Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline Land Use Plan Amendment

East Bay Regional Park District Planning & GIS Services Department 2950 Peralta Oaks Court Oakland, California 94605 www.ebparks.org

Approved by the East Bay Regional Park District Board of Directors by

Resolution # 2013-12-302 on December 17, 2013

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline Land Use Plan Amendment

Entry at Neptune Drive

Planning and GIS Services Department East Bay Regional Park District 2050 Peralta Oaks Court Oakland, California 94605

EAST BAY REGIONAL PARK DISTRICT

RESOLUTION NO.: 2013 - 12 - 302

December 17, 2013

APPROVAL OF THE OYSTER BAY REGIONAL SHORELINE LAND USE PLAN AMENDMENT

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors has adopted a Mitigated Negative Declaration for the Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline Land Use Plan Amendment, in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act; and

WHEREAS, a Land Use Plan Amendment has been prepared to provide guide the future development of facilities, expand public access, trails and interpretive opportunities and provide for resource protection at the Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline; and

WHEREAS, the Board Executive Committee has reviewed the Land Use Plan Amendment and recommended its favorable consideration by the full Board; and

WHEREAS, the Park Advisory Committee has reviewed and recommended approval of d'le-Land Use Plan Amendment;

NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Board of Directors of the East Bay Regional Park District hereby approves the Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline Land Use Plan Amendment; and

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the General Manager is hereby authorized and directed, on behalf of the District and in its name, to execute and deliver such documents and to do such acts as may be deemed necessary or appropriate to accomplish the intentions of this resolution.

Moved by Director Siden, seconded by Director Wieskamp, and approved this Ir h day of December, 2013, by the following vote:

FOR: Whitney Dotson, Beverly Lane, Ted Radke, Carol Severin, Doug Siden, John Sutter, Ayn Wieskamp.

AGAINST: None. ABSTAIN: None. CERTlFlCATION ABSENT: None. I, Allen Pulido, Clerk of the Board of Directon 01 .... East Bay Regional Park District, do ~ ~ thIt the above and foregoing is a full, true and cOfTeCt copy of Resolution No. :JRt.7 - a. ~ Jc) 2..- adopted ..... by of [);rectors at a /r- on thzjl.:u--dI Z 2£0 . 'l!/tv.-W John Sutter ~Soard President I ,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Overview ...... 1 1.2 Planning Background ...... 1 1.3 Purpose of this Land Use Plan Amendment ...... 2 1.4 Planning Process ...... 3

2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – LUPA RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 5

3.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 13 3.1 Site Description ...... 13 3.1.1 Climate Conditions ...... 13 3.2 Natural Resources ...... 13 3.2.1 Topography, Geology, and Soils ...... 13 3.2.2 Hydrology / Watershed ...... 14 3.2.3 Plant Communities and Associated Wildlife ...... 14 3.3 Gas Monitoring and Leachate Collection Systems ...... 17 3.4 Access and Parking ...... 14 3.5 Internal Circulation ...... 14 3.6 Utilities ...... 18 3.7 Maintenance and Operations ...... 18 3.8 Public Safety ...... 18

4.0 LAND USE PLAN AMENDMENT ...... 21 4.1 Park Concept ...... 21 4.2 Designation of Staging /Recreation and Natural Units ...... 21 4.3 Land Use and Facilities ...... 21 4.3.1 Access ...... 22 4.3.2 Parking and Staging Areas ...... 22 4.3.3 Trails...... 25 4.3.4 Picnic Areas ...... 25 4.3.5 Irrigated Turf and Landscaped Areas ...... 26 4.3.6 View Points and Vistas ...... 26 4.3.7 Public Art ...... 27 4.3.8 Special Event Area ...... 27 4.3.9 Bicycle Skills Area ...... 28 4.3.10 Disc (Frisbee) Golf Course ...... 29 4.3.11 Unleashed Dog Area ...... 30 4.3.12 Service Yard ...... 30 4.3.13 Grading and Topography ...... 31 1.3.14 Utilities ...... 31

i 4.4 Resource Management ...... 31 4.4.1 Vegetation Management ...... 32 4.4.2 Integrated Pest Management and Revegetation ...... 34 4.4.3 Wildlife Pest Species ...... 36 4.5 Operations and Maintenance ...... 36 4.6 Public Safety ...... 37 4.7 Interpretive Programming ...... 37 4.8 Coordination with Other Agencies ...... 38 4.9 Project Implementation / Phasing ...... 39

APPENDICES...... 41 Appendix A: Plant Species Observed at Oyster Bay ...... 43 Appendix B: Recommended Plant List ...... 47 Appendix C: Wildlife Species Observed at Oyster Bay ...... 49 Appendix D: Special Status Wildlife Species at Oyster Bay ...... 55 Appendix E: Fish Species at Oyster Bay ...... 57 Appendix F: References and Persons Contacted ...... 61 Appendix G: Report Preparation ...... 63

FIGURES Figure 1: Location Map ...... iii Figure 2: Vicinity Map ...... iv Figure 3: Existing Conditions ...... 12 Figure 4: Landfill Infrastructure ...... 16 Figure 5: Land Use Plan Amendment ...... 20 Figure 6: Conceptual Trail Plan ...... 24

PHOTO PAGES Resources ...... 11 Existing Conditions ...... 15 Opportunities ...... 19 Trails ...... 23

iii

I.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW The East Bay Regional Park District (District) has prepared a Land Use Plan Amendment (LUPA) for Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline, located in San Leandro, California. The 194-acre shoreline park is a former landfill site located at the western terminus of Davis Street, and was acquired by the District in 1977 to develop as a regional park for the eventual provision of public recreation.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline Plan, due to its man-made land feature, gives the Park District the opportunity to shape the site to best accommodate the proposed park program. The use areas can be enhanced, negative conditions mitigated and assets of the site maximized by judicious placement of the fill material.

Working within the constraints of the landfill permit, the requirements of the governmental agencies and the resources of the site, it is proposed that the filling operation be directed to create mounds to separate use areas, provide visual buffers, provide a medium for tree root growth with deeper soil cover, create wind protected areas of varying sizes and to develop different levels of meadows to take advantage of the views obtainable from the site and allow for different levels of use. (1977 LUDP-EIR, p. 3)

The 1977 Land Use Development Plan (LUDP) established that the District would work within the constraints of the landfill permit while preparing the site for the eventual development of park infrastructure. Over the past thirty-five plus years, Oyster Bay has remained largely undeveloped and without the provision of public vehicle access and staging while the District has focused its attention on site improvement and importing earth fill. In addition, the design of a new vehicular entrance at the foot of Davis street resolves a long-standing access issue and provides the opportunity to establish an internal circulation system and parking / staging areas within the park, and to locate recreational facilities around them. As the final filling and grading operations continue, the District has initiated this planning process to guide the future development at Oyster Bay.

This LUPA updates and refines the vision for Oyster Bay established by the 1977 Land Use Development Plan. Most of the conditions described and the recommendations made in the 1977 LUDP remain valid and are not changed in this LUPA; they are refined, updated and expanded in detail. In addition, previously established plan goals and facilities have been reevaluated to reflect additional recreational opportunities desired by regional park users and best suited to the site. New consideration has been given to fill placement and final grading in areas expected to support future facilities such as parking areas, roads and trails, picnic areas and restrooms; and the plan has been revised to more accurately evaluate costs associated with plan implementation, construction, revegetation, maintenance, and public safety. Approval of this plan does not constitute a commitment of funds for immediate implementation of any of the recommendations provided. Capital projects will continue to be prioritized and pursued as funding becomes available, as part of the District’s annual budget process.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 1 1.2 PLANNING BACKGROUND Following the District’s preparation of a Land Use-Development Plan / Environmental Impact Report (LUDP-EIR) for the site in 1977, the sanitary landfill ceased operations in 1980 and a formal closure plan was approved and completed. In the late 1980’s, the District moved forward with the first stages of development, including group picnic areas and the Bay Trail along the shoreline.

The 1977 LUDP-EIR was approved with the District’s expectation that the City of San Leandro would implement a project to provide vehicular access to the park by extending Neptune Drive northward to connect with the Davis Street access. After the decision was made by City officials not to move forward with the construction of the Neptune Drive road extension, the District approved the 1985 Supplement to the LUDP-EIR, which evaluated six alternatives for developing regional vehicular access to the park, including Davis Street.

As a result of that evaluation, the District entered into discussions with the City to further evaluate the use of Davis Street as the primary regional access road. In 2009, the District commissioned a traffic study to develop design alternatives to reconfigure the end of Davis Street to accommodate multiple access points to the different facilities located there, and create a new entry into Oyster Bay. In consultation with Waste Management and the City of San Leandro, a preferred alternative was selected on the basis of traffic safety and convenience.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THIS LAND USE PLAN AMENDMENT A primary goal of this plan amendment is to establish the Davis Street park entrance as the public access entrance and Neptune Drive as a secondary, pedestrian, service and emergency vehicle access. In addition, this plan recognizes that Oyster Bay has significant new trail access. Since the 1977 LUDP, the San Francisco Bay Trail has been designated (1987) as a regional trail, and developed to provide links between Oyster Bay and Hayward Regional Shoreline to the south, and the Bill Lockyer, Jr. Bay Trail Bridge, was completed and dedicated in 2010, completing the trail connection to Martin Luther King, Jr. Regional Shoreline to the north.

Secondly, the 1977 LUDP made general recommendations regarding the location and development of facilities and activity areas and the restoration of habitat to the then-flat and barren landfill site. However, its recommendations, particularly concerning the restoration of plant cover and habitat to create a natural and regional park-like environment, remained very general. This LUPA therefore attempts to evaluate in more detail the implementation of both infrastructure and hard facilities as well as landscape restoration.

Finally, since the approval of the 1977 Land Use Development Plan, there has been a growing demand for more non-traditional recreational activities in urban areas and new types of facilities to support them. This plan amends certain recommendations of the original plan regarding park use, supported activities, trail circulation, and park maintenance and operations.

2 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

This LUPA proposes a park concept that will allow a wide variety of users to enjoy its environment when fully developed. The main purposes of this land use plan amendment are therefore the following:

• Designate Davis Street as the park entrance, and plan for the development of vehicular access, parking and trails within the park.

• Guide the final grading of the park based on the roadways, trails, staging and activity areas designated in this plan.

• Develop an implementation plan for the restoration of natural vegetation and wildlife habitat appropriate to this shoreline park, including an evaluation of funding and staff operation resource needs to accomplish it.

