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Theosophy and the Origins of the Indian National Congress
THEOSOPHY AND THE ORIGINS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS By Mark Bevir Department of Political Science University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA [E-mail: [email protected]] ABSTRACT A study of the role of theosophy in the formation of the Indian National Congress enhances our understanding of the relationship between neo-Hinduism and political nationalism. Theosophy, and neo-Hinduism more generally, provided western-educated Hindus with a discourse within which to develop their political aspirations in a way that met western notions of legitimacy. It gave them confidence in themselves, experience of organisation, and clear intellectual commitments, and it brought them together with liberal Britons within an all-India framework. It provided the background against which A. O. Hume worked with younger nationalists to found the Congress. KEYWORDS: Blavatsky, Hinduism, A. O. Hume, India, nationalism, theosophy. 2 REFERENCES CITED Archives of the Theosophical Society, Theosophical Society, Adyar, Madras. Banerjea, Surendranath. 1925. A Nation in the Making: Being the Reminiscences of Fifty Years of Public Life . London: H. Milford. Bharati, A. 1970. "The Hindu Renaissance and Its Apologetic Patterns". In Journal of Asian Studies 29: 267-88. Blavatsky, H.P. 1888. The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion and Philosophy . 2 Vols. London: Theosophical Publishing House. ------ 1972. Isis Unveiled: A Master-Key to the Mysteries of Ancient and Modern Science and Theology . 2 Vols. Wheaton, Ill.: Theosophical Publishing House. ------ 1977. Collected Writings . 11 Vols. Ed. by Boris de Zirkoff. Wheaton, Ill.: Theosophical Publishing House. Campbell, B. 1980. Ancient Wisdom Revived: A History of the Theosophical Movement . Berkeley: University of California Press. -
Blavatsky the Satanist: Luciferianism in Theosophy, and Its Feminist Implications
Blavatsky the Satanist: Luciferianism in Theosophy, and its Feminist Implications PER FAXNELD Stockholm University Abstract H. P. Blavatsky’s influential The Secret Doctrine (1888), one of the foundation texts of Theosophy, contains chapters propagating an unembarrassed Satanism. Theosophical sympathy for the Devil also extended to the name of their journal Lucifer, and discussions conducted in it. To Blavatsky, Satan is a cultural hero akin to Pro- metheus. According to her reinterpretation of the Christian myth of the Fall in Genesis 3, Satan in the shape of the serpent brings gnosis and liberates mankind. The present article situates these ideas in a wider nineteenth-century context, where some poets and socialist thinkers held similar ideas and a counter-hegemonic reading of the Fall had far-reaching feminist implications. Additionally, influences on Blavatsky from French occultism and research on Gnosticism are discussed, and the instrumental value of Satanist shock tactics is con- sidered. The article concludes that esoteric ideas cannot be viewed in isolation from politics and the world at large. Rather, they should be analyzed both as part of a religious cosmology and as having strategic polemical and didactic functions related to political debates, or, at the very least, carrying potential entailments for the latter. Keywords: Theosophy, Blavatsky, Satanism, Feminism, Socialism, Ro- manticism. In September 1875, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–1891) co-founded the Theosophical society in New York City. Colonel Henry Steel Olcott (1832–1907), lawyer and journalist, was elected its first president. Blavatsky, however, became the chief ideologist, drawing authority from the com- munications concerning esoteric matters she claimed to receive from the mysterious ‘Mahatmas’ (or ‘Masters’). -
Chapter 16: Legends: Lemuria
