The Future of Afghanistan
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Afghanistan, 1989-1996: Between the Soviets and the Taliban
Afghanistan, 1989-1996: Between the Soviets and the Taliban A thesis submitted to the Miami University Honors Program in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for University Honors with Distinction by, Brandon Smith May 2005 Oxford, OH ABSTRACT AFGHANISTAN, 1989-1996: BETWEEN THE SOVIETS AND THE TALIBAN by, BRANDON SMITH This paper examines why the Afghan resistance fighters from the war against the Soviets, the mujahideen, were unable to establish a government in the time period between the withdrawal of the Soviet army from Afghanistan in 1989 and the consolidation of power by the Taliban in 1996. A number of conflicting explanations exist regarding Afghanistan’s instability during this time period. This paper argues that the developments in Afghanistan from 1989 to 1996 can be linked to the influence of actors outside Afghanistan, but not to the extent that the choices and actions of individual actors can be overlooked or ignored. Further, the choices and actions of individual actors need not be explained in terms of ancient animosities or historic tendencies, but rather were calculated moves to secure power. In support of this argument, international, national, and individual level factors are examined. ii Afghanistan, 1989-1996: Between the Soviets and the Taliban by, Brandon Smith Approved by: _________________________, Advisor Karen L. Dawisha _________________________, Reader John M. Rothgeb, Jr. _________________________, Reader Homayun Sidky Accepted by: ________________________, Director, University Honors Program iii Thanks to Karen Dawisha for her guidance and willingness to help on her year off, and to John Rothgeb and Homayun Sidky for taking the time to read the final draft and offer their feedback. -
Reconfiguring a Region
RECONFIGURING A REGION Opportunities and Challenges in the Middle East Hosted by the Council on Middle East Studies at the MacMillan Center at Yale University September 26‐27, 2008 Luce Hall Auditorium, 34 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT Friday, September 26 1:00 pm Opening Remarks and Overview Marcia Inhorn William K. Lanman Jr. Professor of Anthropology and International Affairs Chair of the Council of Middle East Studies (CMES) at the MacMillan Center 1:30 pm Peacemaking in the 21st Century: have the terms changed? Shibley Telhami Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development, University of Maryland and Senior Fellow, Saban Center at the Brookings Institution Daoud Kuttab Award winning Palestinian journalist, former Ferris professor of journalism at Princeton University and Executive Director of the Community Media Network. Avi Shlaim Professor of International Relations, University of Oxford, and Fellow, St. Antony’s College Moderator: Asli Bali, Assistant Professor, University of California Los Angeles School of Law and Research Affiliate, Yale University Law School 3:30 pm Testing the Grounds for East‐West Relations: LeBanon and Syria in Flux Paul Salem Director, Middle East Center, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Murhaf Jouejati Professor of Middle East Studies, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University and Adjunct Scholar, Middle East Institute Marwan Khawaja Director, Center for Research on Population and Health, American University in Beirut Moderator: Sulayman Dib‐Hajj, Research -
Afghan Force Development
The Center for Strategic and International Studies Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy 1800 K Street, NW • Suite 400 • Washington, DC 20006 Phone: +1-202-775-3270 • Fax: +1-202-457-8746 Web: www.csis.org/burke Winning in Afghanistan: Afghan Force Development Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair Revised: December 14, 2006 Introduction ! This briefing is based on a trip to Afghanistan in November 2006. ! Most of the material is adapted, or taken directly, from expert briefings provided on an unclassified level. The opinions are the author’s. ! The rise in threat activity is serious, but must be kept in context. ! The challenges to be overcome a far less serious than in Iraq. ! The US and NATO scored important victories in 2006. ! The Bush Administration is already considering major increases in military and economic aid and limited increases in US forces. ! NATO commanders understand the problems and weaknesses in current NATO forces and rules of engagement, and are seeking to overcome them. 2 !"#$%&&'()*+(,-./)(0).-123.4(),5../6(3257(8/95): !;<(=53/6(56/5) !;<(><5)3.-7/?(@57A.