Dolphin Platanista gangetica Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus Indian crested porcupine Hystrix cristatus Avifauna Houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulata Black Partridge Melanoperdix niger
Grey Partridge Perdix perdix
Pea Fowl Pavo cristatus
Endangered Species
Mugger Crocodile Crocodylus palustris Beaked Sea Snake Enhydrina schistosa Pangolin Manis crassicaudata Honey Badger Mellivora capensis Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Jungle Cat Felis chaus Civet Cat Civettictis civetta Spiny Anteater Tachyglossidae Desert Cat Felis margarita Wild Hare Lepus nigricollis
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ANNEXURE B2: COMMON FLORA AND FAUNA IN SOUTH PUNJAB Table 1: Bahawalpur Forest District
Serial # Name of Sub Division/Range Name of Forest Total Area/Acres 1 Bahawalpur Range Shahi Wala 2979 Total 2979
Table2: Dera Ghazi Khan Forest District69
Serial # Name of Sub Division/Range Name of Forest Total Area/Acres 1 Taunsa Range Rind Wala 1010 2 Triman 4639 Total 5649
Table 3: Muzaffargarh Forest District70
Serial # Name of Sub Division/Range Name of Forest Total Area/Acres
1 Muzaffargarh Sub Division Sarian 5070
2 Bait Qaim Shah 1278
3 Serwani 1509
4 Ghazi Ghat Sub Division Ghazi Ghat 2106 5 Ahmad Mohana 2370
6 Sohni 696
7 Eason Wala 7072
8 Jatoi Range Bakaini 1998
9 Bait Mir Hazar 3614
10 Cheena Malana 4180
11 Khanpur Range Khanpur 31555
12 Ali Wali 4629
13 Latti 715
69 .http://spfc.org.pk/project areas/dg-khan.php 70 .http://spfc.org.pk/project areas/muzaffargarh.php Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.207
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14 Eastern Ghirri 690 15 Middle Ghirri 337
16 Khannani 720
17 Bait Dewan 3164
18 Dhaka I & II 2302
19 Khairpur Para I, II & III 1014
20 Baqir Shah 2341
21 Mohib Shah 628
22 Damber Wala 2612
Total 80600
Table 4: Rahim Yar Khan Forest District71
Serial # Name of Sub Division/Range Name of Forest Total Area 1 Abbasia Sub Divsion Abbasia 6749 2 Walhar Range Walhar 4632
3 Q. Wala --- 5763
4 Rahim Yar Khan IL / Abbasia 8400
5 IL / IL Abbasia 5212 Total 30756
Table 5: Rajanpur Forest District72
Serial # Name of Sub Division/Range Name of Forest Total Area 1 Rajanpur Sub Division Noor pur (West) 296 2 Jampur Range Rakh Noshra 91 3 Rakh Khanwah 1827 4 Kotla Sher Muhammad 2941 5 Bait Bagh Shah 2127
71. HTTP://SPFC.ORG.PK/PROJECT_AREAS/RY-KHAN.PHP 72 .http://spfc.org.pk/project areas/rajanpur.php
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6 Thul Menghraj 3084 7 Rakh Azmat Wala 2034 8 Registan Shumali 3180 9 Registan Pachadi Total 15580
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ANNEXURE C: ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING CHECKLIST The below checklist used is largely subjective, and may be overruled by site specific considerations. (Description in red is for guidance and may be deleted before using the checklist)
Name of Enumerator: ______Date: ______Province: ______District: ______Project: ______Sector:______Project Categorization: A B C
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Siting Is the project area… Presence of any environmentally sensitive areas? (This aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project under PSNIP - Protected area - Wetland - Mangrove - Estuarine - Buffer zone of protected area - Special area for protecting biodiversity - Cultural / Heritage sites B. Potential environmental impacts Will the project cause… Pollution of raw water supply/ground water from wastewater discharge from communities, oxidation ponds? (This aspect will be assessed while designing specific subprojects under PSNIP. It will be ensured that the subprojects do not cause significant degradation of surface or ground water bodies) Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site? (This aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project under PSNIP) Serious contamination of soil and groundwater due to construction of oxidation ponds? (The potential risk should be assessed very carefully while designing of oxidation ponds and selection of area for construction as it may cause serious threat( in terms of quality and quantity both) to ground water and aquifer )-Detailed Guidelines are annexed as------which may be used according to nature and design of oxidation
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS pond and which at this atge is unknown) Aggravation of solid waste problems in the area? (This aspect will be assessed while designing specific subprojects under PSNIP. It will be ensured that solid waste generated from sub-projects activities will be handled carefully and disposed in environmental friendly way while avoiding contamination to local waterways and groundwater.) Social conflicts arising from displacement of communities? (This aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project under PSNIP and an extensive public consultation will be required while GRM will also work effectively from VO level to PHED head office and provincial level ) Impediment to access of residents and students (This aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project under PSNIP during construction of toilets in schools, construction of community room, construction of paved roads/sollings ,construction of oxidation ponds and construction of sewerage/drainage facility) Conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply with other beneficial water uses for surface and ground waters? (This aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project under
PSNIP and if applicable, the subproject design will include water conservation practices and less water consuming designs to address water scarcity.) Unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive pathogens or mineral constituents) resulting in increased cases of diarrhea and making the program objectives unachievable? (This aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project under PSNIP) Creation of temporary breeding habitats for diseases such as those transmitted by mosquitoes and rodents? (It is likely that due to project interventions, the water may accumulate at one place or waste disposal is not adequate. The subproject design will include mitigation measures for proper waste disposal and wastewater discharge.) Inadequate protection of sewage collection, leading to pollution of water supply? (It is likely that due to project interventions, the existing water supply may get contaminated. The subproject design will include mitigation measures for proper waste disposal and wastewater
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS discharge.) Over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization and ground subsidence?
(This aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project under PSNIP) Environmental degradation (e.g. erosion, soil and water contamination, loss of soil fertility, disruption of wildlife habitat) from intensification of agricultural land use to supply raw materials for plant operation; and modification of natural species diversity as a result of the transformation to monoculture practices? (Soil and water contamination will be considered during each subproject however soil fertility and disruption of wildlife habitat are unlikely .Anyhow; this aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project under PSNIP.) Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? (This aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project using involuntary resettlement checklist) Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?
(There are no Indigenous People identified in South Punjab and the rest of impacts will be assessed for each sub-project under PSNIP. Potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and land use issues?
(This aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project under.) Impediments to movements of people and animals?
(This aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project) Noise and dust from construction activities? (This aspect will be assessed while designing specific subprojects under PSNIP. It will be ensured that the noise/dust emissions from subprojects’ construction remain within acceptable limits and PEQSs.) Excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream water users? (Unlikely, however this aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project) Community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project commencement? Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.212
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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS (This aspect will be confirmed for each individual sub-project particularly in flood affected areas.) Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g., high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)? Unlikely,However it will be considered for each sub-project)
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ANNEXURE D: INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT SCREENING CHECKLIST Name of Enumerator:______Date: ______Province:______District:______Project:______Sector:______Project Categorization: A B C
SECTION 1 Yes No Expected Remarks Does the project require land acquisition? Yes/No If yes, then describe the type of land being acquired from the categories below: Land (Quantify and describe types of land being acquired in “remarks column”. Government or state owned land free of occupation (agriculture or settlement) Private land Residential Commercial Agricultural Communal Others (specify in “remarks”). Name of owner/owners and type of ownership document if available. If land is being acquired, describe any structures constructed on it Land-based assets: Residential structures Commercial structures (specify in “remarks”) Community structures (specify in “remarks”) Agriculture structures (specify in “remarks”) Public utilities (specify in “remarks”) Others (specify in “remarks”) If agricultural land is being acquired, specify the following: Agriculture related impacts Crops and vegetables (specify types and cropping area in “remarks). Trees (specify number and types in “remarks”). Others (specify in “remarks”). Affected Persons (DPs) Will any people be displaced from the land when acquired? Yes/No
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Number of DPs Males Females Titled land owners Tenants and sharecroppers Leaseholders Agriculture wage laborers Encroachers and squatters (specify in remarks column) Vulnerable DPs (e.g. women headed households, minors and aged, orphans, disabled persons and those below the poverty line). Specify the number and vulnerability in “remarks”. Others (specify in “remarks”) How will people be affected? Section 2 Will land be donated voluntarily? Yes/No If yes, does the owner been made aware of VLD nature and procedure? Has the landowner agreed to sign the VLD documents? Can the owner produce land title deeds/documents of ownership? Are there any tenants on the land? If yes, describe number of tenants, gender and type of tenancy and length of residence. If yes, are tenants willing to move? Will there be adverse impacts on tenants? Describe in remarks column Are there people using the land for livelihoods, cultural activities? Yes/No If yes, how many people? Gender? Type of activity? How will voluntary land donation affect people using the land?
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ANNEXURE E-1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) When a subproject includes distinct mitigation measures (physical works or management activities), an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) needs to be included with the subproject application.
ESMP General Format/ Contents: An ESMP will include the following components: Description of adverse effects: The anticipated effects are identified and summarized. Description of mitigation measures: Each measure is described with reference to the effect(s) it is intended to deal with. As needed, detailed plans, designs, equipment descriptions, and operating procedures are described. Description of monitoring program: Monitoring provides information on the occurrence of environmental and social effects. It helps identify how well mitigation measures are working, and where better mitigation may be needed. The monitoring program should identify what information will be collected, how, where and how often. It should also indicate at what level of effect there will be a need for further mitigation. How environmental and social effects are monitored is discussed below. Responsibilities, Capacity Development and Training: The people, groups, or organizations that will carry out the mitigation and monitoring activities are defined, as well as to whom they report and are responsible. There may be a need to train people to carry out these responsibilities, and to provide them with equipment and supplies. Implementation schedule: The timing, frequency and duration of mitigation measures and monitoring are specified in an implementation schedule, and linked to the overall subproject schedule. Cost estimates and sources of funds: This are specified for the initial subproject investment and for the mitigation and monitoring activities as a subproject is implemented. Funds to implement the EMP may come from the subproject grant, from the community, or both. Government agencies and NGOs may be able to assist with monitoring. Monitoring Methods: Methods for monitoring the implementation of mitigation measures or environmental effects should be as simple as possible, consistent with collecting useful information, so that community members can apply them themselves Methodology The sector specific ESMPs will be prepared using the standard methodology, as briefly listed below.
Scoping – studying the subproject details and preparing long list of potential issues and concerns Site surveys and data collection – recording the key environmental and social aspects of the area, identifying any environmental/social hot spots or key concerns, carrying out consultations with the community.
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Screening – on the basis of the above, short listing the key concerns and potential impacts of the subproject on environment and people. Impact assessment – assessing the significance of each potential impact and identifying appropriate mitigation measures. Assessment of cumulative impacts of a cluster of subprojects. ESMP compilation – documenting the process and outcome of the study. ESMP Structure
The ESMP will follow the standard structure as given below.
Introduction, including background, a brief description of the Project, an overview of the relevant legal and policy framework A simplified description of the subproject, including its layout and location, resource requirements, wastes to be generated, manpower requirement, a brief description of construction activities, and a brief description of operation and maintenance activities. Baseline description, primarily describing the proposed site and its immediate surrounding aided with maps, photographs and schematics, key environmental and social aspects/resources of the surroundings such as land form and land use, land ownership, water resources, settlements, any critical habitat or protected area, any cultural heritage sites or graveyards, any sensitive receptor such as schools and hospitals, access routes, and other relevant details. Stakeholder consultations, recording the key concerns and suggestions of the community regarding the subproject and its potential impacts, and a description of the way these concerns will be addressed. Impact assessment Mitigation plans, listing all the impacts, their mitigation measures, assigning responsibility of implementing these measures, and also assigning responsibility for monitoring. Also identifying cumulative impacts if applicable. Monitoring plan, describing the monitoring requirements, frequency, and responsibility of conducting the monitoring. Training plan, describing the training requirements, contents, frequency, training recipients, and responsibility of conducting these trainings. Documentation and reporting, describing the requirement, frequency, and responsibility of documentation and reporting. Grievances redress mechanism (GRM). ESMP implementation budget, providing the cost estimate of its implementation.
Report Format
The ESMP for each sub-project will include the following:
1. Introduction 2. Project Description 3. Legal and Policy Framework
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4. Environmental and Social Baselines 5. Social Impact Assessment (in case of Involuntary Resettlement which is not likely or Indigenous People) 6. Stakeholder Consultations 7. Environmental and Social Screening 8. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Mitigation 9. Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan 10. Institutional Arrangements 11. Grievance Redress Mechanism
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ANNEXURE E-2: OUTLINE FOR RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) AS PER WORLD BANK OP 4.12
1. Project description, including design alternatives considered 2. Socioeconomic baseline. 3. Project impacts and affected population, including the Project’s Impact Zones and details from the inventory and census surveys. 4. Project resettlement policy framework, including summary of the legal framework in Pakistan, ii) a comparison with World Bank OP 4.12 and proposed measures to fill in any gaps, and iii) a project entitlement policy; 5. Compensation rates and their evaluation basis and methodology, and resettlement and rehabilitation packages; 6. Compensation and resettlement approach and action plan. 7. Community consultation and participation, descriptions of consultations carried out during project preparation and plans to continue consultations during implementation 8. Institutional framework and arrangement for implementing resettlement 9. Grievance Redress Mechanisms 10. Costing and budget 11. Monitoring and evaluation.
