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The Assassination of Hrant Dink from the Perspective of Armenian Youth in Turkey: a Time of Trauma Or Solidarity?

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The Assassination of Hrant Dink from the Perspective of Armenian Youth in Turkey: a Time of Trauma Or Solidarity? THE ASSASSINATION OF HRANT DINK FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ARMENIAN YOUTH IN TURKEY: A TIME OF TRAUMA OR SOLIDARITY? by Arzum Kop şa Submitted to the Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Conflict Analysis and Resolution Sabancı University Spring 2008 THE ASSASSINATION OF HRANT DINK FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ARMENIAN YOUTH IN TURKEY: A TIME OF TRAUMA OR SOLIDARITY? APPROVED BY: Dr. Riva Kantowitz …………………………. (Thesis Supervisor) Dr. Ay şe Betül Çelik …………………………. Dr. Leyla Neyzi …………………………. DATE OF APPROVAL: …………………………. © Arzum Kop şa 2008 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is the product of my tough and beautiful M.A. journey in Sabancı University, and now it is time to thank the people who never left me alone in this journey. First, I was so lucky to have a super supervisor like you Dr. Riva Kantowitz. The first time I explained my idea about writing a thesis on the assassination of Hrant Dink, it was your encouragement which made me believe in my ability to accomplish such a study. Throughout all the process, whenever I lost, you were there to illuminate my path and give great ideas. It has been a pleasure to work with you. Thanks for your unending support and care... I also need to thank dear Dr. Ay şe Betül Çelik and Dr. Leyla Neyzi, who put up with my questions and provided helpful comments regarding my thesis. It has been a privilege to have you in my committee… How can I even forget my best friend who always kept me awake, and motivated me effectively with her fascinating voice and acting! You, Miss Asilo ğlu, will be a great star one day, and I will be there to applaud you with all my heart... Special thanks go to Ankara. The kilometers between us didn’t mean anything, did it Nilüfer’cim? You were always by my side. Next year, I will be in Ankara to give big kisses and hugs in your graduation ceremony. Don’t forget that you are an Aquarius; so impossible is nothing… Also, my unique friends and co-fighters from Bilgi University… Esin and her morning messages... Esra and her perfectly motivating attitudes and advices… Onur and his pokes, statuses and missed-calls... I love you all… iv Where is my hero? Mr. Halepliler, you helped me a lot when I was arranging the contacts for the interviews. Thanks for your support… Thanks for your infinite patience for the times we couldn’t see each other… And thanks for all the love you gave me… Yours ‘kiddy’ is now graduating with this thesis. And… The last words of these lines are for the most special person in my life… My guardian angel… My inspiration… My mom… You are the person who always encouraged me and helped me make good decisions. I couldn’t overcome any difficulty if you were not there. You are my everything... I love you Semo ş… And yes, this degree is for you… v Annem Taliha Semra Kır’a… vi ABSTRACT THE ASSASSINATION OF HRANT DINK FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ARMENIAN YOUTH IN TURKEY: A TIME OF TRAUMA OR SOLIDARITY? Program of Conflict Analysis and Resolution, M.A. Thesis, 2008 Supervisor: Dr. Riva Kantowitz Keywords: Turkish-Armenian conflict, assassination of Hrant Dink, protracted social conflicts (PSCs), trauma, intergenerational transmission of trauma, narratives. The 1915 conflict between Turkey and Armenia resulting in a contested genocide has produced a vigorous public debate and an extensive body of literature. The assassination of Hrant Dink, a highly regarded Armenian journalist living in Istanbul, is a significant dynamic within the Armenian issue. While the assassination flamed the debates on the genocide claims and the Turkish-Armenian conflict, the funeral ceremony of Hrant Dink reflected the common reaction of Turks and Armenian citizens against the murder, and an outpouring solidarity between them. With all these characteristics, the assassination of Hrant Dink poses an important opportunity for the study of such critical events and their impacts on ongoing ethnic conflict. This research is designed to explore the psychological effects of Hrant Dink’s assassination on the Turkish Armenian youth living in Istanbul. Specifically, the study analyzes how the murder influenced these young people’s images towards Turks, and approaches to the Turkish - Armenian conflict and its resolution. The in-depth interviews which are conducted with twenty young Turkish Armenian people, who are selected via using snowball technique, provided the main data of this research. The content analysis was used as the basic methodology for the data analysis. vii ÖZET TÜRK İYE’DE YA ŞAYAN ERMEN İ GENÇL İĞİ NİN BAKIŞ AÇISINDAN HRANT DİNK SU İKASTI: YEN İ B İR TRAVMA YA DA DAYANI ŞMA ZAMANI? Uyu şmazlık Analizi ve Çözümü