• Re-evaluate and designate appropriate and desirable activities to be supported in the park.

1.4 PLANNING PROCESS On July 18th 2012, the District hosted a public meeting at Garfield Elementary School, located in the Mulford Garden neighborhood, to introduce the project and conceptual schematic design and take comments on potential elements of the plan. A summary of those comments was posted on the District’s website in August of 2012. With the assistance of a contact member for the Mulford Garden Association, a project update summarizing the project public meeting was circulated to neighboring residents.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 3 This page has been left blank deliberately

4 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: LUPA RECOMMENDATIONS Access

• Construct a 28-ft.wide entry road with an 8-10-ft. wide multi-use trail at the Davis Street park entrance. Provide landscape buffers and / or slatted fencing along the roadway edges to serve as a visual screen from the adjacent San Leandro Rifle and Pistol Range and the Waste Management transfer facility. • Designate the Neptune Drive entrance as an Emergency and Maintenance Vehicle Access and public walk-in access, and connect it to the main vehicular roadway inside the park extending from the Davis Street entrance.

Parking and Staging Areas

• Increase Oyster Bay’s maximum parking capacity from 100 vehicles to 700 vehicles. Construct parking areas in the Recreation Unit, with Americans with Disabilities Act compliant parking and restroom facilities. • Develop parking in phases, as demand increases. • Locate new parking areas near the edges of the park to minimize trail crossings and conflicts between vehicle traffic, pedestrians and bicyclists.

Trails

• Reduce the number of existing dirt roads and “opportunity trails” over time to create efficient trail connections between Oyster Bay’s main activity nodes. • Minimize trail crossings at vehicular roadways and provide a separated trail system that connects to recreation and parking areas. • Coordinate with Waste Management to identify and eliminate redundant roads and trails not required to support public safety, or maintenance activities. • The park’s established trail system should include the following names: Oyster Bay, Jack London, Scavenger Bay, Marsh View, Andrews Landing, Neptune, Aqua Vista, Irgin, and Halquin.

Picnic Areas

• Construct new group picnic areas along the park access roads and adjacent to parking and activity areas in the central and northern areas of the Recreation Unit. • Site picnic areas to highlight attractive views. • Install turf lawn areas adjacent to new picnic areas for passive recreational use. Use native and / or drought-resistant turf to minimize water use and required maintenance.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 5 Irrigated Turf and Landscaped Areas

• Provide turf lawn areas adjacent to new picnic sites for passive recreational use. • Use native and/or drought-resistant turf to minimize water use and required mowing.

View Points and Vistas

• Focus and emphasize Oyster Bay’s outward (west and south-facing) views across San Francisco Bay while screening views of industrial facilities to the east. • Enhance designated viewing areas located along Oyster Bay’s shoreline and upland areas with bench seating and sun and wind screening as appropriate.

Public Art

• Identify potential sites for the permanent or temporary installation of public art work. • Selection of the art installation will adhere to the process established through the District’s Public Art Policy.

Special Event Area

• Create an open grass meadow in the valley in the center of the Recreation Unit that can be mowed as needed and used as a Special Event Area for events hosting 1,000 attendees or more. • The staging area near the Special Event Area should be outfitted with vault toilet restrooms (with the possibility of flush toilets when sewer is available), water, and electricity to support events. A temporary stage or tent may be erected for some events, and additional portable toilets brought in as necessary.

Bicycle Skills Area

• Reserve an area of two to five acres in the northern area of the Recreation Unit for the development of a Bicycle Skills Area. • Continue to seek opportunities to develop partnerships to manage the facility.

Disc (Frisbee) Golf Course

• Provide an area of a minimum of twelve acres for the development of a disc golf course. The conceptual location of the disc golf course is generally in the southwest part of the Recreation Unit to the west of the Special Event Area, but may meander through other areas of the park.

6 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

Unleashed Dog Area

• Designate up to ten acres in the Recreation Unit for unleashed dog use. • Provide a direct trail connection to the Unleashed Dog Area from the proposed northwestern staging area. • Create buffers consisting of fencing and/or vegetation to assist with keeping dogs within the area. Fencing or screening may be located alongside trails marking the boundaries of the area.

Service Yard

• Provide a service yard area with secure equipment storage for park maintenance equipment, and utilities sufficient to support a future park office.

Grading and Topography

• All grading, drainage, and irrigation will be designed to conform to the surface drainage requirements of the Regional Water Quality Control Board. Finish grading shall have a minimum 3% slope to minimize infiltration of groundwater and generation and treatment of additional leachate. • All new turf areas will be graded to promote runoff.

Utilities

• Provide water service to all staging and picnic areas. • Install irrigation as needed to irrigate turf areas as the design and revegetation of new picnic and activity areas are implemented. Monitor irrigation carefully to minimize water use and avoid infiltration into the landfill. • Provide electrical service connections in the Special Event Area to supply power and lighting for events. • Stub out sewer main along the entry road, initially as far as the service yard location. Install vault toilets until sewer service is feasible.

Vegetation Management

• Continue to establish vegetation appropriate to Oyster Bay, using native plant species as much as practical, or other site-appropriate plantings. • Conserve and, where possible, restore viable populations of native plant species. • In consultation with the District’s Stewardship Department, use plantings to restore and improve wildlife habitat, particularly for nesting bird species.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 7 • Use a variety of plant types (trees, shrubs, grasses and other ground-cover) appropriate to planned park activities to define space and serve as shade, wind-breaks, screening, barriers, open walk-on ground cover and aesthetic planting. • Provide visual screening from landfill and other industrial uses along the entry road and eastern side of the park. • Minimize irrigated turf to areas around picnic sites. In most areas, plant vegetation that will require a minimum of irrigation and maintenance. • Select species likely to out-compete existing weed species and re-establish successional processes to build plant diversity over time. • Select species for ease of maintenance by park staff. For “rough turf” areas, choose species that can either be left un-mown, as a natural grass meadow or mowed to accommodate walk-on activities.

Integrated Pest Management and Revegetation

• The District’s Vegetation Management staff should survey and map existing vegetation in the park, noting the locations and extent of invasive populations as well as native populations to preserve. • IPM weed-control methods will be tailored to match the management requirements of each specific site as it is developed. • Areas to be revegetated, including trails to be eliminated or realigned, may require closure to the public for some period of time during restoration. • Herbicides should be used selectively and targeted as precisely as possible so as to be confined to relatively limited treatment areas. Use pre-emergents to clear weeds in areas to be revegetated. • Select and prioritize target areas and phases for revegetation. Generally restoration efforts would focus on infrastructure development (i.e., staging areas) and activity areas. Therefore, revegetation efforts will generally begin within the Recreation / Staging unit, at areas along the main access roads, and work toward the shoreline and Natural Unit; and vegetation would progress from a more intensively designed and planted landscape toward a more naturally managed one. • Target the most invasive and undesirable weeds in a project area: pampas grass, fennel, Italian thistle, French broom, yellow-star thistle and Harding grass. • Consider future need for soil amendments. Investigate the use of compost and green waste from the Waste Management Transfer station next door as well as from other District parks. In particular, cuttings and chippings from hills fuels management projects, might be composted on-site. When amendments are not available, consider tilling in existing weeds and re-seeding the area with a temporary cover-crop such as clover, vetch or annual grasses as a “green manure.” Most areas will have to be tilled on a

8 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

repeated basis to begin to establish good top soil and desirable grass species. • Re-seed areas of bare soil where finish grading has been completed or where large areas of weeds have been tilled in or removed, as soon as possible to prevent reinvasion of weed species. • Where large dense areas of invasive vegetation are removed, the newly created bare areas will be stabilized and re‐vegetated with native or non‐invasive naturalized vegetation to prevent erosion. • In eliminating and revegetating existing utility roads or informal trails, the ground should be lightly scarified or mechanically decompacted prior to re-seeding. • Where irrigation water is not available, work with the seasons: schedule plantings shortly after the first significant seasonal rain event to maximize the benefits of natural precipitation during the first year of establishment. • Replanting may be done by seeding, plugs or container planting, depending on the plant type, size and number desired. Each of these methods of planting and initial establishment is labor-intensive and will require a commitment of budget either to fund contract-labor or additional park staff. The District should also consider the potential of volunteer or youth crews to assist with weed management and re-planting.

Wildlife Management

• Develop a public education program with signage to discourage the feeding of feral cats. • Designate and sign dogs “on-leash” areas and establish appropriate signage. • The District will continue to annually treat areas of Oyster Bay for ground squirrels.

Operations and Maintenance

• All exposed broken concrete, fence, construction, or other debris on-site will be removed or buried in place with fill soil. • The District will continue working with Waste Management to maintain landfill gas and leachate collection systems. This work may include: − Identifying wells that need to be adjusted to match the completed park grades for Oyster Bay. − Creating protection standards for landfill infrastructure and the public through the use of rocks, bollards, and/or fencing. − Coordinating park development work with Waste Management to facilitate the maintenance of landfill infrastructure as necessary.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 9 Public Safety

• Increase District’s police patrols as necessary to discourage after-hour or illegal activities from occurring within the park and around the park entrances. • For large special events, or in the event of an accident, emergency or other traffic blockage on Davis street, the District’s Public Safety Department may temporarily open the Neptune Drive gate as an egress to assist users to leave the park efficiently. During those events, the District will provide traffic signage and / or staff to direct traffic away from adjacent neighborhoods.

Interpretive Programming

• Provide a self-guided interpretive walking tour for Oyster Bay along the shoreline that loops through the park back to its starting point. Install interpretive and directional signing with a corresponding interpretive brochure or web-based QR codes. • Provide coordinated educational or recreational programming through partnerships with outside organizations where mutually beneficial.

Coordination with other Agencies

• The District will continue to work with Waste Management to minimize conflicts between maintenance of the former landfill’s gas collection systems and restoration of various areas of the park, and user activities. • The District will continue to explore opportunities for partnering with the City of San Leandro and local volunteer groups in the development of a Disc Golf Course and a Bicycle Skills Area at Oyster Bay.