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ANNEXURE F: STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION-FEEDBACK
Stakeholders Consultation (SC) for Preparation of Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) OF Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP)
Housing and Urban Development Public Health Engineering Department (HUS-PHED)
For community consultation 22 villages (at least 01 from each of 11 districts)were visited Venue for community consultation was either VO office ,or dera /home of notables of respective village Women, Men, Farmers, Notables (lambardar, teachers ,educated people/students/youth, LHW)were equally consulted in each village At some villages, men and women combined sessions were arranged while at most of the villages separate consultation was carried out with each group
Sr.# Date District village 1 Tehsil Venue of Total Village 2 Tehsil Venue of SC Total SC M F M F
01 16-12-17 Khanew 5 Kassi Kabeerwala CBO Office 35 20 Chah Dhunya Kabeerwala Dera Liaqat Ali 22 25 al Wala Dhunyana
02 16-12-17 Multan Chak Multan Dera Ameer 18 16 Mansoorabad Multan House 18 19 Ghaghra Hayat,Basti Muhammad Ghareebab Ameen ad
03 17-12-17 Bahawa Swai wala Bahawalnagar At village 17 05 Mhaar Wali Bahawalnag village 26 12 lnagar ar
04 04-01-18 Lodhra Chah Lodhran At village 31 31 Tadha theme Lodhran village 41 22 Hassu
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n wala(Koth a uthera
05 04-01-18 Bahawa 36/DNB Yazmaan At home 08 17 43/DNB Yazmaan At dera 23 25 lpur
06 05-01-18 Rahimy 124/P RYK Chok near 08 22 131/P RYK Dear Lamberdar 14 08 ar Khan Jamia Muhammad Afzal Masjid
07 05-01-18 Rajanp Kotla Rajanpur CBO Office 16 04 Noushehra Rajanpur Village Cowk 14 05 ur Naseer Sharqi
08 06-01-18 Layyah 157 TDA Layyah Village 13 14 138 TDA Layyah village 13 10
09 06-01-18 D.G Esan Wala Kot Chutta Dera Akhtar 17 10 Wali dad Khan Kot Chutta Dera Fiaz Hussain 31 14 Khan Hussain(Ch oti Zareen)
10 06-01-18 Muzaff Dittu wali Muzaffargarh village 14 04 argarh
11 08-01-18 Vehari 15-WB Vehari At village 25 06 57-WB Vehari At village 17 14
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Community Feedback/Comments for Preparation of Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) OF Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP)
Housing and Urban Development Public Health Engineering Department (HUS-PHED)
Sr.# Date District Tehsil village 1 Venue Total Feedback/Comment Village 2 Tehsil Venue Total Feedback/Recomme of SC s of SC ndations M F M F
01 16- Khanewal Kabirwala 5 Kassi At 25 04 1. It was ODF Chah Kabirwala village 27 25 1. 60% of the 12- village certified village Dhunyawal community is 17 and have zero a having OD OD practices practices while 2. For waste water 40 % houses drainage, open have toilets drains are whose waste present but in water is deteriorated discharged in conditions and open ditches need operation and further to and maintenance the nearby crop and community lands .People demanded to having OD provide covered practices were channels and of the view that manholes can construct 3. Currently ,VO is their own toilets working very if they may be effectively and provided with good quality the waste water drinking water is drainage system. available there. 2. VO is not
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4. Canal water and working there electric motor but the pumps are being community was used for of the view that agricultural they can run and activities, maintain the anyhow system community was operational of the view that 3. Village is they may run the surrounded by oxidation ponds beautiful orchids and donate land of citrus fruits for the purpose and agricultural as well. Govt lands which may .land (reserved take the benefit for pond)is also of oxidation available ponds 4. The influential people amongst community are ready to donate land for construction of oxidation ponds.
02 16- Multan Multan Chak village 18 16 1. 90% of Mansoora Multan village 18 19 1. Being ODF 12- Ghaghra population has bad certified village, 17 OD practices community have and they are no need of below poverty toilets. Anyhow line so waste water demanded drainage system
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financial needs operation assistance for and construction of maintenance. toilets. 2. No agriculture 2. Waste water is land exists there. disposed off in 3. Drainage system open pits and is connected with no waste water the main city, so drainage system no oxidation exists there pond is required. which was demanded by the community along with oxidation pond as there are fertile lands surrounding the village. 3. VO is working effectively there to create health and hygiene awareness and they can handle the responsibilities associated with drainage system and oxidation ponds. 4. Motor pumps are used for
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drinking water which is not of good quality and PHED may provide water supply scheme there. 03 17- Bahawalnag Bahawalna Swai wala At 17 05 1. 70% of Mhaar Bahawalna village 26 12 1. There is no 12- ar gar village community Wali gar drainage system 17 having OD which was practices demanded by the demanded to community to be provide the provided along financial with the assistance for oxidation pond construction of while sam nala toilets. for rain water 2. There is no may also be used system of waste for waste water water drainage drainage. which was 2. VO is effectively suggested by the working there community to be and they can run provided along the drainage with oxidation system/oxidation ponds for which pond Govt. Land is 3. 30% households available. having OD 3. 30% of the fertile practices land is under demanded to threat due to provide them water deficiency financial which may be assistance to
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overcome by construct toilets providing while 70 % oxidation pond having toilets 4. There exist two ,store waste water supply water in open schemes amongst pits and released them one is not to agriculture working which fields needs to be 4. Due to maintained. deteriorated 5. VO is effectively quality of ground working there water and higher which may run levels of salinity, the waste water water filtration drainage system plant is under and oxidation construction for pond better supply of drinking water. 5. There exist 20% dessert area and 20% forest area around the village which is under threat due to shortage of water and soil salinity 04 04- Lodhran Lodhran Chah At 31 31 1. About 60% Tadha Lodhran village 41 22 1. 40% of population 01- Hassu village population having theme is having OD 18 wala(Koth OD demanding to practices; anyhow provide them they were of the a uthera financial view that they can assistance for construct toilets at
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construction of their own. toilets. 2. Open drainage 2. NO drainage system exists system exists which is openly there which was distributed to the demanded by the agricultural fields. community to be The community provided. demanded 3. According to the oxidation ponds community Govt. and covered drain Land is available channels. for the 3. The influential construction of people of the oxidation ponds community were which may be agreed to donate utilized for the land for oxidation irrigation pond. purpose. 4. According to the 4. Community was local community, of the view that there exists a they have the mosque of 1933 capability to run (Masjid Khuda the drainage Bakhsh) and hafiz system/oxidation Jamal Darbar ponds and to which is not make it protected, nor operational. does it come under 5. Hand pumps are Punjab Archeology used for drinking Department. water and water quality is poor. People suggested providing them
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good quality water supply scheme.
05 04- Bahawalpur Yazmaan 36/DNB Village 08 17 1.Households having 43/DNB Yazmaan village 23 25 1. Accessibility to 01- OD practices are village needs 18 30% of population improvement as existing accessible and they are below and inside the poverty, therefore village roads are they need financial unpaved assistance to 2. 2. Hand pumps are construct toilets source of drinking water which is 2. They need brackish and sewerage system deteriorated quality and cemented due to seepage of pipelines for waste sewage water, they need good quality water drainage water. 3. 3.only 30 % houses 3.Currently, waste have toilets facility water goes in open and their waste fields and being water is drained utilized for agro openly in fields activities so waste which requires a water treatment and proper drainage oxidation ponds are system at priority list of the 4. 4. Issue of drinking community. water and toilets need to be resolved
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.Respondents at first priority showed interest to 5. 5.90%population is donate land for associated with agri. labor and for agri. oxidation ponds. activities, canal water is available.
06 05- Rahimyar RYK 124/P At 08 22 1. 90% of the 131/P RYK At 14 08 1. ODF village. 98% 01- Khan village population have village of the community 18 toilets in their has toilets in homes. their homes. 2. Wastewater 2. Surface water drainage system open channel does not exist. drainage system 3. People dig holes exist already around there which has been homes to covered in a collect waste recent project water and make completed by the these holes PLAN empty when international and they are filled. PHED. 4. Ground water 3. Water supply level is very scheme exist and high and due to run by the VO salinity fertile effectively. lands are 4. Oxidation pond is effected badly already 5. Ground water is constructed and brackish and maintained by cannot be used VO. for drinking purpose so
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people collects rain water in some ponds and use that water for drinking purpose that is very pathetic situation. 6. People need good quality drinking water by some means 7. To control salinity (increased level of underground water sam-tube wells are working but people demanded to increase the no. of these tube- wells to save their fertile land. 07 05- Rajanpur Rajanpur Kotla village 16 04 1. Open drainage Noushehra Rajanpur village 14 05 1.95% households 01- Naseer system of waste Sharqi having OD are below 18 water exist which is poverty line and they being utilized in the can’t afford to crop fields. construct toilets, and Community is in this regards they
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demanding to have need financial oxidation pond for assistance. betterment of this facility. 2.Heaptitis B and C are common 2. Water supply diseases scheme (run by PHED) is supplying 3. Only two hand water to the pumps exist for residents partially. drinking water. Two such units are Quality of drinking available but one is water is very poor. working while other People need good needs some financial quality drinking support in terms of water through water maintenance. 3. Due supply scheme. to electricity shortfall 4. There is no roads in summers people network and recommended to unpaved paths are convert these two filled with sewage water scheme on water. Waste water solar system. has been ponded in 4. People are unable open areas casing to pay bills. health risks and Operators of these hurdles in mobility water turbines which need to be should be govt. handled by providing employ to decrease drainage system. the financial budget
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required to operate 5. Being flood prone the schemes. zone oxidation ponds and allied system will be not suitable.
08 06- Layyah Layyah 157 TDA Village 13 14 1. Being 138 TDA Layyah village 13 10 1. ODF certified 01- ODF certified village village there is no 18 there is no need of need of toilets toilets facility. facility. Anyhow drainage system (covered 2. Hand pumps are with slabs) is provided to the half being used for of population and drinking water which remaining has Arsenic and high community is TDS. People demanding such a demanded for good draining system quality drinking along with oxidation water. pond. 2. Drinking 3. Waste water water quality is drainage system is deteriorated with partially available. Arsenic, high TDS, and pathogens People are which need to be demanding drainage addressed. system
4. Waste water is directly used in field crops and they need
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oxidation pond.
09 06- D.G Khan Kot Chutta Esan Wala At 17 10 1. 98% of Wali dad Kot Chutta At 31 14 1. A few hand 01- vilage community Khan village pumps are 18 having OD operational in the recommended whole providing them community and financial the people have assistance for to fetch water construction of from there. Thus toilets. it was demanded 2. No waste water by the people to drainage system provide them exist which was good quality demanded by the drinking water community to be through water provided. scheme. 3. Canal water is 2. Although VO available for doesn’t exist agricultural use there but the so oxidation pond community was facility may of the view that enhance the crop they can run the yield. water supply 4. Poor quality scheme and drinking water is drainage system. available through 3. 100% of hand pumps. community Good quality having OD drinking water is requested tom suggested by the provide them
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community to be financial provided through assistance for the water supply construction of scheme. toilets. 10 06- Muzaffargar Muzaffarg Dittu wali village 14 04 1. Due to 01- h arh shortage of canal 18 water, fertile lands are not being irrigated so the community demanded to provide water for their crops. 2. NO waste water drainage system exist which need to be provided along with oxidation pond. It may overcome the shortage of irrigation water. 3. Water supply scheme is being VO very effectively and they can handle the other responsibilities as well. 4. OD is 40% although community is now constructing toilets by their own support and a few of
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them need financial support. 5. Water supply scheme is restricted to water tanks only and people have to fetch water from water tanks. People demanded to provide water supply to their homes. 11 08- Vehari Vehari 15-WB At 25 06 1. 90% community 57-WB Vehari At 17 14 1. People 01- village has toilets in their village demanded 18 homes. covered Remaining 10 drainage percent needs system of waste financial water along assistance to with the construct toilets. oxidation pond. 2. VO exists and 2. Source of working on water drinking water supply scheme is hand pumps that has been and motor provided already. pumps. Quality VO can maintain of underground the drainage water is not system and good and oxidation pond if people are provided to demanding them. some good 3. People quality drinking demanded waste water scheme. water drainage 3. Fertile land is
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system along there and with oxidation existence of pond. Community oxidation pond land for oxidation would pond may be contribute in donated and agriculture. Govt. land 4. Around 70% (reserved for people have pond) is also toilets in their available homes and according to the remaining need community. financial 4. People assistance to demanded of construct water filtration toilets. plants so that 5. Due to poor they may have quality of better quality of drinking water drinking water. people fetch water from nearby village.
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ANNEXURE G: STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION PHOTOS
43 Fig. 1: Bahawalpur Fig. 2: Bahawalnagar
Fig. 3: D.G.Khan Fig.4: Khanewal
Fig. 5: Layyah Fig. 6: Muzaffargarh
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Fig. 7: Lodhran Fig.8: Multan
Fig. 9: RY Khan Fig.10: Rajanpur
Fig.11: Vehari
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ANNEXURE H: SELECTED IMAGES OF EXISTING BASELINE CONDITIONS IN 25 SURVEYED VILLAGES
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ANNEXURE I: GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TOILETS
1. Selecting the proper location
Effluent passing into the soil from a latrine pit contains large amounts of micro-organisms this may include disease causing bacteria. It also has high nitrates and other salts. There is a possibility for underlying aquifers to be polluted by the effluent infiltrating into the soil from the latrine pits. Hence a number of factors need to be taken into consideration when siting the pit of the latrine in addition to factors such as convenience and privacy of users.
