Paternalism and Democracy in the Politics of Robert Owen*
GREGORY CLAEYS PATERNALISM AND DEMOCRACY IN THE POLITICS OF ROBERT OWEN* Popular conceptions of the politics of Robert Owen have changed sur- prisingly little since the early nineteenth century. Within a short time of the advent of his national campaign for Poor Law reform, Owen came under attack from radical parliamentary reformers on the grounds of his ostensible political conservatism. Among the rumours then afloat among the reformers, Richard Carlile later wrote, one was "that Mr. Owen was an instrument of the Government, to bring forward this plan of providing for the lower and poorer classes, for the purpose of drawing their attention from Parliamentary Reform".1 W. T. Sherwin, writing in April 1817, was more direct in advising his readers. Owen's scheme of "new fashioned poor houses" was "calculated to deprive you of your political rights, in every sense of the word". His educational plans would merely produce more loyal subjects of the Empire, "debarred from the enjoyment of the Rights of Man".2 In his Black Dwarf, T. J. Wooler accused Owen of wanting to set up "pauper barracks", whose inhabitants "shall be reduced to mere automata, and all their feelings, passions and opinions are to be subjected to certain rules, which Mr. Owen, the tutelary deity of these novel elysiums, will lay down". William Cobbett's abrasive comments on the "parallelo- grams of paupers" are too well-known to bear repetition.3 These views of Owen's political intentions might have been of only antiquarian interest, had they not also come to dominate scholarly opinion * I would like to thank the Editors of this journal for their comments on an earlier draft of this article, and the Managers of the Research Centre, King's College, Cambridge, for their assistance in funding my research.
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