10 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

RESOURCES

Grassland Turf and Picnic Area

Meadow Overlooking San Francisco Bay Woodland

San Leandro Slough Shrubland

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 11 12 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

3.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS 3.1 SITE DESCRIPTION

Recreational development in the park has been limited to the Bay Trail along the shoreline and a recreation area located in the southeastern area of the park. The recreation area is approximately 15 acres and features several picnic sites, a restroom, 3.5 acres of irrigated turf meadows and landscaping, interpretive signage and a public art installation. Surrounding Oyster Bay are attractive views of San Francisco Bay, with the Coyote Hills to the south and distant views of San Francisco to the west. Oakland International Airport is located across the water, approximately one-half mile west of the park; and Oyster Bay affords visitors opportunities to watch planes taking off and landing at the airport. The San Leandro Marina and Marina Park are located at the end of Marina Way, a half-mile south of Oyster Bay. Immediately surrounding land-uses consist of a mix of commercial, industrial, residential and recreational uses.

The Natural Unit, as designated by the 1977 LUDP, consists of 60 acres of upland areas adjacent to Oyster Bay’s shoreline. The unit is undeveloped except for the San Francisco Bay Trail located along the shoreline at the perimeter of the park.

3.1.1 Climate Conditions

The park site experiences a mild climate with little seasonal variations in temperature. Oyster Bay is seasonally influenced by maritime winds and moisture from the San Francisco Bay. Rainfall normally occurs almost entirely within the period of October through April with a normal precipitation of approximately 18.7 inches. Winds blow mainly from the west and average 8.2 miles per hour.

3.2 NATURAL RESOURCES

3.2.1 Topography, Geology and Soils

The landfill underlying Oyster Bay is comprised largely of organic garbage that continues to decompose and compact, capped by fill material of varying depth. The District has continued filling and grading the site to include large earth mounds that have been designed to provide topographic interest, viewing opportunities and to separate use areas. Peak elevations on site reach 85-feet. Fill activities are guided by topographic and boundary surveys that have also served as the technical base map for the park design. Continuing ground settlement of the fill and landfill substrate will be an important factor in the siting and design of buildings, pavement, sewer lines and other facilities.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 13 3.2.2 Hydrology / Watershed

At Oyster Bay, a soil layer at least three feet in depth was placed as a landfill cap by the previous owner when the landfill closed. Over the past thirty years, the District has added to the cap and graded so that runoff is controlled to provide moisture for vegetation while limiting both percolation through the topsoil and excessive runoff into the San Francisco Bay. The Regional Water Quality Control Board permit requires that a minimum gradient of three percent be maintained for surface drainage at this site.

The viewshed from Oyster Bay towards the northwest includes the Oakland International Airport (center), the City of San Francisco (left), and Mount Tamalpais (right background).

3.2.3 Plant Communities & Associated Wildlife

Filling and grading activities have resulted in the establishment of many non-native and invasive plant species throughout the park’s undeveloped areas. Invasive grasses and weeds are prevalent throughout the park, and currently restrict the establishment of native vegetation in the area. Re-establishment of more native and other appropriate species for wildlife habitat and park landscape quality will require a major effort and considerable expense over time.

The District planted a grove of native trees, including buckeye, toyon, coast live oak and Torrey pine around the picnic site and other developed areas of the park. Volunteer species like myoporum and pampas grass (Cortaderia sp.) brought in with fill soils, have colonized in Oyster Bay’s southern region and provide habitat for bird species traveling along the California coast migration route.

A small marsh is located along the park’s southeast border, separating Oyster Bay from the Waste Management transfer station and Neptune Drive. Raptors that may forage in Bay Area salt marsh habitats include northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), white-tailed kite (Elanus caerulus), barn owl (Tyto alba), and American kestrel (Falco sparverius).

Pickle weed in the marsh area provides potential habitat for the salt-marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris). The District’s Stewardship staff conducts annual trap surveys for salt marsh harvest mouse have not documented any populations.

14 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment EXISTING CONDITIONS

Group Picnic Area

Naturalized Area

Naturalized Area with trail

Dog Walking

Waste Management Monitoring Well

“Bonzai” Tree

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 15

16 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

3.3 GAS MONITORING & LEACHATE COLLECTION SYSTEMS

Efforts to further develop Oyster Bay are challenged by the environmental and ecological factors resulting from the site’s former use as a landfill. Current regulations require closed landfills to be monitored for various conditions (leachates, landfill gas, slope stability, etc.) for a period of 30 years or more, following the final date of closure. Waste Management Inc., which also operates the solid-waste transfer station adjacent to the park, is the previous owner of the former landfill and maintains responsibility for monitoring the system to ensure the landfill’s stability, leachate drainage and gas emissions are properly maintained.

Landfill gases generated by waste decomposition are removed from the site through a combination of vents and monitoring stations. Leachate, water that is produced by the decomposition of waste material, is also collected through a separate network of trenches, pipes, and extraction wells on the site. Monitoring and collection wells, piezometers, condensate traps and valves can be seen above ground and are located throughout the site. Altogether there are approximately 125 vents, wells and monitoring stations on the site, which require regular servicing by Waste Management for some time into the future. These structures pose constraints to the location of “hard” facilities such as roadways and parking lots at Oyster Bay. In addition, the need to provide vehicle access to service these trails will, to some extent, limit the District’s ability to eliminate the network of informal tracks that crisscross the property at present, and establish an intentional trail system.

Several of the gas wells were raised in height between 1987 and 2011 to match planned grades completed during that time. The District will continue working with Waste Management to identify wells that will require future height modifications to match completed grades for Oyster Bay.

3.4 ACCESS / PARKING

Currently, most park users who drive to Oyster Bay park their vehicles on Neptune Drive, which provides on-street parking for approximately 45 vehicles, and walk or bike into the park. There is currently a service entry, but no formal public vehicle entrance at Davis Street. Available parking on Davis Street is currently limited and heavily impacted by truck traffic on the block. Pedestrians and cyclists can enter Oyster Bay by Davis Street where there is direct access to the San Francisco Bay Trail; however there is no sidewalk or trail outside of the park. The Davis Street entrance remains lightly used as a walk-in at present due to heavy commercial truck traffic and the lack of street parking.

3.5 INTERNAL CIRCULATION

Oyster Bay’s shoreline features a 1.3-mile segment of San Francisco Bay Trail that provides regional trail connections north to Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline and south to the Hayward Regional Shoreline. A series of informal dirt and gravel roads, created for fill

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 17 placement, grading and for maintenance of the extraction and monitoring wells, network the park landscape. These paths are shared by walkers, dogs, bicycles, and District and Waste Management maintenance vehicles. It would be desirable to remove these informal trails as the park is developed and restored, and to develop an formal trail system which serves both park user needs and ongoing maintenance needs of District and Waste Management staff.

3.6 UTILITIES

Water lines and the electrical power required to operate the Waste Management landfill pumps represent the only existing utilities at Oyster Bay. Water is supplied by the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) through a 4-inch water supply line that enters the park at Neptune Drive. The line provides water to an irrigation system that supports 3.5 acres of turf lawn installed in the southern recreation area in 2011. Municipal utility connections for electricity, telephone, water and sewer service are available from Davis Street and Neptune Drive.

3.7 MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS

Oyster Bay does not have a service yard on site. Park Operations staff currently transport the park maintenance equipment needed to maintain the site from Martin Luther King, Jr. Regional Shoreline, located in the City of Oakland. As maintenance needs for Oyster Bay increase over time, a service yard will be needed to store tools and maintenance equipment.

3.8 PUBLIC SAFETY

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline is within the primary response jurisdiction of the San Leandro Fire Department. The District’s Public Safety Department is responsible for surveillance and law enforcement within the park. Patrol of the site is currently conducted by vehicle and helicopter.

18 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment OPPORTUNITIES

Off-Leash Dog Area & Dog Walking

Disc Golf

Bicycle Skills

Special Events

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 19

< DAVIS< ST Recreation Unit includes: • Picnic Areas Park • Public Art • Scenic view points 20' Entrance • Loop interpretive trail system Service • Special Events Area Yard • Mountain Bike Skills Park 5! Æü • Disc Golf Course !_" 40' Bike • Off-leash Dog Area Parking capacity: 700 Skills • Area 60' 5! !_"Æü ![ 5!

Unleashed ![ Dog Area 85' 5! !_"Æü Emergency 0# Vehicle Special Access

Event NEPTUNE DR 5! ![ Area 0# EXISTING 60' !"_ !"5 60' 0# 60'

Marsh

Disc 50' Golf 60'0# !"5 Area 40' ![ 5' Contour Interval ![ Tidal Marsh Wildlife Area Unpaved Trail 30' Paved Trail (Existing) ![ Public Vehicle Access & Circulation 20' SAN Recreation Unit FRA IL NCISCO BAY TRA Natural Unit

Feet Figure 5 0 500 LAND USE PLAN AMENDMENT Land Use Plan Amendment East Bay Regional Park District Planning/Stewardship/GIS Services Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline JAN. 14, 2014 ± San Leandro, Alameda County, California

4.0 LAND USE PLAN AMENDMENT 4.1. PARK CONCEPT

Oyster Bay’s location along the Bay’s shoreline and in close proximity to residential areas and regional access make it a popular destination for shoreline open space recreation. While there are a number of developed city parks and recreational facilities nearby (San Leandro Marina and Shoreline Park; Corica, Metropolitan and Monarch Bay Golf Courses), none are developed with the natural, open space character and walking trail opportunities of a regional park or shoreline. Oyster Bay therefore presents the opportunity and challenge of restoring a former municipal landfill to a shoreline regional park with suitable native vegetation and wildlife habitat, while providing a variety of open-space recreational activities and the feeling of being in a natural environment.

4.2. DESIGNATION OF STAGING / RECREATION AND NATURAL UNITS

The delineation of Natural and Staging / Recreation Units will remain generally the same as shown in the original, 1977 LUDP, with the Recreation Unit occupying most of the eastern and central portions of the park, including the proposed special activity areas discussed below, and the Natural Unit extending along the shoreline, at the perimeter of the park, and including the tidal marsh along its southeast edge, adjacent to Neptune Drive. It should be noted that the Recreation / Staging Unit exceeds the area (30%) specified in the current District Master Plan for Regional Shorelines. This exception is made, consistent with the original LUDP, which preceded these guidelines, and because the park was originally a landfill with no “natural” area. The activity areas, although designated as part of the Recreation Unit, are proposed to be restored with native vegetation, as discussed below, to create a natural, park-like landscape.