Mount Shasta Annotated Bibliography Chapter 16 Legends: Lemuria The lowly primate, the lemur, was named after ancient Roman mythological ghosts called 'lemures.' According to the Oxford Classical Dictionary, 1970, there was a Roman festival called 'Lemuria.' But the modern name of 'Lemuria' was named for the mammal lemur. In the mid-19th Century paleontologists coined the term 'Lemuria' to describe a hypothetical continent, bridging the Indian Ocean, which would have explained the migration of lemurs from Madagascar to India. Lemuria was a continent which submerged and was no longer to be seen. By the late 19th Century occult theories had developed, mostly through the theosophists, that the people of this lost continent of Lemuria were highly advanced beings. The location of the folklore 'Lemuria' changed over time to include much of the Pacific Ocean. In the 1880s a Siskiyou County, California, resident named Frederick Spencer Oliver wrote A Dweller on Two Planets, or, the Dividing of the Way which described a secret city inside of Mt. Shasta, and in passing mentioned Lemuria. Edgar Lucian Larkin, a writer and astronomer, wrote in 1913 an article in which he reviewed the Oliver book. In 1925 a writer by the name of Selvius wrote "Descendants of Lemuria: A Description of an Ancient Cult in America" which was published in the Mystic Triangle, Aug., 1925 and which was entirely about the mystic Lemurian village at Mt. Shasta. Selvius reported that Larkin had seen the Lemurian village through a telescope. In 1931 Wishar Spenle Cervé published a widely read book entitled Lemuria: The Lost Continent of the Pacific in which the Selvius material appeared in a slightly elaborated fashion. -
Theosophy Is of the Devil by David J
Theosophy is of the Devil By David J. Stewart I could have just as easily saved this article under "New Age" or "Witchcraft," because there's not a dime's difference between the two. I saved it under "New Age" because the primary agenda of Theosophy is to further the New World Order, i.e., the Beast system of the coming Antichrist. The following historical information concerning Theosophy is a quote from Wikipedia.com... Photo to Right: Occultist and Satan worshipper, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky Theosophy, literally "god-wisdom" (Greek: θεοσοφία theosophia), designates several bodies of ideas. The 6th century neo-platonist Pseudo-Dionysius seems to have been the first philosopher the term applied to. There was a group of Renaissance philosophers: Cornelius Agrippa, Paracelsus, Robert Fludd, and, especially, Jacob Boehme; the Enlightenment theologian Emanuel Swedenborg was influenced by these. And finally, the word was revived in the nineteenth century by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky to designate her religious philosophy which holds that all religions are attempts by humanity to approach the absolute, and that each religion therefore has a portion of the truth. Together with Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge, and others, Blavatsky founded the Theosophical Society in 1875. This society has since split into a number of organizations, some of which no longer use the term "theosophy." SOURCE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophy Please notice that Helena Petrovna Blavatsky founded the Theosophical Society in 1875. Her most popular work was a two- volume book she wrote titled 'The Secret Doctrine,' in which she woefully states... "Lucifer represents.. Life. -
Imagining Macrohistory? Madame Blavatsky from Isis Unveiled (1877) to the Secret Doctrine (1888) Garry W
Imagining Macrohistory? Madame Blavatsky from Isis Unveiled (1877) to The Secret Doctrine (1888) Garry W. Trompf In Memoriam: Alfred John Cooper1 Introduction The term „macrohistory‟ denotes the envisaging and representation of the human past as a vast panorama, great movements of human activity held „in the mind‟s eye‟ or in a unitary vision. When such broad encompassments also incorporate the pre-human past and even the possible future of everything, then one may refer to cosmological macrohistory (or „cosmo-history‟), or, if the atmosphere of a mythos is strong, to a mythological macrohistory. Many will suspect that mental acts of encapsulation entailed in „doing macrohistory‟ are inevitably unreliable and methodologically inadmissible because the myriad facts to be embraced, both known and unknown, could never be accounted for in any one synoptic view. Certainly the macrohistorical visionary will have to resort to a picturing or imaging through some kind of model, paradigm or diagrammatic procedure, and in almost all cases, a species of meta-history (of a conceptual „framing‟ superimposed on data) will result. In the Judaeo- Christian-Islamic-Marxist trajectory of thought, four primary „idea-frames‟ of macrohistory have stood out. These are, first, progress, or the idea that past events show an overall improvement of things; second and contrarily, regress, the outlook that affairs have steadily worsened; third, recurrence, the apprehension that everything is basically repetitive (if not cyclical); and lastly, the view that nothing can be fully understood without a sense of an utterly final consummation, an eschaton (end) or apokatastasis (restoration of all things) or millennial „showdown‟, as against some limited telos. -