<>B/A !C<D7364(A-E-A/A(F4(32/(G-7AD(HD)2(I<D735-7( J571/ !G5)(5(><,K5653-E/.4(L/63-./(56/5(-7(32/(7<632 !M./E53-<7(L6<,(&###N 3<($&%###N 5F<E/()/5(./E/. !C5K-35.(<L(H5FD.(-)(53(O###N 57A(-)(-7(5(E5../4 3 The Challenge of Afghanistan vs. Iraq AFGHANISTAN ! Land Mass – 647,500 sq km ! Population – 31,056,947 people ! Land locked, primarily agrarian AFGHANISTAN economy ! Lacks both transportation and TOTAL US AND COALITION FORCES information infrastructure ~32,000 ! Restrictive terrain dominates the country IRAQ ! Land Mass – 432,162 sq km ! Population – 26,783,383 people ! Economy dominated by the oil sector and fertile river valleys ! Comparatively developed transportation and information infrastructure IRAQ TOTAL US AND COALITION FORCES ~162,000 4 Key Trends ! Development of effective government and economy will take at least 5-10 years; no instant success is possible. -
Conflict in Afghanistan I
Conflict in Afghanistan I 92 Number 880 December 2010 Volume Volume 92 Number 880 December 2010 Volume 92 Number 880 December 2010 Part 1: Socio-political and humanitarian environment Interview with Dr Sima Samar Chairperson of the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission Afghanistan: an historical and geographical appraisal William Maley Dynamic interplay between religion and armed conflict in Afghanistan Ken Guest Transnational Islamic networks Imtiaz Gul Impunity and insurgency: a deadly combination in Afghanistan Norah Niland The right to counsel as a safeguard of justice in Afghanistan: the contribution of the International Legal Foundation Jennifer Smith, Natalie Rea, and Shabir Ahmad Kamawal State-building in Afghanistan: a case showing the limits? Lucy Morgan Edwards The future of Afghanistan: an Afghan responsibility Conflict I in Afghanistan Taiba Rahim Humanitarian debate: Law, policy, action www.icrc.org/eng/review Conflict in Cambridge Journals Online For further information about this journal please go to the journal web site at: ISSN 1816-3831 http://www.journals.cambridge.org/irc Afghanistan I Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief: Vincent Bernard The Review is printed in English and is Editorial assistant: Michael Siegrist published four times a year, in March, Publication assistant: June, September and December. Claire Franc Abbas Annual selections of articles are also International Review of the Red Cross published on a regional level in Arabic, Aim and scope 19, Avenue de la Paix Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish. The International Review of the Red Cross is a periodical CH - 1202 Geneva, Switzerland published by the ICRC. Its aim is to promote reflection on t +41 22 734 60 01 Published in association with humanitarian law, policy and action in armed conflict and f +41 22 733 20 57 Cambridge University Press. -
The Fragmentation of Afghan
The Fragmentation of Afghanistan: State Formation and Collapse in the Int... http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/resources/transcripts/140.html/:pf_printable? The Fragmentation of Afghanistan: State Formation and Collapse in the International System Barnett Rubin , Joanne J. Myers June 25, 2002 Introduction Remarks Questions and Answers Introduction JOANNE MYERS: On behalf of the Carnegie Council, I would like to welcome members and guests to our Author in the Afternoon. We're extremely pleased to have with us Barnett Rubin, author of The Fragmentation of Afghanistan. The Fragmentation of Afghanistan When I first began to plan the programs for last fall, it would have been unimaginable to predict the nature of the journeys taken since that time. As this year comes to a close, it seems appropriate that our last program before we adjourn for the summer should focus on Afghanistan. After all, it is the country where years of misrule and abuse of power provided the fertile ground from which the terrorists were able to prepare and plan the horrifying attacks of last fall. September 11th was a defining moment for all of us, and the war on terrorism which followed dramatically influenced our planning for this year's programs. Nine months have passed since that time, but nowhere in the world has a country been changed more than Afghanistan. Although Afghanistan appears to be moving in a better direction, the task of rebuilding this country is far from complete. As we struggle to understand the events taking place there today, it is instructive to examine this nation's history in the hope that we will learn from our past mistakes and be able to participate more constructively in its future. -
“It Is Not Charity, It Is a Chair of Power” - Moving Beyond Symbolic Representation in Afghanistan’S Transition Politics?