4.3 LAND USE & FACILITIES

The approved 1977 LUDP/EIR provides parking for 100 vehicles, a nature interpretive center, tot lot recreation areas and day camp facilities. This LUPA deletes the proposed interpretive center, but includes a self-guiding interpretive loop trail system, as well as large open meadow for planned gatherings, activities and events, and new picnic areas, turf lawns and special- purpose recreation areas. This LUPA leaves open the possibility of providing tot lots within the Recreation Unit as well as providing the opportunity for day camps to utilize the amenities that implementation of this LUPA will provide. Parking will be expanded to accommodate up to 700 vehicles.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 21 4.3.1 Access

The District has acquired from the City of San Leandro and Waste Management, Inc., the additional right-of-way needed to make the new park entrance off of Davis Street. The project will include development of a roundabout at the end of Davis Street, which will serve as the primary public vehicle access into Oyster Bay. A new trail adjacent to the entry road will enhance the area’s aesthetics and provide safer pedestrian / bike access into Oyster Bay from Davis Street.

The District will improve the Neptune Drive park entrance as a service and emergency vehicle access. The entrance will remain closed to public vehicles at most times, but may be used as a temporary public egress to improve vehicle circulation following occasional, high-attendance special events. Neptune Drive will continue to be a primary park access for pedestrians and bicyclists. The District also will construct new segments of road and pedestrian trails inside park boundaries to improve public vehicle circulation. The internal vehicular access drive will run along the eastern boundary of the park, adjacent to the Waste Management facility, connecting Davis Street to Neptune Drive, and accessing staging areas for the Bicycle Skills Area and Special Event Area. The entry road will also continue straight to the west, in the alignment of Davis Street, providing access to the park service yard and a staging area at the northwest corner of the park, with views of the Oakland Airport and access to the off-leash dog area.

Recommendations: • Construct a 28-ft.wide entry road with an 8-10-ft. wide multi-use trail at the Davis Street entry road. Provide landscape buffers and / or slatted fencing along the roadway edges to serve as a visual screen from the adjacent San Leandro Rifle and Pistol Range and the Waste Management transfer facility. • Designate the Neptune Drive entrance as an Emergency and Maintenance Vehicle Access and public walk-in access, and connect it to the main vehicular roadway inside the park extending from the Davis Street entrance.

4.3.2 Parking and Staging Areas

Recommendations:

• Develop parking in phases, as demand increases.

• Locate new parking areas near the edges of the park to minimize trail crossings and conflicts between vehicle traffic, pedestrians and bicyclists.

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TRAILS

Opportunity trails leading to the San Francisco Bay Trail

Opportunity Trail through Shrubland

Interpretive Loop Trail Interpretive Loop Trail

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 23

< DAVIS< ST Park Entrance

Unpaved Trail Service Paved Trail (Existing) Yard Public Vehicle Access & Circulation Bike Recreation Unit Skills Natural Unit Area

J ACK LO NDON

Unleashed Dog Area IN Emergency G R A I Vehicle Q U Access A Special E V N I U Event NEPTUNE DR S T T P A E Area N OP O L

P O

O L S

Marsh D R S L O F O L U Disc U G M H Golf Area

San O YSTER SAN BAY TRAIL / FRA IL Francisco NCISCO BAY TRA Bay

Feet Figure 6 0 500 CONCEPTUAL TRAIL PLAN Land Use Plan Amendment East Bay Regional Park District Planning/Stewardship/GIS Services Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline JAN. 14, 2014 ± San Leandro, Alameda County, California 4.3.3 Trails

The majority of the conceptual trail alignments shown in Figure 6 already exist as access roads used in filling and grading operations, or for monitoring the gas and leachate emissions of the former landfill. As the volume of emissions decreases over time, there will be opportunities to phase out the vents, wells and access roads leading to them. Planning a trail system at Oyster Bay is therefore a matter of simplifying the system by eliminating many of these “opportunity trails” over time as natural landscape is restored to the park.

The Trail Plan (Figure 6) shows the “spine” trail system necessary to provide efficient connections between Oyster Bay’s activity nodes, and proposes names for those trails. Secondary trails will be designed and developed or retained as the park is developed and revegetated, over time. The District will continue to coordinate with Waste Managemen. to eliminate unnecessary or redundant access trails while ensuring that necessary access to wells is maintained.

Recommendations: • Reduce the number of existing dirt roads and “opportunity trails” over time to create efficient trail connections between Oyster Bay’s main activity nodes. • Minimize trail crossings at vehicular roadways and provide a separated trail system that connects to recreation and parking areas. • Coordinate with Waste Management to identify and eliminate redundant roads and trails not required to support public safety and maintenance activities. • The park’s established trail system should include the following names: Oyster Bay Trail, Jack London, Scavenger Bay, Marsh View, Andrews Landing, Neptune, Agua Vista, Irgin and Halquin.

Existing south picnic area 4.3.4 Picnic Areas

This LUPA proposes the development of new picnic areas within the Recreation Unit, in addition to the existing area located to the southwest of the Neptune Drive access. All of these would be located close to parking and restrooms.

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Recommendations:

• Construct new group picnic areas along the park access roads and adjacent to parking and activity areas in the central and northern areas of the Recreation Unit.

• Site picnic areas to highlight attractive views.

• Install small shelters or vegetative screening in picnic areas as appropriate to provide wind breaks and shade while maintaining views.

4.3.5 Irrigated Turf and Landscaped Areas

One of the objectives of this LUPA is to restore the landfill, to the extent possible, with natural, regional park-like vegetation and to minimize high-maintenance and water consumptive turf grass areas. At the same time, the District recognizes a public preference for mowed lawn areas for picnicking and passive recreation. The location and mix of mowed turf, as opposed to other, more natural types of vegetation, will be a design and operational decision, to be made incrementally as the park is developed and revegetation proceeds.

Recommendations:

• Provide turf lawn areas adjacent to new picnic sites for passive recreational use.

• Use native and / or drought-resistant turf to minimize water use and required mowing.

View south across San Leandro Marina to Coyote Hills 4.3.6 View Points and Vistas

Recommendations: • Focus and emphasize Oyster Bay’s outward (west and south-facing) views across San Francisco Bay while screening views of industrial facilities to the east. • Enhance designated viewing areas located along Oyster Bay’s shoreline and upland areas with bench seating and sun and wind screening as appropriate.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 27

Rising Wave Sculpture by Roger Berry

4.3.7 Public Art

The District’s Regional Shorelines are most frequently previously developed, industrial areas; and, as such, have often been selected as sites for the installation of public art. Martin Luther King, Jr., Miller/Knox, Big Break and Oyster Bay have large sculptural pieces as part of their landscape and are generally recommended as good sites for additional installations of environmental art should the opportunity arise.

Recommendations:

• Identify potential sites for the permanent or temporary installation of public art work.

• Selection of the art installation will adhere to the process established through the District’s Public Art Policy.

4.3.8 Special Event Area

The District has identified an area in the central region of the Recreation Unit that will be utilized to support a variety of special events sponsored either by the District or an outside organization. The topography of the area is a bowl-shaped valley, with a flat “floor” that could be used for siting a temporary stage or tent and lawn seating, and sloping sides which form a natural amphitheater for additional seating. The area would be revegetated with tall-grass species which could either be left as an unmown meadow, or mowed as desired for special events and other recreational activities.

The site was selected in part for the flexibility it provides to offer an intimate setting beneficial for District Interpretive programming as well as the open space necessary for larger events such as concerts, weddings and other ceremonies or corporate picnics. The bowl will have the capacity to host events comparable to those held at other District parks such as the annual Zydeco Festival at Ardenwood Historic Farm and the Summer Concert Series held in Crab

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Cove at Crown Memorial State Beach. Utility connections for electricity and water will be installed to support events held on the site.

Recommendations:

• Create an open grass meadow in the valley in the center of the Recreation Unit that can be mowed as needed and used as a Special Event Area for events hosting 1,000 attendees or more.

• The staging area near the Special Event Area should be outfitted with vault toilet restrooms (with the possibility of flush toilets when sewer is available), water and electricity to support events. A temporary stage or tent may be erected for some events, and additional portable toilets brought in as necessary.

4.3.9 Bicycle Skills Area

Multiple public comments during the scoping process for the Oyster Bay LUPA requested that the District develop a Bicycle Skills Area. As a mostly unimproved former landfill site, Oyster Bay provides excellent opportunities to support the District’s commitment to develop more infrastructure for trail bike riders. The LUPA reserves space for a Bicycle Skills Area in the northeastern section of the Recreation Unit near the Davis Street entrance. Bicycle skills courses come in a wide range of sizes and are usually designed to provide a range of technical riding challenges to riders of varied skill levels. A facility to develop mountain biking skills, located along the Bay Trail immediately south of the Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline, would be particularly attractive to younger riders from neighboring, urban flatland areas, and might serve as a gateway to trail riding in the hills parks. Research indicates that bicycle skills areas may contribute to overall rider safety. Oyster Bay’s location makes such a facility accessible and affordable to a large population of urban riders; and the topography of the park, still in the final stages of grading, would be suitable for a bicycle skills area.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 29 While the District has not previously operated or managed a bicycle skills area, it does have an agreement with the City of Pleasanton, which currently leases land at Shadow Cliffs Regional Recreational Area to operate a BMX track facility. In 2004, the City and District negotiated a lease for an initial 15-year term providing that the City pay the District a nominal lease payment of $100 / year and absorb all costs associated with construction and operation of the BMX facility and parking area. By all accounts from City and District staff to date, the BMX track has been a success and well utilized by families and children in the region.

The District’s Outdoor Recreation Department currently offers programs at various District parks including Oyster Bay that help riders develop valuable skills intended to enhance their overall riding abilities and experiences in District parks. The regional draw of Oyster Bay offers the potential to provide a comprehensive bicycle skills area experience that is safe, more accessible and accommodating than other regional parkland or mountain biking facilities in the District’s two-county jurisdiction. District staff and management have voiced support throughout the scoping process for a well-designed bike skills area that could be operated and maintained under a model similar to that used at Shadow Cliffs. Planning staff have met with officials from the City of San Leandro and representatives from Specialized Bicycles to discuss the bike park concept and explore the possibility of partnerships to manage the facility. While no commitments were made, both the City and company representatives expressed support for inclusion of the bike park in this LUPA.

Recommendations:

• Reserve an area of two to five acres in the northern area of the Recreation Unit for the development of a bicycle skills area.

• Continue to seek opportunities to develop partnerships to manage the facility.