Theosophical Society Collection.Doc
Special Collections and Archives: Theosophical Society Collection This collection was transferred to the University of Sheffield Library’s Special Collections department from the National Centre for English Cultural Tradition in 2007, and comprises around 500 books relating to the topic of Theosophy, a doctrine of religious philosophy and metaphysics which developed in the late 19th century. A. E., 1867-1935 Collected poems ; by A. E.. - London : Macmillan, 1920. [v2613994] THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY COLLECTION 1 200351227 A. F. Leaves from a northern university ; by A. F.. - London : Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1926. [M0012686SH] THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY COLLECTION 2 200351228 Adams, W. Marsham The book of the master, or, The Egyptian doctrine of the light born of the virgin mother ; by W. Marsham Adams. - London : John Murray; New York : Putnam's, 1898. [M0012687SH] THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY COLLECTION 3 200351229 Adams, W. R. C. Coode A primer of occult physics ; by W. R. C. Coode Adams. - London : Theosophical Publishing House, 1927. [M0012688SH] THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY COLLECTION 4 200351230 Alcyone At the feet of the master ; by Alcyone (J. Krishnamurti). - English ed.. - London : Theosophical Publishing House, 1911. [M0012690SH] THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY COLLECTION 5 200351231 Ames, Alice C. Meditations ; by Alice C. Ames. - London : Theosophical Publishing Society, 1908. [M0012782SH] THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY COLLECTION 6 200351232 Ames, Alice C. Eternal consciousness, being Vol.II of "Meditations" ; by Alice C. Ames. - London : Theosophical Publishing -
Isis Unveiled, Volume 2 — H
ISIS UNVEILED: A MASTER-KEY TO THE MYSTERIES OF ANCIENT AND MODERN SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY H. P. BLAVATSKY CORRESPONDING SECRETARY OF THE THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY "Cecy est un livre de bonne Foy." — MONTAIGNE VOL. II. — THEOLOGY Blavatsky's first major work on theosophy, examining religion and science in the light of Western and Oriental ancient wisdom and occult and spiritualistic phenomena. Theosophical University Press Online Edition. Electronic version ISBN 1-55700-135-9. This edition may be downloaded for off-line viewing without charge. For ease of searching, no diacritical marks appear in the electronic version of the text. CONTENTS PREFACE (iii - iv) Mrs. Elizabeth Thompson and Baroness Burdett-Coutts. ————————— Volume Second: THE "INFALLIBILITY" OF MODERN RELIGION. CHAPTER 1: THE CHURCH: WHERE IS IT? (1-54) Church statistics / Catholic "miracles" and spiritualistic "phenomena" / Christian and Pagan beliefs compared / Magic and sorcery practised by Christian clergy / Comparative theology a new science / Eastern traditions as to Alexandrian Library / Roman pontiffs imitators of the Hindu Brahm-atma / Christian dogmas derived from heathen philosophy / Doctrine of the Trinity of Pagan origin / Disputes between Gnostics and Church Fathers / Bloody records of Christianity CHAPTER 2: CHRISTIAN CRIMES AND HEATHEN VIRTUES. (55-122) Sorceries of Catherine of Medicis / Occult arts practised by the clergy / Witch-burnings and auto-da-fe of little children / Lying Catholic saints / Pretensions of missionaries in India and China / Sacrilegious tricks of Catholic clergy / Paul a kabalist / Peter not the founder of Roman church / Strict lives of Pagan hierophants / High character of ancient "mysteries" / Jacolliot's account of Hindu fakirs / Christian symbolism derived from Phallic worship / Hindu doctrine of the Pitris / Brahminic spirit-communion / Dangers of untrained mediumship / CHAPTER 3: DIVISIONS AMONGST THE EARLY CHRISTIANS. -
Theosophy,” Forthcoming In: SAGE Encyclopedia of Sociology of Religion, Adam Possamai & Anthony Blasi (Eds.)