A latrine pit should be located outside a radius of 15m from a water source such as a well, stream etc. It should not be located upstream or up-hill from any water source It should not be located in a low-lying area Whenever possible a latrine pit should be located at least 4 m from the nearest house or building The bottom of the latrine pit should be a minimum of 2 m above the maximum ground water table to minimize the threat of contamination. (this is the groundwater table during peak wet weather) The latrine should be oriented in such a way that it receives adequate sunlight 2. Selecting the proper latrine type
Selection of the most appropriate latrine type is equally important as the siting. There are number of factors that are generally considered when selecting the type of sanitation.
Groundwater situation - The most important consideration here is groundwater pollution. This can particularly be a problem if groundwater is used for drinking purposes and the groundwater table is naturally high. The texture of soil, stability, permeability and the general structure of the terrain. Affordability Cultural acceptance Means of disposal of sludge and waste water Following latrine designs are discussed hereunder:
PIT LATRINES A pit latrine or pit toilet is a type of toilet that collects human feces in a hole in the ground. They use either no water or one to three liters per flush with pour-flush pit latrines. The World Health Organization recommends they be built a reasonable distance from the house balancing issues of easy access versus that of smell.The distance from groundwater and surface water should be as large as possible to decrease the risk of Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.240
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When the pit fills to within 0.5 meters (1.6 feet) of the top, it should be either emptied or a new pit constructed and the shelter moved or re-built at the new location. Fecal sludge management involves emptying pits as well as transporting, treating and using the collected fecal sludge. If this is not carried out properly, water pollution and public health risks can occur.
This option of is not preferred due to its environmental consequences in water logged or shallow groundwater areas. Also the fecal sludge should be removed after filling the pit and there is a chance of spreading vector from the pit and odor problems. Also the construction of the latrines has to be outdoor due to odor and vector problems.
WATER FLUSH TOILETS73 Flush toilets use water to flush human excreta into a leach pit, tank, or sewer. After the toilet is used, a minimum of 2.5 liters of water is poured into the pan to flush the toilet. Flush toilets normally have a U- shaped conduit partly filled with water (U trap) under the pan. The U trap overcomes the problems of flies, mosquitoes, and odor by serving as a water seal. Flush toilets discharge wastewater directly into open water courses. If no specific measures are taken, this can result in pollution of neighboring surface water, which in many cases is also used as a household water source.
The water flush toilet technologies presented in this section are:
Offset single pit toilet with pour flush Offset double pit toilet with pour flush Pour-flush toilet with two chamber septic tank with soak-pit Pour-flush toilet with two chamber septic tank with drainage field Pour-flush toilet with two chamber septic tank with evapo-transpiration mound Offset single pit toilet with pour flush
The superstructure of an offset single pit toilet with pour flush is half a meter away from the leach pit. A short length of sufficiently sloping (1:10) PVC leads from the U trap down to the pit.
Suitability
The direct single pit toilet with pour-flush is suitable
For areas where the water table is high, if the toilet is raised and connected to a soak-pit. For loose soils, if fully lined.
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For soils with low permeability, if built with a soak pit. In areas prone to freshwater or tidal flooding, if raised. Advantages
It is relatively inexpensive to construct, operate, and maintain: Operation consists of regular water cleansing of the slab (with soap or detergent, if available) to remove any excreta and urine, and daily cleansing of the floor, squatting pan, door handles and other parts of the superstructure. Maintenance consists of monthly inspections to check for cracks in the floor slab and damage to the vent pipe and fly screen, and digging out of part of the feces at the end of the dry season. These feces should be handled with care and buried in a pit covered with soil. After at least a year, when the contents of the pit have decomposed into harmless humus, the humus can be can be used as fertilizer. Disadvantages
The U-trap can easily become blocked because of bad design or improper use, or damages by improper unblocking. Pour-flush toilets are unsuitable where it is common practice to use bulky materials for anal cleansing which cannot be flushed through the U-trap. Unless those materials are separately collected and safely buried or burned. The pit sludge is not safe until it has been left to decompose for at least a year. Offset double pit toilet with pour flush
An offset double pit toilet with pour flush is an offset single pit toilet with a second pit added. The double offset system enables alternating use of the two pits.
When the first pit is full it should be left for at least twelve months, the period required for adequate pathogen destruction. After this period, the decomposed contents of the first pit can safely be removed by hand and used as organic fertilizer. The first pit can be used again while the contents of the second pit decompose.
Suitability
The offset double pit toilet with pour flush is suitable
For areas where the water table is high, if the toilet is raised and connected to a soak-pit. In areas prone to freshwater or tidal flooding, if raised. Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.242
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For loose soils, if fully lined. For soils with low permeability, if built with a soak pit. Advantages
It is easy to construct, operate, and maintain: Operation consists of regular water cleansing of the slab (with soap or detergent, if available) to remove any excreta and urine, and daily cleansing of the floor, squatting pan, door handles and other parts of the superstructure. Maintenance consists of monthly inspections to check for cracks in the floor slab and damage to the vent pipe and fly screen, and digging out of part of the feces at the end of the dry season. These feces should be handled with care and buried in a pit covered with soil. After at least a year, when the contents of the pit have decomposed into harmless humus, the humus can be can be used as fertilizer. It is relatively inexpensive to construct, operate, and maintain. The pit sludge is safe. The toilet can be connected to a soak pit. Disadvantages
The U-trap can easily become blocked because of bad design or improper use, or damages by improper unblocking. Pour-flush toilets are unsuitable where it is common practice to use bulky materials for anal cleansing which cannot be flushed through the U-trap. Unless those materials are separately collected and safely buried or burned. The contents of the pit may not decompose safely when the double pits are too close to each other without an effective seal between them, allowing liquids to percolate from one pit to the other. Pour flush toilet with 2-chamber septic tank with soak pit
This type of pour flush toilet is like the offset single pit toilet, but with a septic tank in place of the pit.
A septic tank is a watertight settling tank to which wastes are carried by water flushed down a short PVC pipe. A septic tank does not dispose of wastes; it only helps to separate and digest the solid matter. The liquid effluent flowing out of the tank is as dangerous as raw sewage from a health point of view and must be dispersed by soaking into the ground through the soak pit. The sludge accumulating in the tank must be removed regularly, usually once every one to five years, depending on site, number of users, and kind of use.
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In double-compartment septic tanks the first compartment has twice the volume of the second. The total volume of the tank should be at least three times the average volume of water used daily. Every tank must have a ventilation system to allow explosive gases to escape. Septic tanks are more expensive than other on-site sanitation systems and require sufficient piped water.
A soak pit is a pit into which the liquid effluents from the septic tank flow to be filtered into the ground. The capacity of the pit should not be less than that of the septic tank. The pit may be filled with stones or broken bricks, in which case no lining is needed, or lined with pre-cast reinforced cement concrete rings. The top 0.3 m (the topmost ring) should be a non-perforated ring. If no lining is used, the top 0.5 meter should be lined to provide a firm support for the reinforced concrete cover slab.
Suitability
The pour flush toilet with 2-chamber septic tank with soak-pit is suitable
Where the water table is high, if the toilet is raised. In areas prone to freshwater or tidal flooding, if raised. For loose soils. For soils with low permeability. Advantages and Disadvantages
The main advantage of the pour flush toilet with septic tank and soak pit is that it is easy to operate. This type of toilet has a number of disadvantages:
It is relatively expensive and difficult to construct. It is relatively expensive and difficult to maintain. On a monthly basis, the floor, squatting pan and U-trap need to be checked, and if necessary small repairs must be carried out. Regular cleaning of the toilet with a bit of detergent is unlikely to be harmful, but the use of large amounts of detergents or chemicals may disturb the biochemical process in the tank. The tank must be emptied when solids occupy between one half and two thirds of the total depth between the water level and the bottom of the tank (at least once every five years). The sludge is not safe to handle. Removal is best done mechanically; if done manually, the sludge must be handled with extreme care. The sludge must be buried in a pit and covered with soil. Many problems are caused by too much disposed liquid. Large flows entering the tank may cause a temporarily high concentration of suspended solids in the effluent owing to disturbance of the solids that have settled out. This type of toilet is unsuitable for areas where water is scarce and where financial resources are insufficient for construction of the system, or where emptying of the tank is too expensive or cannot be carried out safely.
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Pour flush toilet with 2-chamber septic tank with drainage field
This type of toilet is the same as the pour flush toilet with septic tank and soak pit, but with a drainage field in place of the soak pit.
A drainage field is often used where larger quantities of liquid effluents are produced. A drainage field consists of gravel-filled underground trenches, into which the liquid effluents coming from the septic tank are led through open-joint (stoneware) or perforated (PVC) pipes, allowing the effluents to filter into the ground. Initially the infiltration into the ground may be high, but after several years the soil will clog and an equilibrium infiltration rate will be reached. If the sewage flow exceeds the equilibrium rate of the soil, eventually the sewage will surface over the drainage field.
Suitability
The pour flush toilet with drainage field is suitable
In areas prone to freshwater or tidal flooding, if raised. For loose soils. For soils with low permeability where normal septic tanks cannot work. For toilets that require water for flushing. The pour flush toilet with drainage field is not suitable where the water table is high.
Advantages
It is easy to operate. The drainage field is easy to maintain. The maintenance activities for the drainage field consist of cleaning the tank outflow and ensuring that it is still in order, unblocking the delivery pipe if necessary, cleaning the diversion boxes from time to time, controlling plant growth to prevent roots from entering the trenches, and carrying out any necessary repairs. Disadvantages
On a monthly basis, the floor, squatting pan, and U-trap must be checked, and small repairs carried out if necessary. Regular cleaning of the toilet with a bit of detergent is unlikely to be harmful, but the use of large amounts of detergents or chemicals may disturb the biochemical process in the tank. The tank must be emptied when solids occupy between one half and two thirds of the total depth between the water level and the bottom of the tank (at least once every five years).
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The sludge is not safe to handle. Removal is best done mechanically; if done manually, the sludge must be handled with extreme care. The sludge must be buried in a pit and covered with soil. The problems that can occur are overflowing leach lines, unpleasant odor, groundwater contamination, and social conflict over location of the drainage fields. A drainage field is unsuitable where insufficient space, water or financial resources for construction are available, or where bedrock or groundwater are at shallow depth. Pour flush toilet with 2-chamber septic tank and evapo-transpiration mound
This type of toilet is the same as the pour flush toilet with septic tank and soak pit, but with an evapo- transpiration mound in place of the soak pit. The evapo-transpiration mound is shown in figure 6.6.
Where the soil is impermeable or difficult to excavate, or where the water table is near the surface, a possible solution is the use of an evaporation mound. An evaporation mound is filled with sand and gravel into which the liquid effluents coming from the septic tank are led through perforated laterals allowing the effluents to filtrate into the ground or to evaporate.
This ensures a greater depth and wider dispersion of the effluent and removes much of its water content through evaporation from the plants growing on top of the mound.
Suitability
The pour flush toilet with evapo-transpiration mound is suitable
Where the water table is high, if the toilet is raised. In areas prone to freshwater or tidal flooding, if raised. For loose soils. Advantages and Disadvantages
The pour flush toilet with evapo-transpiration mound has the same advantages as the pour flush toilet with drainage field, and the same disadvantages with respect to the need to empty the tank and dispose of the sludge with care. The principal advantage of a transpiration mound over a drainage field is that a transpiration mound can be constructed where bedrock or the water table are at a shallow depth.
3. Construction of latrine pits to replace existing latrine pits:
If new latrine pits are being constructed to replace existing latrine pits then following needs to be followed:
Old latrine pits must be demolished and unsuitable debris disposed of in sites assigned by the local authority in a manner that does not cause harm or will spread waterborne diseases. If asbestos roofing has been used, proper removal and disposal of sheets are required. Workers involved in removal, should wear proper masks to minimize inhalation.
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All material that can be re-used and re-cycled should be done in a manner that is environmentally friendly. Re-use debris, except top soil where ever possible from the approval of engineers for the construction activities. If material is not to be used within a few days, it should be moved to a pre- identified site for storage until needed. Debris should not be disposed to water bodies, agricultural lands, marsh lands or any environmentally sensitive areas. Pits should be sealed off to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases. Once area is cleared of all debris, it is advisable to landscape area. 4. Selection of Best suited technology for PSNIP Project
Keeping in consideration the factors like i) water table persist in project districts, ii) community acceptability iii) cost of construction iv) soil structure, v) area of construction and water availability, the following two types of toilet designs are selected:
1. Offset double pit toilet with pour flush – Also recommended in areas where water table is high if raised. Toilet is connected with leaching pits (stone lined) which act as a partial trickling filter and hence the water that escapes is bacteriologically less/not harmful.Once a pit is filled, the second one comes in use and the first is emptied over time. 2. Pit latrine – Only recommended where water is scarce and pour flush technique cannot be utilized and also water table is deep like in desert area.