4.3.10 Disc (Frisbee) Golf Course

The sport of disc golf has grown rapidly in popularity over the past several years. During the District’s scoping process for the park, a number of participants suggested the development of a disc golf course at Oyster Bay. Disc golf is a low-cost form of informal recreation that can be enjoyed year-round and can share space with other types of passive recreational activities. Disc golf promotes exercise with minimal risk of physical injury that can be played by people of all age and skill levels. Oyster Bay provides diverse topography in wooded and open settings.

Recommendation:

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4.3.11 Unleashed Dog Area

The East Bay Regional Park District is one of the few public open space agencies that permits access to unleashed dogs across the majority of its regional parklands and trails. Easy accessibility and attractive views have made Oyster Bay a popular urban destination for off- leash dog walking. The plan recommends that up to ten acres in the Recreation Unit be designated and fenced or signed to permit off-leash dog walking.

Recommendations:

• Designate up to ten acres in the Recreation Unit for unleashed dog use.

• Provide a direct trail connection to the Unleashed Dog Area from the proposed northwestern staging area.

• Create buffers consisting of fencing and / or vegetation to assist with keeping dogs within the area. Fencing or screening may be located alongside trails marking the boundaries of the area.

4.3.12 Service Yard

An area that is currently fenced and located near the Davis Street entrance was identified in the 1977 LUP as the future service yard for Oyster Bay. As the park is landscaped and revegetated, and gets increasing public use, it will be necessary to have a permanent, secure location for the storage of equipment such as mowers, which are currently trailered from Martin Luther King, Jr. Regional Shoreline. It will also be desirable to have a park office for staff as public use increases. While continuing landfill settlement and methane emissions make the construction of permanent, enclosed buildings difficult at the present, a permanent park headquarters facility can be developed as these conditions abate.

Recommendation:

• Provide a service yard area with secure equipment storage for park maintenance equipment, and utilities sufficient to support a future park office.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 31 4.3.13 Grading and Topography

Recommendations:

• All grading, drainage and irrigation will be designed to conform to the surface drainage requirements of the Regional Water Quality Control Board. Finish grading shall have a minimum 3% slope to minimize infiltration of groundwater and generation and treatment of additional leachate.

• All new turf areas will be graded to promote runoff.

4.3.14 Utilities

Continuing land fill and compaction, and land settlement of the former landfill site will make the installation of some utilities challenging for some time to come. Existing water lines in the southern end of the Recreation Unit will be extended north and west along the roadway to provide for domestic use and irrigation in new staging and activity areas. If settlement is still occurring or budgets are not sufficient to permit the installation of sewer lines, the installation of vault toilet restroom buildings is recommended. These may be replaced in the future with flush-toilet facilities after land settlement has stabilized and sewer lines can be installed.

Recommendations:

• Provide water service to all staging and picnic areas.

• Install irrigation as needed to irrigate turf areas as the design and revegetation of new picnic and activity areas are implemented. Monitor irrigation carefully to minimize water use and avoid infiltration into landfill.

• Provide electrical service connections in the Special Event Area to supply power and lighting for events.

• Stub out sewer main along the entry road, initially as far as the service yard location. Install sewer as feasible to serve restrooms in future phases of park development.

4.4 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

The 1977 LUDP generally described the resource management goals for the park, but did not go into detail about plan implementation, particularly with regard to the issue of controlling invasive weeds (more prevalent now than at that time) and restoring vegetation to develop a “natural” park landscape. Planning for the phased implementation of the final park landscape is a major focus of the present LUPA.

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4.4.1 Vegetation Management

A small area of the park, around the existing picnic area, has been landscaped by the District over the past 25 years with plantings including buckeye, toyon, coast live oak and Torrey pine and an adjacent turf lawn. In most other areas, repeated soil disturbance during grading activities, and the continuing importation of fill containing exotic seed banks have resulted in a landscape dominated by weedy and invasive plant species or areas of bare soil which could ultimately be colonized by weeds.

A major goal of this LUPA, is to outline a plan for the restoration and revegetation of the former landfill, which will result in a natural, pleasing and regional park-like landscape conducive to the types of passive recreational activities proposed in the plan, while being, at the same time, efficient and cost-effective for District staff to maintain. That said, the goal of extirpating the existing weeds and creating the proposed landscape will require a major effort and considerable expense over an extended period of time. An adaptive management approach will be taken when implementing vegetation management prescriptions to allow for modifications as necessary to ensure success.

Recommendations:

• Continue to establish vegetation typical of regional parks and appropriate for Oyster Bay, using native plant species as much as practical, or other site-appropriate plantings.

• Conserve and, where possible, restore viable populations of native plant species.

• In consultation with the District’s Stewardship Department, use plantings to restore and improve wildlife habitat, particularly for nesting bird species.

• Use a variety of plant types (trees, shrubs, grasses and other ground-cover) appropriate to planned park activities to define space and serve as shade, wind-breaks, screening, barriers, open walk-on ground cover and aesthetic planting.

• Provide visual screening from the Waste Management transfer station and other industrial uses along the entry road and eastern side of the park. • Minimize irrigated turf around picnic sites. In most areas, plant vegetation that will require a minimum of irrigation and maintenance.

• Select species likely to out-compete existing weed species and re-establish successional processes to build plant diversity over time.

• Select species for ease of maintenance by park staff. For “rough turf” areas, choose species that can either be left un-mown, as a natural grass meadow or mowed to accommodate walk-on activities.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 33 One special area significantly different from the upland park, and which was emphasized in the 1977 LUDP, is the small marsh adjoining the Neptune Drive entrance. This tidal marsh, characterized by pickleweed (Arthrocnemum) species, gumplant (Grindelia) and alkali heath (Frankenia), and saltbush (Atriplex,) should be conserved and enhanced as wildlife habitat. It may also be desirable to consider low screen planting to provide visual access while buffering the marsh from physical access by hikers and dogs. The marsh has been treated repeatedly since 1999 to reduce the occurrence of invasive, non-native spartina (Spartina alterniflora), which has, as a result, been reduced to 0.1 acre in the marsh. Future efforts will focus on the reestablishment of native spartina (S. foliosa).

A palette of appropriate California native plants has been recommended for a combination of their aesthetic qualities, low-maintenance characteristics, tolerance of poor soil, drought and coastal climate conditions, and suitability to provide wildlife habitat. This list is not intended to represent all vegetation that can or will be included but is available to serve as a guide during the design phase as needed. Most of the selections are also recommended by the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission’s Shoreline Plants – A Landscape Guide to the San Francisco Bay which was used as a reference for this plan. (See Plant List – Appendix B )

Stipa – Purple Needlegrass

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4.4.2 Integrated Pest Management and Revegetation

The District will employ various resource management strategies in order to conserve and enhance natural communities, promote the restoration of appropriate vegetation, preserve and protect populations of plant and animal species and their habitats, reduce fire hazard conditions, reduce impacts of noxious weeds, and limit the encroachment of selected shrub species, such as coyote brush, poison oak, and broom, into grasslands. As part of its plan to restore successional native, vegetation in the park, the District will Implement a phased Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy to reduce invasive weeds.

Yellow star thistle

Programmatic pest control objectives will be defined and prioritized after the District has determined which portions of the plan will be implemented in the first phase of construction. Minimizing or eradicating invasive weeds at Oyster Bay will require an adaptive decision-making process using the pest control and revegetation strategies most appropriate to a particular time, location in the park and species. IPM efforts are expected to last multiple years, with the goal of maximizing effective control while minimizing negative environmental, recreational and budgetary impacts, using a multifaceted and adaptive approach. The District will select weed control methods which meet the revegetation goals for Oyster Bay and reflect the available time, funding and work capacities of the staff. The following general recommendations are made to guide such a program:

Recommendations:

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 35 confined to relatively limited treatment areas. Use pre-emergents to clear weeds in areas to be revegetated. • Select and prioritize target areas and phases for revegetation. Generally restoration efforts would focus on infrastructure development (i.e., staging areas) and activity areas. Therefore, revegetation efforts will generally begin within the Recreation / Staging unit, at areas along the main access roads, and work toward the shoreline and Natural Unit; and vegetation would progress from a more intensively designed and planted landscape toward a more naturally managed one. • Target the most invasive and undesirable weeds in a project area: pampas grass, fennel, Italian thistle, French broom, yellow-star thistle and Harding grass. • Consider future need for soil amendments. Investigate the use of compost and green waste from the Waste Management Transfer station next door as well as from other District parks. In particular, cuttings and chippings from hills fuels management projects, might be composted on-site. When amendments are not available, consider tilling in existing weeds and re-seeding the area with a temporary cover-crop such as clover, vetch or annual grasses as a “green manure.” Most areas will have to be tilled on a repeated basis to begin to establish good top soil and desirable grass species. • Re-seed areas of bare soil where finish grading has been completed or where large areas of weeds have been tilled in or removed, as soon as possible to prevent reinvasion of weed species. • Where large dense areas of invasive vegetation are removed, the newly created bare areas will be stabilized and re‐vegetated with native or non‐invasive naturalized vegetation to prevent erosion. • In eliminating and revegetating existing utility roads or informal trails, the ground should be lightly scarified or mechanically decompacted prior to re-seeding. • Where irrigation water is not available, work with the seasons: schedule plantings shortly after the first significant seasonal rain event to maximize the benefits of natural precipitation during the first year of establishment. • Replanting may be done by seeding, plugs or container planting, depending on the plant type, size and number desired. Each of these methods of planting and initial establishment is labor-intensive and will require a commitment of budget either to fund contract-labor or additional park staff. The District should also consider the potential of volunteer or youth crews to assist with weed management and re-planting.

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4.4.3 Wildlife Pest Species

Oyster Bay is located in an urban area, next to a solid waste transfer station. Both of these situations make it a particular attractant to pest species which may be deterrents to the reestablishment of wildlife habitat.

The park may be an attractive “dump site” for unwanted cats; and a number of feral cats live in the park, around the Davis Street and Neptune Drive entrances. The marsh adjacent to the Neptune Drive entrance provides habitat for various songbird species, and, potentially, for the salt marsh harvest mouse which is listed as an endangered species at both the federal and state level, although no occurrences of the harvest mouse have been found during annual District surveys. Signs should be posted to educate the public on the threats feral cats pose to small mammals and birds, to discourage feeding them.

The park is also intensively used by people walking with dogs, mostly off-leash. It will be important to establish and clearly sign “leash-required” areas, both around staging and picnic areas and habitat-protection areas along the marsh trail and Bay Trail.