Egil Asprem, “Theosophy,” forthcoming in: SAGE Encyclopedia of Sociology of Religion, Adam Possamai & Anthony Blasi (eds.) Theosophy Introduction Theosophy refers to a set of ideas and organizations originating with the activities of Russian- born occultist Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–1891). Embodied in the Theosophical Society, established in New York City in 1875 by Blavatsky, the American military officer and lawyer Henry Steel Olcott (1832–1907), and the Irish-American barrister William Quan Judge (1851–1896), Theosophy attracted tens of thousands of students in the late nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, leaving a number of splinter organizations in its wake. The leading branch of Theosophy moved its headquarters to Adyar in Chennai, India, in 1886; an independent American branch has been associated with the activities of Katherine Tingley (1847–1929), including the theosophical commune Lomaland (1900–1942) in Southern California, and is now known as the Theosophical Society Pasadena. In 1913 Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925) took most of the German membership with him when he broke out of the Theosophical Society Adyar and formed the Anthroposophical Society, which has since spread Waldorf education, biodynamic farming and anthroposophial medicine to hundreds of thousands of people across the world. Theosophically inspired groups have had a remarkable impact on contemporary religiosity, but also on a wide array of political, artistic, and social movements of the past 150 years. To sociologists of religion, Theosophy is particularly important for understanding the transnational exchanges that have transformed the modern religious field, as well as the emergence of “unchurched” religion/spirituality (primarily) among the educated middle classes under the pressures of secularization. -
Pages from Isis Unveiled
Pages from Isis Unveiled Pages from Isis Unveiled v. 16.11, www.philaletheians.co.uk, 12 May 2018 Page 1 of 89 PAGES FROM ISIS UNVEILED ABSTRACT AND TRAIN OF THOUGHTS Defying the hand of time, the vain inquiry of profane science, the insults of the “revealed” religions, they will disclose their riddles to none but the legatees of those by whom they were entrusted with the Mystery. The key was in the keeping of those who knew how to commune with the invisible Presence, and who had received from the lips of mother Nature herself, her grand truths. And so stand these imperial monuments of long-crumbled dynas- ties, like mute, forgotten sentinels on the threshold of that unseen world, whose gates are thrown open but to a few elect. Abstract and train of thoughts 1 Aether or Astral Light is an expansion of cosmic matter from within without There is nothing new except what is forgotten. 9 Miracles are perfectly natural acts, always in accordance with natural law. 10 Which is the most important branch of magic? 11 It was the country and the stone that were called after the Magi, not the other way around. 11 Kurios is Mercury, Divine Wisdom, and Mercury is the Sun, from whom Thoth-Hermes received his divine wisdom. Hercules is also the Sun, the celestial storehouse of Universal Magnetism. 13 Æther is the Celestial Virgin, the spiritual mother of every existing form and being, from whose bosom, as soon vivified and fructified by the Divine Spirit, are called into existence Matter and Life, Force and Action. -
The Quest for Gnosis: G. R. S. Mead's Conception of Theosophy
The Quest for Gnosis G. R. S. Mead’s Conception of Theosophy Paulina Gruffman Department of Ethnology, History of Religions, and Gender Studies Master’s Degree 30 HE credits History of Religions Master’s Program 120 HE credits Fall term 2020 Supervisor: Dr. Egil Asprem The Quest for Gnosis G. R. S. Mead’s Conception of Theosophy Paulina Gruffman Abstract G. R. S. Mead is an important but neglected historical personality of the British fin-de-siècle occult, Theosophical, and post-Theosophical milieu. While previous scholars of Theosophy have portrayed the Theosophical movement as quite cohesive in nature, I argue that it might have been a lot more pluralistic, with ostensibly key Theosophical concepts being open for debate. By a careful study of Mead’s editorial activity, his debates with other Theosophists in leading occultist journal over the period 1890s through 1910s, I illustrate that Mead held alternative views of key Theosophical concepts. This gives us a clue as to how the movement