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ANNEXURE J: TORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS SPECIALIST (ESS) AND CAPACITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SPECIALIST (CSDS)
CAPACITY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SPECIALIST
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Implementing and executing the ESMF procedures and processes and Voluntary Land Donation (VLD) procedures and documentation during the course of project 2. Implementation of all social aspects including social and VLD screening and filling the screening checklists for each subproject to be undertaken under the project and prepare the social components of ESMPs 3. Ensuring the compliance of social safeguards, Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and GRM as according to the procedures described in ESMF 4. Ensuring the internal monitoring of social safeguards ,RPF and GRM and providing technical assistance in hiring the Consultants/Firm for Third Party Validation (TPV) 5. Designing and implementing media campaign to improve the program outcomes. 6. Oversee the record keeping of all the base line data, progresses, monitoring and evaluation reports. 7. Organizing periodic meetings, workshops and exchange visits for knowledge sharing. 8. Lead development of various IEC materials for demand creation and promotional activities. 9. Form a broad base of knowledge management, alliance building and advocacy through publication and sharing of articles, news, views, research findings, articles, success stories, etc. through different channels etc. 10. Establish data and information centers in all targeted districts. 11. Coordinate with DMU and NGOs to document best practices from field.
REQUIRED QUALIFICATION/EXPERIENCE:
Master's degree in Social Sciences from a HEC recognized University; At least 5 years relevant experience and proven track record in working on sanitation and WASH related projects covering a broad range of resettlement and social development issues; Good understanding of the World Bank’s Operational Policies on social safeguards, VLD procedures and processes and procedures for implementation of RPF. Demonstrated ability to work independently with limited supervision on a wide range of social development activities, and achieving results with agreed upon objectives and deadlines; Strong English communication skills, both written and oral; Maximum age 45 years
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ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARDS SPECIALIST
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Dealing with the environmental aspects of the ESMF and implementation of its procedures and processes during the course of project. 2. Support in compliance of the credit conditions and covenants pertaining to Environmental Safeguards.
3. Update in Implementation of Environmental aspects of the project. 4. Implementation of all environment aspects including environmental screening and filling the screening checklists for each subproject to be undertaken under the project. 5. Supervising and supporting IPs in achieving their responsibilities as outlined in the ESMF and subsequent Checklists; 6. Carrying out frequent field visits and conduct monitoring for effective ESMF implementation 7. Identifying and assist in preparing environmental induction and training materials; 8. Conduct/manage ESMF trainings for the IP(s), 9. Responding to environmental incidents as required; 10. Preparing quarterly progress reports for submission to World Bank and other stakeholders. 11. Provide technical support to implementing NGO’s consultants in the development of site specific ESMPs 12. Coordinate with implementing agencies and NGO(s) for onsite implementation. 13. Organize and conduct the trainings on ESMF compliances as proposed in mitigation plan. 14. Prepare monthly, quarterly progress reports of Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF). 15. Prepare final progress report of the ESMF and submit to the World Bank. 16. Ensure the Health Safety and Environment (HSE) compliance onsite by the civil works consultants / contractor at project sites. 17. Coordinate and conduct Environmental Field Monitoring visits of Project Areas. 18. Review and revision of documents and ensuring timely delivery of outputs as agreed with The World Bank. 19. As and when required contribute to the ongoing activities of the safeguard unit. 20. Assist the Project Director in routine office matter when require. 21. Work as the focal point for World Bank to provide necessary requirements of environmental compliances within the project.
REQUIRED QUALIFICATION AND EXPERIENCE:
Master's degree in Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering from a HEC recognized university; More than 5 years of relevant experience in dealing with environment management and implementation in sanitation and WASH related projects preferably in WB funded projects; have sound knowledge of local laws/policies on environmental management ,Environmental OPs of WB and their compliance in field including ESMF procedures and processes; monitoring and compliance of environmental mitigation measures and OHS practices during projects execution and implementation. Maximum age 45 years
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ANNEXURE K: TERMS OF REFERENCE (TORS) FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING TEAM
Independent Environmental and Social Monitoring Consultant
A thorough review of the revised ESMF and ESMPs to assess their effectiveness. Review the implementation status of mitigation measures in the ESMF, ESMPs, and Checklists, and the related documentation including but not limited to the review of screening checklists and ESMPs, as envisaged in the ESMF. The consultant will need to assess how many interventions have complete documentation and how much of the documentation is accurate and reflective of facts on ground. Review the environmental and social monitoring regime as specified in the ESMF and ESMPs, review reports of monitoring carried out by ES/SS/ESFPs, identify non-compliances/gaps, and recommend changes, to improve monitoring mechanisms, if any. This will include providing feedback to improve integration of ESMF in the overall project implementation. The consultant will review the mechanism for the preparation of quarterly progress reports and recommend changes, if any, for improving the quality and presentation of these reports. Review the training regime as specified in ESMF, review the trainings carried out thus far, identify non-compliances/gaps, and recommend changes, if any. Assess usefulness and effectiveness of these trainings and recommend ways and means in consultation with PDs to make training program more effective. Identify any outstanding environmental and/or social issues/impacts associated with the subprojects already implemented, and recommend mitigation measures/ corrective actions where required. Based on the above, formulate recommendations for effective implementation of ESMF, overall management of the environmental and social Environmental Specialist Specifically, the Environment Specialist(s)’ responsibilities will include:
Implementation of all aspects of ESMF including environmental screening and filling the screening checklists for each subproject to be undertaken under PSNIP, Preparation of ESMPs and Checklists for subprojects; Supervising and supporting IP(s)/TSP(s) in achieving their responsibilities as outlined in the ESMF and subsequent ESMPs and Checklists; Carrying out frequent field visits and conduct monitoring for effective ESMF implementation as well as IPMP implementation; Identifying and preparing environmental induction and training materials; Conduct/manage ESMF trainings for ESFP(s) in accordance with the Training Plan given in ESMF; Responding to environmental incidents as required;
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Preparing quarterly progress reports for submission to World Bank and other stakeholders. The Environment and Social Specialist will ensure that the project remains compliant to the World Bank operational policies and guidelines.
Qualification: The Specialist should at least have a master degree in Environmental Sciences or Engineering or Natural Resource Management with several years of relevant experience. Working experience on a World Bank project would be an advantage. Good communications skills, both oral and written, and ability to write well in English is also required. Knowledge of regional languages is an asset.
Social Safeguards Specialist
The primary objective of the induction of is to help the DOA and DOLF in implementing the social components of MSAN over the project period. The specialist(s)’ work will fall into the following areas: (i) ensuring compliance of the World Bank’s projects with the Bank’s social safeguard policies; (ii) assisting the Bank’s work on social development; and (iii) assisting the Bank's work on social management, specifically focusing on strengthening institutional capacity.
The specific tasks of the Social Specialist will include:
Supervise VLD and involuntary resettlement activities in projects under implementation; Initiate and review terms of reference for the conduct of social assessments required to inform project preparation; Ensure the proper implementation, execution and monitoring of GRM; Assess the robustness of the consultation process required for the preparation and implementation of the VLD; Provide basic orientation and training to IP(s)/TSP(s) potentially involved in projects preparation and implementation; Provide intensive on-site support ESFPs in VLD plans; Assist in policy dialogue with project stakeholders at all levels of project implementation; Participate in the review and clearance of project documents for compliance with the Bank’s social safeguards policies. Qualification: The potential specialist should have a master degree in a relevant field such as Sociology, Anthropology, or other Social Sciences. A minimum of 5 years relevant operational experience and proven track record in working on projects covering a broad range of social development issues. Good understanding of the World Bank’s operational policies, processes and procedures including its safeguard policies is also mandatory. Field experience is highly desirable. Specialist should have strong English communication skills, both written and oral, as well as knowledge of regional languages as an asset.
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ANNEXURE L: CHECKLIST FOR VERIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION OF ODF & TOTAL SANITATION COMMUNITIES74
Village:………………… Taluka:……………… District:…………………
GENERAL INFORMATION S# Description Responses Total No. of Households in the Community No. of Households with latrines If not all the households have latrines, where do the households without latrine defecate? When was the community triggered? Has the community been certified ODF? If Yes, when was the community certified ODF? Who certified the community ODF? Does the Community have hand washing stations?
General Observation of the Community
GENERAL OBSERVATION OF THE COMMUNITY S# Description yes No Remarks 1. Are the household latrines being used? 2. Are the latrines well maintained? 3. Are hand washing facilities available near the latrines? 4. Are anal cleansing materials properly disposed? 5. Are children feces properly disposed? 6. Are there any traces of human feces in former open defecation sites? 7. Apart from former open defecation sites, are there feces deposited in the open anywhere in the community? 8. Are there latrines with hand washing facilities in schools available? 9. Are water points (boreholes, dug wells) located 30m from latrines? Any other observations and additional comments on the ODF status of the Community:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………….
Recommendations (Give your recommendations on the ODF Status of the Community)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………
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Name of Evaluator: Signature: Date:
For Verification and Certification for Total Sanitation, observe the following;
S# Description yes No Remarks 1. households use hygienic latrines 2. All households always keep latrines clean 3. Schools (where available) have latrines, hand washing facilities and urinals 4. Health Centers (where available) have latrines and hand washing facilities 5. Markets (where available) have latrines 6. Hand washing facilities close to the latrines 7. People keep food covered 8. People keep drinking water covered 9. Community water point surroundings clean 10. Proper disposal of solid waste 11. Proper disposal of liquid waste 12. Proper disposal of animal waste 13. Location of water points (borehole, dug well) 30m from latrines 14. Community environment generally clean Any other observations and additional comments on the ODF status of the Community:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………….
Recommendations (Give your recommendations on the ODF Status of the Community)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………
Name of Evaluator: Signature: Date:
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ANNEXURE M: FORMAT FOR VOLUNTARY DONATION OF LAND
(Voluntary Donation of Land on Rs. -----/- Stamp Paper)
1. This deed of voluntary donation is made and executed on …...... day of …...... ………. between Mr. …...... S/o W/ Mr. ------AND the Government of Punjab through Punjab Irrigation Department to render public service (Rehabilitation /strengthening /construction of new Flood protection embankment (project Title and Location). Herein after called the “Recipient” which term denotes to “for and on behalf of Project Management Unit-PSNIP, Public Health Engineering Department , Government of Punjab” on the other part and shall mean and include his successors –in office, nominees and assignees etc.
2. Whereas, the details of the Location of the, land are given below:
Location Details
Land record No Location /Village Tehsil/UC District Title Holder/ Details Name and Father/ Husband’s Name CNIC No, Status: Title Holder Age: Gender: occupation: Residence: Schedule –Land Details/structure Land in Question
Area Location North Boundary East Boundary West Boundary South Boundary Note: Detailed Map to the scale is appended.
3. Whereas the Title Holder is presently using/ holds the transferable right of the above mentioned piece of land in the village mentioned above. Whereas the encroacher does not hold any transferable rights of the above mentioned piece of land in the village mentioned above but has been a long standing encroacher, dependent on its usufruct hereditarily.
4. Whereas the Title Holder testifies that the land is free of Tenants, squatters or encroachers, not subject to other claims/ claimants and does not obstruct access to other people’s land or livelihoods.
5. Whereas the Title Holder hereby voluntarily surrenders the land/structure without any type of pressure, influence, coercion or payment what so ever directly or indirectly and hereby surrender all his/her subsisting rights in the said land with free will and intention. He/she will transfer the property to the CSO/Project office its ownership and use.
6. Whereas the Recipient shall construct and develop infrastructure facilities under the project and take all possible precautions to avoid damage to adjacent land/structure/other assets. Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.254
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7. Whereas both the parties agree that the infrastructure so constructed/developed shall be for public purpose.
8. The land donated does not constitute more than 10% of the entire landholding of the donor/donors.
Signatories
Title holder Tehsildar Name Name NIC No. Official Seal Transfer registration No. Witnesses 1. UC Nazim Name Signature CNIC 2. Village Numberdar Name Signature CNIC 3. PMU-PHED Name Signature Representative Project Director CNIC
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ANNEXURE N: WB ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDELINES ENVIRONMENTAL CODE OF PRACTICE(ECoP) Introduction The objective of preparation of the Environmental Code of Practices (ECP) is to address less significant environmental impacts and all general construction related impacts of the proposed project implementation. The ECPs will provide guidelines for best operating practices and environmental management guidelines to be followed by the contractors for sustainable management of all environmental issues. This ECP will be annexed in the general conditions of all the contracts carried out under the PSNIP. The list of ECPs prepared for the PSNIP is given below: ECP 1: Waste Management ECP 2: Fuels and Hazardous Substances Management-Not Applicable in PSNIP ECP 3: Water Resources Management ECP 4: Drainage Management ECP 5: Soil Quality Management ECP 6: Erosion and Sediment Control ECP 7: Borrow Areas Development & Operation ECP 8: Air Quality Management ECP 9: Noise and Vibration Management ECP 10: Protection of Flora ECP 11: Protection of Fauna ECP 12: Protection of Fisheries-Not Applicable in PSNIP ECP 13: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management ECP 14: Construction Camp Management ECP 15: Cultural and Religious Issues ECP 16: Workers Health and Safety The Contractor can also prepare a ‘Construction Environmental Action Plan’ (CEAP) demonstrating the manner in which the Contractor will comply with the requirements of ECPs and the mitigation measures proposed in the EMMP of the ESMP. The CEAP will form the part of the contract documents and will be used as monitoring tool for compliance. Violation of the compliance requirements will be treated as non-compliance leading to the corrections or otherwise imposing penalty on the contractors.