Recommendations:

• Develop a public education program with signage to discourage the feeding of feral cats.

• Designate and sign dogs “on-leash” areas and establish appropriate signage.

• The District will continue to annually treat areas of Oyster Bay for ground squirrels.

4.5 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

Recommendations:

• All exposed broken concrete, fence, construction or other debris on site will be removed or buried in place with fill soil.

• The District will continue working with Waste Management to in efforts to maintain landfill gas and leachate collection systems. This work may include: − Identifying wells that need to be adjusted to match the completed park grades for Oyster Bay. − Creating protection standards, through the use of bollards, fencing or rocks, for the existing landfill infrastructure. − Coordinate park development work to facilitate the replacement of landfill infrastructure as necessary.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 37 4.6 PUBLIC SAFETY

Recommendations:

• Increase Park District’s police patrols as necessary to discourage after-hour or illegal activities from occurring within the park and around the park entrances.

• For large special events, or in the event of an accident, emergency or other traffic blockage on Davis street, the District’s Public Safety Department may temporarily open the Neptune Drive gate as an egress to assist users to leave the park efficiently. During those events, the District will provide traffic signage and / or staff to direct traffic away from adjacent neighborhoods.

4.7 INTERPRETIVE PROGRAMMING

Oyster Bay offers a mix of natural, scenic and historic assets that visitors can connect while either visiting on their own or through District-sponsored interpretive and recreational programming. Some of these assets are already being highlighted through guided recreation tour programming which allows visitors to discover or learn about the resources while also engages in an outdoor recreational activity such as hiking or biking.

District Interpretive staff currently offer walking tours on a quarterly basis. This LUPA recommends that, as the park’s trail system is developed, programmed activities be supplemented with signage placed along trails that will interpret one or more themes associated with the area. Interpretive signage would provide self-guided, thematic tours relating to the area’s history and former land uses.

The following five themes are suggested to tell the story of Oyster Bay:

Theme 1: The History of Rancho San Leandro Rancho San Leandro was a 6,830-acre Mexican land grant in present day Alameda County, California given in 1842 by Governor Juan Alvarado to José Joaquín Estudillo. The grant extended along the eastern edge of the San Francisco Bay extending from San Leandro Creek south to San Lorenzo Creek, and encompassing present day San Leandro.

Theme 2: Oyster Farms and Oyster Pirates Before European settlement, the vast areas of tidal marshland around the San Francisco Bay were used by indigenous people (Irgin) for hunting, fishing, shellfish gathering and salt production. During the 1870s and 1880s, oyster farms were numerous in the shallows off Bay Farm Island and in San Leandro Bay. The beds were enclosed by fences to keep out predatory stingrays as well as oyster pirates who raided the beds by night. Jack London accompanied the pirates and wrote about his exploits in his book, Tales of the Fish Patrol.

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Theme 3: Mulford Shipping Company This company was instrumental in the development of shipping corridors and roads that vastly improved transportation in the area and provided access to goods and services for East Bay settlers and merchants.

Theme 4: Filling the Bay Up until the mid-19th century, over 200,000 acres of tidal marshes ringed the shoreline of San Francisco Bay. Beginning around 1860, and for the next hundred years, much of these wetlands were filled to support the cities growing up around the Bay’s edge. Many cities used the marshes as dike-and-fill municipal garbage dumps. These land filling activities also killed the oyster fishery. Oyster Bay was one such landfill site.

Theme 5: From Landfill to Park This topic would address challenges of reclaiming the former landfill and restoring it as a Regional Shoreline park that will provide a diversity of wildlife habitat and recreational opportunities.

Recommendations:

• Provide coordinated educational or recreational programming through partnerships with outside organizations where mutually beneficial.

4.8 COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES

Recommendations:

• The District will continue to work with Waste Management to minimize conflicts between maintenance of the former landfill’s gas collection systems and parkland development and restoration, and user activities.

• The District will continue to explore opportunities for partnering with the City of San Leandro and local volunteer groups in the development of a Disc Golf Course and a Bicycle Skills Area at Oyster Bay.

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 39 4.9 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION/PHASING

The first phase of LUPA implementation will include construction of the new Davis Street park access, including the adjacent trail for pedestrian and bicycle access and an initial staging area providing parking capacity for a maximum of 300 vehicles. A picnic area, restrooms, potable water, and plantings will be developed as part of the staging area. As Phase I funding permits, utility connections (water, sewer, electrical) will be extended into Oyster Bay.

Future access improvements will include an internal park roadway connecting the Davis Street access with the existing Neptune Drive access. Additional staging areas will be developed as needed based on visitor use. As the picnic or activity areas adjacent to the staging areas are developed (Bicycle Skills Area, Special Event Area, Disc Golf Course), appropriate loop trail connections will be developed or re-aligned, and vegetation restored.

The District will continue to refine and implement the phasing strategy based on the future availability of funds.

Recommended Phasing Plan:

Phase 1 • Complete fill imports and finish grading. • Develop Davis Street entrance. • Develop utility stub outs as far as the planned service yard location. • Develop initial staging area at northwest corner with water and restrooms. • Provide picnic area adjacent to the staging area. Plant wind breaks and landscaping. • Conduct a comprehensive vegetation survey and formulate an IPM/weed management and revegetation plan for the entire park, including funding plan for contractor or District staffing plan.

Future Phases – to be developed as funding becomes available • Complete fill imports and finish grading. • Begin general IPM / weed management program over entire park. • Develop self-guided interpretive program. • Construct park access road through to Neptune Drive. • Develop off-leash dog area. • Develop Disc Golf Course, with appropriate weed management and revegetation. • Develop Bicycle Skills Area when a management sponsor is found. • Develop Special Event Area with weed control and revegetation. • Develop additional staging areas, including adjacent picnic areas, landscaping, water and restrooms, near recreational activity areas as visitor use requires. • Develop loop trail system connecting staging areas with recreational activity areas, including removing and revegetating unneeded Waste Management access trails.

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Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 41

APPENDICES

42 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 43 APPENDIX A: PLANT SPECIES OBSERVED AT OYSTER BAY

Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Special Family Status Acacia longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle Fabaceae - | - | - Aesculus californica California Buckeye Sapindaceae - | - | - Amaranthus albus Tumbleweed / Pigweed Amaranthaceae - | - | - Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel Myrsinaceae - | - | - Anthriscus caucalis Bur-chervil Apiaceae - | - | - Atriplex prostrata Fat-hen / Spearscale Chenopodiaceae - | - | - Avena barbata Slender Wild Oat Poaceae - | - | - Avena fatua Wild Oat Poaceae - | - | - Baccharis pilularis subsp. Coyote Brush Asteraceae - | - | - consanguinea Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima Sea Beet Chenopodiaceae - | - | - Bolboschoenus robustus Seacoast Bulrush Cyperaceae - | - | - Brassica nigra Black Mustard Brassicaceae - | - | - Bromus carinatus var. carinatus California Brome Poaceae - | - | - Bromus diandrus Ripgut Grass Poaceae - | - | - Bromus hordeaceus Soft Chess Poaceae - | - | - Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens Red Brome Poaceae - | - | - Carduus pycnocephalus subsp. Italian Thistle Asteraceae - | - | - pycnocephalus Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. Blue Blossom Rhamnaceae - | - | - thyrsiflorus Centaurea solstitialis Yellow Star-thistle Asteraceae - | - | - Centromadia pungens subsp. Common Spikeweed Asteraceae - | - | - pungens Cercis occidentalis Western Redbud Fabaceae - | - | A1 Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle Asteraceae - | - | - Clarkia sp. Clarkia Onagraceae - | - | - Convolvulus arvensis Bindweed Convolvulaceae - | - | - Cortaderia jubata Hairy Pampas Grass Poaceae - | - | - Cotula australis Australian Brass Asteraceae - | - | - Buttons Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia Dandelion-leaf Asteraceae - | - | - Hawksbeard Cuscuta pacifica var. pacifica Goldenthread Convolvulaceae - | - | B Cynara cardunculus subsp. Artichoke Thistle Asteraceae - | - | - flavescens Cyperus sp. Nutsedge Cyperaceae - | - | - Distichlis spicata Salt Grass Poaceae - | - | - Elymus glaucus subsp. glaucus Western Wild-rye Poaceae - | - | -

44 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Special Family Status Epilobium brachycarpum Panicled / Weedy Onagraceae - | - | - Willowherb Ericameria ericoides California Goldenbush Asteraceae - | - | - Erigeron bonariensis Flax-leaved Horseweed Asteraceae - | - | - Erodium cicutarium Redstem Filaree Geraniaceae - | - | - Erodium moschatum Greenstem Filaree Geraniaceae - | - | - Eschscholzia californica California Poppy Papaveraceae - | - | - Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum Myrtaceae - | - | - Euphorbia oblongata European Spurge Euphorbiaceae - | - | - Festuca perennis Rye Grass Poaceae - | - | - Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Apiaceae - | - | - Frangula californica subsp. California Coffee Berry Rhamnaceae - | - | - californica Frankenia salina Alkali Heath Frankeniaceae - | - | - Fremontodendron californicum Calif. Flannelbush Malvaceae - | - | A1 Genista monspessulana French Broom Fabaceae - | - | - Grindelia stricta var. angustifolia Marsh Gumplant Asteraceae - | - | C Helminthotheca echioides Bristly Ox-tongue Asteraceae - | - | - Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Monterey Cypress Cupressaceae - | - | - Heteromeles arbutifolia Christmas Berry / Rosaceae - | - | - Toyon Hordeum marinum subsp. Mediterranean Barley Poaceae - | - | - gussoneanum Hordeum murinum subsp. Hare Barley Poaceae - | - | - leporinum Hordeum murinum subsp. Wall Barley Poaceae - | - | - murinum Jaumea carnosa Fleshy Jaumea Asteraceae - | - | C Kickxia elatine Sharp Point Fluvellin Plantaginaceae - | - | - Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Asteraceae - | - | - Layia platyglossa Tidy-tips Asteraceae - | - | C Lepidium latifolium Perennial Peppergrass Brassicaceae - | - | - Lepidium strictum Prostrate Peppergrass Brassicaceae - | - | - Linum sp. Flax Linaceae - | - | - Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil Fabaceae - | - | - Malva nicaeensis Bull Mallow Malvaceae - | - | - Malva parviflora Cheeseweed Malvaceae - | - | - Malvella leprosa Alkal-mallow Malvaceae - | - | - Matricaria discoidea Pineapple Weed Asteraceae - | - | - Melilotus indicus Sourclover Fabaceae - | - | - Olea europaea Olive Oleaceae - | - | - Oxalis pes-caprae Bermuda Buttercup Oxalidaceae - | - | -