“It is not Charity, it is a Chair of Power” - Moving Beyond Symbolic Representation in Afghanistan’s Transition Politics? Andrea Fleschenberg Research Study Publication Series “Reviewing Gender Quotas in Afghanistan and Pakistan” 2016 “It is not Charity, it is a Chair of Power”1- Moving Beyond Symbolic Representation in Afghanistan’s Transition Politics? Research Study Publication Series “Reviewing Gender Quotas in Afghanistan and Pakistan” 2016 Andrea Fleschenberg 1 “It is not charity, it is a chair of power and when you are there, you have to get tough with all the vulnerability you face” (interview with MP Farkhunda Zahra Naderi, Kabul, April 2015). The Heinrich Böll Stiftung is a German foundation and part of the Green political movement that has developed worldwide as a response to the traditional politics of socialism, liberalism, and conservatism. Our main tenets are ecology and sustainability, democracy and human rights, self-determination and justice. We place particular emphasis on gender democracy, meaning social emancipation and equal rights for women and men. We are also committed to equal rights for cultural and ethnic minorities. Finally, we promote non-violence and proactive peace policies. To achieve our goals, we seek strategic partnerships with others who share our values. Our namesake, Heinrich Böll, personifies the values we stand for: protection of freedom, civic courage, tolerance, open debate, and the valuation of art and culture as independent spheres of thought and action. For further information on our country programs in Afghanistan and Pakistan please visit our websites: www.af.boell.org www.pk.boell.org Disclaimer: This comparative action research project and its publication series were prepared with the support of the Heinrich Böll Stiftung, Afghanistan office. -
Safeguarding Women's Rights in Afghanistan
153 Oxfam Briefing Paper 3 October 2011 A place at the table Safeguarding women‟s rights in Afghanistan www.oxfam.org Participants from the Women for Women programme, Afghanistan. © Women for Women International. Women in Afghanistan have achieved real progress in areas such as political participation, the rule of law, and education since 2001, but these hard-won gains remain fragile. With the imminent withdrawal of international forces, there is a risk that the government may sacrifice women’s rights in order to secure a political deal with the Taliban and other armed opposition groups. The government and its international partners must do much more to support Afghan women’s efforts and uphold their rights while ensuring that women have a strong voice in any future negotiations and political settlements. Summary ‘Women want peace but not at the cost of losing our freedom again.’ Noorjahan Akbar, co-founder of Young Women for Change.1 Ten years on from the start of the Western intervention in Afghani- stan, Afghan women are facing an uncertain future. Women have strived for and made important gains since the fall of the Taliban in 2001, including in political participation and access to education, but these gains are fragile and reversible. The precarious situation for Afghan women is set against a backdrop of spreading insecurity across Afghanistan. Civilian casualties are in- creasing, with May 2011 the deadliest month of the war for civilians since 2007.2 As security deteriorates across the country, violence against women is also on the rise. Both the Afghan and US governments are attempting to engage in parallel talks with the Taliban to reach a political solution to the con- flict before international military forces withdraw by the end of 2014. -
Appraisal of Extended Rule of Law Project in Faryab, Afghanistan
Norad Report 19/2010 Discussion Appraisal of Extended Rule of Law Project in Faryab, Afghanistan Foto: Ken Opprann Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation P.O. Box 8034 Dep, NO-0030 OSLO Ruseløkkveien 26, Oslo, Norway Phone: +47 22 24 20 30 Fax: +47 22 24 20 31 ISBN 978-82-7548-521-0 ISSN 1502-2528 Responsibility for the contents and presentation of findings and recommendations rests with the study team. The views and opinions expressed in the report do not necessarily correspond with those of Norad. APPRAISAL OF EXTENDED RULE OF LAW PROJECT IN FARYAB, AFGHANISTAN Conducted by Senior Advisor Petter Bauck Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) in cooperation with Researcher Torunn Wimpelmann Chaudhary Researcher Orzala Ashraf Nemat Senior Researcher Arne Strand Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) October 2010 1 ”My sons and successors should not try to introduce reforms of any kind in such a hurry as to set the people against their ruler, and they must bear in mind that in establishing a Constitutional Government, introducing more lenient laws, and modelling education upon the system of Western universities, they must adopt all these gradually as the people become accustomed to the idea of modern innovations, so that they will not abuse the privileges and reforms given to them.” 1 1 Quoted in KHAN, M. M. S. M. (Ed.) (1980) The Life of Abdur Rahman, Amir of Afghanistan Volume 2, Karachi Oxford University Press. P. 9 2 CONTENT CONTENT ............................................................................................................................................. -