of Theosophy can be characterized differently. I suggest that we speak of many different “Theosophies” rather than one singular “Theosophy” to better capture the seemingly diverse makeup of the Theosophical movement. I look at three areas wherein Mead’s views differed from those of other important Theosophists: the concept of “the Masters” as spiritual authority, which sources to turn to and how to interpret them, and the question of whether occultism should be understood primarily in theoretical or in practical terms. I propose that by seeing Theosophy as a debating ground where many different Theosophists competed over the definition of their particular kind of Theosophy, we might also better account for why so many post-Theosophical currents emerged. -
Reincarnation in H. P. Blavatsky's the Secret Doctrine*
Correspondences 5 (2017) 65–93 ISSN: 2053–7158 (Online) correspondencesjournal.com Reincarnation in H. P. Blavatsky’s The Secret Doctrine* Julie Chajes E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Throughout her career as an occultist, H. P. Blavatsky (1831–1891), the primary theorist of the nineteenth century’s most influential occultist movement, the Theosophical Society, taught two distinct theories of rebirth: metempsychosis and reincarnation. This paper provides a detailed description of the latter, as outlined in Blavatsky’s magnum opus, The Secret Doctrine (1888), and contemporaneous publications. In so doing, it offers several correctives and refinements to scholarly analyses of Theosophical reincarnationism offered over the last thirty years. Keywords H. P. Blavatsky, Theosophical Society, Reincarnation * The publication of this paper was made possible by grants from The Blavatsky Trust and the Israel Science Foundation. With thanks to Jake Poller for helpful comments on an earlier draft, and to the editors of this journal. © 2017 Julie Chajes This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. 66 Chajes / Correspondences 6 (2017) 65–93 Introduction This paper provides a detailed description of reincarnation as taught by the influential Russian esotericist Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831–1891) in her magnum opus, The Secret Doctrine (1888), and contemporaneous publications. Blavatsky made numerous remarks on human rebirth throughout her voluminous writings, which were published over the greater part of two decades, beginning in the early 1870s. Because of the apparently contradictory nature of some of these statements, there has been no little confusion among academics about Blavatsky’s views on the matter. -
From Blavatsky to Krishnamurti: Hindu Chronology, Biblical Eschatology, Physiology Al Boag
From Blavatsky to Krishnamurti: Hindu Chronology, Biblical Eschatology, Physiology Al Boag Introduction A number of the published works of Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986) carry a concise biographical statement of his guardianship as a youth by Annie Besant, President of the Theosophical Society at Adyar, Madras. She and her colleague C.W. Leadbeater “believed that Krishnamurti was the vehicle for the Messiah whose coming the Theosophists had predicted.”1 The Order of the Star in the East was formed in 1911, with its members dedicated to preparing mankind for the predicted coming of the new Messiah and World Teacher. However, Krishnamurti dissolved the Order in 1929 and resigned from the Society in 1930. Until his death on 17 February 1986, Krishnamurti travelled the world declaring that truth could not be found through any sect or religion, but only by freeing oneself from all forms of conditioning belief. This article reveals that the notion of prediction promoted by Besant and Leadbeater concerning Krishnamurti‟s role was their adaptation of an esoteric interpretation of extra-biblical and biblical eschatologies held by H.P. Blavatsky, co-founder of the Society. Two associated primary influences that pervade Krishnamurti‟s teachings, which have gone unnoticed by supporters and detractors alike, are, firstly, the element of esoteric Christianity within the framework of the Path of Initiation that had been his training under Besant and Leadbeater. This is not to deny the fusion of esoteric Hinduism and Buddhism that went with that. The unnoticed second element is an occult practice that was a secret teaching of the Path of Initiation intended to bring about a direct consciousness of one‟s divinity and the shortening of one‟s cycle of incarnations.