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ECP 1: Waste Management Project Activity/ Environmental Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impact Impacts Source General Soil and water The Contractor shall: Waste pollution from the - Develop waste management plan for various specific improper waste streams (e.g., reusable waste, flammable management of waste, construction debris, food waste etc.) prior to wastes and excess commencing of construction and submit to PMU for materials from the approval. construction sites. - Organize disposal of all wastes generated during construction in an environmentally acceptable manner. This will include consideration of the nature and location of disposal site, so as to cause less environmental impact. - Minimize the production of waste materials by 3R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) approach. - Segregate and reuse or recycle all the wastes, wherever practical. - Collect and transport non-hazardous wastes to all the approved disposal sites. - Train and instruct all personnel in waste management practices and procedures as a component of the environmental induction process. - Provide refuse containers at each worksite. - Request suppliers to minimize packaging where practicable. - Place a high emphasis on good housekeeping practices. - Maintain all construction sites in a cleaner, tidy and safe condition and provide and maintain appropriate facilities as temporary storage of all wastes before transportation and final disposal. Hazardous - Not Applicable in PSNIP Waste
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ECP 3: Water Resources Management Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source Hazardous Water pollution from The Contractor shall: Material and the storage, handling - Follow the management guidelines proposed in Waste and disposal of ECP 1. hazardous materials - Minimize the generation of sediment, oil and and general grease, excess nutrients, organic matter, litter, construction waste, debris and any form of waste (particularly and accidental spillage petroleum and chemical wastes). These substances must not enter waterways, storm water systems or underground water tables Discharge During construction The Contractor shall: from both surface and - Install temporary drainage works (channels and construction groundwater quality bunds) in areas required for sediment and erosion sites may be deteriorated control and around storage areas for construction due to construction materials activities, sewerages - Install temporary sediment basins, where from construction sites appropriate, to capture sediment-laden run-off and work camps. The from site construction works will - Divert runoff from undisturbed areas around the modify groundcover construction site and topography - Stockpile materials away from drainage lines changing the surface - Prevent all solid and liquid wastes entering water drainage waterways by collecting solid waste, oils, patterns, including chemicals, bitumen spray waste and wastewaters infiltration and storage from brick, concrete and asphalt cutting where of storm water. The possible and transport to a approved waste change in hydrological disposal site or recycling depot regime leads to - Wash out ready-mix concrete agitators and increased rate of concrete handling equipment at washing facilities runoff and in sediment off site or into approved bunded areas on site. and contaminant Ensure that tires of construction vehicles are loading, increased cleaned in the washing bay (constructed at the flooding, groundwater entrance of the construction site) to remove the contamination, and mud from the wheels. This should be done in every effect habitat of fish exit of each construction vehicle to ensure the local and other aquatic roads are kept clean. biology of nearby water bodies .
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source Soil Erosion Soil erosion and dust The Contractor shall: and siltation from the material - Stabilize the cleared areas not used for stockpiles will increase construction activities with vegetation or the sediment and appropriate surface water treatments as soon as contaminant loading of practicable following earthwork to minimize surface water bodies. erosion - Ensure that roads used by construction vehicles are swept regularly to remove sediment. - Water the material stockpiles, access roads and bare soils on an as required basis to minimize dust. Increase the watering frequency during periods of high risk (e.g. high winds) Construction Construction works in The Contractor shall: activities in the water bodies will - Dewater sites by pumping water to a sediment water bodies increase sediment and basin prior to release off site – do not pump contaminant loading, directly off site and effect habitat of - Monitor the water quality in the runoff from the fish and other aquatic site or areas affected by dredge plumes, and biology. improve work practices as necessary - Protect water bodies from sediment loads by silt screen or bubble curtains or other barriers - Minimize the generation of sediment, oil and grease, excess nutrients, organic matter, litter, debris and any form of waste (particularly petroleum and chemical wastes). These substances must not enter waterways, storm water systems or underground water tables. - Use environment friendly and non toxic slurry during construction of piles to discharge into the river. - Reduce infiltration of contaminated drainage through storm water management design - Do not discharge cement and water curing used for cement concrete directly into water courses and drainage inlets. Drinking water Groundwater at The Contractor shall: shallow depths might - Control the quality of groundwater to be used for be contaminated and drinking water on the bases of NEQS and World hence not suitable for Bank standards for drinking water. Safe and Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.259
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source drinking purposes. sustainable discharges are to be ascertained prior to selection of pumps. - Tube wells will be installed with due regard for the surface environment, protection of groundwater from surface contaminants, and protection of aquifer cross contamination - All tube wells, test holes, monitoring wells that are no longer in use or needed shall be properly decommissioned Depletion and - Install monitoring wells both upstream and pollution of downstream areas near construction yards and groundwater resources construction camps to regularly monitor and report on the water quality and water levels. - Protect groundwater supplies of adjacent lands ECP 4: Drainage Management Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source Excavation Lack of proper The Contractor shall: and earth drainage for - Prepare a program for prevent/avoid standing works, and rainwater/liquid waste waters, which PMU will verify in advance and construction or wastewater owing confirm during implementation yards to the construction - Provide alternative drainage for rainwater if the activities harms construction works/earth-fillings cut the environment in terms established drainage line of water and soil - Establish local drainage line with appropriate silt contamination, and collector and silt screen for rainwater or mosquito growth. wastewater connecting to the existing established drainage lines already there. - Rehabilitate road drainage structures immediately if damaged by contractors’ road transports. - Build new drainage lines as appropriate and required for wastewater from construction yards connecting to the available nearby recipient water bodies. Ensure wastewater quality conforms to the relevant standards provided by EPA, before it being discharged into recipient water bodies. - Ensure the internal roads/hard surfaces in the construction yards/construction camps that Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.260
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source generate has storm water drainage to accommodate high runoff during downpour and that there is no stagnant water in the area at the end of the downpour. - Construct wide drains instead of deep drains to avoid sand deposition in the drains that require frequent cleaning. - Provide appropriate silt collector and silt screen at the inlet and manholes and periodically clean the drainage system to avoid drainage congestion - Protect natural slopes of drainage channels to ensure adequate storm water drains. - Regularly inspect and maintain all drainage channels to assess and alleviate any drainage congestion problem. - Reduce infiltration of contaminated drainage through storm water management design Ponding of Health hazards due to - Do not allow ponding of water especially near the water mosquito breeding waste storage areas and construction camps - Discard all the storage containers that are capable of storing of water, after use or store them in inverted position ECP 5: Soil Quality Management Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source Storage of - Not Applicable in PSNIP hazardous and toxic chemicals Construction Erosion from The Contractor shall: material stock construction material - Protect the toe of all stockpiles, where erosion is piles stockpiles may likely to occur, with silt fences, straw bales or bunds contaminate the soils ECP 6: Erosion and Sediment Control
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Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impact Source Clearing of Cleared areas and The Contractor shall: construction slopes are susceptible - Reinstate and protect cleared areas as soon as sites for erosion of top soils, possible. that affects the growth - Mulch to protect batter slopes before planting of vegetation which - Cover unused area of disturbed or exposed surfaces causes ecological immediately with mulch/grass turfings/tree imbalance. plantations Construction The impact of soil The Contractor shall: activities and erosion are - Locate stockpiles away from drainage lines material (i) Increased run off - Protect the toe of all stockpiles, where erosion is stockpiles and sedimentation likely to occur, with silt fences, straw bales or bunds causing a greater flood - Remove debris from drainage paths and sediment hazard to the control structures downstream, (ii) - Cover the loose sediments and water them if destruction of aquatic required environment in nearby - Divert natural runoff around construction areas lakes, streams, and prior to any site disturbance reservoirs caused by - Install protective measures on site prior to erosion and/or construction, for example, sediment traps deposition of sediment - Control drainage through a site in protected damaging the spawning channels or slope drains grounds of fish, and - Install ‘cut off drains’ on large cut/fill batter slopes (iii) destruction of to control water runoff speed and hence erosion - vegetation by burying Observe the performance of drainage structures and or gullying. erosion controls during rain and modify as required. ECP 7: Borrow Areas Development & Operation Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impact Source Development In case, the borrow pits The Contractor shall: and operation developed by the - Reuse excavated or disposed material available in of borrow Contractor, there will the project area to the maximum extent possible areas be impacts on local - Identify borrow pits in consultation with the DMU topography, ans ESFPs . landscaping and - Obtain the borrow material from: natural drainage. - barren land or land without tree cover outside the road reserve;
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Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impact Source - Do not dug the borrow pits within 5m of the toe of the final section of the road embankment. - Dig the borrow pits continuously. Ridges of not less than 8 m widths shall be left at intervals not exceeding 300 m and small drains should be cut through the ridges to facilitate drainage - Slope the bed level of the borrow pits, as far as possible, down progressively towards the nearest cross drain, if any, and do not lower it than the bed of the cross-drain, to ensure efficient drainage. . Follow the below for restoration of borrow areas are: - Return stockpiled topsoil to the borrow pit if is used for agriculture; - return stockpiled topsoil to the borrow pit and all worked areas to be stabilized through re-vegetation using local plants. - Control at each site by ensuring that base of the borrow pit drains into a sediment trap prior to discharging from the site.
ECP 8: Air Quality Management Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source Construction Air quality can be The Contractor shall: vehicular adversely affected by - Fit vehicles with appropriate exhaust systems and traffic vehicle exhaust emission control devices, in compliance with the emissions and NEQS. Maintain these devices in good working combustion of fuels. condition. - Operate the vehicles in a fuel efficient manner - Cover haul vehicles carrying dusty materials moving outside the construction site - Impose speed limits on all vehicle movement at the worksite to reduce dust emissions - Control the movement of construction traffic - Water construction materials prior to loading and transport - Service all vehicles regularly to minimize emissions Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.263
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source - Limit the idling time of vehicles not more than 2 minutes Construction Air quality can be The Contractor shall: machinery adversely affected by - Fit machinery with appropriate exhaust systems and emissions from emission control devices. Maintain these devices in machinery and good working condition. combustion of fuels. - Focus special attention on containing the emissions from generators - Machinery causing excess pollution (e.g. visible smoke) will be banned from construction sites - Service all equipment regularly to minimize emissions Construction Dust generation from - Water the material stockpiles, access roads and bare activities construction sites, soils on an as required basis to minimize the material stockpiles and potential for environmental nuisance due to dust. access roads is a Increase the watering frequency during periods of nuisance in the high risk (e.g. high winds) environment and can - Minimize the extent and period of exposure of the be a health hazard. bare surfaces - Reschedule earthwork activities or vegetation clearing activities, where practical, if necessary to avoid during periods of high wind and if visible dust is blowing off-site - Restore disturbed areas as soon as practicable by vegetation/grass-turfing - Store the cement in silos and minimize the emissions from silos by equipping them with filters. ECP 9: Noise and Vibration Management Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source Construction Noise quality will be The Contractor shall: vehicular deteriorated due to - Maintain all vehicles in order to keep it in good traffic vehicular traffic working order in accordance with manufactures maintenance procedures - Make sure all drivers will comply with the traffic codes concerning maximum speed limit, driving hours, etc.