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 45 Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Special Family Status Phalaris aquatica Harding Grass Poaceae - | - | - Phragmites australis Common Reed Poaceae - | - | B Pinus radiata Monterey Pine Pinaceae - | - | - Plantago coronopus Buckhorn Plantain Plantaginaceae - | - | - Plantago lanceolata English Plantain Plantaginaceae - | - | - Poa annua Annual Blue Grass Poaceae - | - | - Polygonum aviculare subsp. Prostrate Knotweed Polygonaceae - | - | - depressum Polypogon monspeliensis Rabbitfoot Grass Poaceae - | - | - Populus fremontii subsp. fremontii Fremont Cottonwood Salicaceae - | - | - Quercus chrysolepis Canyon Live Oak Fagaceae - | - | - Raphanus sativus Radish Brassicaceae - | - | - Ricinus communis Castor Bean Euphorbiaceae - | - | - Rubus armeniacus Himalayan Blackberry Rosaceae - | - | - Rumex crispus Curly Dock Polygonaceae - | - | - Rumex pulcher Fiddle Dock Polygonaceae - | - | - Salicornia pacifica Pacific Pickleweed Chenopodiaceae - | - | - Salsola soda Opposite-leaved Chenopodiaceae - | - | - Russian Thistle Schinus molle Pepper Tree Anacardiaceae - | - | - Schoenoplectus americanus Olney's Three-square Cyperaceae - | - | - Bulrush Senecio vulgaris Common Groundsel Asteraceae - | - | - Silybum marianum Milk Thistle Asteraceae - | - | - Solanum nigrum Black Nightshade Solanaceae - | - | - Sonchus asper subsp. asper Prickly Sow Thistle Asteraceae - | - | - Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow Thistle Asteraceae - | - | - Spartina foliosa California Cord Grass Poaceae - | - | B Stipa miliacea var. miliacea Smilo Grass Poaceae - | - | - Taraxacum officinale Common Dandelion Asteraceae - | - | - Tragopogon porrifolius Purple Salsify Asteraceae - | - | - Trifolium campestre Hop Clover Fabaceae - | - | - Trifolium fragiferum Strawberry Clover Fabaceae - | - | - Trifolium incarnatum Crimson Clover Fabaceae - | - | - Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover Fabaceae - | - | - Vicia sp. Vetch Fabaceae - | - | - Xanthium spinosum Spiny Cocklebur Asteraceae - | - | -

46 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 47 APPENDIX B: RECOMMENDED PLANT LIST Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline LUPA Recommended Plant List (2013) Sorted by growth form; alphabetically by scientific name Jepsons Manual, 2nd Edition

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOLERANCES ATTRIBUTES

TREES Aesculus californica California buckeye Arbutus menziesii Pacific Madrone Cercis occidentalis Western Redbud Fremontodendron califonicium Fremontia Garrya elliptica Coast Silktassel Heteromeles arbutifolia Toyon Lyonothamnus floribundus var. aspleniflorus Catalina Ironwood Pinus torreyana Torrey Pine Populus fremontii ssp. fremontii Western Cottonwood Prunus ilicifolia Hollyleaf Cherry Prunus ilicifolia ssp. Lyonii Catalina Cherry Quercus agrifolia var. agrifolia Coast Live Oak

SHRUBS Artemisia californica California Sagebush filler Symphyotrichum chilense California Aster groundcover Atriplex lentiformis Quail Bush habitat Baccharis pilularis ssp. pilularis Dwarf Coyote Bush poor soil groundcover Eriogonum giganteum California Buckwheat erosion control Eriogonum grande var. rubescens Red-flowered Buckwheat filler Mahonia pinnata California Holly Grape drought tolerant habitat Prunus ilicifolia ssp. ilicifolia Hollyleaf Cherry screen; windbreak Frangula californica Coffeeberry habitat Rhus ovata Sugar Bush screen; windbreak

GRASSES Agrostis hallii Hall's Bent Grass poor soil lawn sub Agrostis pallens Diego Bent Grass poor soil lawn sub. Distichlis spicata Salt Grass poor soil lawn sub. Festuca californica California fescue erosion control Festuca idahoensis Fescue Bunchgrass erosion control Festuca rubra Red Fescue poor soil lawn sub.

48 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME TOLERANCES ATTRIBUTES Hordeum brachyantherum Meadow Barley poor soil Koeleria macrantha Junegrass poor soil Elymus condensatus Giant Wild Rye erosion control Melica californica California Melic poor soil Muhlenbergia rigens Deer Grass erosion control Stipa lepida Foothill Needle Grass poor soil erosion control Stipa pulchra Purple Needle Grass poor soil

PERENNIALS Armeria maritima ssp. californica Sea-thrift border accent; lawn sub. Brodiaea elegans ssp. elegans Harvest Brodiaea easy to grow; grasslike Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum Blue Dicks drought tolerant Dichelostemma ida-maia Firecraker Flower good for meadows Constancea nevinii Catalina Silver Lace low water border accent Iris douglasiana Douglas Iris good for meadows Lupinus formosus Summer Lupine good for meadows Solidago velutina ssp. californica California Goldenrod good for meadows

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 49 APPENDIX C: WILDLIFE SPECIES OBSERVED ATOYSTER BAY

CLASS COMMON NAME LATIN NAME OBS EXP OCCURR STATUS Birds Allen's Hummingbird Selasphorus sasin yes yes O Birds American Avocet Recurvirostra Americana yes O/B Birds American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus yes Birds American Coot Fulica Americana yes O/B Birds American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos yes yes O Birds American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis yes yes O Birds American Green-winged Teal Anas crecca yes Birds American Kestrel Falco sparverius yes yes O/B Birds American Pipit Anthus rubescens yes K Birds American Robin Turdus migratorius yes yes O/B Birds Anna's Hummingbird Calypte anna yes yes O/B Birds Ash-throated Flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens yes yes O Birds Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii yes Birds Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica yes yes O/B Birds Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala islandica yes Birds Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon yes yes O Birds Bewick's Wren Thryomanes bewickii yes yes O Birds Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans yes yes O/B Birds Black Turnstone Arenaria melanocephala yes yes O Birds Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola yes yes O Birds Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax yes yes O Birds Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus yes yes O Birds Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus yes yes O/B Birds Brewer's Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus yes K CFP,St Delisted,Fed Birds Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis yes yes O Delisted Birds Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater yes O Birds Bufflehead Bucephala albeola yes K Birds Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia yes K/P SSC Birds Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus yes yes O/B Birds Bullock's Oriole Icterus bullockii yes yes O/B Laterallus jamaicensis Birds California Black Rail coturniculus yes K/H ST, CFP Birds California Clapper Rail Rallus longirostris obsoletus yes K/H FE,SE,CFP Birds California Gull Larus californicus yes yes O CWL Birds California Towhee Pipilo fuscus yes yes O/B Birds Canada Goose Branta Canadensis yes yes O Birds Canvasback Aythya valisineria yes K Birds Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia yes yes O Birds Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum yes K Birds Chestnut-backed Chickadee Parus rufescens yes K

50 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

CLASS COMMON NAME LATIN NAME OBS EXP OCCURR STATUS Birds Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera yes K Birds Cliff Swallow Hirundo pyrrhonota yes yes O/B Birds Common Barn Owl Tyto alba yes K Birds Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula yes K Birds Common Raven Corvus corax yes yes O Birds Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas yes K Birds Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii yes yes O/B CWL Birds Dark-eyed (Oregon) Junco Junco hyemalis yes K Birds Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus yes yes O CWL Birds Downy Woodpecker Picoides pubescens yes K Birds Dunlin Calidris alpine yes K Birds Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis yes K Birds Elegant Tern Sterna elegans yes K CWL Birds European Starling Sturnus vulgaris yes yes O/B Birds Forster's Tern Sterna forsteri yes yes O Birds Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca yes K Birds Gadwall Anas strepera yes yes O Birds Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus yes K Birds Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens yes K Birds Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos yes K BGPA, CFP, CWL Birds Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa yes yes O Birds Golden-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla yes yes O Birds Great Blue Heron Ardea Herodias yes yes O Birds Great Egret Casmerodius albus yes K Birds Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus yes K Birds Greater Scaup Aythya marila yes K Birds Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons yes K Birds Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca yes yes O Birds Green-backed Heron Butorides striatus yes K Birds Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus yes K Birds Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus yes K Birds Herring Gull Larus argentatus yes K Birds Hooded Oriole Icterus cucullatus yes K Birds Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus yes K Birds Horned Lark, California Eremophila alpestris actia yes K CWL Birds House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus yes yes O/B Birds House Sparrow Passer domesticus yes yes O/B Birds House Wren Troglodytes aedon yes yes O/B Birds Hutton's Vireo Vireo huttoni yes K Birds Killdeer Charadrius vociferous yes yes O/B Birds Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla yes O Birds Least Tern, California Sternula antillarum browni yes yes O FE,SE,CFP

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 51 CLASS COMMON NAME LATIN NAME OBS EXP OCCURR STATUS Birds Lesser Goldfinch Carduelis psaltria yes yes O Birds Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis yes yes O Birds Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes yes K Birds Lincoln's Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii yes K Birds Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus yes K SSC Birds Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus yes yes O CWL Birds Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus yes yes O Birds Mallard Anas platyrhynchos yes yes O/B Birds Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa yes yes O Birds Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris yes K Birds Merlin Falco columbarius yes K CWL Birds Mew Gull Larus canus yes K Birds Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura yes yes O/B Birds Northern Oriole Icterus galbula yes K Birds Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus yes K Birds Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus yes yes O SSC Birds Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos yes yes O/B Birds Northern Pintail Anas acuta yes K Birds Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata yes yes O Birds Nuttall's Woodpecker Picoides nuttallii yes K Birds Oak Titmouse Baeolophus inornatus yes K Birds Oldsquaw Clangula hyemalis yes K rare Birds Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus borealis yes K Birds Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata yes K Birds Osprey Pandion haliaetus yes K WL Birds Pacific-slope Flycatcher Empidonax difficilis yes K Birds Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos yes K Birds Pelagic Cormorant Phalacrocorax pelagicus yes K CFP,Fed Delisted, Birds Peregrine Falcon, American Falco peregrinus anatum yes yes O St Delisted Birds Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps yes K Birds Pine Siskin Carduelis pinus yes K Birds Plain Titmouse Parus inornatus yes K Birds Purple Finch Carpodacus purpureus yes K Birds Red Knot Calidris canutus yes K Birds Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator yes K Birds Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta Canadensis yes K Birds Red-breasted Sapsucker Sphyrapicus ruber yes K Birds Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus yes K Birds Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo lineatus yes K Birds Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis yes O/B Birds Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus yes yes O Birds Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis yes K