Afghanistan: State and Society, Great Power Politics, and the Way Ahead Findings from an International Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2007
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public CHILD POLICY service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and effective PUBLIC SAFETY solutions that address the challenges facing the public SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation conference proceedings series. RAND conference proceedings present a collection of papers delivered at a conference. The papers herein have been commented on by the conference attendees and both the in- troduction and collection itself have been reviewed and approved by RAND Science and Technology. -
Nepali Women Nepali Women
her-047 Fall 2009 v23n2.qxp 9/11/09 12:04 PM Page C1 PINK PANTY THE WOMEN’S FALL OF PROTEST MOVEMENT PATRIARCHY INDIA PUB ATTACK IS THERE ROOM ANGERS WOMEN FOR MEN? IMMINENT WOMEN’S NEWS & FEMINIST VIEWS Fall 2009 Vol. 23 No. 2 Made in Canada AFGHANAFGHAN WOMENWOMEN STAND STRONG AGAINST SHIA LALAWW NEPALINEPALI WOMENWOMEN FIGHTFIGHT FORFOR CONSTITUTIONALCONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTSRIGHTS $6.75 Canada/US Publications Mail Agreement No. 40008866; PAP Registration No. 07944 Return Undeliverable Addresses to: PO Box 128, Winnipeg, MB R3C 2G1 Canada Display until December 15, 2009 her-047 Fall 2009 v23n2.qxp 9/10/09 1:03 PM Page C2 Joss Maclennan Design, CEP Local 591-G Joss Maclennan Design, CEP Local 591-G CAWCAW womenwomen WeWe marchmarch forfor equality. equality. WeWe speakspeak outout for for justice. justice. We fight for change. We fight for change. For more information on women’s Forissues more and information rights please on visit women’s issueswww.caw.ca/women and rights please visit www.caw.ca/women CAW Full Sum-09.indd 1 28/05/09 5:19 PM her-047 Fall 2009 v23n2.qxp 9/11/09 12:05 PM Page 1 FALL 2009 / VOLUME 23 NO. 2 news THE MOTHER OF ALL MUSEUMS 6 by Janet Nicol TEL AVIV SHOOTING IGNITES GAY RIGHTS 7 by Idit Cohen TIANANMEN MOTHERS REFUSE TO FORGET 22: Yvette Nolan 8 by Janet Nicol NEPALI WOMEN DEMAND EQUALITY 9 by Chelsea Jones 12 CAMPAIGN UPDATES PARENTING BILL WOULD ERODE RIGHTS 13 by Pamela Cross features IS FEMINISM MEN’S WORK, TOO? 16 It’s not called the women’s movement for nothing. -
Liberties a History of Human Rights in Canada
TAKING LIBERTIES A HISTORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN CANADA Edited by David Goutor and Stephen Heathorn OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries. Published in Canada by Oxford University Press 8 Sampson Mews, Suite 204, Don Mills, Ontario M3C 0H5 Canada www.oupcanada.com Copyright © David Goutor and Stephen Heathorn 2013 Contributors retain copyright for their contributions The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Permissions Department at the address above or through the following url: www.oupcanada.com/permission/permission_request.php Every effort has been made to determine and contact copyright holders. In the case of any omissions, the publisher will be pleased to make suitable acknowledgement in future editions. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Taking liberties : a history of human rights in Canada / edited by David Goutor and Stephen Heathorn. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-900479-9 (bound) 1. -
From Hidden Struggles Towards Political Participation
From hidden struggles towards political participation Afghan women’s perspectives on peace and security beyond transition The Heinrich Böll Stiftung (hbs) is a German foundation and part of the Green political movement that has developed worldwide as a response to the traditional politics of socialism, liberalism, and conservatism. Our main tenets are ecology and sustainability, democracy and human rights, self-determination and justice. We place particular emphasis on gender democracy, meaning social emancipation and equal rights for women and men. We are also committed to equal rights for cultural and ethnic minorities. Finally, we promote non-violence and proactive peace policies. In Afghanistan we have established our work since 2003 and are currently focusing on the fields of democracy, ecology as well as peace and security policies. For detailed information on our work and our partners in Afghanistan, please visit: www.af.boell.org, to contact us please write to [email protected]. Rahe Madanyat (Civilization Way Weekly Magazine) is a non- partisan and independent weekly magazine established in 2012 by a group of young talented journalists, writers and university lecturers in Afghanistan. The magazine aims to promote rule of law, citizen’s rights, civilized values and social relations and concentrates on gender equality and social acceptance of women. Rahe Madanyat has been working with the Heinrich Böll Stiftung since mid 2012 and has become well known throughout Afghanistan for the project of publishing portraits of women and their role in strengthening peace and security in Afghanistan. For more information visit http://www. rahemadanyat.com or contact at [email protected].