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source Construction Noise and vibration The Contractor shall: machinery may have an impact on - Appropriately site all noise generating activities to people, property, avoid noise pollution to local residents fauna, livestock and - Use the quietest available plant and equipment the natural - Modify equipment to reduce noise (for example, environment. noise control kits, lining of truck trays or pipelines) - Maintain all equipment in order to keep it in good working order in accordance with manufactures maintenance procedures - Install acoustic enclosures around generators to reduce noise levels. - Fit high efficiency mufflers to appropriate construction equipment Construction Noise and vibration The Contractor shall: activity may have an impact on - Notify adjacent residents prior to any typical noise people, property, event outside of daylight hours fauna, livestock and - Educate the operators of construction equipment on the natural potential noise problems and the techniques to environment. minimize noise emissions - Employ best available work practices on-site to minimize occupational noise levels - Install temporary noise control barriers where appropriate - Notify affected people if noisy activities will be undertaken, e.g. blasting - Plan activities on site and deliveries to and from site to minimize impact - Monitor and analyze noise and vibration results and adjust construction practices as required. - Avoid undertaking the noisiest activities, where possible, when working at night near the residential areas ECP 10: Protection of Flora Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impact Source Vegetation Local flora are The Contractor shall:
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Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impact Source clearance important to provide - Reduce disturbance to surrounding vegetation shelters for the birds, - Use appropriate type and minimum size of machine offer fruits and/or to avoid disturbance to adjacent vegetations. timber/fire wood, - Get approval from supervision consultant for protect soil erosion and clearance of vegetation. overall keep the - Make selective and careful pruning of trees where environment very possible to reduce need of tree removal. friendly to human- - Control noxious weeds by disposing of at designated living. As such damage dump site or burn on site. to flora has wide range - Clear only the vegetation that needs to be cleared in of adverse accordance with the plans. These measures are environmental impacts. applicable to both the construction areas as well as to any associated activities such as sites for stockpiles, disposal of fill and construction of diversion roads, etc. - Do not burn off cleared vegetation – where feasible, chip or mulch and reuse it for the rehabilitation of affected areas, temporary access tracks or landscaping. Mulch provides a seed source, can limit embankment erosion, retains soil moisture and nutrients, and encourages re-growth and protection from weeds. - Return topsoil and mulched vegetation (in areas of native vegetation) to approximately the same area of the roadside it came from. - Avoid work within the drip-line of trees to prevent damage to the tree roots and compacting the soil. - Minimize the length of time the ground is exposed or excavation left open by clearing and re-vegetate the area at the earliest practically possible. - Ensure excavation works occur progressively and re- vegetation done at the earliest - Provide adequate knowledge to the workers regarding nature protection and the need of avoid felling trees during construction - Supply appropriate fuel in the work caps to prevent fuel wood collection
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ECP 11: Protection of Fauna Project Activity/ Environmental Impacts Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impact Source Construction The location of The Contractor shall: activities construction activities - Limit the construction works within the designated can result in the loss of sites allocated to the contractors wild life habitat and - check the site for animals trapped in, or in danger habitat quality,. from site works and use a qualified person to relocate the animal Impact on migratory The Contractor shall: birds, its habitat and its - Not be permitted to destruct active nests or eggs of active nests migratory birds - Minimize the tree removal during the bird breeding season. If works must be continued during the bird breeding season, a nest survey will be conducted by a qualified biologist prior to commence of works to identify and located active nests - Minimize the release of oil, oil wastes or any other substances harmful to migratory birds to any waters or any areas frequented by migratory birds. Vegetation Clearance of vegetation The Contractor shall: clearance may impact shelter, - Restrict the tree removal to the minimum required. feeding and/or - Retain tree hollows on site, or relocate hollows, breeding and/or where appropriate physical destruction - Leave dead trees where possible as habitat for fauna and severing of habitat - Fell the hollow bearing trees in a manner which areas reduces the potential for fauna mortality. Felled trees will be inspected after felling for fauna and if identified and readily accessible will be removed and relocated or rendered assistance if injured. After felling, hollow bearing trees will remain unmoved overnight to allow animals to move of their own volition. Construction Illegal poaching - Provide adequate knowledge to the workers camps regarding protection of flora and fauna, and relevant government regulations and punishments for illegal poaching.
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ECP 13: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source Construction Increased traffic use of The Contractor shall: vehicular road by construction - Prepare and submit a traffic management plan to traffic vehicles will affect the DMU (verified by PMU) for their approval at least 30 movement of normal days before commencing work on any project road traffics and the component involved in traffic diversion and safety of the road- management. users. - Include in the traffic management plan to ensure uninterrupted traffic movement during construction: detailed drawings of traffic arrangements showing all detours, temporary road, temporary diversions, necessary barricades, warning signs/lights, road signs, etc. - Provide signs at strategic locations of the roads complying with the schedules of signs contained in the Pakistani Traffic Regulations. - Install and maintain a display board at each important road intersection on the roads to be used during construction, which shall clearly show the following information in Urdu: - Location: chainage and village name - Duration of construction period - Period of proposed detour/alternative route - Suggested detour route map - Name and contact address/telephone number of the concerned personnel - Name and contact address/telephone number of the Contractor - Inconvenience is sincerely regretted. Accidents and spillage - Restrict truck deliveries, where practicable, to day of fuels and chemicals time working hours. - Restrict the transport of oversize loads. - Operate road traffics/transport vehicles, if possible, to non-peak periods to minimize traffic disruptions. - Enforce on-site speed limit
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ECP 14: Construction Camp Management Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source Siting and Campsites for The Contractor shall: Location of construction workers - Locate the construction camps at areas which are construction are the important acceptable from environmental, cultural or social camps locations that have point of view. significant impacts - Consider the location of construction camps away such as health and from communities in order to avoid social conflict in safety hazards on local using the natural resources such as water or to avoid resources and the possible adverse impacts of the construction infrastructure of camps on the surrounding communities. nearby communities. - Submit to the PMU for approval a detailed layout plan for the development of the construction camp showing the relative locations of all temporary buildings and facilities that are to be constructed together with the location of site roads, fuel storage areas (for use in power supply generators), solid waste management and dumping locations, and drainage facilities, prior to the development of the construction camps. - Local authorities responsible for health, religious and security shall be duly informed on the set up of camp facilities so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters Construction Lack of proper Contractor shall provide the following facilities in the Camp infrastructure campsites: Facilities facilities, such as - Adequate housing for all workers housing, water supply - Safe and reliable water supply. Water supply from and sanitation tube wells that meets the national standards facilities will increase - Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The pressure on the local toilets and domestic waste water will be collected services and generate through a common sewerage. Provide separate substandard living latrines and bathing places for males and females standards and health with total isolation by wall or by location. Female hazards. toilets should be clearly marked in language understood by the persons using them to avoid miscommunication. The minimum number of toilet facilities required is one toilet for every ten persons. - Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic wastes Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.269
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source - Storm water drainage facilities. Both sides of roads are to be provided with shallow v drains to drain off storm water to a silt retention pond which shall be sized to provide a minimum of 20 minutes retention of storm water flow from the whole site. Channel all discharge from the silt retention pond to natural drainage via a grassed swale at least 20 meters in length with suitable longitudinal gradient. - Paved internal roads. Ensure with grass/vegetation coverage to be made of the use of top soil that there is no dust generation from the loose/exposed sandy surface. Pave the internal roads of at least haring- bond bricks to suppress dusts and to work against possible muddy surface during monsoon. - Provide child crèches for women working on the construction site. The crèche should have facilities for dormitory, kitchen, indoor/outdoor play area. Schools should be attached to these crèches so that children are not deprived of education whose mothers are construction workers - Provide in-house community/common entertainment facilities. Dependence of local entertainment outlets by construction camps to be discouraged/prohibited to the extent possible. Disposal of Management of The Contractor shall: waste wastes is crucial to - Ensure proper collection and disposal of solid wastes minimize impacts on within the construction camps the environment - Insist waste separation by source; organic wastes in one pot and inorganic wastes in another pot at household level. - Store inorganic wastes in a safe place within the household and clear organic wastes on daily basis to waste collector. Establish waste collection, transportation and disposal systems with the manpower and equipments/vehicles needed. - Dispose organic wastes in a designated safe place on daily basis. At the end of the day cover the organic wastes with a thin layer of sand so that flies, mosquitoes, dogs, cats, rats, are not attracted. One may dig a large hole to put organic wastes in it; take Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.270
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source care to protect groundwater from contamination by leachate formed due to decomposition. Cover the bed of the pit with impervious layer of materials (clayey, thin concrete) to protect groundwater from contamination. - Locate the garbage pit/waste disposal site min 500 m away from the residence so that peoples are not disturbed with the odor likely to be produced from anaerobic decomposition of wastes at the waste dumping places. Encompass the waste dumping place by fencing and tree plantation to prevent children to enter and play with. - Do not establish site specific landfill sites. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in approval waste disposal sites. Fuel supplies Illegal sourcing of fuel The Contractor shall: for cooking wood by construction - Provide fuel to the construction camps for their purposes workers will impact domestic purpose, in order to discourage them to the natural flora and use fuel wood or other biomass. fauna - Make available alternative fuels like natural gas or kerosene on ration to the workforce to prevent them using biomass for cooking. - Conduct awareness campaigns to educate workers on preserving the protecting of biodiversity in the project area, and relevant government regulations and punishments on wildlife protection. Health and There will be a The Contractor shall: Hygiene potential for diseases - Provide adequate health care facilities within to be transmitted construction sites. including malaria, - Provide first aid facility round the clock. Maintain exacerbated by stock of medicines in the facility and appoint fulltime inadequate health and designated first aider or nurse. safety practices. There - Provide ambulance facility for the laborers during will be an increased emergency to be transported to nearest hospitals. risk of work crews - Initial health screening of the laborers coming from spreading sexually outside areas transmitted infections - Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and and HIV/AIDS. health care issues and safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source - Provide HIV awareness programming, including STI (sexually transmitted infections) and HIV information, education and communication for all workers on regular basis - Complement educational interventions with easy access to condoms at campsites as well as voluntary 272counseling and testing - Provide adequate drainage facilities throughout camps to ensure that disease vectors habitats (stagnant water bodies, puddles) do not form. Regular mosquito repellant sprays in monsoon. - Carryout short training sessions on best hygiene practices to be mandatorily participated by all workers. Place display boards at strategic locations within the camps containing messages on best hygienic practices Safety In adequate safety The Contractor shall: facilities to the - Provide appropriate security personnel (police / construction camps home guard or private security guards) and may create security enclosures to prevent unauthorized entry in to the problems and fire camp area. hazards - Maintain register to keep track on a head count of persons present in the camp at any given time. - Encourage use of flameproof material for the construction of labor housing/site office. Ensure that these houses/rooms are of sound construction and capable of withstanding storms/cyclones. - Provide appropriate type of fire fighting equipments suitable for the construction camps - Display emergency contact numbers clearly and prominently at strategic places in camps. - Communicate the roles and responsibilities of laborers in case of emergency in the monthly meetings with contractors. Site Restoration of the The Contractor shall: Restoration construction camps to - Dismantle and remove from the site all facilities original condition established within the construction camp including requires demolition of the perimeter fence and lockable gates at the construction camps. completion of the construction work.
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source - Dismantle camps in phases as the work decreases (do not wait for completion of the entire work. - Give prior notice to the laborers before demolishing their camps/units - Maintain the noise levels within the national standards during demolition activities - Different contractors should be hired to demolish different structures to promote recycling or reuse of demolished material. - Reuse the demolition debris to a maximum extent. Dispose remaining debris at the designated waste disposal site by DMU. - Handover the construction camps with all built facilities as it is if agreement between both parties (contactor and land-owner) has been made so. - Restore the site to its original condition or to an agreed condition with the landowner defined prior to the commencement of the works (in writing). - Not make false promises to the laborers for future employment in O&M of the project. ECP 15: Cultural and Religious Issues Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source Construction Disturbance from The Contractor shall: activities near construction works to - Communicate to the public through community religious and the cultural and consultation and newspaper announcements cultural sites religious sites, and regarding the scope and schedule of construction, as contractors lack of well as certain construction activities causing knowledge on cultural disruptions or access restriction. issues cause social - Do not block access to cultural and religious sites, disturbances. wherever possible - Restrict all construction activities within the foot prints of the construction sites. - Stop construction works that produce noise (particularly during prayer time) should there be any mosque/religious/educational institutions close to the construction sites and users make objections. - Take special care and use appropriate equipment Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.273
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source when working next to a cultural/religious institution. - Stop work immediately and notify the site manager if, during construction, an archaeological or burial site is discovered. It is an offence to recommence work in the vicinity of the site until approval to continue is given by the PMU - Provide separate prayer facilities to the construction workers. - Show appropriate behavior with all construction workers especially women and elderly people - Allow the workers to participate in praying during construction time - Resolve cultural issues in consultation with local leaders and supervision consultants - Establish a mechanism that allows local people to raise grievances arising from the construction process. - Inform the local authorities responsible for health, religious and security duly informed before commencement of civil works so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters ECP 16: Worker Health and Safety Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source Best practices Construction works The Contractor shall: may pose health and - Implement suitable safety standards for all workers safety risks to the and site visitors which should not be less than those construction workers laid down on the international standards (e.g. and site visitors leading International Labor Office guideline on ‘Safety and to severe injuries and Health in Construction; World Bank Group’s deaths. The population ‘Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines’) and in the proximity of the contractor’s own national standards or statutory construction site and regulations, in addition to complying with the the construction national acts and rules of the Government of workers will be Pakistan exposed to a number - Provide the workers with a safe and healthy work of (i) biophysical health environment, taking into account inherent risks in its risk factors, (e.g. noise, particular construction activity and specific classes Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.274
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source dust, chemicals, of hazards in the work areas, construction material, - Provide personal protection equipment (PPE) for solid waste, waste workers, such as safety boots, helmets, masks, water, vector gloves, protective clothing, goggles, full-face eye transmitted diseases shields, and ear protection. Maintain the PPE etc), (ii) risk factors properly by cleaning dirty ones and replacing them resulting from human with the damaged ones. behavior (e.g. STD, HIV - Safety procedures include provision of information, etc) and (iii) road training and protective clothing to workers involved accidents from in hazardous operations and proper performance of construction traffic. their job - Appoint an environment, health and safety manager to look after the health and safety of the workers - Inform the local authorities responsible for health, religious and security duly informed before commencement of civil works and establishment of construction camps so as to maintain effective surveillance over public health, social and security matters Child and pregnant The Contractor shall: labor - not hire children of less than 14 years of age and pregnant women or women who delivered a child within 8 preceding weeks, in accordance with the Pakistani Labor Laws and Employment of Child Act (1977). Accidents Lack of first aid - Provide health care facilities and first aid facilities facilities and health are readily available. Appropriately equipped first- care facilities in the aid stations should be easily accessible throughout immediate vicinity will the place of work aggravate the health - Document and report occupational accidents, conditions of the diseases, and incidents. victims - Prevent accidents, injury, and disease arising from, associated with, or occurring in the course of work by minimizing, so far as reasonably practicable, the causes of hazards. In a manner consistent with good international industry practice. - Identify potential hazards to workers, particularly those that may be life-threatening and provide necessary preventive and protective measures. - Provide awareness to the construction drivers to Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.275
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source strictly follow the driving rules - Provide adequate lighting in the construction area and along the roads Construction Lack of proper The Contractor shall provide the following facilities in Camps infrastructure facilities, the campsites to improve health and hygienic such as housing, water conditions as mentioned in ECP 14 Construction Camp supply and sanitation Management: facilities will increase - Adequate ventilation facilities pressure on the local - Safe and reliable water supply. Water supply from services and generate deep tube wells that meets the national standards substandard living - Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. The standards and health toilets and domestic waste water will be collected hazards. through a common sewerage. - Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic wastes - Storm water drainage facilities. - Recreational and social facilities - Safe storage facilities for petroleum and other chemicals in accordance with ECP 2 - Solid waste collection and disposal system in accordance with ECP1. - Arrangement for trainings - Paved internal roads. - Security fence at least two m height. - Sick bay and first aid facilities Water and Lack of Water - The contractor shall provide portable toilets at the sanitation sanitation facilities at construction sites, if about 25 people are working facilities at the construction sites the whole day for a month. Location of portable construction cause inconvenience to facilities should be at least six m away from storm sites the construction drain system and surface waters. These portable workers and affect toilets should be cleaned once a day and all the their personal hygiene. sewerage should be pumped from the collection tank once a day and should be brought to the common septic tank for further treatment. - Contractor should provide bottled drinking water facilities to the construction workers at all the construction sites. Other ECPs Potential risks on The Contractor shall follow the following ECPs to health and hygiene of reduce health risks to the construction workers and construction workers Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.276
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Project Environmental Activity/ Mitigation Measures/ Management Guidelines Impacts Impact Source and general public nearby community: - ECP 4: Drainage Management - ECP 8: Air Quality Management - ECP 9: Noise and Vibration Management - ECP 13: Road Transport and Road Traffic Management Trainings Lack of awareness and The Contractor shall: basic knowledge in - Train all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care among the health care issues (e.g., how to avoid malaria and construction transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI) workforce, make them HIV/AIDS. susceptible to potential - Train all construction workers in general health and diseases. safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work Training should consist of basic hazard awareness, site specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disaster, as appropriate. - Commence the malaria, HIV/AIDS and STI education campaign before the start of the construction phase and complement it with by a strong condom marketing, increased access to condoms in the area as well as to voluntary counseling and testing. - Implement malaria, HIV/AIDS and STI education campaign targeting all workers hired, international and national, female and male, skilled, semi- and unskilled occupations, at the time of recruitment and thereafter pursued throughout the construction phase on ongoing and regular basis. This should be complemented by easy access to condoms at the workplace as well as to voluntary counseling and testing.