52 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

CLASS COMMON NAME LATIN NAME OBS EXP OCCURR STATUS Birds Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris yes K Birds Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus yes K Birds Rock Dove (Domestic Pigeon) Columba livia yes yes O Birds Ruby-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula yes yes O Birds Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis yes yes O/B Birds Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres yes yes O Birds Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus yes K Birds Sanderling Calidris alba yes K Birds Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis yes K Saltmarsh Common Birds Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas sinuosa yes K/H SSC Birds Say's Phoebe Sayornis saya yes K Birds Scrub Jay Aphelocoma coerulescens yes yes O/B Birds Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus yes K Birds Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus yes K CWL Birds Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus yes yes O Birds Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus yes K/P SSC Birds Snowy Egret Egretta thula yes O Birds Solitary Vireo Vireo solitaries yes K Birds Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia yes yes O/B Birds Song Sparrow, Alameda Melospiza melodia pusillula yes K/P SSC Birds Sora Porzana Carolina yes K Birds Spotted Sandpiper Actitus macularia yes K Birds Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata yes K Birds Surfbird Aphriza virgate yes K Birds Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus yes K Birds Thayer's Gull Larus thayeri yes K Birds Townsend's Warbler Dendroica townsendi yes K Birds Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor yes K Birds Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura yes yes O Birds Varied Thrush Ixoreus naevius yes K Birds Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina yes K Birds Virginia Rail Rallus limicola yes K Birds Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus yes K Birds Water Pipet Anthus spinoletta yes K Birds Western Bluebird Sialia Mexicana yes K Birds Western Flycatcher Empidonax difficilis yes K Birds Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis yes yes O Birds Western Gull Larus occidentalis yes yes O Birds Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta yes yes O/B Birds Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri yes yes O Birds Western Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma californica yes yes O/B Birds Western Wood-Pewee Contopus sordidulus yes K

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 53 CLASS COMMON NAME LATIN NAME OBS EXP OCCURR STATUS Birds Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus yes K Birds White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis yes K Birds White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys yes K Birds White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis yes K Birds White-throated Swift Aeronautes saxatalis yes yes O Birds White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus yes yes O/B CFP Birds Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor yes K Birds Wilson's Warbler Wilsonia pusilla yes K Birds Winter Wren Troglodytes troglodytes yes K Yellow-rumped (Audubon's) Birds Warbler Dendroica coronate yes K Birds Yellow-rumped (Myrtle) Warbler Dendroica coronate yes K Mammals Big Free-tailed Bat Nyctinomops macrotis SSC Mammals Black Rat Rattus rattus yes K Mammals Black-tailed Hare Lepus californicus yes yes O Mammals Botta Pocket Gopher Thomomys bottae yes yes O Mammals California Ground Squirrel Spermophilus beecheyi yes yes O/B Mammals California Meadow Mouse Microtus californicus yes yes O Mammals Virginia Opossum Didelphis marsupialis yes yes O Mammals Fox Squirrel Sciurus niger yes yes O Mammals Gray Fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus yes K Mammals House Mouse Mus musculus yes yes O Mammals Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus yes K Mammals Pinyon Mouse Peromyscus trueii yes Mammals Raccoon Procyon lotor yes yes O Mammals Red Fox Vulpes fulva yes K Mammals Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys raviventris yes K/H FE,SE,CFP Mammals Striped Skunk Mephitis mephitis yes yes O/B Mammals Western Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis yes K Mammals Western Pipistrelle Pipistrellus Hesperus yes K Reptiles Coast Garter California Thamnophis elegans sirtalis yes K Reptiles Gopher Snake, Pacific Pituophis melanoleucus yes yes O Reptiles Side-blotched Lizard, California Uta stansburiana yes Western Fence Lizard, Reptiles Northwestern Sceloporus occidentalis yes K

54 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 55 APPENDIX D: SPECIAL STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES AT OYSTER BAY

COMMON CLASS NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FEDERAL STATUS1 STATE STATUS1 OCCURRENCE2 Birds Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis Fed Delisted CFP, St Delisted O Birds Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia SSC K/P4 California Clapper Birds Rail Rallus longirostris obsoletus FE SE,CFP K/H* California Black Laterallus jamaicensis Birds Rail coturniculus ST,CFP K/H* Birds Eagle, Golden Aquila chrysaetos BGPA CFP K4 Birds Harrier, Northern Circus cyaneus SSC3 O Birds Kite, White-tailed Elanus leucurus CFP3 O/B Shrike, Birds Loggerhead Lanius ludovicianus SSC3 K4 Least Tern, Birds California Sternula antillarum browni FE SE O Birds Peregrine Falcon, Falco peregrinus anatum Fed Delisted CFP, St Delisted O American Saltmarsh Common Birds Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas sinuosa SSC K/H* Birds Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus SSC K/P4 Song Sparrow, Birds Alameda Melospiza melodia pusillula SSC K/P Salt Marsh FE Mammals Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys raviventris SE,CFP K/H*

1 Status definitions and governing agencies as follows: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service California Fish and Game Commission FE Listed as endangered by the Federal Government SE Listed as endangered by the state of California FT Listed as threatened by the Federal Government ST Listed as threatened by the state of California FSC Federal Species of Concern SSC Species of Special Concern FC Federal Candidate CFP Fully Protected Species BGPA Bald Eagle Protection act CP Protected Species

2 Occurrence: O=observed during our surveys, K=known to occur, P=potential to occur, H=unlikely to occur historic record, B=breeding confirmed, and R=rare species, * Resource Analysis of 1976 records

3 Rookeries or nesting only

4 Migrant

Source: East Bay Regional Park District 7-19-13

56 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 57 APPENDIX E: FISH SPECIES AT OYSTER BAY

Common Name Scientific Name Observed Expected Status

Anchovy, Northern Engraulis mordax yes

Bass, Striped Morone saxatilis yes yes

Croaker, White Genyonemus lineatus yes

Flounder, Starry Platichthys stellatus yes

Goby, Arrow Clevelandia ios yes

Goby, Chameleon Tridentiger trigonocephalus yes

Goby, Tidewater Eucyclogobius newberryi FE

Goby, Yellowfin Acanthogobius flavimanus yes

Greenling, Kelp Hexagrammos decagrammus yes

Halibut, California Paralichthys californicus

Herring, Pacific Clupea harengus yes

Lamprey, Pacific Lampetra tridentata yes

Midshipman, Plainfin Porichthys notatus

Pipefish, Bay Syngnathus leptorhynchus yes

Ray, Bat Myliobatis californica yes yes

Rockfish, Brown Sebastes auriculatus yes

Salmon, Chinook (King) Onchorhynchus tshawytscha yes SSC Late Fall Run; SE Spring Run

Sanddab, Pacific Citharichthys sordidus yes

Sculpin, Staghorn Leptocuttus armatus yes yes

Shad, American Alosa sapidissima yes

Shark, Brown Mustelus henlei yes yes Smoothhound

58 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

Common Name Scientific Name Observed Expected Status

Shark, Leopard Triakis semifasciata yes yes

Shark, Pacific Angel Squatina californica yes

Shark, Sevengill Notorynchus maculatus yes

Shark, Spiny Dogfish Squalus acanthias yes

Skate, Big Raja binoculata yes

Skate, Starry Raja stellulata yes

Smelt, Longfin Spirinchus thaleichthys yes ST

Splittail Pogonichthys macrolepidotus yes

Steelhead Onchorhynchus mykiss yes FT

Stickleback, Three Gasterosteus aculeatus yes Spined

Sturgeon, Green Acipenser medirostris yes FT/ST

Sturgeon, White Acipenser transmontanus yes

Surfperch, Barred Amphistichus argenteus yes

Surfperch, Black Embiotoca jacksoni yes

Surfperch, Calico Amphistichus koelzi yes

Surfperch, Dwarf Micrometrus minimus yes

Surfperch, Pile Damalichthys vacca yes

Surfperch, Rainbow Hypsurus caryi yes

Surfperch, Redtail Amphistichus rhodoterus yes

Surfperch, Reef Micrometrus aurora yes

Surfperch, Rubberlip Rhacochilus toxotes yes

Surfperch, Shiner Cymatogaster aggregata yes yes

Surfperch, Striped Embiotoca lateralis yes

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 59 Common Name Scientific Name Observed Expected Status

Surfperch, Walleye Hyperprosopon argenteum yes

Surfperch, White Phanerodon furcatus yes

Tonguefish, California Symphurus atricauda yes yes

Topsmelt Atherinops affinis yes

Turbot, C-O Pleuronichthys coenosus yes

Turbot, Diamond Hypsopsetta guttulata yes

1 Status definitions and governing agencies as follows: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service California Fish and Wildlife Commission FE Listed as endangered by the Federal Government SE Listed as endangered by the state of California FT Listed as threatened by the Federal Government ST Listed as threatened by the state of California FSC Federal Species of Concern SSC Species of Special Concern FC Federal Candidate CFP Fully Protected Species BGPA Bald Eagle Protection act CP Protected Species

2 Occurrence: O=observed during our surveys, K=known to occur, P=potential to occur, H=unlikely to occur historic record,

60 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 61 APPENDIX F: REFERENCES AND PERSONS CONTACTED

1. Traffic Study of Oyster Bay Access Driveway (Dowling Associates, Inc., May 20, 2011)

2. Shoreline Plants – A Landscape Guide For The San Francisco Bay , Prepared by the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission

62 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment

Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment 63 APPENDIX G: REPORT PREPARATION

Land Use Plan Brian Wiese, Chief, Planning and GIS Services Everett James, Park Planner Michelle Julene, Park Planner Phil Webster, Cartographic Technician

Stewardship Surveys Dave Riensche – Wildlife Biologist Pete Alexander – Fisheries Program Manager David Amme - Vegetation Specialist Wilde Legarde – Botanist Ron Gartland – Vegetation Resource Analyst

64 Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline – Land Use Plan Amendment