Programı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2008 Danı şman: Dr. Riva Kantowitz Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk-Ermeni çatı şması, Hrant Dink suikastı, uzun süren sosyal uyu şmazlıklar (PSCs), travma, gençlik, ve hikayeler. Türkiye ve Ermenistan arasında tartı şmalı soykırım iddialarına yol açan 1915 olayları şiddetli bir kamuoyu tartı şması ve önemli miktarda yazılı çalı şma yaratmı ştır. İstanbul’da ya şayan ve saygın bir Ermeni gazeteci olan Hrant Dink’in suikastı ise bu Ermeni meselesi içinde önemli bir dinamiktir. Suikast, soykırım ve Türk-Ermeni çatı şması hakkındaki tartı şmaları alevlendirirken, cenaze töreni ise Türk ve Ermeni vatandaşlar arasında cinayete kar şı gösterilen ortak tepkiyi ve dayanı şma duygusunu yansıtmı ştır. Tüm bu özellikleriyle Hrant Dink suikastı, bu tip kritik önem ta şıyan olayları ve bu olayların süregelen etnik çatı şma üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmek için önemli bir çalı şma zemini olu şturmu ştur. Bu ara ştırma; Hrant Dink cinayetinin İstanbul’da ya şayan Ermeni gençli ği üzerindeki psikolojik etkilerini incelemektedir. Spesifik olarak, suikastın bu gençlerin zihinlerindeki Türk imajını ve Ermeni meselesine ve çözümüne dair olan yakla şımlarını nasıl etkiledi ği irdelenmektedir. ‘Kartopu’ tekni ği kullanılarak seçilen yirmi Türk Ermeni genciyle yapılan derinlemesine görü şmeler bu ara ştırmanın temel verisini olu şturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde ise içerik analizi temel yöntem olarak kullanılmı ştır. viii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………..... iv ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………......... vii ÖZET…………………………………………………………………………………….. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………......... ix LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………........ xii LIST OF GRAPHICS…………………………………………………………………....xiii LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………. xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................1 1.1. Aim of the Study………………………………………………………………………..1 1.2. Significance of the Study…………………………………………………………….…3 1.3. Outline of the Study………………………………………………………………….…4 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………...6 2.2. Research Questions……………………………………………………………………..7 2.3. Qualitative and Exploratory Nature of the Study…………………………………….....8 2.4. Research Design…………………………………………………………………….....10 2.4.1. Research Instrument: Interviews………………………………………….....10 2.4.1.1 The Contribution of Narratives and Narrative Interviewing to the Research……………………….…....12 2.4.1.2. Pilot Study………………………………………………………....14 2.4.1.3. Interview Guide…………………………………………………....15 2.4.2. Research Sample…………………………………………………………….16 2.4.2.1. Sampling Technique………………………………………….........16 2.4.2.2. Unit of Analysis……………………………………………………17 2.4.3. Methods for Analysis………………………………………………………..19 ix 2.5. Methodological Caveats and Limitations……………………………………………...21 CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY………………...23 3.1 Overview of Protracted Social Conflicts (PSCs)…………………………………........24 3.1.1 Basic Definitions of Protracted Social Conflicts……………………………..24 3.1.2 Characteristics of Protracted Social Conflicts………………………………..25 3.1.2.1 Context……………………………………………………………...27 3.1.2.2 Issues …………………………………………………………........28 3.1.2.3 Processes …………………………………………………………...29 3.1.2.4 Relationship between adversaries…………………………………..30 3.1.2.5 Outcomes…………………………………………………………...31 3.2 Trauma……………………………………………………………………………........32 3.2.1 Trauma and Traumatic Events: Basic Definitions…………………………...32 3.2.2 Chosen Trauma, Its Transmission and Remembering………………………..33 3.3 Inter-Group Dialogue: A Step towards a Resolution in Protracted Social Conflicts..............................................................................................35 3.3.1 Basic Definition and the Importance of Dialogue in PSCs…………………..36 3.3.2 The Frame of the Dialogue…………………………………………………...37 3.3.3 The Youth as the Target of the Dialogue…………………………………….40 3.3.3.1 A Definition of Youth?......................................................................40 3.3.3.2 The Importance of Youth in Conflict and Dialogue…………..........41 3.4 Summary and Conclusion……………………………………………………………...42 CHAPTER 4: THE GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE ARMENIAN ISSUE….........44 4.1. Brief History of the Turkish-Armenian Conflict……………………………………...45 4.1.1 Who is Hrant Dink?..........................................................................................49 4.2. Defining the Armenian Issue as a Protracted Social Conflict…………………………54 4.3 . Summary and Conclusion……………………………………………………………..57 CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS……………………………………………...59 5.1 Analysis on Family History Stories………………………………………………........60 x 5.2 Analysis on Childhood…………………………………………………………………65 5.3 Analysis on Hrant Dink Assassination…………………………………………………70 5.3.1 Perceptions towards Hrant Dink……………………………………………...71 5.3.2 Perceptions towards the Assassination………………………………….........71
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