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ANNEXURE O: INTERNATIONAL LAWS/TREATIES
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty negotiated at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992, then entered into force on 21 March 1994. The UNFCCC objective is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"75. The framework set no binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions for individual countries and contains no enforcement mechanisms. Instead, the framework outlines how specific international treaties (called "protocols" or "Agreements") may be negotiated to set binding limits on greenhouse gases.
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) human-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 200576.
The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to "a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Montreal Protocol
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It was agreed on 26 August 1987, and entered into force on 26 August 1989. The treaty is structured around several groups of halogenated hydrocarbons that deplete stratospheric ozone. All of the ozone depleting substances controlled by the Montreal Protocol contain either chlorine or bromine (substances containing only fluorine do not harm the ozone layer).
UN Convention to Combat Desertification
75 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change- Retrieved 23 May 2016 76 UN Treaty Database- Retrieved 27 November 2014 Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.278
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The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (UNCCD) is a Convention to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements.
The Convention, the only convention stemming from a direct recommendation of the Rio Conference's Agenda 21, was adopted in Paris, France on 17 June 1994 and entered into force in December 1996. It is the only internationally legally binding framework set up to address the problem of desertification. The Convention is based on the principles of participation, partnership and decentralization—the backbone of Good Governance and Sustainable Development77.
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is an international environmental treaty, signed in 2001 and effective from May 2004, that aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
Key elements of the Convention include the requirement that developed countries provide new and additional financial resources and measures to eliminate production and use of intentionally produced POPs, eliminate unintentionally produced POPs where feasible, and manage and dispose of POPs wastes in an environmentally sound manner. Precaution is exercised throughout the Stockholm Convention, with specific references in the preamble, the objective, and the provision on identifying new POPs.
Cartagena Protocol
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international agreement on biosafety as a supplement to the Convention on Biological Diversity effective since 2003. The Biosafety Protocol seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential risks posed by genetically modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology. The Biosafety Protocol makes clear that products from new technologies must be based on the precautionary principle and allow developing nations to balance public health against economic benefits. It will for example let countries ban imports of genetically modified organisms if they feel there is not enough scientific evidence that the product is safe and requires exporters to label shipments containing genetically altered commodities such as corn or cotton.
77 United Nations Treaty Collection- Retrieved 26 May 2016 Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.279
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ANNEXURE P: SAMPLE BASED SURVEY IN 25 VILLAGES OF PROJECT DISTRCITS
Before preparation of ESMF of Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PSNIP),a sample based survey was designed for 22 villages ( later survey was conducted in 25 villages ) of project area( 02/03 from each of 11 districts)to collect broad baseline data on physical, biological and socio- economic conditions prevailing in the area of each sanitation sub-project.
Sample Based Survey‘s Objectives
Objectives of sample survey were: to determine environmental and social sensitivity of the sub-projects area to determine the environmental and social hot spots of the sub-projects area(if any) to consult the public and other stakeholders to know their feedback/comments regarding project activities and incorporate their priorities in ESMF report
Villages Selection Criteria
Baseline survey was conducted on the basis of environmentally resourced and socially developed villages vs environmentally depleted and socially deprived villages
Environmentally Resourced Villages were supposed to be:
Villages have green fields and rich environmental resources Villages that have some SWM system-disposal, collection, biogas facility may Villages having toilets with minimum open defecation Villages with easy accessibility and availability of water for sanitation Villages with existence relatively better system for disposal /utilization of waste water/sanitation water or having better drainage facility Village with presence of green fields and better agriculture-good quality soil etc. Villages that have some SWM system -disposal, collection, biogas facility may be
Socially Developed Villages were supposed to be:
Villages with large population Villages have well economic resources-relatively rich. Villagers have better education level Villages that have NGOs effectively working there Villages having Village Organization and playing an effective role Villages with better infrastructure-houses Villages where people have awareness regarding health hazards of open defecation Villages that have better facilities-electricity, gas ,roads, health ,education, energy sources etc.
For sample survey, a simple questionnaire was developed (attached in Annexure B)
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Schedule of Survey
Following was the schedule of survey given in table 9.1:
Table : Schedule of Sample Based Survey
Date Time Name of District
01 16-12-2017 10:00 hrs Khanewal
02 16-12-2017 02:00 hrs Multan
03 17-12-2017 10:00 hrs Bahawalnagar
04 04-01-2018 10:00 hrs Lodhran
05 04-01-2018 02:00 hrs Bahawalpur
06 05-01-2018 08:00 hrs Rahim Yar Khan
07 05-01-2018 02:00 hrs Rajanpur
08 06-01-2018 08:00 hrs Layyah
09 06-01-2018 12:00 hrs D.G.Khan
10 06-01-2018 04:00 hrs Muzaffargarh
11 08=01-2018 10:00 hrs Vehari
Environmental and Socio Economic Profile of 25 Villages
9 To collect the socioeconomic and environmental baseline data, following parameters were considered:
# Environmental Parameters Sr.# Socioeconomic Parameters
1. Presence Green Lands 1. Estimated Population
2. Presence of Agricultural Lands 2. Status of Defecation and Toilets
3. Availability of water for: 3. Status of Roads
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Livestock
Agriculture
Drinking
4. Accessibility of water for: 4. Status of Waste Water Drainage/Sewerage
Livestock
Agriculture
Drinking
5. Drinking water Quality 5. Status of Basic amenities
6. Presence of Environmental hotspots 6. Schools /and facilities in the village
7. Presence of any 7. Local Languages Archeological/Cultural Heritage site in the village
8. GW Level 8. Common Diseases
9. GW Quality 9. Availability of Community land
10. Sources of Income
11. Education
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Data Analysis
Data collected from 25 villages has been analyzed for various environmental and socio economic parameters
Status of OD
120 Open Defecation 98 98 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 60 60 50 50 50 40 40 30 30 30 30
20 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
MUL (Chak… MUL TDA) (138 Layyah KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL (Chah… KWL (Mansoor… MUL (Swai… BWNGR BWNGR… (Chah… LOD (Adam… LOD LOD… (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj B… (150 Layyah (Basti… Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah Wali) (Dittu MUZF (Essan… K G D Dad… (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
OD Status
Toilet Facility at HH Level
Have toilets 120 100 100 100 100 95 100 100
100 90 90
80 70 70 70 70 60 60 50 50 50 40 40 30 Percentage 20 20 10 10 2 2 0
0
LOD LOD (Chah…
KWL (Chah… KWL
RYK(124/P) RYK(131/P) RYK(192/P)
KWL KWL (5Kassi)
Vehari(15-WB) Vehari(57-WB)
BWPR(36/DNB) BWPR(43/DNB)
Raj(Noushehra)
BWNGR(Mahaar…
Layyah(157 TDA) Layyah(138 TDA)
Raj (Kotla Naseer) Raj (Kotla
MUZF (DittuWali)
D G D K Wala) (Essan
LOD LOD (Thadatheme)
Layyah(150 B TDA)
MUL (ChakGhagra)
LOD LOD (AdamWayne)
Layyah(Basti Wegg)
BWNGR(Swai Wala) MUL (Mansoor nagar) Villages G D K (Wali DadKhan)
Toilet Facility at HH Level
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Percentage of Pit Toilets
Have pit toilets % of available toilets 120 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100
80 70 60 40 30 Percentage 20 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
LOD (Adam Wayne) (Adam LOD (Dittu Wali) MUZF KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL Dhunyawala) (Chah KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL nagar) (Mansoor MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR Wali) (Mahaar BWNGR Hassuwala) (Chah LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wala) (Essan K G D Khan) Dad (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Villages
Pit Toilets
Covered drains 120 100 100 100 80 60 50 50 50 40
Percentage 40 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
RYK(124/P) RYK(131/P) RYK(192/P)
KWL KWL (5Kassi)
Vehari(15-WB) Vehari(57-WB)
BWPR(36/DNB) BWPR(43/DNB)
Raj(Noushehra)
Layyah(157 TDA) Layyah(138 TDA)
Raj (Kotla Naseer) Raj (Kotla
MUZF (DittuWali)
D G D K Wala) (Essan
LOD LOD (Thadatheme)
Layyah(150 B TDA)
MUL (ChakGhagra)
LOD LOD (AdamWayne)
Layyah(Basti Wegg)
BWNGR(Swai Wala)
MUL (Mansoor nagar)
D G D K (Wali DadKhan)
LOD LOD (ChahHassuwala)
BWNGR(Mahaar Wali) KWL KWL (ChahDhunyawala) Villages
Covered Drainage System
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Open Drains System
Covered drains 120 100 100 100 80 60 50 50 50 40
Percentage 40 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
RYK(124/P) RYK(131/P) RYK(192/P)
KWL KWL (5Kassi)
Vehari(15-WB) Vehari(57-WB)
BWPR(36/DNB) BWPR(43/DNB)
Raj(Noushehra)
Layyah(157 TDA) Layyah(138 TDA)
Raj(Kotla Naseer)
MUZF (DittuWali)
D G D K Wala) (Essan
LOD LOD (Thadatheme)
Layyah(150 B TDA)
MULGhagra) (Chak
LOD LOD (AdamWayne)
Layyah(Basti Wegg)
BWNGR(Swai Wala)
MUL (Mansoor nagar)
D G D K (Wali DadKhan)
LOD LOD (ChahHassuwala)
BWNGR(Mahaar Wali) KWL KWL (ChahDhunyawala) Villages
Open Drain System
Existing Paved Roads Paved Roads 120 100 100 80 60 60 60 50 50 50 50 50 40 40
Percentage 40 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
RYK(124/P) RYK(131/P) RYK(192/P)
KWL KWL (5Kassi)
Vehari(15-WB) Vehari(57-WB)
BWPR(36/DNB) BWPR(43/DNB)
Raj(Noushehra)
Layyah(157 TDA) Layyah(138 TDA)
Raj(Kotla Naseer)
MUZF (DittuWali)
D G D K Wala) (Essan
LOD LOD (Thadatheme)
Layyah(150 B TDA)
MUL (ChakGhagra)
LOD LOD (AdamWayne)
Layyah(Basti Wegg)
BWNGR(Swai Wala)
MUL (Mansoor nagar)
D G D K (Wali DadKhan)
LOD LOD (ChahHassuwala)
BWNGR(Mahaar Wali) KWL KWL (ChahDhunyawala) Villages
Paved Roads
