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Heirs to World Culture DEF1.Indd 1 22-11-11 09:04 HEIRS to WORLD CULTURE Being Indonesian 1950-1965 Heirs to world culture Heirs to world culture Heirs to world culture Being Indonesian 1950-1965 This volume brings together new scholarship by Indonesian and non-Indonesian scholars on Indonesia’s cultural history from 1950-1965. During the new nation’s first decade and a half, Indonesia’s links with the world and its sense of nationhood were vigorously negotiated on the cultural front. Indonesia used cultural networks of the time, including those of the Cold War, to announce itself on the world stage. International links, post-colonial aspirations and nationalistic fervour interacted to produce a thriving cultural and intellectual life at home. Essays discuss the exchange of artists, intellectuals, writing and ideas between Indonesia and various countries; the development of cultural networks; and ways these networks interacted with and influenced cultural expression and discourse in Indonesia. Liem and Maya H.T. Edited by Jennifer Lindsay With contributions by Keith Foulcher, Liesbeth Dolk, Hairus Salim HS, Tony Day, Budiawan, Maya H.T. Liem, Jennifer Lindsay, Els Bogaerts, Melani Budianta, Choirotun Chisaan, I Nyoman Darma Putra, Barbara Hatley, Marije Plomp, Irawati Durban Ardjo, Rhoma Dwi Aria Yuliantri and Michael Bodden. From the reviews: ‘This book will become a founding publication of research on the cultural and social history of Soekarno’s Old Order. It will stimulate new research [...] and begins to fill in the gaps that have existed for the past half a century’, Laurie Sears. ‘[...] reveals the highly charged debates and conflicts over artistic practice in the newly independent Indonesian state during the Soekarno era in their infinite complexities’, Frances Gouda. Edited by Jennifer Lindsay and Maya H.T. Liem Heirs to world culture_DEF1.indd 1 22-11-11 09:04 HEIRS TO WORLD CULTURE VERHANDELINGEN VAN HET KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOOR TAAL-, LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE 274 HEIRS TO WORLD CULTURE Being Indonesian 1950-1965 Edited by jennifer lindsay and maya h.t. liem KITLV Press Leiden 2012 Published by: KITLV Press Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies) P.O. Box 9515 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands website: www.kitlv.nl e-mail: [email protected] KITLV is an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) Cover: Creja ontwerpen, Leiderdorp Cover photograph (front): Trisno Sumardjo 1952. Collection Pusat Dokumentasi H.B. Jassin. Cover photograph (back): Cultural Mission to Pakistan 1964. Col- lection Bulantrisna Djelantik. ISBN 978 90 6718 379 6 © 2012 Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde KITLV Press applies the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCom- mercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) to selected books, published in or after January 2011. Authors retain ownership of the copyright for their articles, but they permit anyone unrestricted use and distribution within the terms of this license. Printed editions manufactured in the Netherlands Contents contributors vii acknowledgements xiii notes on spelling xvii 1 heirs to world culture 1950-1965 an introduction 1 Jennifer Lindsay part 1 cultural traffic abroad 2 bringing the world back home cultural traffic in konfrontasi, 1954-1960 31 Keith Foulcher 3 an entangled affair sticusa and indonesia, 1948-1956 57 Liesbeth Dolk 4 indonesian muslims and cultural networks 75 Hairus Salim HS 5 honoured guests indonesian-american cultural traffic, 1953-1957 119 Tony Day 6 sibling tension and negotiation malay(sian) writer-political activists’ links and orientation to indonesia 143 Budiawan 7 a bridge to the outside world literary translation in indonesia, 1950-1965 163 Maya H.T. Liem 8 performing indonesia abroad 191 Jennifer Lindsay part 2 culture and the nation 9 ‘whither indonesian culture?’ rethinking ‘culture’ in indonesia in a time of decolonization 223 Els Bogaerts 10 malang mignon cultural expressions of the chinese, 1940-1960 255 Melani Budianta 11 in search of an indonesian islamic cultural identity, 1956-1965 283 Choirotun Chisaan 12 getting organized culture and nationalism in bali, 1959-1965 315 I Nyoman Darma Putra 13 creating culture for the new nation south sulawesi, 1950-1965 343 Barbara Hatley 14 the capital of pulp fiction and other capitals cultural life in medan, 1950-1958 371 Marije Plomp 15 new sundanese dance for new stages 397 Irawati Durban Ardjo 16 lekra and ensembles tracing the indonesian musical stage 421 Rhoma Dwi Aria Yuliantri 17 dynamics and tensions of lekra’s modern national theatre, 1959-1965 453 Michael Bodden notes on glossary 485 glossary 487 important dates 495 notes on indonesian journals and newspapers cited in this volume 501 index 