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Paved & Unpaved Roads 120 100 100100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100
80 70 60 60 60 60 60 5050 5050 5050 50 5050 50 50 40 40 40
40 30 Percentage 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
RYK(124/P) RYK(131/P) RYK(192/P)
KWL KWL (5Kassi)
Vehari(15-WB) Vehari(57-WB)
BWPR(36/DNB) BWPR(43/DNB)
Raj(Noushehra)
Layyah(157 TDA) Layyah(138 TDA)
Raj(Kotla Naseer)
MUZF (DittuWali)
D G D K Wala) (Essan
LOD LOD (Thadatheme)
Layyah(150 B TDA)
MUL (ChakGhagra)
LOD LOD (AdamWayne)
Layyah(Basti Wegg)
BWNGR(Swai Wala)
MUL (Mansoor nagar)
D G D K (Wali DadKhan)
LOD LOD (ChahHassuwala)
BWNGR(Mahaar Wali) KWL KWL (ChahDhunyawala) Villages
Paved Roads Unpaved Roads
Paved and Unpaved Roads
Villages that have Access to Electricity
Electricity 120
100
80 60
40 Percentage 20
0
RYK (131/P) RYK RYK(124/P) RYK(192/P)
KWL (5 KWL Kassi)
Vehari (57-WB)Vehari Vehari(15-WB)
BWPR(36/DNB) BWPR(43/DNB)
Raj(Noushehra)
Layyah(157 TDA) Layyah(138 TDA)
Raj(Kotla Naseer)
MUZF (DittuWali)
D G D K Wala) (Essan
LOD LOD (Thadatheme)
Layyah(150 B TDA)
MUL (ChakGhagra)
LOD LOD (AdamWayne)
Layyah(Basti Wegg)
BWNGR(Swai Wala)
MUL (Mansoor nagar)
D G D K (Wali DadKhan)
LOD LOD (ChahHassuwala)
BWNGR(Mahaar Wali) KWL KWL (ChahDhunyawala) Villages
Electricity
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Villages that have access to Gas
Gas 120 100 100 100
80 60
Percentage 40 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR Wegg) (Basti Layyah KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL Dhunyawala) (Chah KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL nagar) (Mansoor MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR Wali) (Mahaar BWNGR Hassuwala) (Chah LOD Wayne) (Adam LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wali) (Dittu MUZF Wala) (Essan K G D Khan) Dad (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Villages
Gas
Basic Health Facilities
Health Unit
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 Number
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
RYK(124/P) RYK(131/P) RYK(192/P)
KWL KWL (5Kassi)
Vehari(15-WB) Vehari(57-WB)
BWPR(36/DNB) BWPR(43/DNB)
Raj(Noushehra)
Layyah(157 TDA) Layyah(138 TDA)
Raj(Kotla Naseer)
MUZF (DittuWali)
D G D K Wala) (Essan
LOD LOD (Thadatheme)
Layyah(150 B TDA)
MULGhagra) (Chak
LOD LOD (AdamWayne)
Layyah(Basti Wegg)
BWNGR(Swai Wala)
MUL (Mansoor nagar)
D G D K (Wali DadKhan)
LOD (Chah LOD Hassuwala)
BWNGR(Mahaar Wali) KWL KWL (ChahDhunyawala) Villages
Health Unit
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Local Languages
Languages 120
100
80
60
Percentage 40
20
0
LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (192/P) RYK KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL (Chah… KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL (Mansoor… MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR (Mahaar… BWNGR (Chah… LOD Wayne) (Adam LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wali) (Dittu MUZF Wala) (Essan K G D Dad… (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Siraiki Punjabi Urdu Rangrii Villages
Languages
Drinking Water through Water Supply Scheme
Water Supply scheme
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Availability
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL Dhunyawala) (Chah KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL nagar) (Mansoor MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR Wali) (Mahaar BWNGR Hassuwala) (Chah LOD Wayne) (Adam LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wali) (Dittu MUZF Wala) (Essan K G D Khan) Dad (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Villages
Water Supply Scheme
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Drinking Water Accessibility
Drinking Water 120 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100100 100 100 100 80 70 80 60 60 50 5050 50 50 5050 60 40 40 40 40 3030 30 30 30 30 30
Percentage 20 20 20 20 20 10 1010 20 00 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 02 0 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 20 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0
0
KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL (Chah… KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL nagar) (Mansoor MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR Wali) (Mahaar BWNGR Hassuwala) (Chah LOD Wayne) (Adam LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wali) (Dittu MUZF Wala) (Essan K G D Khan) Dad (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Axis Title
Water Supply scheme Hand Pumps Motor Pumps Have to fetch water
Drinking Water
Drinking Water Quality
Good Quuality Drinking Water 120 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100
80 60 50 50
40 Percentage 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
RYK(124/P) RYK(131/P) RYK(192/P)
KWL KWL (5Kassi)
Vehari (57-WB)Vehari Vehari(15-WB)
BWPR(36/DNB) BWPR(43/DNB)
Raj(Noushehra)
Layyah(157 TDA) Layyah(138 TDA)
Raj(Kotla Naseer)
MUZFWali) (Dittu
D G D K Wala) (Essan
LOD LOD (Thadatheme)
Layyah(150 B TDA)
MUL (ChakGhagra)
LOD LOD (AdamWayne)
Layyah(Basti Wegg)
BWNGR(Swai Wala)
MUL (Mansoor nagar)
D G D K (Wali DadKhan)
LOD LOD (ChahHassuwala)
BWNGR(Mahaar Wali) KWL KWL (ChahDhunyawala) Villages
Good Quality Drinking Water
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Status of Girls and Boys Schools
Schools 1.2 11 11 11 1 11 11 11 1 1 11 1 11 11 11 1 11 11 11 11 11 1 11 11
1
0.8 0.6
0.4 Availability 0.2 000 0 000 0 0 0 000 0 00 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 0 000 0 0 0 000 0 000 0 0 000 0 00 0 0 000 0 00 0 000 0 0 0 000 0 000 0 00 00 00 0 0 00 00 0 000 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 000 0 00 00
0
KWL(Chah… (Dittu Wali) MUZF KWL (5 Kassi) (5 KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL nagar) (Mansoor MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR Wali) (Mahaar BWNGR Hassuwala) (Chah LOD Wayne) (Adam LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wala) (Essan K G D Khan) Dad (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Villages
Primary School(B) Primary School (G) Elementary School(G) Elementary School(B) High School (B) High School (G)
Girls and Boys High Schools
Facilities of Toilets and Washing Areas in Schools
School Facilities 120 100100 100100 100 100 100 100 100 100100 100100 100 100100 100 100100 100 100 100100 100
100
80 60
40 Percentage 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
KWL (5 Kassi) KWL(5 (124/P) RYK KWL (Chah… KWL Ghagra) (Chak MUL nagar) (Mansoor MUL Wala) (Swai BWNGR Wali) (Mahaar BWNGR Hassuwala) (Chah LOD Wayne) (Adam LOD (Thadatheme) LOD (36/DNB) BWPR (43/DNB) BWPR (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Raj (Noushehra) Raj TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wali) (Dittu MUZF Wala) (Essan K G D Khan) Dad (Wali K G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Have drinking water Have toilets and hand wash area
Washing Area in School
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Status of Common Diseases
Status of Common Diseases in 25 Villages 100
90
80
70
60
50 Percentage 40
30
20
10
0
Khanewal (5 Kassi) (5 Khanewal Dhunyawala) (Chah Khanewal Ghagra) (Chak Multan nagar) (Mansoor Multan Wala) (Swai Bahawalnagar Wali) (Mahaar Bhawalnagar Hassuwala) (Chah Lodhran Wayne) (Adam Lodhran (Thadatheme) Lodhran (36/DNB) Bahawalpur (43/DNB) Bahawalpur (124/P) RYK (131/P) RYK (192/P) RYK Naseer) (Kotla Rajanpur (Noushehra) Rajanpur TDA) B (150 Layyah Wegg) (Basti Layyah TDA) (157 Layyah TDA) (138 Layyah Wali) (Dittu Muzaffargarh Wala) (Essan Khan G D Dad Khan) (Wali Khan G D (15-WB) Vehari (57-WB) Vehari
Hepatitis B ,C Malaria Gastro Typhoid Vilages
Common Diseases
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ANNEXURE Q: LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED DURING ESMF STUDY
Sr.# Name of Official Name of Designation of Official Organization/Department
1. Tariq Ghahlan PHED Deputy Director-Community Development Unit
2. Rabia Kausar CDO-Multan
3. Muhammad Imran CDO-Lodhran
4. Muhammad Amjad CDO-Khanewal
5. Naeem Ahmad CDO-Vehari
6. Saadia Yasmeen CDO-Bahawalpur
7. Aamir Naveed CDOR.Y.Khan
8. Saad Ahmad CDO-D.G.Khan
9. Maqbool Ahmad CDO-Muzaffargarh
10. Muhammad Zeeshan CDO-Rajanpur
11. Abdul Ghafour CDO-Layyah
12. Nadeem Ishaq CDO-Bahawalnagr
13. Babar Saleem Village Organizations Chairman 5-Kassi Khanewal
14 M.Ishaq Buzdar Kotla Naseer-Rajanpur
15 Fida Hussain Khan 138-TDA-Layyah
16 M.Sultan Chairman Dittu Wali-Muzaffargarh
17 Shah Ali Bhatti Chairman Swai Wala Bahawalnagar
18 M.Tahir Chairman Union Council Swai Wala
19 Ghulam Qadar Chairman Maharwala Bahawalnagar
20 Shah Ali Bhatti Chairman-131 P RYK
21 M.Tahir Chairman Union Council Swai Wala
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22 Ghulam Qadar Chairman Maharwala Bahawalnagar
23 Muhammad Afzal Chairman-131 P RYK
24 Muhammad Tallat Chairman 15-WB
25 M.Jamil Chairman 36/DNB Bahawalpur
26 Ch.Rashid Mukhtar USAID Consultant USAID Program – Bahawalpur
27 Muhammad Imran Plan International WASH Coordinator
28
Muhammad Amjad Cebcon Pvt. Limited Consultant Cebcon Pvt.limited,Bahawalpur
27 Khaid Mahmud Punjab EPD Inspector Env RYK
28 Muhammad Rafique DO Env ,Lodhran
29 Muhammad Younis Zahid DO Env
30 Muhammad Zahid DO Env-Multan
31 Naseem Shah Director EIA
32 Javed Akhtar Punjab Saaf Pani Company Manager-Social Mobilization
33 Hafiz Muhammad Awais South Punjab Forest Company Director Projects
Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.296
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Annexures
ANNEXURE R1: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HIUSEHOLDS BY SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER BY DISTRICT78
Name of Tap Hand Motor Dug Tap water Others Total Rank District Water Pump Pump Well (2012-2013) Vehari 11 20 66 0 3 100 19.0 11 Urban 29 0 61 0 11 100 Rural 7 24 67 0 1 100 Multan 10 21 63 0 7 100 20 13 Urban 19 1 70 0 10 100 Rural 4 33 58 0 4 100 Lodhran 22 25 49 0 4 100 9.0 16 Urban 19 1 64 0 16 100 Rural 22 30 46 0 2 100 Khanewal 3 27 68 0 2 100 33.0 3 Urban 2 12 79 0 7 100 Rural 3 31 66 0 0 100 DG Khan 26 48 17 1 9 100 8.0 26 Urban 59 5 18 0 17 100 Rural 50 55 17 1 8 100 Rajanpur 12 61 12 4 11 100 18.0 11 Urban 27 20 44 2 8 100 Rural 9 69 6 5 12 100 Layyah 6 58 35 0 0 100 25.0 7 Urban 28 25 47 0 0 100 Rural 2 65 33 0 0 100 Muzaffarga 1 72 25 0 1 100 36.0 3 rh 5 30 60 0 5 100 Urban 1 78 21 0 0 100 Rural Bahawalpu 14 40 42 0 4 100 16.0 16 r 12 7 72 0 10 100 Urban 15 53 31 0 1 100 Rural Bahawalna 35 41 18 1 6 100 2.0 42 gar 62 12 18 1 7 100 Urban 27 48 18 1 6 100 Rural
RYK 5 64 26 0 5 100 30.0 13 Urban 11 33 36 0 19 100 Rural 3 71 24 0 2 100
78. PSLM 2014-15 Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.297
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) Annexures
ANNEXURE R2: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HIUSEHOLDS BY TYPE OF TOILETS IN PSNIP DISTRICTS79
FLUSH NON- FLUSH NO TOILET FLUSH Rank 2012- District U80 R81 T82 U R T U R T 2013
Vehari 99 55 62 1 15 12 0 31 25 29 60
Multan 98 59 75 1 17 11 1 23 14 22 76
Lodhran 95 42 50 0 27 23 5 31 27 33 61
Khanewal 93 62 68 4 17 14 3 21 17 26 60 DG Khan 100 45 53 0 9 8 0 46 39 32 43 Rajanpur 100 40 50 1 1 59 49 34 53
Layyah 98 72 76 0 6 5 2 22 19 20 73 Muzaffargarh 92 42 48 6 24 21 2 35 31 35 59 Bahawalpur 96 60 70 1 0 1 3 40 29 24 66 Bahawalnagar 98 62 70 0 2 2 2 36 29 25 67
RYK 94 56 64 0 4 3 6 40 33 28 63
79 . PSLM 2014-15 80 .U=Urban 81. R=Rural 82 .T=Total Punjab Sanitation and Nutrition Improvement Project (PNSIP) Page No.298