507 Contributors Michael Bodden obtained his PhD at the University of Wisconsin- Madison Department of Comparative Literature in 1993. He has taught at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and at the Ateneo de Manila (Philippines), and since 1992 at the University of Victoria (Canada). He was Chair of the Department of Pacific and Asian Studies, University of Victoria, from 2002-2005. He has published widely on Indonesian and Philippine theatre, Indonesian litera- ture, and more recently, Indonesian popular culture. Els Bogaerts obtained MAs in Germanic Philology and Theatre Science (University of Antwerp, Belgium) and in Languages and Cultures of Southeast Asia and Oceania (Leiden University, the Netherlands). From 2002-2008 she co-ordinated the research pro- gramme ‘Indonesia across Orders; The reorganisation of Indo- nesian society, 1930-1960’, at the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation (NIOD). She is particularly interested in perform- ing arts, the effects of cultural encounters and in the interface between art and science. Currently she is conducting research into the representation of Javanese culture on Indonesian television. Melani Budianta is Professor of literature and cultural studies at the Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia, teaching multicul- turalism, literary theory and cultural studies. She has done research and published work on literature, gender and cultural identity. In 2010, she spent three months as a Visiting Senior Research Fel- low at the Asia Research Institute, NUS, during which she began to develop her chapter on Malang in this volume into a book cur- rently in the making entitled Transiting in Malang; Chinese Indone- sians (1940-1960). Budiawan is currently a member of the teaching staff at the Gradu- ate School in Media and Cultural Studies, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Between 2004-2010 he taught at the Graduate Program in Cultural and Religious Studies, Sanata Dharma University, Yogya- | Contributors karta. He obtained his PhD at the National University of Singapore in 2003. Choirotun Chisaan completed her undergraduate degree in 1997 at the Faculty of Syaria’ah, IAIN Sunan Kalijaga, and obtained her master’s in 2008 from the Department of Religious and Cultural Studies at Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. Currently, she is a researcher at the LKPSM-NU (Lembaga Kajian dan Pengemban- gan Sumberdaya Manusia-Nahdlatul Ulama or Institute for Study and Development of Human Resources of the Nahdlatul Ulama) in Yogyakarta and is Executive Director of LKP2 (Lembaga Kon- sultasi Pemberdayaan Perempuan or Institute for Consultation on Women’s Empowerment) at Pimpinan Wilayah Fatayat NU, Yogya- karta. From 2001-2005 she was Chair of Pimpinan Wilayah Fatayat of the Nahdatul Ulama in Yogyakarta. In 2005, she participated in the ASEAN Research Scholars Programme of the Asia Research Institute in Singapore. One of her recent publications is entitled Lesbumi, strategi politik kebudayaan (Yogyakarta: LKIS, 2008). I Nyoman Darma Putra teaches Indonesian literature at the Faculty of Arts at Udayana University in Bali. He is the author of several books in Indonesian on a variety of literary and cultural topics, including Tonggak baru sastra Bali modern (2000), Wanita Bali tempo doeloe perspektif masa kini (2003), and Bali dalam kuasa politik (2008). He was a postdoctoral research fellow at the School of Languages and Comparative Cultural Studies, University of Queensland, 2007- 2010, during which he published a number of journal articles. His dissertation, titled A literary mirror; Balinese reflections on modernity and identity in the twentieth century has been accepted for publication by KITLV. Tony Day taught Southeast Asian and Performance Studies at the University of Sydney, Australia, from 1978 to 1998. He has been a visiting fellow at the Humanities Research Centre of the Austra- lian National University and a fellow of the National Humanities Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Since moving to New Haven, CT, in 2005, he has been a visiting professor of history at Wesleyan University (2006-2010). His publications include Fluid iron; State formation in Southeast Asia (2002); Clearing a space; Postco- lonial readings of modern Indonesian literature (2002), co-edited with Keith Foulcher; and Identifying with freedom; Indonesia after Suharto, an edited collection of essays (2007). His edited volume with Maya H.T. Liem, Cultures at war; The Cold War and cultural expression in viii | Contributors  Southeast Asia was published by SEAP Publications, Cornell Univer- sity Press in 2010. Liesbeth Dolk obtained her PhD from Leiden University in 1993 with a thesis on Dutch-Indonesian cultural relations in the pre- and post-war period. She taught Dutch and Dutch
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